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Rodoplu Solovchuk D. Advances in AI-assisted biochip technology for biomedicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116997. [PMID: 38943990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of biochips with AI opened up new possibilities and is expected to revolutionize smart healthcare tools within the next five years. The combination of miniaturized, multi-functional, rapid, high-throughput sample processing and sensing capabilities of biochips, with the computational data processing and predictive power of AI, allows medical professionals to collect and analyze vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently, leading to more accurate and timely diagnoses and prognostic evaluations. Biochips, as smart healthcare devices, offer continuous monitoring of patient symptoms. Integrated virtual assistants have the potential to send predictive feedback to users and healthcare practitioners, paving the way for personalized and predictive medicine. This review explores the current state-of-the-art biochip technologies including gene-chips, organ-on-a-chips, and neural implants, and the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of AI-assisted biochips in medical practices such as cancer, diabetes, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. Choosing the appropriate AI model for a specific biomedical application, and possible solutions to the current challenges are explored. Surveying advances in machine learning models for biochip functionality, this paper offers a review of biochips for the future of biomedicine, an essential guide for keeping up with trends in healthcare, while inspiring cross-disciplinary collaboration among biomedical engineering, medicine, and machine learning fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Rodoplu Solovchuk
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
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2
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Tao S, Wu J, He Y, Jiao F. Numerical Studies on the Motions of Magnetically Tagged Cells Driven by a Micromagnetic Matrix. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2224. [PMID: 38138393 PMCID: PMC10745660 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Precisely controlling magnetically tagged cells in a complex environment is crucial to constructing a magneto-microfluidic platform. We propose a two-dimensional model for capturing magnetic beads from non-magnetic fluids under a micromagnetic matrix. A qualitative description of the relationship between the capture trajectory and the micromagnetic matrix with an alternating polarity configuration was obtained by computing the force curve of the magnetic particles. Three stages comprise the capture process: the first, where motion is a parabolic fall in weak fields; the second, where the motion becomes unpredictable due to the competition between gravity and magnetic force; and the third, where the micromagnetic matrix finally captures cells. Since it is not always obvious how many particles are adhered to the surface, attachment density is utilized to illustrate how the quantity of particles influences the capture path. The longitudinal magnetic load is calculated to measure the acquisition efficiency. The optimal adhesion density is 13%, and the maximum adhesion density is 18%. It has been demonstrated that a magnetic ring model with 100% adhesion density can impede the capture process. The results offer a theoretical foundation for enhancing the effectiveness of rare cell capture in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjia Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China;
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
| | - Yongqing He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano System and Intelligent Transduction, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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3
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Ouyang D, Ye N, Yang K, Wang Y, Hu L, Chao S, Toner M, Li Y. Precision Isolation of Circulating Leukemia Cells in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Patients Using a Novel Microfluidic Device and Its Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5696. [PMID: 38067399 PMCID: PMC10705219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is a prevalent hematologic malignancy characterized by the malignant transformation of myeloid cells and their proliferation in the peripheral blood. The management of CML poses significant challenges, particularly in detecting and eradicating minimal residual disease, which is crucial for preventing relapse and improving survival outcomes. Traditional minimal residual disease detection methods, such as bone marrow aspiration, are invasive and have limitations which include the potential for sampling errors and false negatives. This study introduces a novel label-free microfluidic chip designed for the segregation and recovery of circulating leukemia cells, offering a non-invasive liquid biopsy approach with potential applications in precision medicine. Over July 2021 to October 2023, we recruited 56 CML patients across various disease stages and collected blood samples for analysis using our microfluidic device. The device demonstrated high efficacy in isolating circulating leukemia cells, with an optimal capture efficiency of 78% at a sample flow rate of 3 mL/h. Our results indicate that the microfluidic device can efficiently segregate and quantify circulating leukemia cells, providing a detailed understanding of CML progression and treatment response. The significant reduction in circulating leukemia cell counts in patients in complete remission highlights the device's potential in monitoring treatment efficacy. Furthermore, the device's sensitivity in detecting minimal residual disease could offer a more reliable prognostic tool for therapeutic decision-making in CML management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Ouyang
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ningxin Ye
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Shuen Chao
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yonghua Li
- Department of Hematology, PLA General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou 510010, China
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4
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Mostufa S, Rezaei B, Yari P, Xu K, Gómez-Pastora J, Sun J, Shi Z, Wu K. Giant Magnetoresistance Based Biosensors for Cancer Screening and Detection. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4042-4059. [PMID: 37725557 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Early-stage screening of cancer is critical in preventing its development and therefore can improve the prognosis of the disease. One accurate and effective method of cancer screening is using high sensitivity biosensors to detect optically, chemically, or magnetically labeled cancer biomarkers. Among a wide range of biosensors, giant magnetoresistance (GMR) based devices offer high sensitivity, low background noise, robustness, and low cost. With state-of-the-art micro- and nanofabrication techniques, tens to hundreds of independently working GMR biosensors can be integrated into fingernail-sized chips for the simultaneous detection of multiple cancer biomarkers (i.e., multiplexed assay). Meanwhile, the miniaturization of GMR chips makes them able to be integrated into point-of-care (POC) devices. In this review, we first introduce three types of GMR biosensors in terms of their structures and physics, followed by a discussion on fabrication techniques for those sensors. In order to achieve target cancer biomarker detection, the GMR biosensor surface needs to be subjected to biological decoration. Thus, commonly used methods for surface functionalization are also reviewed. The robustness of GMR-based biosensors in cancer detection has been demonstrated by multiple research groups worldwide and we review some representative examples. At the end of this review, the challenges and future development prospects of GMR biosensor platforms are commented on. With all their benefits and opportunities, it can be foreseen that GMR biosensor platforms will transition from a promising candidate to a robust product for cancer screening in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Mostufa
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Bahareh Rezaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Parsa Yari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Kanglin Xu
- Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Jenifer Gómez-Pastora
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Jiajia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Zongqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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5
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Govindan B, Sabri MA, Hai A, Banat F, Haija MA. A Review of Advanced Multifunctional Magnetic Nanostructures for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Integrated into an Artificial Intelligence Approach. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030868. [PMID: 36986729 PMCID: PMC10058002 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The new era of nanomedicine offers significant opportunities for cancer diagnostics and treatment. Magnetic nanoplatforms could be highly effective tools for cancer diagnosis and treatment in the future. Due to their tunable morphologies and superior properties, multifunctional magnetic nanomaterials and their hybrid nanostructures can be designed as specific carriers of drugs, imaging agents, and magnetic theranostics. Multifunctional magnetic nanostructures are promising theranostic agents due to their ability to diagnose and combine therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of advanced multifunctional magnetic nanostructures combining magnetic and optical properties, providing photoresponsive magnetic platforms for promising medical applications. Moreover, this review discusses various innovative developments using multifunctional magnetic nanostructures, including drug delivery, cancer treatment, tumor-specific ligands that deliver chemotherapeutics or hormonal agents, magnetic resonance imaging, and tissue engineering. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to optimize material properties in cancer diagnosis and treatment, based on predicted interactions with drugs, cell membranes, vasculature, biological fluid, and the immune system to enhance the effectiveness of therapeutic agents. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of AI approaches used to assess the practical utility of multifunctional magnetic nanostructures for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the review presents the current knowledge and perspectives on hybrid magnetic systems as cancer treatment tools with AI models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Govindan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (M.A.H.); Tel.: +971-2-4150 (B.G.)
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Sabri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Hai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Abu Haija
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Advanced Materials Chemistry Center (AMCC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (M.A.H.); Tel.: +971-2-4150 (B.G.)
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6
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Hasanzadeh Kafshgari M, Hayden O. Advances in analytical microfluidic workflows for differential cancer diagnosis. NANO SELECT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics Campus Klinikum München rechts der Isar TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Oliver Hayden
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics Campus Klinikum München rechts der Isar TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
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Comparative application of microfluidic systems in circulating tumor cells and extracellular vesicles isolation; a review. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 25:4. [PMID: 36574057 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a prevalent cause of mortality globally, where early diagnosis leads to a reduced death rate. Many researchers' common strategies are based on personalized diagnostic methods with rapid response and high accuracy. This technology was developed by applying liquid biopsy instead of tissue biopsies in the case of tumor cell analysis that facilitates point-of-care testing for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, significant progress in microfluidic technology led to the successful isolation, analysis, and monitoring of cancer biomarkers in body liquid biopsy with merits like high sensitivity and flexibility, low sample usage, cost effective, and the ability of automation. The most critical and informative markers in body liquid refer to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles derived from tumors (EVs) that carry various biomarkers in their structure (DNAs, proteins, and RNAs) as compared to ctDNA. The released ctDNA has a low half-life and decreased sensitivity due to large amounts of nucleic acid in serum. This review intends to highlight different cancer screening tests with a particular focus on the details regarding the only FDA-approved and awaiting technologies for FDA clearance to isolate CTCs and EVs based on microfluidics systems.
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Yang Y, Li X, Pappas D. Isolation of leukemia and breast cancer cells from liquid biopsies and clinical samples at low concentration in a 3D printed cell separation device via transferrin-receptor affinity. Talanta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yin D, Shi A, Zhou B, Wang M, Xu G, Shen M, Zhu X, Shi X. Efficient Capture and Separation of Cancer Cells Using Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Magnetic Beads in a Microfluidic Chip. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11080-11086. [PMID: 36040875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The efficient isolation and specific discrimination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is expected to provide valuable information for understanding tumor metastasis and play an important role in the treatment of cancer patients. In this study, we developed a novel and rapid method for efficient capture and specific identification of cancer cells using hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified SiO2-coated magnetic beads in a microfluidic chip. First, polyacrylamide-surfaced SiO2-coated magnetic beads (SiO2@MBs) were covalently conjugated with HA, and the created HA-modified SiO2@MBs (HA-SiO2@MBs) display binding specificity to HeLa cells (a human cervical carcinoma cell line) overexpressing CD44 receptors. After incubating the HA-SiO2@MBs with cancer cells for 1 h, the mixture of MBs and cells was drawn into a designed microfluidic channel with two inlets and outlets. Through the formation of lamellar flow, cells specifically bound with the HA-SiO2@MBs can be separated under an external magnetic field with a capture efficiency of up to 92.0%. The developed method is simple, fast, and promising for CTC separation and cancer diagnostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Andrew Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Benqing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gangwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Qiu S, Shen C, Jian X, Lu Y, Tong Z, Wu Z, Mao H, Zhao J. Single-cell level point mutation analysis of circulating tumor cells through droplet microfluidics. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Yang L, Patel KD, Rathnam C, Thangam R, Hou Y, Kang H, Lee KB. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomedical Applications Using Multifunctional Magnetic Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104783. [PMID: 35132796 PMCID: PMC9344859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (e.g., exosomes) carrying various biomolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) have rapidly emerged as promising platforms for many biomedical applications. Despite their enormous potential, their heterogeneity in surfaces and sizes, the high complexity of cargo biomolecules, and the inefficient uptake by recipient cells remain critical barriers for their theranostic applications. To address these critical issues, multifunctional nanomaterials, such as magnetic nanomaterials, with their tunable physical, chemical, and biological properties, may play crucial roles in next-generation extracellular vesicles (EV)-based disease diagnosis, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. As such, one aims to provide cutting-edge knowledge pertaining to magnetic nanomaterials-facilitated isolation, detection, and delivery of extracellular vesicles and their associated biomolecules. By engaging the fields of extracellular vesicles and magnetic nanomaterials, it is envisioned that their properties can be effectively combined for optimal outcomes in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kapil D. Patel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yannan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- CORRESPONDENCE: Prof. Heemin Kang, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea, Phone: +82-2-3290-3853, , https://www.dynamicnano.org/; Prof. Ki-Bum Lee, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Tel. +1-848-445-2081; Fax: +1-732-445-5312, , https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- CORRESPONDENCE: Prof. Heemin Kang, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea, Phone: +82-2-3290-3853, , https://www.dynamicnano.org/; Prof. Ki-Bum Lee, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Tel. +1-848-445-2081; Fax: +1-732-445-5312, , https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
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Liu Y, Li R, Zhang L, Guo S. Nanomaterial-Based Immunocapture Platforms for the Recognition, Isolation, and Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:850241. [PMID: 35360401 PMCID: PMC8964261 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.850241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a type of cancer cells that circulate in the peripheral blood after breaking away from solid tumors and are essential for the establishment of distant metastasis. Up to 90% of cancer-related deaths are caused by metastatic cancer. As a new type of liquid biopsy, detecting and analyzing CTCs will provide insightful information for cancer diagnosis, especially the in-time disease status, which would avoid some flaws and limitations of invasive tissue biopsy. However, due to the extremely low levels of CTCs among a large number of hematologic cells, choosing immunocapture platforms for CTC detection and isolation will achieve good performance with high purity, selectivity, and viability. These properties are directly associated with precise downstream analysis of CTC profiling. Recently, inspired by the nanoscale interactions of cells in the tissue microenvironment, platforms based on nanomaterials have been widely explored to efficiently enrich and sensitively detect CTCs. In this review, various immunocapture platforms based on different nanomaterials for efficient isolation and sensitive detection of CTCs are outlined and discussed. First, the design principles of immunoaffinity nanomaterials are introduced in detail. Second, the immunocapture and release of platforms based on nanomaterials ranging from nanoparticles, nanostructured substrates, and immunoaffinity microfluidic chips are summarized. Third, recent advances in single-cell release and analysis of CTCs are introduced. Finally, some perspectives and challenges are provided in future trends of CTC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Liu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lingling Zhang, ; Shishang Guo,
| | - Shishang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Lingling Zhang, ; Shishang Guo,
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13
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Zhou X, Zhang Y, Kang K, Mao Y, Yu Y, Yi Q, Wu Y. Controllable Environment Protein Corona-Disguised Immunomagnetic Beads for High-Performance Circulating Tumor Cell Enrichment. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4650-4657. [PMID: 35254814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The enrichment performance of immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) in blood samples is usually challenging due to the ungoverned, in situ-formed protein corona, as it generally leads to negative effects, such as impeded targeting capacity and unwanted nonspecific absorption. On the contrary, a controlled protein premodification of IMBs with diverse functional environment (blood) proteins endows the composites with a new biological identity and may improve the anti-nonspecific ability, resulting in promising isolation benefits for circulating tumor cell (CTC) enrichment and downstream analyses. Specifically, fetal bovine serum and the four most abundant blood proteins, including human serum albumin, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin, and transferrin, were separately applied in this work. Conclusively, the biological properties of the applied protein corona camouflage have a great influence on the capture performance of IMBs, and certain proteins can enhance the enrichment performance to a large extent. Promisingly, human serum albumin-camouflaged IMBs (HSA-PIMBs) achieved a capture efficiency of 84.0-90.0% and significantly minimized nonspecific absorbed leukocytes to 164-264 in blood samples (0.5 mL, 25-55 model CTCs). Furthermore, HSA-PIMBs isolated 62-505 CTCs and 13-31 leukocytes from the blood samples of five cancer patients. The novel environment camouflage strategy provides a new insight into protein corona utilization and may improve the performance of targeted nanomaterials in a complex biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ke Kang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yanchao Mao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Qiangying Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, P. R. China
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14
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Zhang S, Wang Y, Yang C, Zhu J, Ye X, Wang W. On-chip circulating tumor cells isolation based on membrane filtration and immuno-magnetic bead clump capture. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0009560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chaoqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiongying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Abstract
Magnetic cell separation has become a key methodology for the isolation of target cell populations from biological suspensions, covering a wide spectrum of applications from diagnosis and therapy in biomedicine to environmental applications or fundamental research in biology. There now exists a great variety of commercially available separation instruments and reagents, which has permitted rapid dissemination of the technology. However, there is still an increasing demand for new tools and protocols which provide improved selectivity, yield and sensitivity of the separation process while reducing cost and providing a faster response. This review aims to introduce basic principles of magnetic cell separation for the neophyte, while giving an overview of recent research in the field, from the development of new cell labeling strategies to the design of integrated microfluidic cell sorters and of point-of-care platforms combining cell selection, capture, and downstream detection. Finally, we focus on clinical, industrial and environmental applications where magnetic cell separation strategies are amongst the most promising techniques to address the challenges of isolating rare cells.
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16
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The Origins and the Current Applications of Microfluidics-Based Magnetic Cell Separation Technologies. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic separation of cells based on certain traits has a wide range of applications in microbiology, immunology, oncology, and hematology. Compared to bulk separation, performing magnetophoresis at micro scale presents advantages such as precise control of the environment, larger magnetic gradients in miniaturized dimensions, operational simplicity, system portability, high-throughput analysis, and lower costs. Since the first integration of magnetophoresis and microfluidics, many different approaches have been proposed to magnetically separate cells from suspensions at the micro scale. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the origins of microfluidic devices for magnetic cell separation and the recent technologies and applications grouped by the targeted cell types. For each application, exemplary experimental methods and results are discussed.
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17
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Yao C, Ng E, Wang SX. An automated and mobile magnetoresistive biosensor system for early hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:113982. [PMID: 35033828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Most patients, however, are not diagnosed until advanced stage because early HCC lesions generally cause no overt symptoms, and the presence of cirrhosis adds another layer of complexity. While early diagnosis enables more therapeutic options and greatly improves survival rates, it is difficult to achieve. In order to detect early stage HCC, high-risk patients need to frequently measure serum biomarkers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and gold standards for detection involve less accessible and costly tests. In this work, we present an automated and mobile magnetoresistive biosensor system that allows quick, easy, and accurate detection of a panel of HCC related biomarkers. We first discuss the underlying principles of the giant magnetoresistive (GMR) biosensor system and its unique advantages in early detection of HCC. We also describe the development of hardware, software, and the bioassay, and demonstrate that it can perform an automated assay in 28 min, providing both qualitative and quantitative results. The user only needs to manually add sample into a disposable cartridge and press a button on the smartphone app, without the need for direct interaction with reagent liquids, or lab skills such as pipetting. With its portability, high sensitivity, and ease-of-use, the presented biosensor system has the potential to empower both medical practitioners and patients to achieve early HCC diagnosis. Furthermore, the GMR biosensor platform can be adapted to detect other protein or DNA biomarkers beyond HCC, bringing the goals of accessible mobile health even closer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyang Yao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Elaine Ng
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shan X Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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18
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Chelakkot C, Yang H, Shin YK. Relevance of Circulating Tumor Cells as Predictive Markers for Cancer Incidence and Relapse. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:75. [PMID: 35056131 PMCID: PMC8781286 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shedding of cancer cells from the primary site or undetectable bone marrow region into the circulatory system, resulting in clinically overt metastasis or dissemination, is the hallmark of unfavorable invasive cancers. The shed cells remain in circulation until they extravasate to form a secondary metastatic lesion or undergo anoikis. The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) found as single cells or clusters carry a plethora of information, are acknowledged as potential biomarkers for predicting cancer prognosis and cancer progression, and are supposed to play key roles in determining tailored therapies for advanced diseases. With the advent of novel technologies that allow the precise isolation of CTCs, more and more clinical trials are focusing on the prognostic and predictive potential of CTCs. In this review, we summarize the role of CTCs as a predictive marker for cancer incidence, relapse, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaithanya Chelakkot
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Genobio Corp., Seoul 08394, Korea
| | - Hobin Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
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19
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Ghafouri V, Badieirostami M, Fathipour M. Simulation and fabrication of an integrating well-aligned silicon nanowires substrate for trapping circulating tumor cells labeled with Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles in a microfluidic device. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 12:533-548. [PMID: 36644542 PMCID: PMC9809138 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the transformed tumor cells that can penetrate into the bloodstream and are available at concentrations as low as 1-100 cells per milliliter. To trap CTCs in the blood, one valid and mature technique that has been developed is the magnetophoresis-based separation in a microfluidic channel. Recently, nanostructured platforms have also been developed to trap specific targeted and marker cells in the blood. We aimed to integrate both in one platform to improve trapping. Methods: Here, we developed a numerical scheme and an integrated device that considered the interaction between drag and magnetic forces on paramagnetic labeled cells in the fluid as well as interaction of these two forces with the adhesive force and the surface friction of the nanowires substrate. We aimed on developing a more advanced technique that integrated the magnetophoretic property of some Fe3O4 paramagnetic nanoparticles (PMNPs) with a silicon nanowires (SiNWs) substrate in a microfluidic device to trap MDA-MB231 cell lines as CTCs in the blood. Results: Simulation indicated assuming that the nanoparticles adhere perfectly to the white blood cells (WBCs) and the CTCs, the magnetic moment of the CTCs was almost one order of magnitude larger than that of the WBCs, so its attraction by the magnetic field was much higher. In general with significant statistics, the integrated device can trap almost all of the CTCs on the SiNWs substrate. In the experimental section, we took advantage of the integrated trapping techniques, including micropost barriers, magnetophoresis, and nanowires-based substrate to more effectively isolate the CTCs. Conclusion: The simulation indicated that the proposed device could almost trap all of the CTCs onto the SiNWs substrate, whereas trapping in flat substrates with magnetophoretic force was very low. As a result of the magnetic field gradient, magnetophoretic force was applied to the cells through the nanoparticles, which would efficiently drive down the nanoparticle-tagged cells. For the experimental validation, anti-EpCAM antibodies for specific binding to tumor cells were used. Using this specific targeting method and by statistically counting, it was shown that the proposed technique has excellent performance and results in the trapping efficiency of above 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghafouri
- MEMS Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
,Corresponding author: Vahid Ghafouri,
| | - Majid Badieirostami
- MEMS Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Fathipour
- MEMS Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Sardarabadi P, Kojabad AA, Jafari D, Liu CH. Liquid Biopsy-Based Biosensors for MRD Detection and Treatment Monitoring in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:394. [PMID: 34677350 PMCID: PMC8533977 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Globally, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite advancements in chemotherapy and targeted therapies, the 5-year survival rate has remained at 16% for the past forty years. Minimal residual disease (MRD) is described as the existence of either isolated tumour cells or circulating tumour cells in biological liquid of patients after removal of the primary tumour without any clinical signs of cancer. Recently, liquid biopsy has been promising as a non-invasive method of disease monitoring and treatment guidelines as an MRD marker. Liquid biopsy could be used to detect and assess earlier stages of NSCLC, post-treatment MRD, resistance to targeted therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tumour mutational burden. MRD surveillance has been proposed as a potential marker for lung cancer relapse. Principally, biosensors provide the quantitative analysis of various materials by converting biological functions into quantifiable signals. Biosensors are usually operated to detect antibodies, enzymes, DNA, RNA, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and whole cells. Here, we present a category of biosensors based on the signal transduction method for identifying biosensor-based biomarkers in liquid biopsy specimens to monitor lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Sardarabadi
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan;
| | - Amir Asri Kojabad
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Davod Jafari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14535, Iran;
| | - Cheng-Hsien Liu
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan;
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30044, Taiwan
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21
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Yang L, Ye T, Zhao X, Hu T, Wei Y. Design and Fabrication of a Microfluidic Chip for Particle Size-Exclusion and Enrichment. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101218. [PMID: 34683269 PMCID: PMC8541095 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Based on the size of particles, a microfluidic chip integrating micro particles capture, controlled release and counting analysis was designed and fabricated in this paper. The chip is composed of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cover sheet and a PDMS substrate. The PDMS substrate is made of a sample inlet, microfluidic channels, a micropillar array, a three-dimensional (3D) focusing channel, and a sample outlet. The chip was fabricated by the multistep SU-8 lithography and PDMS molding method in this study. The micropillar array and channels in the chip can be molded in one step and can be replicated multiple times, which reduces the production cost and increases the practicability of the chip. Using a homemade electromagnetic drive device, the detection function of the chip was tested using a deionized water solution containing 22 μm polyethylene particles. The results showed that under the action of electromagnetic force, the chip enriched polyethylene particles; when the electromagnetic force disappeared, the enriched polyethylene particles were released by injecting buffer solution, and it was looked at as new sample solution. The flow rate of the sample solution and the sheath flow solution (deionized water) was injected into the three-dimensional focusing channel at a flow rate ratio of 1:4, and the polyethylene particles sample solution was focused, which could be used for the counting and analysis of polyethylene particles. The work of this paper can provide a reference for the subsequent detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs).
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22
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Rzhevskiy A, Kapitannikova A, Malinina P, Volovetsky A, Aboulkheyr Es H, Kulasinghe A, Thiery JP, Maslennikova A, Zvyagin AV, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Emerging role of circulating tumor cells in immunotherapy. Theranostics 2021; 11:8057-8075. [PMID: 34335980 PMCID: PMC8315079 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, immunotherapy, in particular, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, has revolutionized the treatment of several types of cancer. At the same time, the uptake in clinical oncology has been slow owing to the high cost of treatment, associated toxicity profiles and variability of the response to treatment between patients. In response, personalized approaches based on predictive biomarkers have emerged as new tools for patient stratification to achieve effective immunotherapy. Recently, the enumeration and molecular analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been highlighted as prognostic biomarkers for the management of cancer patients during chemotherapy and for targeted therapy in a personalized manner. The expression of immune checkpoints on CTCs has been reported in a number of solid tumor types and has provided new insight into cancer immunotherapy management. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the identification of immune checkpoints using CTCs and shed light on the potential applications of CTCs towards the identification of predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Rzhevskiy
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alina Kapitannikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Malinina
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1, Minini Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod 603005, Russia
| | - Arthur Volovetsky
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | | | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna Maslennikova
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gagarina Avenue 23, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- The Chair of Cancer, Radiotherapy and Radiologic Diagnostics, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhniy Novgorod. Russia 603005
| | - Andrei V. Zvyagin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- IBCh - Shemyakin Ovchinnikov Institute of BioOrganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho Maklai Street, 16, Moscow, Russia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 2007 Sydney, Australia
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23
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Labib M, Kelley SO. Circulating tumor cell profiling for precision oncology. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1622-1646. [PMID: 33448107 PMCID: PMC8169448 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) collected from patient's blood offers a broad range of opportunities in the field of precision oncology. With new advances in profiling technology, it is now possible to demonstrate an association between the molecular profiles of CTCs and tumor response to therapy. In this Review, we discuss mechanisms of tumor resistance to therapy and their link to phenotypic and genotypic properties of CTCs. We summarize key technologies used to isolate and analyze CTCs and discuss recent clinical studies that examined CTCs for genomic and proteomic predictors of responsiveness to therapy. We also point out current limitations that still hamper the implementation of CTCs into clinical practice. We finally reflect on how these shortcomings can be addressed with the likely contribution of multiparametric approaches and advanced data analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of TorontoCanada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of TorontoCanada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoCanada
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of TorontoCanada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TorontoCanada
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24
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Liu Y, Zhao W, Cheng R, Harris BN, Murrow JR, Hodgson J, Egan M, Bankey A, Nikolinakos PG, Laver T, Meichner K, Mao L. Fundamentals of integrated ferrohydrodynamic cell separation in circulating tumor cell isolation. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1706-1723. [PMID: 33720269 PMCID: PMC8102387 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Methods to separate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples were intensively researched in order to understand the metastatic process and develop corresponding clinical assays. However current methods faced challenges that stemmed from CTCs' heterogeneity in their biological markers and physical morphologies. To this end, we developed integrated ferrohydrodynamic cell separation (iFCS), a scheme that separated CTCs independent of their surface antigen expression and physical characteristics. iFCS integrated both diamagnetophoresis of CTCs and magnetophoresis of blood cells together via a magnetic liquid medium, ferrofluid, whose magnetization could be tuned by adjusting its magnetic volume concentration. In this paper, we presented the fundamental theory of iFCS and its specific application in CTC separation. Governing equations of iFCS were developed to guide its optimization process. Three critical parameters that affected iFCS's cell separation performance were determined and validated theoretically and experimentally. These parameters included the sample flow rate, the volumetric concentration of magnetic materials in the ferrofluid, and the gradient of the magnetic flux density. We determined these optimized parameters in an iFCS device that led to a high recovery CTC separation in both spiked and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Wujun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rui Cheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Bryana N Harris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA
| | - Jonathan R Murrow
- Department of Medicine, Augusta University - The University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jamie Hodgson
- University Cancer & Blood Center, LLC, Athens, GA 30607, USA
| | - Mary Egan
- University Cancer & Blood Center, LLC, Athens, GA 30607, USA
| | | | | | - Travis Laver
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kristina Meichner
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Leidong Mao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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25
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Perillo A, Agbaje Olufemi MV, De Robbio J, Mancuso RM, Roscigno A, Tirozzi M, Scognamiglio IR. Liquid biopsy in NSCLC: a new challenge in radiation therapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:156-173. [PMID: 36046142 PMCID: PMC9400754 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. To date, tissue biopsy has been the gold standard for the diagnosis and the identification of specific molecular mutations, to guide choice of therapy. However, this procedure has several limitations. Liquid biopsy could represent a solution to the intrinsic limits of traditional biopsy. It can detect cancer markers such as circulating tumor DNA or RNA (ctDNA, ctRNA), and circulating tumor cells, in plasma, serum or other biological fluids. This procedure is minimally invasive, reproducible and can be used repeatedly. The main clinical applications of liquid biopsy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are the early diagnosis, stratification of the risk of relapse, identification of mutations to guide application of targeted therapy and the evaluation of the minimum residual disease. In this review, the current role of liquid biopsy and associated markers in the management of NSCLC patients was analyzed, with emphasis on ctDNA and CTCs, and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Perillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mohamed Vincenzo Agbaje Olufemi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Jacopo De Robbio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rossella Margherita Mancuso
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Roscigno
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maddalena Tirozzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ida Rosalia Scognamiglio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II” School of Medicine, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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26
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Liu P, Jonkheijm P, Terstappen LWMM, Stevens M. Magnetic Particles for CTC Enrichment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123525. [PMID: 33255978 PMCID: PMC7760229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For the enrichment of very rare cells, such as Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs), immunomagnetic enrichment is frequently used. For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with specific antibodies directed against cancer cells are used. In this review, we look at the properties such a particle needs to have in order to be used successfully, and describe the different methods used in the production of such a particle as well as the methods for their separation. Additionally, an overview is given of the antibodies that could potentially be used for this purpose. Abstract Here, we review the characteristics and synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and place these in the context of their usage in the immunomagnetic enrichment of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs). The importance of the different characteristics is explained, the need for a very specific enrichment is emphasized and different (commercial) magnetic separation techniques are shown. As the specificity of an MNP is in a large part dependent on the antibody coated onto the particle, different strategies in the coupling of specific antibodies as well as an overview of the available antibodies is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlnds; (P.L.); (L.W.M.M.T.)
- Department of Molecular Nanofabrication, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Department of Molecular Nanofabrication, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Leon W. M. M. Terstappen
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlnds; (P.L.); (L.W.M.M.T.)
| | - Michiel Stevens
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlnds; (P.L.); (L.W.M.M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-53-489-4101
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27
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Ng E, Le AK, Nguyen MH, Wang SX. Early Multiplexed Detection of Cirrhosis using Giant Magnetoresistive Biosensors with Protein Biomarkers. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3049-3057. [PMID: 32896123 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is one of the leading causes of death in adults worldwide. It is highly prevalent in developing countries and is growing in prevalence in developed countries mostly because of chronic liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B and C and alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the prevalence of cirrhosis may be highly underestimated because early stages are asymptomatic and current early detection methods are inadequate. Here, we evaluate the potential of a set of novel cirrhotic protein biomarkers, including soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer, for early detection of cirrhosis in a multiplexed assay using our giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor arrays. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of the biomarkers, individually and in combination, using multivariate logistic regression and random forest in a blinded proof-of-concept retrospective case-controlled study. The biomarkers in combination exhibited high diagnostic performance in both logistic regression and random forest models, with an area under the curve of 0.98 (0.94-1.00). In addition, the combination of biomarkers resulted in a high sensitivity of 0.97 (0.95-1.00) and a high specificity of 1.00. We showed that the diagnostic performance of our novel set of cirrhotic protein biomarkers on our multiplexed GMR sensor arrays is higher than the performance of currently used clinical biomarkers and factors (i.e., age, sex, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, etc.). With this combination of novel biomarkers and GMR technology, we could potentially boost the diagnostic power of early cirrhosis detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Ng
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - An K. Le
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Mindie H. Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Shan X. Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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28
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The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of a Liquid Biopsy for Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103070. [PMID: 33096708 PMCID: PMC7589026 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The “liquid biopsy” is a novel concept for detecting circulating biomarkers in the peripheral blood of patients with various cancers, including esophageal cancer. There are two main methods to identify circulating cancer related biomarkers such as morphological techniques or molecular biological techniques. There are some differences in the sensitivity and specificity for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or circulating markers between each method. Although it is still challenging to determine strong candidates for early diagnosis and predicting prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer, our meta-analysis might be a milestone for the future development of liquid biopsies in use with esophageal cancer. Abstract Esophageal cancer is among the most aggressive diseases, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been recognized as novel biomarkers for various cancers over the past two decades, including esophageal cancer. CTCs might provide crucial clinical information for predicting cancer prognosis, monitoring therapeutic responses or recurrences, or elucidating the mechanism of metastasis. The isolation of CTCs is among the applications of a “liquid biopsy”. There are various technologies for liquid biopsies, and they are classified into two main methods: cytometric or non-cytometric techniques. Here, we review a total of 57 eligible articles to summarize various technologies for the use of a liquid biopsy in esophageal cancer and perform a meta-analysis to assess the clinical utility of liquid biopsies as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker technique. For prognostic evaluation, the pooled hazard ratio in the cytometric assay is relatively higher than that of the non-cytometric assay. On the other hand, a combination of multiple molecules, using a non-cytometric assay, might be a favorable biomarker technique for the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer. Although determining strong evidence for a biomarker by using a liquid biopsy is still challenging, our meta-analysis might be a milestone for the future development of liquid biopsies in use with esophageal cancer.
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Suresh D, Ghoshdastidar S, Gangula A, Mukherjee S, Upendran A, Kannan R. Magnetic Iron Nanocubes Effectively Capture Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23724-23735. [PMID: 32984691 PMCID: PMC7513327 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for capturing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are based on the overexpression of cytokeratin (CK) or epithelial cell-adhesion molecule (EpCAM) on cancer cells. However, during the process of metastasis, tumor cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that can lead to the loss of CK/EpCAM expression. Therefore, it is vital to develop a capturing technique independent of CK/EpCAM expression on the cancer cell. To develop this technique, it is important to identify common secondary oncogenic markers overexpressed on tumor cells before and after EMT. We analyzed the biomarker expression levels in tumor cells, before and after EMT, and found two common proteins-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) whose levels remained unaffected. So, we synthesized immunomagnetic iron nanocubes covalently conjugated with antibodies of Her2 or EGFR to capture cancer cells irrespective of the EMT status. The nanocubes showed high specificity (6-9-fold) in isolating the cancer cells of interest from a mixture of cells spiked in serum. We characterized the captured cells for identifying their EMT status. Thus, we believe the results presented here would help in the development of novel strategies for capturing both primary and metastatic cancer cells from patients' blood to develop an effective treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Suresh
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology
& Physiology, and Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Shreya Ghoshdastidar
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology
& Physiology, and Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Abilash Gangula
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology
& Physiology, and Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Soumavo Mukherjee
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology
& Physiology, and Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Anandhi Upendran
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology
& Physiology, and Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
| | - Raghuraman Kannan
- Department
of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Medical Pharmacology
& Physiology, and Institute of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States
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Chen H, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang S. Immunomagnetic separation of circulating tumor cells with microfluidic chips and their clinical applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:041502. [PMID: 32849973 PMCID: PMC7440929 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells detached from the original lesion and getting into the blood and lymphatic circulation systems. They potentially establish new tumors in remote areas, namely, metastasis. Isolation of CTCs and following biological molecular analysis facilitate investigating cancer and coming out treatment. Since CTCs carry important information on the primary tumor, they are vital in exploring the mechanism of cancer, metastasis, and diagnosis. However, CTCs are very difficult to separate due to their extreme heterogeneity and rarity in blood. Recently, advanced technologies, such as nanosurfaces, quantum dots, and Raman spectroscopy, have been integrated with microfluidic chips. These achievements enable the next generation isolation technologies and subsequent biological analysis of CTCs. In this review, we summarize CTCs' separation with microfluidic chips based on the principle of immunomagnetic isolation of CTCs. Fundamental insights, clinical applications, and potential future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics of Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Shuangshou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
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31
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Luo L, He Y. Magnetically driven microfluidics for isolation of circulating tumor cells. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4207-4231. [PMID: 32325536 PMCID: PMC7300401 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) largely contribute to cancer metastasis and show potential prognostic significance in cancer isolation and detection. Miniaturization has progressed significantly in the last decade which in turn enabled the development of several microfluidic systems. The microfluidic systems offer a controlled microenvironment for studies of fundamental cell biology, resulting in the rapid development of microfluidic isolation of CTCs. Due to the inherent ability of magnets to provide forces at a distance, the technology of CTCs isolation based on the magnetophoresis mechanism has become a routine methodology. This historical review aims to introduce two principles of magnetic isolation and recent techniques, facilitating research in this field and providing alternatives for researchers in their study of magnetic isolation. Researchers intend to promote effective CTC isolation and analysis as well as active development of next-generation cancer treatment. The first part of this review summarizes the primary principles based on positive and negative magnetophoretic isolation and describes the metrics for isolation performance. The second part presents a detailed overview of the factors that affect the performance of CTC magnetic isolation, including the magnetic field sources, functionalized magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic fluids, and magnetically driven microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laan Luo
- School of Chemical EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
| | - Yongqing He
- School of Chemical EngineeringKunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro‐Nano System and Intelligent SensingChongqing Technology and Business UniversityChongqingChina
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32
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Lei KF. A Review on Microdevices for Isolating Circulating Tumor Cells. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E531. [PMID: 32456042 PMCID: PMC7281722 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the primary cause of high mortality of cancer patients. Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the bloodstream is a very important indicator to estimate the therapeutic outcome in various metastatic cancers. The aim of this article is to review recent developments on the CTC isolation technologies in microdevices. Based on the categories of biochemical and biophysical isolation approaches, a literature review and in-depth discussion will be included to provide an overview of this challenging topic. The current excellent developments suggest promising CTC isolation methods in order to establish a precise indicator of the therapeutic outcome of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Fong Lei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; ; Tel.: +886-3-2118800 (ext. 5345)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
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De Michino S, Aparnathi M, Rostami A, Lok BH, Bratman SV. The Utility of Liquid Biopsies in Radiation Oncology. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 107:873-886. [PMID: 32417410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of therapeutic radiation is primarily guided by clinicopathologic factors and medical imaging, whereas molecular biomarkers currently play a comparatively minor role in most settings. Liquid biopsies provide a rich source of noninvasive tumor-specific biomarkers and are amenable to repeated and noninvasive assessment. Here, we review the current status of liquid biopsies and their potential impact on the field of radiation oncology. We focus on established and emerging approaches to analyze circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood. These promising classes of biomarkers could have an outsized impact on cancer management by meaningfully stratifying patients into risk groups, tracking radiation therapy efficacy during and after treatment, and identifying patients with radiosensitive or radioresistant disease. Finally, we highlight opportunities for future investigation including the need for prospective interventional studies employing liquid biopsies to guide the management of radiation therapy-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven De Michino
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansi Aparnathi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariana Rostami
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Ooi C, Earhart CM, Hughes CE, Lee JR, Wong DJ, Wilson RJ, Rohatgi R, Wang SX. Flow Homogenization Enables a Massively Parallel Fluidic Design for High-throughput and Multiplexed Cell Isolation. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2020; 5:1900960. [PMID: 33072854 PMCID: PMC7567302 DOI: 10.1002/admt.201900960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are widely used for applications such as cell isolation. Currently, the most common method to improve throughput for microfluidic devices involves fabrication of multiple, identical channels in parallel. However, this 'numbering up' only occurs in one dimension, thereby limiting gains in volumetric throughput. In contrast, macro-fluidic devices permit high volumetric flow-rates but lack the finer control of microfluidics. Here, we demonstrate how a micro-pore array design enables flow homogenization across a magnetic cell capture device, thus creating a massively parallel series of micro-scale flow channels with consistent fluidic and magnetic properties, regardless of spatial location. This design enables scaling in 2-dimensions, allowing flow-rates exceeding 100 mL/hr while maintaining >90% capture efficiencies of spiked lung cancer cells from blood in a simulated circulating tumor cell system. Additionally, this design facilitates modularity in operation, which we demonstrate by combining two different devices in tandem for multiplexed cell separation in a single pass with no additional cell losses from processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinchun Ooi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Fluid Dynamics, Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore
| | - Christopher M. Earhart
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Casey E. Hughes
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jung-Rok Lee
- Division of Mechanical and Biomechanical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dawson J. Wong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Robert J. Wilson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shan X. Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Dianat-Moghadam H, Azizi M, Eslami-S Z, Cortés-Hernández LE, Heidarifard M, Nouri M, Alix-Panabières C. The Role of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Metastatic Cascade: Biology, Technical Challenges, and Clinical Relevance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040867. [PMID: 32260071 PMCID: PMC7225923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases and cancer recurrence are the main causes of cancer death. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells are the drivers of cancer cell dissemination. The assessment of CTCs’ clinical role in early metastasis prediction, diagnosis, and treatment requires more information about their biology, their roles in cancer dormancy, and immune evasion as well as in therapy resistance. Indeed, CTC functional and biochemical phenotypes have been only partially characterized using murine metastasis models and liquid biopsy in human patients. CTC detection, characterization, and enumeration represent a promising tool for tailoring the management of each patient with cancer. The comprehensive understanding of CTCs will provide more opportunities to determine their clinical utility. This review provides much-needed insights into this dynamic field of translational cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran; (H.D.-M.); (M.N.)
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azizi
- Proteomics Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran;
| | - Zahra Eslami-S
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, UPRES, EA2415, 34093 Montpellier, France (L.E.C.-H.)
| | - Luis Enrique Cortés-Hernández
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, UPRES, EA2415, 34093 Montpellier, France (L.E.C.-H.)
| | - Maryam Heidarifard
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51368 Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51368, Iran; (H.D.-M.); (M.N.)
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, UPRES, EA2415, 34093 Montpellier, France (L.E.C.-H.)
- Correspondence:
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Xu X, Jiang Z, Wang J, Ren Y, Wu A. Microfluidic applications on circulating tumor cell isolation and biomimicking of cancer metastasis. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:933-951. [PMID: 32144938 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of malignant tumors is challenged by insufficient means to effectively detect tumors at early stage. Liquid biopsy using circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as biomarkers demonstrates a promising solution to tackle the challenge, because CTCs play a critical role in cancer metastatic process via intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and formation of secondary tumor. However, the effectiveness of the solution is compromised by rarity, heterogeneity, and vulnerability associated with CTCs. Among a plethora of novel approaches for CTC isolation and enrichment, microfluidics leads to isolation and detection of CTCs in a cost-effective and operation-friendly way. Development of microfluidics also makes it feasible to model the cancer metastasis in vitro using a microfluidic system to mimick the in vivo microenvironment, thereby enabling analysis and monitor of tumor metastasis. This paper aims to review the latest advances for exploring the dual-roles microfluidics has played in early cancer diagnosis via CTC isolation and investigating the role of CTCs in cancer metastasis; the merits and drawbacks for dominating microfluidics-based CTC isolation methods are discussed; biomimicking cancer metastasis using microfluidics are presented with example applications on modelling of tumor microenvironment, tumor cell dissemination, tumor migration, and tumor angiogenesis. The future perspectives and challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Xu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, P. R. China.,Research Group for Fluids and Thermal Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, P. R. China.,Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqi Jiang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ren
- Research Group for Fluids and Thermal Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, P. R. China.,Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, P. R. China
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Chen J, Liu CY, Wang X, Sweet E, Liu N, Gong X, Lin L. 3D printed microfluidic devices for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolation. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111900. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Dong J, Chen JF, Smalley M, Zhao M, Ke Z, Zhu Y, Tseng HR. Nanostructured Substrates for Detection and Characterization of Circulating Rare Cells: From Materials Research to Clinical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903663. [PMID: 31566837 PMCID: PMC6946854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Circulating rare cells in the blood are of great significance for both materials research and clinical applications. For example, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been demonstrated as useful biomarkers for "liquid biopsy" of the tumor. Circulating fetal nucleated cells (CFNCs) have shown potential in noninvasive prenatal diagnostics. However, it is technically challenging to detect and isolate circulating rare cells due to their extremely low abundance compared to hematologic cells. Nanostructured substrates offer a unique solution to address these challenges by providing local topographic interactions to strengthen cell adhesion and large surface areas for grafting capture agents, resulting in improved cell capture efficiency, purity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In addition, rare-cell retrieval strategies, including stimulus-responsiveness and additive reagent-triggered release on different nanostructured substrates, allow for on-demand retrieval of the captured CTCs/CFNCs with high cell viability and molecular integrity. Several nanostructured substrate-enabled CTC/CFNC assays are observed maturing from enumeration and subclassification to molecular analyses. These can one day become powerful tools in disease diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and dynamic monitoring of therapeutic response-paving the way for personalized medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Dong
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Smalley
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Methods for Single-Cell Isolation and Preparation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1255:7-27. [PMID: 32949387 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4494-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Within the last decade, single-cell analysis has revolutionized our understanding of cellular processes and heterogeneity across all disciplines of life science. As the transcriptome, genome, or epigenome of individual cells can nowadays be analyzed at low cost and in high-throughput within a few days by modern techniques, tremendous improvements in disease diagnosis on the one hand and the investigation of disease-relevant mechanisms on the other were achieved so far. This relies on the parallel development of reliable cell capturing and single-cell sequencing approaches that have paved the way for comprehensive single-cell studies. Apart from single-cell isolation methods in high-throughput, a variety of methods with distinct specializations were developed, allowing for correlation of transcriptomics with cellular parameters like electrophysiology or morphology.For all single-cell-based approaches, accurate and reliable isolation with proper quality controls is prerequisite, whereby different options exist dependent on sample type and tissue properties. Careful consideration of an appropriate method is required to avoid incorrect or biased data that may lead to misinterpretations.In this chapter, we will provide a broad overview of the current state of the art in matters of single-cell isolation methods mostly applied for sequencing-based downstream analysis, and their respective advantages and drawbacks. Distinct technologies will be discussed in detail addressing key parameters like sample compatibility, viability, purity, throughput, and isolation efficiency.
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40
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Wu X, Bai Z, Wang L, Cui G, Yang M, Yang Q, Ma B, Song Q, Tian D, Ceyssens F, Puers R, Kraft M, Zhao W, Wen L. Magnetic Cell Centrifuge Platform Performance Study with Different Microsieve Pore Geometries. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 20:E48. [PMID: 31861791 PMCID: PMC6983067 DOI: 10.3390/s20010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) plays a crucial role in clinical practice. However, the heterogeneity and rarity of CTCs make their capture and separation from peripheral blood very difficult while maintaining their structural integrity and viability. We previously demonstrated the effectiveness of the Magnetic Cell Centrifuge Platform (MCCP), which combined the magnetic-labeling cell separation mechanism with the size-based method. In this paper, a comparison of the effectiveness of different microsieve pore geometries toward MCCP is demonstrated to improve the yield of the target cell capture. Firstly, models of a trapped cell with rectangular and circular pore geometries are presented to compare the contact force using finite element numerical simulations. The device performance is then evaluated with both constant pressure and constant flow rate experimental conditions. In addition, the efficient isolation of magnetically labeled Hela cells with red fluorescent proteins (target cells) from Hela cells with green fluorescent protein (background cells) is validated. The experimental results show that the circular sieves yield 97% purity of the target cells from the sample with a throughput of up to 2 μL/s and 66-fold sample enrichment. This finding will pave the way for the design of a higher efficient MCCP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Zhongyang Bai
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Guangchao Cui
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Mengzheng Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Bo Ma
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Qinglin Song
- Qingdao Goertek Microelectronics Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Dewen Tian
- Qingdao Goertek Microelectronics Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Frederik Ceyssens
- ESAT-MICAS, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Puers
- ESAT-MICAS, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Kraft
- ESAT-MICAS, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Weisheng Zhao
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Lianggong Wen
- School of Microelectronics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.W.)
- Beihang-Goertek Joint Microelectronics Institute, Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University, Qingdao 266104, China
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Maia FR, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Finding the perfect match between nanoparticles and microfluidics to respond to cancer challenges. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 24:102139. [PMID: 31843662 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The clinical translation of new cancer theranostic has been delayed by inherent cancer's heterogeneity. Additionally, this delay has been enhanced by the lack of an appropriate in vitro model, capable to produce accurate data. Nanoparticles and microfluidic devices have been used to obtain new and more efficient strategies to tackle cancer challenges. On one hand, nanoparticles-based therapeutics can be modified to target specific cells, and/or molecules, and/or modified with drugs, releasing them over time. On the other hand, microfluidic devices allow the exhibition of physiologically complex systems, incorporation of controlled flow, and control of the chemical environment. Herein, we review the use of nanoparticles and microfluidic devices to address different cancer challenges, such as detection of CTCs and biomarkers, point-of-care devices for early diagnosis and improvement of therapies. The future perspectives of cancer challenges are also addressed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Raquel Maia
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Lab, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Lab, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Lab, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
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Xue M, Xiang A, Guo Y, Wang L, Wang R, Wang W, Ji G, Lu Z. Dynamic Halbach array magnet integrated microfluidic system for the continuous-flow separation of rare tumor cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38496-38504. [PMID: 35540230 PMCID: PMC9075830 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the most representative rare cells in peripheral blood, have received great attention due to their clinical utility in liquid biopsy. The downstream analysis of intact CTCs isolated from peripheral blood provides important clinical information for personalized medicine. However, current CTC isolation and detection methods have been challenged by their extreme rarity and heterogeneity. In this study, we developed a novel microfluidic system with a continuously moving Halbach array magnet (dHAMI microfluidic system) for negative isolation CTCs from whole blood, which aimed to capture non-target white blood cells (WBCs) and elute target CTCs. The dynamic and continuous movement of the Halbach array magnet generated a continuous magnetic force acting on the magnetic bead-labelled WBCs in the continuous-flow fluid to negatively exclude the WBCs from the CTCs. Furthermore, the continuously moving magnetic field effectively eliminated the effect of magnetic bead aggregation on the fluid flow to realize the continuous-flow separation of the CTCs without a sample loading volume limitation. The experimental procedure for CTC negative isolation using the dHAMI microfluidic system could be completed within 40 min. Under the optimized experimental conditions of the dHAMI microfluidic system, including the flow rate and concentration of the immunomagnetic bead, the average CTC capture rate over a range of spiked cell numbers (50–1000 cancer cells per mL) was up to 91.6% at a flow rate of 100 μL min−1. Finally, the CTCs were successfully detected in 10 of 10 (100%) blood samples from patients with cancer. Therefore, the dHAMI microfluidic system could effectively isolate intact and heterogeneous CTCs for downstream cellular and molecular analyses, and this robust microfluidic platform with an excellent magnetic manipulation performance also has great application potential for the separation of other rare cells. We develop a dynamic Halbach array magnet integrated microfluidic system for continuous-flow separation of circulating tumor cells from whole blood.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - An Xiang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhai Guo
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Rou Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ji
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Zifan Lu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University) Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
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Kızılkurtlu AA, Polat T, Aydın GB, Akpek A. Lung on a Chip for Drug Screening and Design. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5386-5396. [PMID: 30734673 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190208122204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung-on-a-chip is a micro device that combines the techniques of bioengineering, microbiology, polymer science and microfluidics disciplines in order to mimic physicochemical features and microenvironments, multicellular constructions, cell-cell interfaces of a human lung. Specifically, most novel lung on a chip designs consist of two micro-channeled outer parts, flexible and porous Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane to create separation of air-blood chamber and subsidiary vacuum channels which enable stretching of the PDMS membrane to mimic movement mechanisms of the lung. Therefore, studies aim to emulate both tissue and organ functionality since it shall be creating great potential for advancing the studies about drug discovery, disease etiology and organ physiology compared with 2D (two dimensional) and 3D (three dimensional) cell culture models and current organoids. In this study, history of researches on lung anatomy and physiology, techniques of recreating lung functionality such as cell cultures in 2D and 3D models, organoids were covered and finally most advanced and recent state of the art technology product lung-on-a-chips' construction steps, advantages compared with other techniques, usage in lung modeling and diseases, present and future offers were analyzed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuğçe Polat
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gül Banu Aydın
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ali Akpek
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabancı University, 34956 Tuzla Istanbul, Turkey
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Shishido SN, Carlsson A, Nieva J, Bethel K, Hicks JB, Bazhenova L, Kuhn P. Circulating tumor cells as a response monitor in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2019; 17:294. [PMID: 31462312 PMCID: PMC6714097 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring circulating tumor cells (CTC) has been shown to be prognostic in most solid malignancies. There is no CTC assay in clinical use for lung cancer therapy monitoring due to inconclusive clinical utility data. Limited data has been published outside of the standard CTC enumerations, regarding clinical significance of phenotypic heterogeneity of CTCs in late stage NSCLC and its ability to correlate with treatment outcomes. METHODS In 81 patients with stage IV NSCLC, multiple timepoints for CTC analysis were collected after initiation of treatment across 139 lines of therapy using single cell high definition diagnostic pathology imaging of all nucleated cells from 362 peripheral blood samples as a liquid biopsy. RESULTS We analyzed the subset of 25 patients with complete time series data, totaling 117 blood samples, to determine the significance of HD-CTC kinetics during the initiation of treatment. These kinetics follow three distinct patterns: an increase in HD-CTCs with therapy (mean + 118.40 HD-CTCs/mL), unchanged HD-CTCs numbers (stable; mean 0.54 HD-CTCs/mL), and a decrease in HD-CTCs numbers (mean - 81.40 HD-CTCs/mL). Patients with an increasing CTC count during the first 3 months post initiation of new treatment had a better PFS and OS compared to the other groups. There was weak correlation between the absolute number of HD-CTCs at a single time point of therapy and patient outcomes (OS p value = 0.0754). In the whole cohort of 81 patients, HD-CTCs were detected in 51 (63%) patients at initiation of therapy with a median of 2.20 (range 0-509.20) and a mean of 26.21 HD-CTCs/mL (± 15.64). CONCLUSIONS CTCs are identifiable in most patients with stage IV NSCLC. While absolute HD-CTC counts do not correlate with prognosis, the changes in CTC counts were predictive of survival in patients with metastatic lung cancer receiving chemotherapy. The level and dynamics of CTCs indicate very different biological and pharmacological phenomena at different stages of disease and timepoints of treatment, highlighting the complex role of CTCs in cancer research and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N. Shishido
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 1002 W Childs Way, MCB351, MC:3502, Los Angeles, CA 90089-3502 USA
| | - Anders Carlsson
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 1002 W Childs Way, MCB351, MC:3502, Los Angeles, CA 90089-3502 USA
| | - Jorge Nieva
- University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 3440, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Kelly Bethel
- Scripps Clinic, Department of Pathology, 10666 North Torrey Pines Road, MC211C, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - James B. Hicks
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 1002 W Childs Way, MCB351, MC:3502, Los Angeles, CA 90089-3502 USA
| | - Lyudmila Bazhenova
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, 1002 W Childs Way, MCB351, MC:3502, Los Angeles, CA 90089-3502 USA
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Su Y, Tian Q, Pan D, Hui L, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Tian W, Yu J, Hu S, Gao Y, Qian D, Xie T, Wang B. Antibody-Functional Microsphere-Integrated Filter Chip with Inertial Microflow for Size-Immune-Capturing and Digital Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29569-29578. [PMID: 31361117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood is the direct cause of tumor metastasis. The isolation and detection of CTCs in the whole blood is very important and of clinical value in early diagnosis, postoperative review, and personalized treatment. It is difficult to separate all types of CTCs that efficiently rely on a single path due to cancer cell heterogenicity. Here, we designed a new kind of "filter chip" for the retention of CTCs with very high efficiency by integrating the effects of cell size and specific antigens on the surface of tumor cells. The filter chip consists of a semicircle arc and arrays and can separate large-scale CTC microspheres, which combined with CTCs automatically. We synthesized interfacial zinc oxide coating with nanostructure on the surface of the microsphere to increase the specific surface area to enhance the capturing efficiency of CTCs. Microspheres, trapped in the arrays, would entrap CTCs, too. The combination of the three kinds of strategies resulted in more than 90% capture efficiency of different tumor cell lines. Furthermore, it is easy to find and isolate the circulating tumor cells from the chip as tumor cells would be fixed inside the structure of a filter chip. To avoid the high background contamination when a few CTCs are surrounded by millions of nontarget cells, a digital detection method was applied to improve the detection sensitivity. The CTCs in the whole blood were specifically labeled by the antibody-DNA conjugates and detected via the DNA of the conjugates with a signal amplification. The strategy of the antibody-functional microsphere-integrated microchip for cell sorting and detection of CTCs may find broad implications that favor the fundamental cancer biology research, the precise diagnosis, and monitoring of cancer in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Qingchang Tian
- Institute of Translational Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institute and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311100 , China
| | - Dingyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Department of Engineering Mechanics , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Lanlan Hui
- Institute of Translational Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Yanni Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310003 , China
| | | | - Jie Yu
- Hangzhou Watson Biotech. Inc. , Hangzhou 310051 , China
| | | | | | - Dahong Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Holistic Integrative Oncology Institute and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine , Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou 311100 , China
| | - Ben Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
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Li W, Li R, Huang B, Wang Z, Sun Y, Wei X, Heng C, Liu W, Yu M, Guo SS, Zhao XZ. TiO 2 nanopillar arrays coated with gelatin film for efficient capture and undamaged release of circulating tumor cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:335101. [PMID: 30965310 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab176c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important for the detection and treatment of cancer. Nevertheless, a low density of circulating tumor cells makes the capture and release of CTCs an obstacle. In this work, TiO2 nanopillar arrays coated with gelatin film were synthesized for efficient capture and undamaged release of circulating tumor cells. The scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope images demonstrate that the substrate has a certain roughness. The interaction between the cell membrane and the nanostructure substrate contributes to the efficient capture of CTC (capture efficiency up to 94.98%). The gelatin layer has excellent biocompatibility and can be rapidly digested by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9), which realizes the non-destructive release of CTCs (0.1 mg ml-1, 5 min, nearly 100% release efficiency, activity 100%). Therefore, by our strategy, the CTCs can be efficiently captured and released undamaged, which is important for subsequent analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, People's Republic of China
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Cheng SB, Chen MM, Wang YK, Sun ZH, Xie M, Huang WH. Current techniques and future advance of microfluidic devices for circulating tumor cells. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Engineering microfluidic chip for circulating tumor cells: From enrichment, release to single cell analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Song W, Li X, Zhao Y, Liu C, Xu J, Wang H, Zhang T. Functional, UV-curable coating for the capture of circulating tumor cells. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:2383-2393. [PMID: 30916683 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00264b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The capture of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis, personalized treatment and postoperative evaluation of malignant tumors. In this study, UV-curable coating technology was combined with antibody immobilization to enable CTC captures on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates. Controlled amounts of carboxyl groups and polyethylene glycol (PEG) segments were introduced into the coating formulation to facilitate immobilization of antibodies and block non-specific protein adsorption, respectively. Then, anti-EpCAM antibodies were immobilized on functionalized, coated PMMA substrates by EDC/NHS chemistry. Multiple physical, chemical and biological properties were investigated, including hydrophilicity, protein adsorption, platelet adhesion and anticoagulant properties. Thereafter, optimized coatings were applied on the inner wall of PMMA tubes, followed by immobilization of anti-EpCAM antibodies. After perfusion of the tubes with whole blood, enriched with SGC7901 gastric cancer cells that overexpress EpCAM antigens, rapid and efficient capture of the tumor cells was observed. These results provide a basis for further development of devices for the selective capture and enrichment of CTCs, using small blood volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyun Song
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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50
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Barrios-Gumiel A, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Jiménez JL, Gómez R, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, de la Mata FJ. Dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for HIV-1 capture and rapid diagnostic. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:360-368. [PMID: 31158698 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a global public health problem. Detection and reduction of the rates of late diagnosis of HIV-1 infection are one of the main challenges in combating the HIV-1 epidemic. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have several characteristics that make them susceptible to capture HIV-1 of a wide range of biological samples reducing waiting times between the acquisition of HIV-1 infection and its detection by current techniques. Carbosilane dendrons decorated with peripheral carboxyl groups and alcoxysilane function at the focal point have been used to stabilize MNPs by co-precipitation method in one step. The characterization of these systems and of their carboxylate analogues was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ζ potential and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The ability of carboxyl and carboxylate MNPs to capture R5-HIV-1 and X4-HIV-1 strains was evaluated to achieve a rapid and easy diagnostic method in order to reduce or eliminate the risk of HIV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barrios-Gumiel
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Spain
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Spain; Sección Inmunología. Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Jiménez
- Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Spain; Sección Inmunología. Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain; Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Spain; Sección Inmunología. Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain; Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; IiSGM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Javier de la Mata
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Spain; Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Spain.
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