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Bdour Y, Sabat RG. Real-Time Plasmonic Strain Sensors Based on Surface Relief Diffraction Gratings. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:863. [PMID: 39064374 PMCID: PMC11278841 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Large-scale diffraction gratings were fabricated in surface relief on azobenzene thin films and transferred to flexible PDMS substrates using soft lift-off lithography. The PDMS gratings were strained along the grating vector axis and the resulting surface topography was analyzed using diffraction angle measurements, AFM imagery and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra. All measurement methods exhibited a linear response in strain indicating the useability of these sensors in real-world applications. For SPR-based strain sensing, an increasing pitch and a decreasing modulation depth were observed with increasing strain. The SPR peak shifted by ~1.0 nm wavelength and the SPR intensity decreased by ~0.3 a.u. per percentage of applied strain. The tested PDMS samples retained their integrity even after multiple cycles of stretching and relaxation, making them a suitable strain sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Bdour
- Department of Physics and Space Science, Royal Military College of Canada, STN Forces, P.O. Box 17000, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada;
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2
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Angelini M, Zagaglia L, Marabelli F, Floris F. Convergence and Performance Analysis of a Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Optical Tuning of Gold Nanohole Arrays. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:807. [PMID: 38399058 PMCID: PMC10890212 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanohole arrays, hybrid metal/dielectric metasurfaces composed of periodically arranged air holes in a thick gold film, exhibit versatile support for both localized and propagating surface plasmons. Leveraging their capabilities, particularly in surface plasmon resonance-oriented applications, demands precise optical tuning. In this study, a customized particle swarm optimization algorithm, implemented in Ansys Lumerical FDTD, was employed to optically tune gold nanohole arrays treated as bidimensional gratings following the Bragg condition. Both square and triangular array dispositions were considered. Convergence and evolution of the particle swarm optimization algorithm were studied, and a mathematical model was developed to interpret its outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Angelini
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.Z.); (F.F.)
| | | | - Franco Marabelli
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.Z.); (F.F.)
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3
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Chauke SH, Nzuza S, Ombinda-Lemboumba S, Abrahamse H, Dube FS, Mthunzi-Kufa P. Advances in the detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis using optical-based devices. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103906. [PMID: 38042235 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is highly contagious and can lead to severe health complications if left untreated. This review article discusses the importance of early detection and treatment and its global incidence and epidemiology, emphasizing its impact on vulnerable populations and its role as a major cause of death worldwide. Furthermore, it highlights the challenges faced with diagnosing TB. To overcome these challenges, point-of-care devices have emerged as promising tools for rapid and accurate TB detection. These include devices such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), lateral flow assays (LFAs), and microfluidic-based assays, which offer advantages such as rapid results, portability, and the ability to detect drug-resistant strains. Optical-based devices, such as photonic micro-ring sensors, silicon platform-based sensors, plasmonic-based platforms, microfluidics, and smartphone imaging, are some of the highlighted optical-based devices with the potential to detect TB. These devices can detect TB in sputum samples with high sensitivity and specificity. Optical-based diagnostic devices have the potential to offer the advantages of detecting low concentrations of target molecules and being adaptable to detect multiple targets simultaneously. Using these devices in a clinical setting makes them suitable for their application in improving access to diagnostic testing that enables earlier detection and treatment of TB. Furthermore, these devices would improve TB's global health issue, which requires comprehensive research, prevention, and treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipho H Chauke
- Biophotonics, Photonic Centre, Manufacturing Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
| | - Sinegugu Nzuza
- Biophotonics, Photonic Centre, Manufacturing Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Laser Research Centre Department, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Saturnin Ombinda-Lemboumba
- Biophotonics, Photonic Centre, Manufacturing Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre Department, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Felix S Dube
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - Patience Mthunzi-Kufa
- Biophotonics, Photonic Centre, Manufacturing Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa; School of Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Studies (UNESCO), University of South Africa, GroenKloof Campus, Pretoria, South Africa
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4
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Goodrum R, Li H. Advances in three dimensional metal enhanced fluorescence based biosensors using metal nanomaterial and nano-patterned surfaces. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300519. [PMID: 37997672 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is a phenomenon that increases fluorescence signal through placement of metal near a fluorophore. For biosensing applications, MEF-based biosensors are becoming increasingly popular as it enables highly sensitive detection of molecules, important for early diagnosis. The structure and size of the metal influence the optical properties through enhancing the fluorophore photostability and light absorption and emission. In recent years, many metal nanostructures have been fabricated and examined for their effectiveness in developing MEF-based biosensors. This review focuses on the latest applications of three-dimensional nanostructures and nano-patterned surfaces used to develop and improve fluorescence sensing via MEF. Current reviews mostly discussed the applications of two dimensional MEF and metal-nanoparticles-based MEF with a focus on fabrication of nanoparticles and metal substrates. In this article, we focused more on the effect of the metal nanostructure and size on MEF and then provided an in-depth summary of the performance of the state-of-the-art three dimensional MEF-based biosensors. While more work is needed to demonstrate applicability for complex samples, it is evident that with the use of metal nanoparticles and three dimensional nano-patterns, the assay sensitivity of fluorescence-based detection can be greatly improved, making it suitable for use in early disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Goodrum
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huiyan Li
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Li R, Fan H, Chen Y, Huang J, Liu GL, Huang L. Application of nanoplasmonic biosensors based on nanoarrays in biological and chemical detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:21586-21613. [PMID: 37381254 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Technological innovation, cost effectiveness, and miniaturization are key factors that determine the commercial adaptability and sustainability of sensing platforms. Nanoplasmonic biosensors based on nanocup or nanohole arrays are attractive for the development of various miniaturized devices for clinical diagnostics, health management, and environmental monitoring. In this review, we discuss the latest trends in the engineering and development of nanoplasmonic sensors as biodiagnostic tools for the highly sensitive detection of chemical and biological analytes. We focused on studies that have explored flexible nanosurface plasmon resonance systems using a sample and scalable detection approach in an effort to highlight multiplexed measurements and portable point-of-care applications.
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García-Milán V, Franco A, Zvezdanova ME, Marcos S, Martin-Laez R, Moreno F, Velasquez C, Fernandez-Luna JL. Discriminating Glioblastoma from Peritumoral Tissue by a Nanohole Array-Based Optical and Label-Free Biosensor. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:591. [PMID: 37366956 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In glioblastoma (GBM) patients, maximal safe resection remains a challenge today due to its invasiveness and diffuse parenchymal infiltration. In this context, plasmonic biosensors could potentially help to discriminate tumor tissue from peritumoral parenchyma based on differences in their optical properties. A nanostructured gold biosensor was used ex vivo to identify tumor tissue in a prospective series of 35 GBM patients who underwent surgical treatment. For each patient, two paired samples, tumor and peritumoral tissue, were extracted. Then, the imprint left by each sample on the surface of the biosensor was individually analyzed, obtaining the difference between their refractive indices. The tumor and non-tumor origins of each tissue were assessed by histopathological analysis. The refractive index (RI) values obtained by analyzing the imprint of the tissue were significantly lower (p = 0.0047) in the peritumoral samples (1.341, Interquartile Range (IQR) 1.339-1.349) compared with the tumor samples (1.350, IQR 1.344-1.363). The ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve showed the capacity of the biosensor to discriminate between both tissues (area under the curve, 0.8779, p < 0.0001). The Youden index provided an optimal RI cut-off point of 0.003. The sensitivity and specificity of the biosensor were 81% and 80%, respectively. Overall, the plasmonic-based nanostructured biosensor is a label-free system with the potential to be used for real-time intraoperative discrimination between tumor and peritumoral tissue in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor García-Milán
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Spine Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Alfredo Franco
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39012 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Sara Marcos
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Rubén Martin-Laez
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Spine Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Fernando Moreno
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39012 Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Velasquez
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Spine Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39012 Santander, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - José L Fernandez-Luna
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39012 Santander, Spain
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
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7
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Han W, Reiter S, Schlipf J, Mai C, Spirito D, Jose J, Wenger C, Fischer IA. Strongly enhanced sensitivities of CMOS compatible plasmonic titanium nitride nanohole arrays for refractive index sensing under oblique incidence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:17389-17407. [PMID: 37381475 DOI: 10.1364/oe.481993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) is a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible material with large potential for the fabrication of plasmonic structures suited for device integration. However, the comparatively large optical losses can be detrimental for application. This work reports a CMOS compatible TiN nanohole array (NHA) on top of a multilayer stack for potential use in integrated refractive index sensing with high sensitivities at wavelengths between 800 and 1500 nm. The stack, consisting of the TiN NHA on a silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer with Si as substrate (TiN NHA/SiO2/Si), is prepared using an industrial CMOS compatible process. The TiN NHA/SiO2/Si shows Fano resonances in reflectance spectra under oblique excitation, which are well reproduced by simulation using both finite difference time domain (FDTD) and rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) methods. The sensitivities derived from spectroscopic characterizations increase with the increasing incident angle and match well with the simulated sensitivities. Our systematic simulation-based investigation of the sensitivity of the TiN NHA/SiO2/Si stack under varied conditions reveals that very large sensitivities up to 2305 nm per refractive index unit (nm RIU-1) are predicted when the refractive index of superstrate is similar to that of the SiO2 layer. We analyze in detail how the interplay between plasmonic and photonic resonances such as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), Rayleigh Anomalies (RAs), and photonic microcavity modes (Fabry-Pérot resonances) contributes to this result. This work not only reveals the tunability of TiN nanostructures for plasmonic applications but also paves the way to explore efficient devices for sensing in broad conditions.
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Du B, Xu Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Plasmonic Functionality of Optical Fiber Tips: Mechanisms, Fabrications, and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093596. [PMID: 37176478 PMCID: PMC10180505 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical fiber tips with the flat end-facets functionalized take the special advantages of easy fabrication, compactness, and ready-integration among the community of optical fiber devices. Combined with plasmonic structures, the fiber tips draw a significant growth of interest addressing diverse functions. This review aims to present and summarize the plasmonic functionality of optical fiber tips with the current state of the art. Firstly, the mechanisms of plasmonic phenomena are introduced in order to illustrate the tip-compatible plasmonic nanostructures. Then, the strategies of plasmonic functionalities on fiber tips are analyzed and compared. Moreover, the classical applications of plasmonic fiber tips are reviewed. Finally, the challenges and prospects for future opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Du
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunfan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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9
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Liang L, Qin F, Wang S, Wu J, Li R, Wang Z, Ren M, Liu D, Wang D, Astruc D. Overview of the materials design and sensing strategies of nanopore devices. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Wang L, Li H, Zheng J, Li L. Extremely Ultranarrow Linewidth Based on Low-Symmetry Al Nanoellipse Metasurface. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:92. [PMID: 36616002 PMCID: PMC9824327 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures with ultranarrow linewidths are of great significance in numerous applications, such as optical sensing, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and imaging. The traditional plasmonic nanostructures generally consist of gold and silver materials, which are unavailable in the ultraviolet (UV) or deep-ultraviolet (DUV) regions. However, electronic absorption bands of many important biomolecules are mostly located in the UV or DUV regions. Therefore, researchers are eager to realize ultranarrow linewidth of plasmonic nanostructures in these regions. Aluminum (Al) plasmonic nanostructures are potential candidates for realizing the ultranarrow linewidth from the DUV to the near-infrared (NIR) regions. Nevertheless, realizing ultranarrow linewidth below 5 nm remains a challenge in the UV or DUV regions for Al plasmonic nanostructures. In this study, we theoretically designed low-symmetry an Al nanoellipse metasurface on the Al substrate. An ultranarrow linewidth of 1.9 nm has been successfully obtained in the near-UV region (400 nm). Additionally, the ultranarrow linewidth has been successfully modulated to the DUV region by adjusting structural parameters. This work aims to provide a theoretical basis and prediction for the applications, such as UV sensing and UV-SERS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ling Li
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.L.)
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11
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Plasmonic Biosensing for Label-Free Detection of Two Hallmarks of Cancer Cells: Cell-Matrix Interaction and Cell Division. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090674. [PMID: 36140059 PMCID: PMC9496138 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two key features of cancer cells are sustained proliferation and invasion, which is preceded by a modification of the adhesion properties to the extracellular matrix. Currently, fluorescence-based techniques are mainly used to detect these processes, including flow cytometry and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy. We have previously described a simple, fast and label-free method based on a gold nanohole array biosensor to detect the spectral response of single cells, which is highly dependent on the actin cortex. Here we used this biosensor to study two cellular processes where configuration of the actin cortex plays an essential role: cell cycle and cell–matrix adhesion. Colorectal cancer cells were maintained in culture under different conditions to obtain cells stopped either in G0/G1 (resting cells/cells at the initial steps of cell growth) or G2 (cells undergoing division) phases of the cell cycle. Data from the nanohole array biosensor showed an ability to discriminate between both cell populations. Additionally, cancer cells were monitored with the biosensor during the first 60 min after cells were deposited onto a biosensor coated with fibronectin, an extracellular matrix protein. Spectral changes were detected in the first 20 min and increased over time as the cell–biosensor contact surface increased. Our data show that the nanohole array biosensor provides a label-free and real-time procedure to detect cells undergoing division or changes in cell–matrix interaction in both clinical and research settings.
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12
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Qiu T, Akinoglu EM, Luo B, Konarova M, Yun JH, Gentle IR, Wang L. Nanosphere Lithography: A Versatile Approach to Develop Transparent Conductive Films for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103842. [PMID: 35119141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive films (TCFs) are irreplaceable components in most optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, sensors, smart windows, and bioelectronics. The shortcomings of existing traditional transparent conductors demand the development of new material systems that are both transparent and electrically conductive, with variable functionality to meet the requirements of new generation optoelectronic devices. In this respect, TCFs with periodic or irregular nanomesh structures have recently emerged as promising candidates, which possess superior mechanical properties in comparison with conventional metal oxide TCFs. Among the methods for nanomesh TCFs fabrication, nanosphere lithography (NSL) has proven to be a versatile platform, with which a wide range of morphologically distinct nanomesh TCFs have been demonstrated. These materials are not only functionally diverse, but also have advantages in terms of device compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive description of the NSL process and its most relevant derivatives to fabricate nanomesh TCFs. The structure-property relationships of these materials are elaborated and an overview of their application in different technologies across disciplines related to optoelectronics is given. It is concluded with a perspective on current shortcomings and future directions to further advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Qiu
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Eser Metin Akinoglu
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 526238, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Bin Luo
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Muxina Konarova
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jung-Ho Yun
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Cell-Based Chemical Safety Assessment and Therapeutic Discovery Using Array-Based Sensors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073672. [PMID: 35409032 PMCID: PMC8998465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemicals are widely used in food, agriculture, and medicine, making chemical safety assessments necessary for environmental exposure. In addition, the rapid determination of chemical drug efficacy and safety is a key step in therapeutic discoveries. Cell-based screening methods are non-invasive as compared with animal studies. Cellular phenotypic changes can also provide more sensitive indicators of chemical effects than conventional cell viability. Array-based cell sensors can be engineered to maximize sensitivity to changes in cell phenotypes, lowering the threshold for detecting cellular responses under external stimuli. Overall, array-based sensing can provide a robust strategy for both cell-based chemical risk assessments and therapeutics discovery.
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14
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Complete experimental and theoretical characterization of nonlinear concentration gradient generator microfluidic device for analytical purposes. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 189:11. [PMID: 34866167 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices that generate stable concentration gradients are efficient instruments for automated calibration for analytical and bioanalytical systems. However, little attention has been paid to the development of reusable microfluidic concentration gradient generators, which can be useful for a range of species through mathematical characterization. In this work, we develop a microfluidic device based on three steps of serial dilution that were able to generate nonlinear concentration gradient for dyes and biomolecules. The microfluidic device was described mathematically, statistically and was suitable for reusable analytical and bioanalytical analysis. The device reproducibility was assessed by experimental tests, which have shown the same gradient concentration profile for different dyes and statistical reproducibility with 95% confidence interval for bovine serum albumin (BSA). Moreover, the experimental data converged well with those obtained by computational fluid dynamics simulation. Applicability was verified by coupling the microfluidic device to a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, based on nanohole arrays with sensitivity of 358.7 nm RIU-1 determined by white-light SPR excitation exposed to different D-(+)-glucose aqueous solutions with 1.3361-1.4035 refractive index interval. The transmission light intensities obtained by the array of images allowed to quantify a pseudo-unknown BSA sample (160 µg mL-1) at 138 µg mL-1. The SPR analysis has been validated in parallel by fluorescence emissions, which showed a concentration of 154.8 ± 16.6 µg mL-1.
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15
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A Study on Fabrication Process of Gold Microdisk Arrays by the Direct Imprinting Method Using a PET Film Mold. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11121452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient nanofabrication process of metal microdisk arrays using direct imprinting was developed. This process was comprised of three steps; sputter etching on the quartz glass substrate, gold thin film deposition on an etched surface of a substrate, and transfer imprinting using a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film mold on the Au thin film. A new idea to utilize a PET film mold for disk patterning by the nano transfer imprinting was examined. The PET film mold was prepared by thermally embossing the pillar pattern of a master mold on the PET film. The master mold was prepared from a silicon wafer. The PET film mold was used for transfer imprinting on a metal film deposited on a quartz substrate. The experimental results revealed that the PET film mold can effectively form gold micro-disk arrays on the Au film despite the PET film mold being softer than the Au film. This method can control the distribution and orientation of the nano-arrays on the disk. The plasmonic properties of the gold micro-disk arrays are studied and the absorbance spectrum exhibit depends on the distribution and orientation of gold micro-disk patterns. The nano-transfer imprinting technique is useful for fabricating metallic microdisk arrays on substrate as a plasmonic device.
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16
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Mekawey H, Ismail Y, Swillam M. Extraordinary optical transmission in silicon nanoholes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21546. [PMID: 34732796 PMCID: PMC8566559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, for the first time, a study was conducted of the existence of Extraordinary Optical Transmission (EOT) in Silicon (Si) thin films with subwavelength holes array and high excess carrier concentration. Typically EOT is studied in opaque perforated metal films. Using Si would bring EOT and its many applications to the silicon photonics realm and the mid-IR range. Since Si thin film is a semi-transparent film in mid-IR, a generalization was proposed of the normalized transmission metric used in literature for EOT studies in opaque films. The plasma dispersion effect was introduced into the studied perforated Si film through either doping or carriers' generation. Careful consideration for the differences in optical response modeling in both cases was given. Full-wave simulation and analysis showed an enhanced transmission when using Si with excess carriers, mimicking the enhancement reported in perforated metallic films. EOT was found in the mid-IR instead of the visible range which is the case in metallic films. The case of Si with generated excess carriers showed a mid-IR EOT peak reaching 157% around 6.68 µm, while the phosphorus-doped Si case showed a transmission enhancement of 152% around 8.6 µm. The effect of varying the holes' dimensions and generated carriers' concentration on the transmission was studied. The analogy of the relation between the fundamental mode cutoff and the EOT peak wavelength in the case of Si to the case of metal such as silver was studied and verified. The perforated Si thin film transmission sensitivity for a change in the refractive index of the holes and surroundings material was investigated. Also, a study of the device potential in sensing the hole and surroundings materials that have almost the same refractive index yet with different absorption fingerprints was performed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam Mekawey
- School of Science and Engineering, Center of Nanoelectronics and Devices (CND), The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yehea Ismail
- School of Science and Engineering, Center of Nanoelectronics and Devices (CND), The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Swillam
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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Tan J, Wen Y, Li M. Emerging biosensing platforms for quantitative detection of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Peng X, Kotnala A, Rajeeva BB, Wang M, Yao K, Bhatt N, Penley D, Zheng Y. Plasmonic Nanotweezers and Nanosensors for Point-of-Care Applications. ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2021; 9:2100050. [PMID: 34434691 PMCID: PMC8382230 DOI: 10.1002/adom.202100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The capabilities of manipulating and analyzing biological cells, bacteria, viruses, DNAs, and proteins at high resolution are significant in understanding biology and enabling early disease diagnosis. We discuss progress in developments and applications of plasmonic nanotweezers and nanosensors where the plasmon-enhanced light-matter interactions at the nanoscale improve the optical manipulation and analysis of biological objects. Selected examples are presented to illustrate their design and working principles. In the context of plasmofluidics, which merges plasmonics and fluidics, the integration of plasmonic nanotweezers and nanosensors with microfluidic systems for point-of-care (POC) applications is envisioned. We provide our perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in further developing and applying the plasmofluidic POC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Peng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Abhay Kotnala
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Bharath Bangalore Rajeeva
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kan Yao
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Neel Bhatt
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Daniel Penley
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Yu T, Xianyu Y. Array-Based Biosensors for Bacteria Detection: From the Perspective of Recognition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006230. [PMID: 33870615 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Array-based biosensors have shown as effective and powerful tools to distinguish intricate mixtures with infinitesimal differences among analytes such as nucleic acids, proteins, microorganisms, and other biomolecules. In array-based bacterial sensing, the recognition of bacteria is the initial step that can crucially influence the analytical performance of a biosensor array. Bacteria recognition as well as the signal readout and mathematical analysis are indispensable to ensure the discrimination ability of array-based biosensors. Strategies for bacteria recognition mainly include the specific interaction between biomolecules and the corresponding receptors on bacteria, the noncovalent interaction between materials and bacteria, and the specific targeting of bacterial metabolites. In this review, recent advances in array-based bacteria sensors are discussed from the perspective of bacteria recognition relying on the characteristics of different bacteria. Principles of bacteria recognition and signal readout for bacteria detection are highlighted as well as the discussion on future trends in array-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
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20
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Plasmonic Biosensors for Single-Molecule Biomedical Analysis. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11040123. [PMID: 33921010 PMCID: PMC8071374 DOI: 10.3390/bios11040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of epidemic diseases (i.e., coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)) has contributed to focus global attention on the diagnosis of medical conditions by ultrasensitive detection methods. To overcome this challenge, increasing efforts have been driven towards the development of single-molecule analytical platforms. In this context, recent progress in plasmonic biosensing has enabled the design of novel detection strategies capable of targeting individual molecules while evaluating their binding affinity and biological interactions. This review compiles the latest advances in plasmonic technologies for monitoring clinically relevant biomarkers at the single-molecule level. Functional applications are discussed according to plasmonic sensing modes based on either nanoapertures or nanoparticle approaches. A special focus was devoted to new analytical developments involving a wide variety of analytes (e.g., proteins, living cells, nucleic acids and viruses). The utility of plasmonic-based single-molecule analysis for personalized medicine, considering technological limitations and future prospects, is also overviewed.
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21
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Nair S, Gomez-Cruz J, Ascanio G, Docoslis A, Sabat RG, Escobedo C. Cicada Wing Inspired Template-Stripped SERS Active 3D Metallic Nanostructures for the Detection of Toxic Substances. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051699. [PMID: 33801222 PMCID: PMC7957863 DOI: 10.3390/s21051699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article introduces a bioinspired, cicada wing-like surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate based on template-stripped crossed surface relief grating (TS-CSRG). The substrate is polarization-independent, has tunable nanofeatures and can be fabricated in a cleanroom-free environment via holographic exposure followed by template-stripping using a UV-curable resin. The bioinspired nanostructures in the substrate are strategically designed to minimize the reflection of light for wavelengths shorter than their periodicity, promoting enhanced plasmonic regions for the Raman excitation wavelength at 632.8 nm over a large area. The grating pitch that enables an effective SERS signal is studied using Rhodamine 6G, with enhancement factors of the order of 1 × 104. Water contact angle measurements reveal that the TS-CSRGs are equally hydrophobic to cicada wings, providing them with potential self-cleaning and bactericidal properties. Finite-difference time-domain simulations are used to validate the nanofabrication parameters and to further confirm the polarization-independent electromagnetic field enhancement of the nanostructures. As a real-world application, label-free detection of melamine up to 1 ppm, the maximum concentration of the contaminant in food permitted by the World Health Organization, is demonstrated. The new bioinspired functional TS-CSRG SERS substrate holds great potential as a large-area, label-free SERS-active substrate for medical and biochemical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Nair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.N.); (J.G.-C.); (A.D.)
| | - Juan Gomez-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.N.); (J.G.-C.); (A.D.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico (ICAT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cto. Exterior S/N, C.U., Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Ascanio
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico (ICAT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cto. Exterior S/N, C.U., Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Aristides Docoslis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.N.); (J.G.-C.); (A.D.)
| | - Ribal Georges Sabat
- Department of Physics and Space Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada;
| | - Carlos Escobedo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.N.); (J.G.-C.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Xu T, Geng Z. Strategies to improve performances of LSPR biosensing: Structure, materials, and interface modification. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 174:112850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Lenyk B, Figueroa‐Miranda G, Pavlushko I, Lo Y, Tanner JA, Offenhäusser A, Mayer D. Dual‐Transducer Malaria Aptasensor Combining Electrochemical Impedance and Surface Plasmon Polariton Detection on Gold Nanohole Arrays. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Lenyk
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich 52428 Jülich Germany
- Department of Physics University of Konstanz 78464 Konstanz Germany
| | - Gabriela Figueroa‐Miranda
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich 52428 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Aachen 52062 Germany
| | - Ivan Pavlushko
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich 52428 Jülich Germany
- Faculty of Radio Physics Electronics and Computer Systems Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv 03680 Ukraine
| | - Young Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Julian A. Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich 52428 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Aachen 52062 Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich 52428 Jülich Germany
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24
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Wang X, Wang H. Self-assembled nitride-metal nanocomposites: recent progress and future prospects. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20564-20579. [PMID: 33090168 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-phase nanocomposites have gained significant research interest because of their multifunctionalities, tunable geometries and potential device applications. Different from the previously demonstrated oxide-oxide 2-phase nanocomposites, coupling nitrides with metals shows high potential for building alternative hybrid plasmonic metamaterials towards chemical sensing, tunable plasmonics, and nonlinear optics. Unique advantages, including distinct atomic interface, excellent crystalline quality, large-scale surface coverage and durable solid-state platform, address the high demand for new hybrid metamaterial designs for versatile optical material needs. This review summarizes the recent progress on nitride-metal nanocomposites, specifically targeting bottom-up self-assembled nanocomposite thin films. Various morphologies including vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs), self-organized nanoinclusions, and nanoholes fabricated by additional chemical treatments are introduced. Starting from thin film nucleation and growth, the prerequisites of successful strain coupling and the underlying growth mechanisms are discussed. These findings facilitate a better control of tunable nanostructures and optical functionalities. Future research directions are proposed, including morphological control of the secondary phase to enhance its homogeneity, coupling nitrides with magnetic phase for the magneto-optical effect and growing all-ceramic nanocomposites to extend functionalities and anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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25
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Cesaria M, Taurino A, Manera MG, Rella R. Short-range ordered 2D nanoholes: lattice-model and novel insight into the impact of coordination geometry and packing on their propagating-mode transmittance features. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4133-4146. [PMID: 36132775 PMCID: PMC9418837 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optically thin perforated gold films, fabricated using template colloidal masks self-assembled by following an elsewhere described simplified colloidal lithography protocol, are presented and discussed with the aim to develop a theory of short-range ordered nanoholes without straightforwardly extending concepts strictly related to periodic nanoholes. By Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the evolution of nanohole short-range ordering and spatial coordination geometry under increasing interhole average spacing (d NN), unprecedented differences in the spectroscopic response are pointed out with respect to periodic systems. First, the dependence of the wavelength of a propagating plasmon mode on d NN is demonstrated to deviate from the linear relationship predicted by the grating-coupling picture developed for periodic arrays. Second, d NN cannot be straightforwardly interpreted as the counterpart of the lattice constant of periodic nanoholes, which demands to introduce a conceptually more rigorous periodicity-like length-scale. Once the impact of these findings on setting the operating parameters of a nanohole distribution is demonstrated, they are related, experimentally and by using a theoretical model developed by the authors, to the changes of the local coordination geometry (from quasi-hexagonal to quasi-square packing through mixed hexagonal-square coordination) induced by varying d NN over a wide interval. Autocorrelation analysis of SEM images is exploited to estimate a short-range periodicity-like length-scale, as a conceptual advance for laying the foundation of the concept of short-range ordered nanohole lattices and for deeper insight into the spectral response. As discussion is based on realistic, rather than simulated, evolution of colloidal arrangements, the formulated interpretative model accounts for realistic effects impacting transmission resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Cesaria
- IMM-CNR Lecce, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems Campus Ecotekne, prov. le per Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Antonietta Taurino
- IMM-CNR Lecce, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems Campus Ecotekne, prov. le per Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Manera
- IMM-CNR Lecce, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems Campus Ecotekne, prov. le per Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Roberto Rella
- IMM-CNR Lecce, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems Campus Ecotekne, prov. le per Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
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26
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Mauriz E. Recent Progress in Plasmonic Biosensing Schemes for Virus Detection. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20174745. [PMID: 32842601 PMCID: PMC7506724 DOI: 10.3390/s20174745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to public health and global economy has stressed the need for rapid and simple diagnostic methods. From this perspective, plasmonic-based biosensing can manage the threat of infectious diseases by providing timely virus monitoring. In recent years, many plasmonics’ platforms have embraced the challenge of offering on-site strategies to complement traditional diagnostic methods relying on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). This review compiled recent progress on the development of novel plasmonic sensing schemes for the effective control of virus-related diseases. A special focus was set on the utilization of plasmonic nanostructures in combination with other detection formats involving colorimetric, fluorescence, luminescence, or Raman scattering enhancement. The quantification of different viruses (e.g., hepatitis virus, influenza virus, norovirus, dengue virus, Ebola virus, Zika virus) with particular attention to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reviewed from the perspective of the biomarker and the biological receptor immobilized on the sensor chip. Technological limitations including selectivity, stability, and monitoring in biological matrices were also reviewed for different plasmonic-sensing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Mauriz
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain;
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain
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27
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Mauriz E. Low-Fouling Substrates for Plasmonic Sensing of Circulating Biomarkers in Biological Fluids. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10060063. [PMID: 32531908 PMCID: PMC7345924 DOI: 10.3390/bios10060063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of biomarkers in body fluids provides valuable prognostic information regarding disease onset and progression. Most biosensing approaches use noninvasive screening tools and are conducted in order to improve early clinical diagnosis. However, biofouling of the sensing surface may disturb the quantification of circulating biomarkers in complex biological fluids. Thus, there is a great need for antifouling interfaces to be designed in order to reduce nonspecific adsorption and prevent inactivation of biological receptors and loss of sensitivity. To address these limitations and enable their application in clinical practice, a variety of plasmonic platforms have been recently developed for biomarker analysis in easily accessible biological fluids. This review presents an overview of the latest advances in the design of antifouling strategies for the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers on the basis of the characteristics of biological samples. The impact of nanoplasmonic biosensors as point-of-care devices has been examined for a wide range of biomarkers associated with cancer, inflammatory, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical applications in readily obtainable biofluids such as blood, saliva, urine, tears and cerebrospinal and synovial fluids, covering almost the whole range of plasmonic applications, from surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elba Mauriz
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24071 León, Spain;
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ICTAL), La Serna 58, 24007 León, Spain
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28
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Ueno H, Maruo K, Inoue M, Kotera H, Suzuki T. Cell Culture on Low-Fluorescence and High-Resolution Photoresist. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11060571. [PMID: 32512915 PMCID: PMC7345055 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
2D and 3D topographic cues made of photoresist, a polymer, are used for cell culture and cell analysis. Photoresists used for cell analysis provide the surface conditions necessary for proper cell growth, along with patterning properties of a wide range and high precision, and low auto-fluorescence that does not affect fluorescence imaging. In this study, we developed a thick negative photoresist SJI-001 possessing the aforementioned properties. We evaluated the surface conditions of SJI-001 affecting cell culture. First, we studied the wettability of SJI-001, which was changed by plasma treatment, conducted as a pretreatment on a plastic substrate before cell seeding. SJI-001 was more chemically stable than SU-8 used for fabricating the micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). Furthermore, the doubling time and adhesion rate of adherent HeLa cells cultured on untreated SJI-001 were 25.2 h and 74%, respectively, thus indicating its suitability for cell culture over SU-8. In addition, we fabricated a cell culture plate with a 3D lattice structure, three micrometers in size, using SJI-001. HeLa cells seeded on this plate remained attached over five days. Therefore, SJI-001 exhibits surface conditions suitable for cell culture and has several bioapplications including microstructures and cell chips for cell culture and cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Ueno
- Division of Mechanical Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan;
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
| | - Katsuya Maruo
- Innovation Park, Daicel Corporation, Himeji 671-1283, Japan;
| | - Masatoshi Inoue
- Division of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Kagawa University, Takamatsu 761-0396, Japan;
| | | | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Division of Mechanical Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-277-30-1579
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29
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Berzinš J, Indrišiūnas S, van Erve K, Nagarajan A, Fasold S, Steinert M, Gerini G, Gečys P, Pertsch T, Bäumer SMB, Setzpfandt F. Direct and High-Throughput Fabrication of Mie-Resonant Metasurfaces via Single-Pulse Laser Interference. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6138-6149. [PMID: 32310637 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
High-index dielectric metasurfaces featuring Mie-type electric and magnetic resonances have been of great interest in a variety of applications such as imaging, sensing, photovoltaics, and others, which led to the necessity of an efficient large-scale fabrication technique. To address this, here we demonstrate the use of single-pulse laser interference for direct patterning of an amorphous silicon film into an array of Mie resonators a few hundred nanometers in diameter. The proposed technique is based on laser-interference-induced dewetting. A precise control of the laser pulse energy enables the fabrication of ordered dielectric metasurfaces in areas spanning tens of micrometers and consisting of thousands of hemispherical nanoparticles with a single laser shot. The fabricated nanoparticles exhibit a wavelength-dependent optical response with a strong electric dipole signature. Variation of the predeposited silicon film thickness allows tailoring of the resonances in the targeted visible and infrared spectral ranges. Such direct and high-throughput fabrication is a step toward a simple realization of spatially invariant metasurface-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Berzinš
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Optics Department, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Stieltjesweg 1, 2628CK Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Simonas Indrišiūnas
- Department of Laser Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Avenue 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Koen van Erve
- Optics Department, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Stieltjesweg 1, 2628CK Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arvind Nagarajan
- Optics Department, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Stieltjesweg 1, 2628CK Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Fasold
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Giampiero Gerini
- Optics Department, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Stieltjesweg 1, 2628CK Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Paulius Gečys
- Department of Laser Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanoriu Avenue 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Thomas Pertsch
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan M B Bäumer
- Optics Department, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Stieltjesweg 1, 2628CK Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Setzpfandt
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
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30
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Kotlarek D, Fossati S, Venugopalan P, Gisbert Quilis N, Slabý J, Homola J, Lequeux M, Amiard F, Lamy de la Chapelle M, Jonas U, Dostálek J. Actuated plasmonic nanohole arrays for sensing and optical spectroscopy applications. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9756-9768. [PMID: 32324184 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00761g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new approach to rapidly actuate the plasmonic characteristics of thin gold films perforated with nanohole arrays that are coupled with arrays of gold nanoparticles. The near-field interaction between the localized and propagating surface plasmon modes supported by the structure was actively modulated by changing the distance between the nanoholes and nanoparticles and varying the refractive index symmetry of the structure. This approach was applied by using a thin responsive hydrogel cushion, which swelled and collapsed by a temperature stimulus. The detailed experimental study of the changes and interplay of localized and propagating surface plasmons was complemented by numerical simulations. We demonstrate that the interrogation and excitation of the optical resonance to these modes allow the label-free SPR observation of the binding of biomolecules, and is applicable for in situ SERS studies of low molecular weight molecules attached in the gap between the nanoholes and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kotlarek
- Biosensor Technologies, AIT-Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
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Li J, Han D, Zeng J, Deng J, Hu N, Yang J. Multi-channel surface plasmon resonance biosensor using prism-based wavelength interrogation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:14007-14017. [PMID: 32403864 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A portable multi-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor device using prism-based wavelength interrogation is presented. LEDs were adopted as a simple and inexpensive light source, providing a stable spectrum bandwidth for the SPR system. The parallel light was obtained by a collimated unit and illuminated on the sensing chip at a specific angle. A simple, compact and cost-effective spectrometer part constituted of a series of lenses and a prism was designed for the collection of reflected light. Using the multi-channel microfluidic chip as the sensing component, spectral images of multiple tests could be acquired simultaneously, improving the signal processing and detection throughput. Different concentrations of sodium chloride aqueous solution were used to calibrate the device. The linear detection range was 4.32 × 10-2 refractive index units (RIU) and the limit of detection was 6.38 × 10-5 RIU. Finally, the performance of the miniaturized SPR system was evaluated by the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG).
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32
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Zhao E, Lai P, Xu Y, Zhang G, Chen S. Fluorescent Materials With Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics for Array-Based Sensing Assay. Front Chem 2020; 8:288. [PMID: 32391322 PMCID: PMC7193080 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Array-based sensing is a powerful tool for identifying analytes in complex environments with unknown interferences. In array-based sensing, the sensors, which transduce binding details to signal outputs, are of crucial importance for identifying analytes. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) enjoy the advantages of easy synthesis and high sensitivity, which enable them to facilely form a sensor pool through structural modifications and sensitively reflect the subtle changes associated with binding events. All these features make AIEgens excellent candidates for array-based sensing, and attempts have been made by several research groups to explore their potentials in array-based sensing. In this review, we introduce the recent progresses of employing AIEgens as sensors in sensing assays and in building up sensor arrays for identification of varied biological analytes, including biomolecules and bacteria. Examples are selected to illustrate the working mechanism, probe design and selection, capability of the sensor array, and implications of these sensing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engui Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology and Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Puxiang Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongjun Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology and Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology and Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong, China
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Bdour Y, Gomez-Cruz J, Escobedo C. Structural Stability of Optofluidic Nanostructures in Flow-Through Operation. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E373. [PMID: 32252344 PMCID: PMC7230979 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Optofluidic sensors based on periodic arrays of subwavelength apertures that support surface plasmon resonance can be employed as both optical sensors and nanofluidic structures. In flow-through operation, the nanoapertures experience pressure differences across the substrate in which they are fabricated, which imposes the risk for structural failure. This work presents an investigation of the deflection and structural stability of nanohole array-based optofluidic sensors operating in flow-through mode. The analysis was approached using experiments, simulations via finite element method, and established theoretical models. The results depict that certain areas of the sensor deflect under pressure, with some regions suffering high mechanical stress. The offset in the deflection values between theoretical models and actual experimental values is overturned when only the effective area of the substrate, of 450 µm, is considered. Experimental, theoretical, and simulation results suggest that the periodic nanostructures can safely operate under trans-membrane pressures of up to 20 psi, which induce deflections of up to ~20 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Bdour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (Y.B.); (J.G.-C.)
| | - Juan Gomez-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (Y.B.); (J.G.-C.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología (ICAT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Carlos Escobedo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (Y.B.); (J.G.-C.)
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34
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Abou Saleh A, Rudenko A, Reynaud S, Pigeon F, Garrelie F, Colombier JP. Sub-100 nm 2D nanopatterning on a large scale by ultrafast laser energy regulation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:6609-6616. [PMID: 32163060 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09625f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coupling ultrafast light irradiation to surface nanoreliefs leads to periodic patterns, achieving record processing scales down to tens of nanometers. Driven by near-field interactions, the promising potential of the spontaneous pattern formation relies on the scaling up of one-step manufacturing processes. Here, we report the self-assembly of unconventional arrays of nanocavities of 20 nm diameter with a periodicity down to 60 nm upon ultrafast laser irradiation of a nickel surface. In stark contrast to laser-induced surface ripples, which are stochastic and suffer from a lack of regularity, the 2D patterns present an unprecedented uniformity on extreme scales. The onset of nanocavity arrays ordered in a honeycomb lattice is achieved by overcoming the anisotropic polarization response of the surface by a delayed action of cross-polarized laser pulses. The origin of this self-arrangement is identified as a manifestation of Marangoni convection instability in a nanoscale melt layer, destabilized by the laser-induced rarefaction wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Abou Saleh
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR CNRS 5516, F-42023 St-Etienne, France.
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35
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Wang X, Ma X, Shi E, Lu P, Dou L, Zhang X, Wang H. Large-Scale Plasmonic Hybrid Framework with Built-In Nanohole Array as Multifunctional Optical Sensing Platforms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906459. [PMID: 32072751 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light coupling with patterned subwavelength hole arrays induces enhanced transmission supported by the strong surface plasmon mode. In this work, a nanostructured plasmonic framework with vertically built-in nanohole arrays at deep-subwavelength scale (6 nm) is demonstrated using a two-step fabrication method. The nanohole arrays are formed first by the growth of a high-quality two-phase (i.e., Au-TiN) vertically aligned nanocomposite template, followed by selective wet-etching of the metal (Au). Such a plasmonic nanohole film owns high epitaxial quality with large surface coverage and the structure can be tailored as either fully etched or half-way etched nanoholes via careful control of the etching process. The chemically inert and plasmonic TiN plays a role in maintaining sharp hole boundary and preventing lattice distortion. Optical properties such as enhanced transmittance and anisotropic dielectric function in the visible regime are demonstrated. Numerical simulation suggests an extended surface plasmon mode and strong field enhancement at the hole edges. Two demonstrations, including the enhanced and modulated photoluminescence by surface coupling with 2D perovskite nanoplates and the refractive index sensing by infiltrating immersion liquids, suggest the great potential of such plasmonic nanohole array for reusable surface plasmon-enhanced sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Enzheng Shi
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ping Lu
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xinghang Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
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36
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Circular Dichroism in Low-Cost Plasmonics: 2D Arrays of Nanoholes in Silver. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10041316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arrays of nanoholes in metal are important plasmonic devices, proposed for applications spanning from biosensing to communications. In this work, we show that in such arrays the symmetry can be broken by means of the elliptical shape of the nanoholes, combined with the in-plane tilt of the ellipse axes away from the array symmetry lines. The array then differently interacts with circular polarizations of opposite handedness at normal incidence, i.e., it becomes intrinsically chiral. The measure of this difference is called circular dichroism (CD). The nanosphere lithography combined with tilted silver evaporation was employed as a low-cost fabrication technique. In this paper, we demonstrate intrinsic chirality and CD by measuring the extinction in the near-infrared range. We further employ numerical analysis to visualize the circular polarization coupling with the nanostructure. We find a good agreement between simulations and the experiment, meaning that the optimization can be used to further increase CD.
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37
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Abstract
Chiral nanohole array (CNA) films are fabricated by a simple and efficient shadow sphere lithography (SSL) method and achieve label-free enantiodiscrimination of biomolecules and drug molecules at the picogram level. The intrinsic mirror symmetry of the structure is broken by three subsequent depositions onto non-close packed nanosphere monolayers with different polar and azimuthal angles. Giant chiro-optical responses with a transmission as high as 45%, a chirality of 21°μm-1, and a g-factor of 0.17, respectively, are generated, which are among the largest values that have been reported in the literature. Such properties are due to the local rotating current density generated by a surface plasmon polariton as well as a strong local rotating field produced by localized surface plasmon resonance, which leads to the excitation of substantial local superchiral fields. The 70 nm-thick CNAs can achieve label-free enantiodiscrimination of biomolecules and drug molecules at the picogram level as demonstrated experimentally. All these advantages make the CNAs ready for low-cost, high-performance, and ultracompact polarization converters and label-free chiral sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ai
- School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China 400044. and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio perception & Intelligent Information Processing, Chongqing, P.R. China 400044
| | - Hoang M Luong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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38
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Prakash G, Srivastava RK, Gupta SN, Sood AK. Plasmon-induced efficient hot carrier generation in graphene on gold ultrathin film with periodic array of holes: Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234712. [PMID: 31864269 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using ultrafast pump-probe reflectivity with a 3.1 eV pump and coherent white light probe (1.1-2.6 eV), we show that graphene on gold nanostructures exhibits a strong coupling to the plasmonic resonances of the ordered lattice hole array, thus injecting a high density of hot carriers in graphene through plasmons. The system being studied is single-layer graphene on an ultrathin film of gold with periodic arrangements of holes showing anomalous transmission. A comparison is made with gold film with and without hole array. By selectively probing transient carrier dynamics in the spectral regions corresponding to plasmonic resonances, we show efficient plasmon induced hot carrier generation in graphene. We also show that due to high electromagnetic field intensities at the edge of the submicron holes, fast decay time (10-100 fs), and short decay length (1 nm) of plasmons, a highly confined density of hot carriers (very close to the edge of the holes) is generated by Landau damping of plasmons within the holey gold film. A contribution to transient decay dynamics due to the diffusion of the initial nonuniform distribution of hot carriers away from the hole edges is observed. Our results are important for future applications of novel hot carrier device concepts where hot carriers with tunable energy can be generated in different graphene regions connected seamlessly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Prakash
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | | | | | - A K Sood
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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39
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Hondrich TJJ, Lenyk B, Shokoohimehr P, Kireev D, Maybeck V, Mayer D, Offenhäusser A. MEA Recordings and Cell-Substrate Investigations with Plasmonic and Transparent, Tunable Holey Gold. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46451-46461. [PMID: 31752486 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays are widely used in different fields such as neurobiology or biomedicine to read out electrical signals from cells or biomolecules. One way to improve microelectrode applications is the development of novel electrode materials with enhanced or additional functionality. In this study, we fabricated macroelectrodes and microelectrode arrays containing gold penetrated by nanohole arrays as a conductive layer. We used this holey gold to optically excite surface plasmon polaritons, which lead to a strong increase in transparency, an effect that is further enhanced by the plasmon's interaction with cell culture medium. By varying the nanohole diameter in finite-difference time domain simulations, we demonstrate that the transmission can be increased to above 70% with its peak at a wavelength depending on the holey gold's lattice constant. Further, we demonstrate that the novel transparent microelectrode arrays are as suitable for recording cellular electrical activity as standard devices. Moreover, we prove using spectral measurements and finite-difference time domain simulations that plasmonically induced transmission peaks of holey gold red-shift upon sensing medium or cells in close vicinity (<30 nm) to the substrate. Thus, we establish plasmonic and transparent holey gold as a tunable material suitable for cellular electrical recordings and biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm J J Hondrich
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
- RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52062 , Germany
| | - Bohdan Lenyk
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
- Department of Physics , University of Konstanz , 78464 Konstanz , Germany
| | - Pegah Shokoohimehr
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
- RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52062 , Germany
| | - Dmitry Kireev
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Complex Systems, Bioelectronics (ICS-8) , Forschungszentrum Jülich , 52428 Jülich , Germany
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40
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Malekian B, Xiong K, Kang ESH, Andersson J, Emilsson G, Rommel M, Sannomiya T, Jonsson MP, Dahlin A. Optical properties of plasmonic nanopore arrays prepared by electron beam and colloidal lithography. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4282-4289. [PMID: 36134417 PMCID: PMC9418017 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00585d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Solid state nanopores are central structures for many applications. To date, much effort has been spent on controlled fabrication of single nanopores, while relatively little work has focused on large scale fabrication of arrays of nanopores. In this work we show wafer-scale fabrication of plasmonic nanopores in 50 nm thick silicon nitride membranes with one or two 30 nm gold films, using electron beam lithography with a negative resist or a new version of colloidal lithography. Both approaches offer good control of pore diameter (even below 100 nm) and with high yield (>90%) of intact membranes. Colloidal lithography has the advantage of parallel patterning without expensive equipment. Despite its serial nature, electron beam lithography provides high throughput and can make arbitrary array patterns. Importantly, both methods prevent metal from ending up on the membrane pore sidewalls. The new fabrication methods make it possible to compare the optical properties of structurally identical plasmonic nanopore arrays with either long-range order (e-beam) or short-range order (colloidal). The resonance features in the extinction spectrum are very similar for both structures when the pitch is the same as the characteristic spacing in the self-assembled colloidal pattern. Long-range ordering slightly enhances the magnitude of the extinction maximum and blueshift the transmission maximum by tens of nm. Upon reducing the diameter in long-range ordered arrays, the resonance is reduced in magnitude and the transmission maximum is further blue shifted, just like for short-range ordered arrays. These effects are well explained by interpreting the spectra as Fano interference between the grating-type excitation of propagating surface plasmons and the broad transmission via individual pores in the metal film. Furthermore, we find that only the short-range ordered arrays scatter light, which we attribute to the highly limited effective period in the short-range ordered system and the corresponding lack of coherent suppression of scattering by interference effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Malekian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kunli Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Evan S H Kang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - John Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Gustav Emilsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Marcus Rommel
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Takumi Sannomiya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering 4259 Nagatsuta Midoriku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Magnus P Jonsson
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University 60174 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Andreas Dahlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
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41
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Valsecchi C, Gomez Armas LE, Weber de Menezes J. Large Area Nanohole Arrays for Sensing Fabricated by Interference Lithography. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E2182. [PMID: 31083502 PMCID: PMC6539013 DOI: 10.3390/s19092182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Several fabrication techniques are recently used to produce a nanopattern for sensing, as focused ion beam milling (FIB), e-beam lithography (EBL), nanoimprinting, and soft lithography. Here, interference lithography is explored for the fabrication of large area nanohole arrays in metal films as an efficient, flexible, and scalable production method. The transmission spectra in air of the 1 cm2 substrate were evaluated to study the substrate behavior when hole-size, periodicity, and film thickness are varied, in order to elucidate the best sample for the most effective sensing performance. The efficiency of the nanohole array was tested for bulk sensing and compared with other platforms found in the literature. The sensitivity of ~1000 nm/RIU, achieved with an array periodicity in the visible range, exceeds near infrared (NIR) performances previously reported, and demonstrates that interference lithography is one of the best alternative to other expensive and time-consuming nanofabrication methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valsecchi
- Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Alegrete 97546-550, RS, Brazil.
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42
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Cesaria M, Taurino A, Manera MG, Minunni M, Scarano S, Rella R. Gold nanoholes fabricated by colloidal lithography: novel insights into nanofabrication, short-range correlation and optical properties. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8416-8432. [PMID: 30985849 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09911a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal lithography is widely used as a low cost and large-area deposition approach, alternative to the conventional small-area expensive lithographic techniques, for the fabrication of short-range ordered sub-wavelength metallic nanostructures. This paper contributes to the understanding of the impact of the fabrication protocol of a colloidal mask on the optical and sensing properties of short range-ordered nanohole (NH) distributions fabricated by colloidal lithography in optically thin (20 nm thick) gold films. We consider polystyrene nanospheres (PS-NSPs) with a nominal diameter of 80 nm, electrostatically adsorbed from a salt-free colloidal solution onto a polydiallyldimethylammonium (PDDA) countercharged monolayer. By avoiding the conventional polyelectrolyte multilayer and based on the interplay between the deposition times of both PDDA and PS-NSPs, we demonstrate effective simplification of the commonly applied deposition protocol and effective tuning of the NH-to-NH spacing (dNN) with negligible agglomeration. Comparison with NH samples prepared by salt-containing colloidal solutions points out the negative impact of salt addition on the optical properties. The effective tuning of dNN obtained by our protocol demonstrates highly correlated disorder under unsaturated adsorption and allows a discussion on the analogies of the optical response between long- and short- range ordered NH systems, which is a still debated topic. By Fast Fourier Transform of autocorrelation images of scanning electron microscopy micrographs we demonstrate quantitatively, rather than in principle, the correspondence between an inherent ordering length-scale and dNN. As optical transducers for detecting refractive index changes, our samples exhibit significant bulk sensitivity (∼309 nm RIU-1) in the framework of short range ordered NH systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Cesaria
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, IMM-CNR, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
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43
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Prasad A, Choi J, Jia Z, Park S, Gartia MR. Nanohole array plasmonic biosensors: Emerging point-of-care applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 130:185-203. [PMID: 30738247 PMCID: PMC6475599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) applications have expanded hugely in recent years and is likely to continue, with an aim to deliver cheap, portable, and reliable devices to meet the demands of healthcare industry. POC devices are designed, prototyped, and assembled using numerous strategies but the key essential features that biosensing devices require are: (1) sensitivity, (2) selectivity, (3) specificity, (4) repeatability, and (5) good limit of detection. Overall the fabrication and commercialization of the nanohole array (NHA) setup to the outside world still remains a challenge. Here, we review the various methods of NHA fabrication, the design criteria, the geometrical features, the effects of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on sensing as well as current state-of-the-art of existing NHA sensors. This review also provides easy-to-understand examples of NHA-based POC biosensing applications, its current status, challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Prasad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Junseo Choi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; NIH Center for BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Zheng Jia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; NIH Center for BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sunggook Park
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; NIH Center for BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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44
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Qian Y, Zeng X, Gao Y, Li H, Kumar S, Gan Q, Cheng X, Bartoli FJ. Intensity-modulated nanoplasmonic interferometric sensor for MMP-9 detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1267-1276. [PMID: 30821304 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the secretary function of immune cells, we develop a nanoplasmonic circular interferometric biosensor based on intensity interrogation for label-free and dynamic sensing of molecular secretion. Exceptional sensitivity has been demonstrated through coupling free light and surface plasmon polariton (SPPs) waves, which generates a constructive and deconstructive interference pattern with high contrast and narrow linewidth when illuminated by white light. Alternatively, by adopting a narrow-band LED source and a CCD camera in this work, the transmission intensity of multiple sensing units is monitored simultaneously with a simple collinear optical setup. This intensity-modulated sensing platform yields a resolution of 4.1 × 10-5 refractive index unit (RIU) with a high temporal resolution of 1 s and a miniaturized footprint as small as 9.8 × 9.8 μm2 for a single sensing unit. By integrating the signals from multiple sensor units, the resolution of a 12 × 12 sensor array was found to reach 7.3 × 10-6 RIU. We apply this sensor array to detect matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) secretion from human monocytic cells, THP-1, at different time points after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) simulation and the results are in good agreement with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, but without the need for labeling. The spatial, temporal and mass resolutions of the sensor array are found to exceed other label-free technologies. These biomolecular arrays, incorporated in a microfluidic sensor platform, hold great potential for the study the dynamics and interplay of cell secretion signals and achieving a better understanding of single cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Qian
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
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Son T, Lee D, Lee C, Moon G, Ha GE, Lee H, Kwak H, Cheong E, Kim D. Superlocalized Three-Dimensional Live Imaging of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurons Using Plasmonic Nanohole Arrays. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3063-3074. [PMID: 30802028 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the transport of neuronal mitochondria using superlocalized near-fields with plasmonic nanohole arrays (PNAs). Compared to traditional imaging techniques, PNAs create a massive array of superlocalized light beams and allow 3D mitochondrial dynamics to be sampled and extracted almost in real time. In this work, mitochondrial fluorescence excited by the PNAs was captured by an optical microscope using dual objective lenses, which produced superlocalized dynamics while minimizing light scattering by the plasmonic substrate. It was found that mitochondria move with an average velocity 0.33 ± 0.26 μm/s, a significant part of which, by almost 50%, was contributed by the movement along the depth axis ( z-axis). Mitochondrial positions were acquired with superlocalized precision (σ x = 5.7 nm and σ y = 11.8 nm) in the lateral plane and σ z = 78.7 nm in the z-axis, which presents an enhancement by 12.7-fold in resolution compared to confocal fluorescence microscopy. The approach is expected to serve as a way to provide 3D information on molecular dynamics in real time.
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Liao Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Miao Y, Gao S, Lin F, Deng Y, Geng L. Microfluidic chip coupled with optical biosensors for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:697-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Brassat K, Ramakrishnan S, Bürger J, Hanke M, Doostdar M, Lindner JKN, Grundmeier G, Keller A. On the Adsorption of DNA Origami Nanostructures in Nanohole Arrays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:14757-14765. [PMID: 29754490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA origami nanostructures are versatile substrates for the controlled arrangement of molecular capture sites with nanometer precision and thus have many promising applications in single-molecule bioanalysis. Here, we investigate the adsorption of DNA origami nanostructures in nanohole arrays which represent an important class of biosensors and may benefit from the incorporation of DNA origami-based molecular probes. Nanoholes with well-defined diameter that enable the adsorption of single DNA origami triangles are fabricated in Au films on Si wafers by nanosphere lithography. The efficiency of directed DNA origami adsorption on the exposed SiO2 areas at the bottoms of the nanoholes is evaluated in dependence of various parameters, i.e., Mg2+ and DNA origami concentrations, buffer strength, adsorption time, and nanohole diameter. We observe that the buffer strength has a surprisingly strong effect on DNA origami adsorption in the nanoholes and that multiple DNA origami triangles with 120 nm edge length can adsorb in nanoholes as small as 120 nm in diameter. We attribute the latter observation to the low lateral mobility of once adsorbed DNA origami on the SiO2 surface, in combination with parasitic adsorption to the Au film. Although parasitic adsorption can be suppressed by modifying the Au film with a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer, the limited surface mobility of the adsorbed DNA origami still leads to poor localization accuracy in the nanoholes and results in many DNA origami crossing the boundary to the Au film even under optimized conditions. We discuss possible ways to minimize this effect by varying the composition of the adsorption buffer, employing different fabrication conditions, or using other substrate materials for nanohole array fabrication.
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THz Sensing With Anomalous Extraordinary Optical Transmission Hole Arrays. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113848. [PMID: 30423974 PMCID: PMC6263774 DOI: 10.3390/s18113848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Subwavelength hole array (HA) metasurfaces support the so-called extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) resonance that has already been exploited for sensing. In this work, we demonstrate the superior performance of a different resonant regime of HA metasurfaces called anomalous EOT, by doing a thorough numerical and experimental study of its ability in thin-film label-free sensing applications in the terahertz (THz) band. A comprehensive analysis using both the regular and anomalous EOT resonances is done by depositing thin layers of dielectric analyte slabs of different thicknesses on the structures in different scenarios. We carry out a detailed comparison and demonstrate that the best sensing performance is achieved when the structure operates in the anomalous EOT resonance and the analyte is deposited on the non-patterned side of the metasurface, improving by a factor between 2 and 3 the results of the EOT resonance in any of the considered scenarios. This can be explained by the comparatively narrower linewidth of the anomalous EOT resonance. The results presented expand the reach of subwavelength HAs for sensing applications by considering the anomalous EOT regime that is usually overlooked in the literature.
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Selective Uropathogenic E. coli Detection Using Crossed Surface-Relief Gratings. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113634. [PMID: 30373136 PMCID: PMC6263983 DOI: 10.3390/s18113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the major burdens on public healthcare worldwide. One of the primary causes of UTIs is the invasion of the urinary tract by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Improper treatment of bacterial infections like UTIs with broad-spectrum antibiotics has contributed to the rise of antimicrobial resistance, necessitating the development of an inexpensive, rapid and accurate detection of UPEC. Here, we present real-time, selective and label-free detection of UPEC using crossed surface-relief gratings (CSRGs) as nanometallic sensors incorporated into an optical sensing platform. CSRGs enable real-time sensing due to their unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based light energy exchange, resulting in detection of a very-narrow-bandwidth SPR signal after the elimination of residual incident light. The platform’s sensing ability is experimentally demonstrated by the detection of bulk refractive index (RI) changes, with a bulk sensitivity of 382.2 nm/RIU and a resolution in the order of 10−6 RIU. We also demonstrate, for the first time, CSRG-based real-time selective capture and detection of UPEC in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution, in clinically relevant concentrations, as opposed to other UTI-causing Gram-negative bacteria. The platform’s detection limit is calculated to be 105 CFU/mL (concentration on par with the clinical threshold for UTI diagnosis), with a dynamic range spanning four orders of magnitude. This work paves the way for the development of inexpensive point-of-care diagnosis devices focusing on effective treatment of UTIs, which are a burden on public healthcare due to the rise in the number of cases and their recurrences in the recent past.
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Tramarin L, Barrios CA. Design of an Aluminum/Polymer Plasmonic 2D Crystal for Label-Free Optical Biosensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:s18103335. [PMID: 30301186 PMCID: PMC6211116 DOI: 10.3390/s18103335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A design study of a nanostructured two-dimensional plasmonic crystal based on aluminum and polymeric material for label-free optical biosensing is presented. The structure is formed of Al nanohole and nanodisk array layers physically separated by a polymeric film. The photonic configuration was analyzed through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The calculated spectral reflectance of the device exhibits a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) resonance feature sensitive to the presence of a modeled biolayer adhered onto the metal surfaces. Simulations also reveal that the Al disks suppress an undesired SPP resonance, improving the device performance in terms of resolution as compared to that of a similar configuration without Al disks. On the basis of manufacturability issues, nanohole diameter and depth were considered as design parameters, and a multi-objective optimization process was employed to determine the optimum dimensional values from both performance and fabrication points of view. The effect of Al oxidation, which is expected to occur in an actual device, was also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tramarin
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología (ISOM), ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Carlos Angulo Barrios
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología (ISOM), ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Department of Photonics and Bioengineering (TFB), ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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