1
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Danzer B, Jukic M, Dunkel A, Andersen G, Lieder B, Schaudy E, Stadlmayr S, Lietard J, Michel T, Krautwurst D, Haller B, Knolle P, Somoza M, Lingor P, Somoza V. Impaired metal perception and regulation of associated human foliate papillae tongue transcriptome in long-COVID-19. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15408. [PMID: 38965271 PMCID: PMC11224223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66079-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory impairment is an outstanding symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We hypothesized that measured sensory impairments are accompanied by transcriptomic changes in the foliate papillae area of the tongue. Hospital personnel with known SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) status completed questionnaires on sensory perception (n = 158). A subcohort of n = 141 participated in forced choice taste tests, and n = 43 participants consented to donate tongue swabs of the foliate papillae area for whole transcriptome analysis. The study included four groups of participants differing in IgG levels (≥ 10 AU/mL = IgG+; < 10 AU/mL = IgG-) and self-reported sensory impairment (SSI±). IgG+ subjects not detecting metallic taste had higher IgG+ levels than IgG+ participants detecting iron gluconate (p = 0.03). Smell perception was the most impaired biological process in the transcriptome data from IgG+/SSI+ participants subjected to gene ontology enrichment. IgG+/SSI+ subjects demonstrated lower expression levels of 166 olfactory receptors (OR) and 9 taste associated receptors (TAS) of which OR1A2, OR2J2, OR1A1, OR5K1 and OR1G1, as well as TAS2R7 are linked to metallic perception. The question raised by this study is whether odorant receptors on the tongue (i) might play a role in metal sensation, and (ii) are potential targets for virus-initiated sensory impairments, which needs to be investigated in future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Danzer
- School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mateo Jukic
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gaby Andersen
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Barbara Lieder
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Clinical Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Erika Schaudy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Stadlmayr
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jory Lietard
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timm Michel
- School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Dietmar Krautwurst
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of AI and Informatics in Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Somoza
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Chair of Nutritional Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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2
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Lai SWT, Bhattacharya S, Lopez Gonzalez EDJ, Shuck SC. Methylglyoxal-Derived Nucleoside Adducts Drive Vascular Dysfunction in a RAGE-Dependent Manner. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:85. [PMID: 38247509 PMCID: PMC10812505 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of death in patients with diabetes. An early precursor to DKD is endothelial cell dysfunction (ECD), which often precedes and exacerbates vascular disease progression. We previously discovered that covalent adducts formed on DNA, RNA, and proteins by the reactive metabolic by-product methylglyoxal (MG) predict DKD risk in patients with type 1 diabetes up to 16 years pre-diagnosis. However, the mechanisms by which MG adducts contribute to vascular disease onset and progression remain unclear. Here, we report that the most predominant MG-induced nucleoside adducts, N2-(1-carboxyethyl)-deoxyguanosine (CEdG) and N2-(1-carboxyethyl)-guanosine (CEG), drive endothelial dysfunction. Following CEdG or CEG exposure, primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) undergo endothelial dysfunction, resulting in enhanced monocyte adhesion, increased reactive oxygen species production, endothelial permeability, impaired endothelial homeostasis, and exhibit a dysfunctional transcriptomic signature. These effects were discovered to be mediated through the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), as an inhibitor for intracellular RAGE signaling diminished these dysfunctional phenotypes. Therefore, we found that not only are MG adducts biomarkers for DKD, but that they may also have a role as potential drivers of vascular disease onset and progression and a new therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigmund Wai Tsuen Lai
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.W.T.L.); (E.D.J.L.G.)
| | - Supriyo Bhattacharya
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Edwin De Jesus Lopez Gonzalez
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.W.T.L.); (E.D.J.L.G.)
| | - Sarah C. Shuck
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.W.T.L.); (E.D.J.L.G.)
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3
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Das A, Santhosh S, Giridhar M, Behr J, Michel T, Schaudy E, Ibáñez-Redín G, Lietard J, Somoza MM. Dipodal Silanes Greatly Stabilize Glass Surface Functionalization for DNA Microarray Synthesis and High-Throughput Biological Assays. Anal Chem 2023; 95:15384-15393. [PMID: 37801728 PMCID: PMC10586054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Glass is by far the most common substrate for biomolecular arrays, including high-throughput sequencing flow cells and microarrays. The native glass hydroxyl surface is modified by using silane chemistry to provide appropriate functional groups and reactivities for either in situ synthesis or surface immobilization of biologically or chemically synthesized biomolecules. These arrays, typically of oligonucleotides or peptides, are then subjected to long incubation times in warm aqueous buffers prior to fluorescence readout. Under these conditions, the siloxy bonds to the glass are susceptible to hydrolysis, resulting in significant loss of biomolecules and concomitant loss of signal from the assay. Here, we demonstrate that functionalization of glass surfaces with dipodal silanes results in greatly improved stability compared to equivalent functionalization with standard monopodal silanes. Using photolithographic in situ synthesis of DNA, we show that dipodal silanes are compatible with phosphoramidite chemistry and that hybridization performed on the resulting arrays provides greatly improved signal and signal-to-noise ratios compared with surfaces functionalized with monopodal silanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Das
- Technical
University of Munich, Germany, TUM School
of Natural Sciences, Boltzmannstraße 10, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute
for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Santra Santhosh
- Technical
University of Munich, Germany, TUM School
of Natural Sciences, Boltzmannstraße 10, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute
for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Maya Giridhar
- Leibniz-Institute
for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Leibniz-Institute
for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Timm Michel
- Leibniz-Institute
for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Technical
University of Munich, Germany, TUM School
of Life Sciences, Alte
Akademie 8, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Erika Schaudy
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gisela Ibáñez-Redín
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jory Lietard
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark M. Somoza
- Leibniz-Institute
for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 30, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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4
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Tiroch J, Sterneder S, Di Pizio A, Lieder B, Hoelz K, Holik AK, Pignitter M, Behrens M, Somoza M, Ley JP, Somoza V. Bitter Sensing TAS2R50 Mediates the trans-Resveratrol-Induced Anti-inflammatory Effect on Interleukin 6 Release in HGF-1 Cells in Culture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13339-13349. [PMID: 33461297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent data have shown anti-inflammatory effects for trans-resveratrol (RSV) and rosmarinic acid (RA) in various immune-competent cell models through reduction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin 6 (IL-6) release. Because both compounds have been reported to taste bitter, we hypothesized an involvement of human bitter taste sensing receptors (TAS2Rs) on IL-6 release in LPS-treated human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). First, the bitter taste intensity of RSV and RA was compared in a sensory trial with 10 untrained panelists, of whom 90% rated a 50 ppm of RSV in water solution more bitter than 50 ppm of RA. A mean 19 ± 6% reduction of the RSV-induced bitter taste intensity was achieved by co-administration of 50 ppm of the bitter-masking, TAS2R43 antagonist homoeriodictyol (HED). Mechanistic experiments in a stably CRISPR-Cas9-edited TAS2R43ko gastric cell model revealed involvement of TAS2R43 in the HED-evoked effect on RSV-induced proton secretion, whereas the cellular response to RSV did not depend upon TAS2R43. Next, the IL-6 modulatory effect of 100 μM RSV was studied in LPS-treated immune-competent HGF-1 cells. After 6 h of treatment, RSV reduced the LPS-induced IL-6 gene expression and protein release by -46.2 ± 12.7 and -73.9 ± 2.99%, respectively. This RSV-evoked effect was abolished by co-administration of HED. Because real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed a regulation of TAS2R50 in RSV with or without HED-treated HGF-1 cells, an siRNA knockdown approach of TAS2R50 was applied to verify TAS2R50 involvement in the RSV-induced reduction of the LPS-evoked IL-6 release in HGT-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tiroch
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Sterneder
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonella Di Pizio
- Leibniz-Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Barbara Lieder
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Hoelz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ann-Katrin Holik
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maik Behrens
- Leibniz-Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Somoza
- Leibniz-Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Leibniz-Institute of Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Chair for Nutritional Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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5
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Shi Y, Wang M, Ding Y, Chen J, Niu B, Chen Q. Effects of Maillard reaction on structural modification and potential allergenicity of peanut 7S globulin (Ara h 1). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5617-5626. [PMID: 32608517 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ara h 1 is a major food allergen in peanuts. Recently, many studies have revealed that the Maillard reaction (MR) affects the allergenicity of food proteins. RESULTS To investigate the influence of the MR on the allergenicity of Ara h 1, R-Ara h 1 was processed with glucose in dry heating conditions for different periods. The extent of the MR was assessed by four methods. The changes in secondary and tertiary structures were characterized through spectroscopy assays. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) structures were identified by protein sample dry heating for 60 min, indicating the formation of AGE-Ara h 1. Simulated gastric fluid (SGF) digestion analysis showed that AGE-Ara h 1 has higher resistance to peptic digestion than R-Ara h 1. The BALB/c mouse model was also utilized to explore the effect of the MR on the allergenicity of Ara h 1, and the results showed that the Th2-type cytokines, antibodies, and histamine content increased, and there was a greater degree of degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells in the AGE-Ara h 1 group compared with the R-Ara h 1 group. CONCLUSION During the process of dry heating, proteins participated in the MR with changes in secondary and tertiary structures. The condition applying a temperature of 100 °C for 60 min caused the formation of AGE-Ara h 1. Simulated gastric fluid digestion analysis showed that AGE-Ara h 1 had a greater resistance to peptic digestion than R-Ara h 1. The BALB/c mouse model showed that AGE-Ara h 1 had more allergenicity, indicating that the MR could enhance the allergenicity of Ara h 1. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., ltd., Shanghai, China
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6
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Advanced Glycated apoA-IV Loses Its Ability to Prevent the LPS-Induced Reduction in Cholesterol Efflux-Related Gene Expression in Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6515401. [PMID: 32410861 PMCID: PMC7201780 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6515401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We addressed how advanced glycation (AGE) affects the ability of apoA-IV to impair inflammation and restore the expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated macrophages. Recombinant human apoA-IV was nonenzymatically glycated by incubation with glycolaldehyde (GAD), incubated with cholesterol-loaded bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and then stimulated with LPS prior to measurement of proinflammatory cytokines by ELISA. Genes involved in cholesterol efflux were quantified by RT-qPCR, and cholesterol efflux was measured by liquid scintillation counting. Carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pyrraline (PYR) levels, determined by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), were greater in AGE-modified apoA-IV (AGE-apoA-IV) compared to unmodified-apoA-IV. AGE-apoA-IV inhibited expression of interleukin 6 (Il6), TNF-alpha (Tnf), IL-1 beta (Il1b), toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (Traf6), Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Jak2/Stat3), nuclear factor kappa B (Nfkb), and AGE receptor 1 (Ddost) as well as IL-6 and TNF-alpha secretion. AGE-apoA-IV alone did not change cholesterol efflux or ABCA-1 levels but was unable to restore the LPS-induced reduction in expression of Abca1 and Abcg1. AGE-apoA-IV inhibited inflammation but lost its ability to counteract the LPS-induced changes in expression of genes involved in macrophage cholesterol efflux that may contribute to atherosclerosis.
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7
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Zaunschirm M, Pignitter M, Kopic A, Keßler C, Hochkogler C, Kretschy N, Somoza MM, Somoza V. Exposure of Human Gastric Cells to Oxidized Lipids Stimulates Pathways of Amino Acid Biosynthesis on a Genomic and Metabolomic Level. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224111. [PMID: 31739445 PMCID: PMC6891525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western diet is characterized by a high consumption of heat-treated fats and oils. During deep-frying processes, vegetable oils are subjected to high temperatures which result in the formation of lipid peroxidation products. Dietary intake of oxidized vegetable oils has been associated with various biological effects, whereas knowledge about the effects of structurally-characterized lipid peroxidation products and their possible absorption into the body is scarce. This study investigates the impact of linoleic acid, one of the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids in vegetable oils, and its primary and secondary peroxidation products, 13-HpODE and hexanal, on genomic and metabolomic pathways in human gastric cells (HGT-1) in culture. The genomic and metabolomic approach was preceded by an up-to-six-hour exposure study applying 100 µM of each test compound to the apical compartment in order to quantitate the compounds’ recovery at the basolateral side. Exposure of HGT-1 cells to either 100 µM linoleic acid or 100 µM 13-HpODE resulted in the formation of approximately 1 µM of the corresponding hydroxy fatty acid, 13-HODE, in the basolateral compartment, whereas a mean concentration of 0.20 ± 0.13 µM hexanal was quantitated after an equivalent application of 100 µM hexanal. An integrated genomic and metabolomic pathway analysis revealed an impact of the linoleic acid peroxidation products, 13-HpODE and hexanal, primarily on pathways related to amino acid biosynthesis (p < 0.05), indicating that peroxidation of linoleic acid plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular amino acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Zaunschirm
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-14277-70621
| | - Antonio Kopic
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Keßler
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Hochkogler
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Kretschy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Manuel Somoza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Hoi JK, Lieder B, Pignitter M, Hans J, Ley JP, Lietard J, Hoelz K, Somoza M, Somoza V. Identification of Cinnamaldehyde as Most Effective Fatty Acid Uptake Reducing Cinnamon-Derived Compound in Differentiated Caco-2 Cells Compared to Its Structural Analogues Cinnamyl Alcohol, Cinnamic Acid, and Cinnamyl Isobutyrate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11638-11649. [PMID: 31532204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring cinnamon compounds such as cinnamaldehyde (CAL) and structurally related constituents have been associated with antiobesity activities, although studies regarding the impact on intestinal fatty acid uptake are scarce. Here, we demonstrate the effects of CAL and structural analogues cinnamyl alcohol (CALC), cinnamic acid (CAC), and cinnamyl isobutyrate on mechanisms regulating intestinal fatty acid uptake in differentiated Caco-2 cells. CAL, CALC, and CAC (3000 μM) were found to decrease fatty acid uptake by 58.0 ± 8.83, 19.4 ± 8.98, and 21.9 ± 6.55%, respectively. While CAL and CALC at a concentration of 300 μM increased serotonin release 14.9 ± 3.00- and 2.72 ± 0.69-fold, respectively, serotonin alone showed no effect on fatty acid uptake. However, CAL revealed transient receptor potential channel A1-dependency in the decrease of fatty acid uptake, as well as in CAL-induced serotonin release. Overall, CAL was identified as the most potent of the cinnamon constituents tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joachim Hans
- Symrise AG , Muehlenfeldstraße 1 , Holzminden 37603 , Germany
| | - Jakob P Ley
- Symrise AG , Muehlenfeldstraße 1 , Holzminden 37603 , Germany
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9
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Holik AK, Stöger V, Hölz K, Somoza MM, Somoza V. Impact of free N ε-carboxymethyllysine, its precursor glyoxal and AGE-modified BSA on serotonin release from human parietal cells in culture. Food Funct 2018; 9:3906-3915. [PMID: 29972203 PMCID: PMC6053975 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are frequently encountered in a western diet, in addition to their formation in vivo. N-Epsilon-carboxymethyllysine (CML), one of the chemically diverse compounds formed in the reaction between reducing carbohydrates and amines, is often used as a marker of advanced glycation, and has been shown to stimulate serotonin release from cells representing the central (SH-SY5Y cells) and the peripheral (Caco-2 cells) serotonin system in vitro. Here, we investigated the effect of glyoxal, free CML, and protein-linked AGE-BSA on serotonin release from human gastric tumour cells, which originate from an adenocarcinoma of the stomach and have recently been shown to be capable of serotonin synthesis and release. Microarray experiments showed both CML and glyoxal to alter genes associated with serotonin receptors. Furthermore, treatment with glyoxal resulted in a small change in RAGE expression while CML did not alter its expression. On a functional level, treatment with 500 μM CML increased extracellular serotonin content by 341 ± 241%, while treatment with 1 mg mL-1 AGE-BSA led to a reduction by 49 ± 11% compared to non-treated cells. The CML-induced serotonin release was reduced by the HTR3 antagonist granisetron. Incubation with the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1 abolished the effect of AGE-BSA on serotonin release, while no impact on CML-induced serotonin release was observed. Furthermore, treatment with 5 mM CML stimulated proton secretion as a functional outcome measure, assessed using a pH sensitive dye. Taken together, these results indicate a likely HTR3-mediated, RAGE-independent effect of free CML on serotonin release and a RAGE-dependent mechanism for the protein linked AGE-BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Holik
- Department of Physiological Chemistry
, Faculty of Chemistry
, University of Vienna
,
Althanstraße 14
, 1090 Vienna
, Austria
.
; Fax: +43 1 4277 9706
; Tel: +43 1 4227 70601
| | - Verena Stöger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds
, Faculty of Chemistry
, University of Vienna
,
Althanstraße 14
, 1090 Vienna
, Austria
| | - Kathrin Hölz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
, Faculty of Chemistry
, University of Vienna
,
Althanstraße 14
, 1090 Vienna
, Austria
| | - Mark M. Somoza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
, Faculty of Chemistry
, University of Vienna
,
Althanstraße 14
, 1090 Vienna
, Austria
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry
, Faculty of Chemistry
, University of Vienna
,
Althanstraße 14
, 1090 Vienna
, Austria
.
; Fax: +43 1 4277 9706
; Tel: +43 1 4227 70601
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds
, Faculty of Chemistry
, University of Vienna
,
Althanstraße 14
, 1090 Vienna
, Austria
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10
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Holik AK, Lieder B, Kretschy N, Somoza MM, Ley JP, Hans J, Somoza V. The advanced glycation end product N ϵ -carboxymethyllysine and its precursor glyoxal increase serotonin release from Caco-2 cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2731-2741. [PMID: 29052845 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), comprising a highly diverse class of Maillard reaction compounds formed in vivo and during heating processes of foods, have been described in the progression of several degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. Nϵ -Carboxymethyllysine (CML) represents a well-characterized AGE, which is frequently encountered in a Western diet and is known to mediate its cellular effects through binding to the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). As very little is known about the impact of exogenous CML and its precursor, glyoxal, on intestinal cells, a genome-wide screening using a customized microarray was conducted in fully differentiated Caco-2 cells. After verification of gene regulation by qPCR, functional assays on fatty acid uptake, glucose uptake, and serotonin release were performed. While only treatment with glyoxal showed a slight impact on fatty acid uptake (P < 0.05), both compounds reduced glucose uptake significantly, leading to values of 81.3% ± 22.8% (500 μM CML, control set to 100%) and 68.3% ± 20.9% (0.3 μM glyoxal). Treatment with 500 μM CML or 0.3 μM glyoxal increased serotonin release (P < 0.05) to 236% ± 111% and 264% ± 66%, respectively. Co-incubation with the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1 reduced CML-induced serotonin release by 34%, suggesting a RAGE-mediated mechanism. Similarly, co-incubation with the SGLT-1 inhibitor phloridzin attenuated serotonin release after CML treatment by 32%, hinting at a connection between CML-stimulated serotonin release and glucose uptake. Future studies need to elucidate whether the CML/glyoxal-induced serotonin release in enterocytes might stimulate serotonin-mediated intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Holik
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Lieder
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Kretschy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark M Somoza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Food Processing: The Influence of the Maillard Reaction on Immunogenicity and Allergenicity of Food Proteins. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080835. [PMID: 28777346 PMCID: PMC5579628 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of foods that are consumed in our developed society have been processed. Processing promotes a non-enzymatic reaction between proteins and sugars, the Maillard reaction (MR). Maillard reaction products (MRPs) contribute to the taste, smell and color of many food products, and thus influence consumers’ choices. However, in recent years, MRPs have been linked to the increasing prevalence of diet- and inflammation-related non-communicable diseases including food allergy. Although during the last years a better understanding of immunogenicity of MRPs has been achieved, still only little is known about the structural/chemical characteristics predisposing MRPs to interact with antigen presenting cells (APCs). This report provides a comprehensive review of recent studies on the influence of the Maillard reaction on the immunogenicity and allergenicity of food proteins.
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12
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Martinez-Saez N, Hochkogler CM, Somoza V, Del Castillo MD. Biscuits with No Added Sugar Containing Stevia, Coffee Fibre and Fructooligosaccharides Modifies α-Glucosidase Activity and the Release of GLP-1 from HuTu-80 Cells and Serotonin from Caco-2 Cells after In Vitro Digestion. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070694. [PMID: 28677657 PMCID: PMC5537809 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the in vitro effects of the bioaccessible food components released during the simulated human digestion of a coffee fibre-containing biscuit (CFB) on α-glucosidase activity, antioxidant capacity and satiety hormones. Digest of CFB presented a significantly (p < 0.05) lower amount of sugar (68.6 mg/g) and a higher antioxidant capacity (15.1 mg chlorogenic acid eq./g) than that of a sucrose-containing biscuit (SCB). The CFB significantly reduced (p < 0.05) α-glucosidase activity (IC50 = 3.3 mg/mL) compared to the SCB (IC50 = 6.2 mg/mL). Serotonin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release by differentiated Caco-2 and HuTu-80 cells, respectively, was stimulated by the CFB (355% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL and 278% at a concentration of 0.05 mg/mL) to the same order of magnitude as those of the SCB. To summarize, the CFB was demonstrated to reduce monosaccharide bioaccessibility, to inhibit a diabetes-related digestive enzyme, and to improve the release of satiety hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Martinez-Saez
- Food Bioscience Group, Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Christina Maria Hochkogler
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Department of Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maria Dolores Del Castillo
- Food Bioscience Group, Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, UAM-CSIC), C/ Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Lieder B, Hoi JK, Holik AK, Geissler K, Hans J, Friedl B, Liszt K, Krammer GE, Ley JP, Somoza V. The flavanone homoeriodictyol increases SGLT-1-mediated glucose uptake but decreases serotonin release in differentiated Caco-2 cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171580. [PMID: 28192456 PMCID: PMC5305062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavanoids and related polyphenols, among them hesperitin, have been shown to modulate cellular glucose transport by targeting SGLT-1 and GLUT-2 transport proteins. We aimed to investigate whether homoeriodictyol, which is structurally related to hesperitin, affects glucose uptake in differentiated Caco-2 cells as a model for the intestinal barrier. The results revealed that, in contrast to other polyphenols, the flavanon homoeriodictyol promotes glucose uptake by 29.0 ± 3.83% at a concentration of 100 μM. The glucose uptake stimulating effect was sensitive to phloridzin, but not to phloretin, indicating an involvement of the sodium-coupled glucose transporter SGLT-1, but not of sodium-independent glucose transporters (GLUT). In addition, in contrast to the increased extracellular serotonin levels by stimulation with 500 mM D-(+)-glucose, treatment with 100 μM homoeriodictyol decreased serotonin release by -48.8 ± 7.57% in Caco-2 cells via a phloridzin-sensitive signaling pathway. Extracellular serotonin levels were also reduced by -57.1 ± 5.43% after application of 0.01 μM homoeriodictyol to human neural SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that homoeriodictyol affects both the glucose metabolism and the serotonin system in Caco-2 cells via a SGLT-1-meditated pathway. Furthermore, the results presented here support the usage of Caco-2 cells as a model for peripheral serotonin release. Further investigations may address the value of homoeriodictyol in the treatment of anorexia and malnutrition through the targeting of SGLT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lieder
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Katharina Hoi
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ann-Katrin Holik
- Department for Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Joachim Hans
- Symrise AG, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, Holzminden, Germany
| | - Barbara Friedl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Liszt
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jakob P. Ley
- Symrise AG, Mühlenfeldstraße 1, Holzminden, Germany
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Nutritional and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Receptor-mediated toxicity of human amylin fragment aggregated by short- and long-term incubations with copper ions. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 425:85-93. [PMID: 27804051 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human amylin (hA1-37) is a polypeptide hormone secreted in conjunction with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The shorter fragment hA17-29 than full-length peptide is capable to form amyloids "in vitro". Here, we monitored the time course of hA17-29 β-amyloid fibril and oligomer formation [without and with copper(II)], cellular toxicity of different amyloid aggregates, and involvement of specific receptors (receptor for advanced glycation end-products, RAGE; low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor, p75-NGFR) in aggregate toxicity. Fibril and oligomer formation of hA17-29 incubated at 37 °C for 0, 48, and 120 h, without or with copper(II), were measured by the thioflavin T fluorescence assay and ELISA, respectively. Toxicity of hA17-29 aggregates and effects of anti-RAGE and anti-p75-NGFR antibodies were evaluated on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y viability. Fluorescence assay of hA17-29 indicates an initial slow rate of soluble fibril formation (48 h), followed by a slower rate of insoluble aggregate formation (120 h). The highest quantity of oligomers was recorded when hA17-29 was pre-aggregated for 48 h in the presence of copper(II) showing also the maximal cell toxicity (-44% of cell viability, p < 0.01 compared to controls). Anti-RAGE or anti-p75-NGFR antibodies almost abolished cell toxicity of hA17-29 aggregates. These results indicate that copper(II) influences the aggregation process and hA17-29 toxicities are especially attributable to oligomeric aggregates. hA17-29 aggregate toxicity seems to be mediated by RAGE and p75-NGFR receptors which might be potential targets for new drugs in T2DM treatment.
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15
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Holik A, Lieder B, Kretschy N, Somoza MM, Held S, Somoza V. N(ϵ) -Carboxymethyllysine Increases the Expression of miR-103/143 and Enhances Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2413-22. [PMID: 27137869 PMCID: PMC4982050 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproducts, formed in vivo, but also by the Maillard reaction upon thermal treatment of foods, have been associated with the progression of pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus. In addition to the accumulation with age, exogenous AGEs are introduced into the circulation from dietary sources. In this study, we investigated the effects of addition of free N(ϵ) -carboxymethyllysine (CML), a well-characterized product of the Maillard reaction, on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment with 5, 50, or 500 μM CML resulted in increased lipid accumulation to similar extents, by 11.5 ± 12.6%, 12.9 ± 8.6%, and 12.8 ± 8.5%, respectively. Long-term treatment with 500 μM CML during adipogenesis resulted in increases in miR-103 and miR-143 levels, two miRNAs described to be involved in impaired glucose homeostasis and increased lipid accumulation. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with these miRNAs, consisting of Akt1, PI3k, and Cav1 was regulated by CML. Short-term treatment of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes with CML resulted in decreased basal glucose uptake. These results, indicate that the addition of protein-free CML to 3T3-L1 cells influence parameters associated with adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis at transcriptional, and functional level; this indicates that free CML derived from exogenous sources, in addition to protein-bound CML may be relevant in this context. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2413-2422, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Katrin Holik
- Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Nutritional and Physiological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14Vienna 1090Austria
| | - Barbara Lieder
- Faculty of ChemistryChristian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma CompoundsUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14Vienna 1090Austria
| | - Nicole Kretschy
- Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14Vienna 1090Austria
| | - Mark M. Somoza
- Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14Vienna 1090Austria
| | - Sandra Held
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin
| | - Veronika Somoza
- Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Nutritional and Physiological ChemistryUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14Vienna 1090Austria
- Faculty of ChemistryChristian Doppler Laboratory for Bioactive Aroma CompoundsUniversity of ViennaAlthanstraße 14Vienna 1090Austria
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16
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Toxicological evaluation of advanced glycation end product Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine: Acute and subacute oral toxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 77:65-74. [PMID: 26921796 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) as a novel potential noxious compound in various food products has aroused extensive concern in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the oral acute and subacute toxicity of CML in mice as per OECD 420 and 407 guidelines. Acute administration of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg CML did not induce any mortality within 14 days, nevertheless some toxicological symptoms and histopathological changes were observed. The estimated LD50 of CML was >5000 mg/kg. In subacute toxicity test, CML was dosed at 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg in both genders for 28 days. The body weights reduced which was accompanied with the decrease of food consumptions. Hematology parameters viz. RBC, HGB and MCH showed minor alteration but these were still within normal range. Biochemical analysis of hepatic and renal function markers showed significant elevating in AST, ALT, Cr and BUN etc. Histopathological alterations were observed in lung, liver, kidney and spleen. Subacute toxicity of CML involved oxidative stress caused by reducing antioxidant enzyme (SOD and GSH-Px) activities, and significantly increasing lipid peroxide (MDA) level. In conclusion, CML was unlikely to present an acute hazard, but repeated administration could produce deleterious effects on mice especially inducing liver and kidney damage through oxidative stress.
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Sampath C, Zhu Y, Sang S, Ahmedna M. Bioactive compounds isolated from apple, tea, and ginger protect against dicarbonyl induced stress in cultured human retinal epithelial cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:200-13. [PMID: 26926182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylglyoxal (MGO) is known to be a major precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are linked to diabetes and its related complications. Naturally occurring bioactive compounds could play an important role in countering AGEs thereby minimizing the risk associated with their formation. METHODS In this study, eight specific bioactive compounds isolated from apple, tea and ginger were evaluated for their AGEs scavenging activity using Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (H-RPE) cells treated with MGO. RESULTS Among the eight specific compounds evaluated, (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) from tea, phloretin in apple, and [6]-shogaol and [6]-gingerol from ginger were found to be most effective in preventing MGO-induced cytotoxicity in the epithelial cells. Investigation of possible underlying mechanisms suggests that that these compounds could act by modulating key regulative detoxifying enzymes via modifying nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) function. MGO-induced cytotoxicity led to increased levels of AGEs causing increase in Nε-(Carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) and glutathione (GSH) levels and over expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Data also showed that translocation of Nrf2 from cytosol to nucleus was inhibited, which decreased the expression of detoxifying enzyme like heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The most potent bioactive compounds scavenged dicarbonyl compounds, inhibited AGEs formation and significantly reduced carbonyl stress by Nrf2 related pathway and restoration of HO-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated the protective effect of bioactive compounds derived from food sources against MGO-induced carbonyl stress through activation of the Nrf2 related defense pathway, which is of significant importance for therapeutic interventions in complementary treatment/management of diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chethan Sampath
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, NC 28081, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, NC 28081, United States
| | - Mohamed Ahmedna
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Mizejewski GJ. The alpha-fetoprotein third domain receptor binding fragment: in search of scavenger and associated receptor targets. J Drug Target 2015; 23:538-51. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1015538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kruk JS, Vasefi MS, Gondora N, Ahmed N, Heikkila JJ, Beazely MA. Fluoxetine-induced transactivation of the platelet-derived growth factor type β receptor reveals a novel heterologous desensitization process. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 65:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Sack M, Kretschy N, Rohm B, Somoza V, Somoza MM. Simultaneous light-directed synthesis of mirror-image microarrays in a photochemical reaction cell with flare suppression. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8513-7. [PMID: 23968455 PMCID: PMC3776564 DOI: 10.1021/ac4024318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The use of photolabile protecting
groups is a versatile and well-established
means of synthesizing high complexity microarrays of biopolymers,
such as nucleic acids and peptides, for high-throughput analysis.
The synthesis takes place in a photochemical reaction cell which positions
the microarray substrate at the focus of the optical system delivering
the light and which can be connected to a fluidics system which delivers
appropriate reagents to the surface in synchrony with the light exposure.
Here we describe a novel photochemical reaction cell which allows
for the simultaneous synthesis of microarrays on two substrates. The
reaction cell positions both substrates within the limited depth-of-focus
of the optical system while maintaining the necessary reagent flow
conditions. The resulting microarrays are mirror images of each other
but otherwise essentially identical. The new reaction cell doubles
the throughput of microarray synthesis without increasing the consumption
of reagents. In addition, a secondary flow chamber behind the reaction
cell can be filled with an absorbent and index-matching fluid to eliminate
reflections from light exiting the reaction cell assembly, greatly
reducing unintended light exposure that reduces the sequence fidelity
of the microarray probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Sack
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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