1
|
Multifunctional Gelatin-Nanoparticle-Modified Chip for Enhanced Capture and Non-Destructive Release of Circulating Tumor Cells. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030395. [PMID: 35334686 PMCID: PMC8955365 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in cancer patients’ peripheral blood have been demonstrated to be a significant biomarker for metastasis detection, disease prognosis, and therapy response. Due to their extremely low concentrations, efficient enrichment and non-destructive release are needed. Herein, an FTO chip modified with multifunctional gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) was designed for the specific capture and non-destructive release of CTCs. These nanoparticles share a similar dimension with the microvilli and pseudopodium of the cellular surface; thus, they can enhance adhesion to CTCs, and then GNPs can be degraded by the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), gently releasing the captured cells. In addition, the transparency of the chip makes it possible for fluorescence immunoassay identification in situ under a microscope. Our chip attained a high capture efficiency of 89.27%, a release efficiency of 91.98%, and an excellent cellular viability of 96.91% when the concentration of MMP-9 was 0.2 mg/mL. Moreover, we successfully identified CTCs from cancer patients’ blood samples. This simple-to-operate, low-cost chip exhibits great potential for clinical application.
Collapse
|
2
|
Membrane interactions in drug delivery: Model cell membranes and orthogonal techniques. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 281:102177. [PMID: 32417568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To generate the desired effect in the human body, the active pharmaceutical ingredient usually needs to interact with a receptor located on the cell membrane or inside the cell. Thus, understanding membrane interactions is of great importance when it comes to the development and testing of new drug molecules or new drug delivery systems. Nowadays, there is a tremendous selection of both model cell membranes and of techniques that can be used to characterize interactions between selected model cell membranes and a drug molecule, an excipient, or a drug delivery system. Having such a wide selection of model cell membranes and techniques available makes it sometimes challenging to select the optimal combination for a specific study. Furthermore, it is difficult to compare results obtained using different model cell membranes and techniques, and not all in vitro studies translate as well to an estimation of the in vivo biological activity or understanding of mode of action. This review provides an overview of the available lipid bilayer-based model cell membranes and of the most widely employed techniques for studying membrane interactions. Finally, the need for employing complimentary characterization techniques in order to acquire more reliable and in-depth information is highlighted.
Collapse
|
3
|
Day JH, Nicholson TM, Su X, van Neel TL, Clinton I, Kothandapani A, Lee J, Greenberg MH, Amory JK, Walsh TJ, Muller CH, Franco OE, Jefcoate CR, Crawford SE, Jorgensen JS, Theberge AB. Injection molded open microfluidic well plate inserts for user-friendly coculture and microscopy. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:107-119. [PMID: 31712791 PMCID: PMC6917835 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00706g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Open microfluidic cell culture systems are powerful tools for interrogating biological mechanisms. We have previously presented a microscale cell culture system, based on spontaneous capillary flow of biocompatible hydrogels, that is integrated into a standard cell culture well plate, with flexible cell compartment geometries and easy pipet access. Here, we present two new injection molded open microfluidic devices that also easily insert into standard cell culture well plates and standard culture workflows, allowing seamless adoption by biomedical researchers. These platforms allow culture and study of soluble factor communication among multiple cell types, and the microscale dimensions are well-suited for rare primary cells. Unique advances include optimized evaporation control within the well, manufacture with reproducible and cost-effective rapid injection molding, and compatibility with sample preparation workflows for high resolution microscopy (following well-established coverslip mounting procedures). In this work, we present several use cases that highlight the usability and widespread utility of our platform including culture of limited primary testis cells from surgical patients, microscopy readouts including immunocytochemistry and single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH), and coculture to study interactions between adipocytes and prostate cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John H Day
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Tristan M Nicholson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. and Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xiaojing Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Tammi L van Neel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Ivor Clinton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Anbarasi Kothandapani
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA and Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Max H Greenberg
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - John K Amory
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Charles H Muller
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA and Male Fertility Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Omar E Franco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Colin R Jefcoate
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Susan E Crawford
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Joan S Jorgensen
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. and Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lim AE, Lim CY, Lam YC, Taboryski R. Electroosmotic Flow in Microchannel with Black Silicon Nanostructures. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E229. [PMID: 30424162 PMCID: PMC6187698 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although electroosmotic flow (EOF) has been applied to drive fluid flow in microfluidic chips, some of the phenomena associated with it can adversely affect the performance of certain applications such as electrophoresis and ion preconcentration. To minimize the undesirable effects, EOF can be suppressed by polymer coatings or introduction of nanostructures. In this work, we presented a novel technique that employs the Dry Etching, Electroplating and Molding (DEEMO) process along with reactive ion etching (RIE), to fabricate microchannel with black silicon nanostructures (prolate hemispheroid-like structures). The effect of black silicon nanostructures on EOF was examined experimentally by current monitoring method, and numerically by finite element simulations. The experimental results showed that the EOF velocity was reduced by 13 ± 7%, which is reasonably close to the simulation results that predict a reduction of approximately 8%. EOF reduction is caused by the distortion of local electric field at the nanostructured surface. Numerical simulations show that the EOF velocity decreases with increasing nanostructure height or decreasing diameter. This reveals the potential of tuning the etching process parameters to generate nanostructures for better EOF suppression. The outcome of this investigation enhances the fundamental understanding of EOF behavior, with implications on the precise EOF control in devices utilizing nanostructured surfaces for chemical and biological analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Eng Lim
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Chun Yee Lim
- Engineering Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138682, Singapore.
| | - Yee Cheong Lam
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Rafael Taboryski
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Matteucci M, Heiskanen A, Zór K, Emnéus J, Taboryski R. Comparison of Ultrasonic Welding and Thermal Bonding for the Integration of Thin Film Metal Electrodes in Injection Molded Polymeric Lab-on-Chip Systems for Electrochemistry. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16111795. [PMID: 27801809 PMCID: PMC5134454 DOI: 10.3390/s16111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We compare ultrasonic welding (UW) and thermal bonding (TB) for the integration of embedded thin-film gold electrodes for electrochemical applications in injection molded (IM) microfluidic chips. The UW bonded chips showed a significantly superior electrochemical performance compared to the ones obtained using TB. Parameters such as metal thickness of electrodes, depth of electrode embedding, delivered power, and height of energy directors (for UW), as well as pressure and temperature (for TB), were systematically studied to evaluate the two bonding methods and requirements for optimal electrochemical performance. The presented technology is intended for easy and effective integration of polymeric Lab-on-Chip systems to encourage their use in research, commercialization and education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Matteucci
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Arto Heiskanen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Kinga Zór
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Jenny Emnéus
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Rafael Taboryski
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guckenberger DJ, de Groot TE, Wan AMD, Beebe DJ, Young EWK. Micromilling: a method for ultra-rapid prototyping of plastic microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2364-78. [PMID: 25906246 PMCID: PMC4439323 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00234f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial review offers protocols, tips, insight, and considerations for practitioners interested in using micromilling to create microfluidic devices. The objective is to provide a potential user with information to guide them on whether micromilling would fill a specific need within their overall fabrication strategy. Comparisons are made between micromilling and other common fabrication methods for plastics in terms of technical capabilities and cost. The main discussion focuses on "how-to" aspects of micromilling, to enable a user to select proper equipment and tools, and obtain usable microfluidic parts with minimal start-up time and effort. The supplementary information provides more extensive discussion on CNC mill setup, alignment, and programming. We aim to reach an audience with minimal prior experience in milling, but with strong interests in fabrication of microfluidic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Guckenberger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bruhn BR, Liu H, Schuhladen S, Hunt AJ, Mordovanakis A, Mayer M. Dual-pore glass chips for cell-attached single-channel recordings. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:2410-7. [PMID: 24844315 PMCID: PMC4121072 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00370e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While high-throughput planar patch-clamp instruments are now established to perform whole-cell recordings for drug screening, the conventional micropipette-based approach remains the gold standard for performing cell-attached single-channel recordings. Generally, planar platforms are not well-suited for such studies due to excess noise resulting from low seal resistances and the use of substrates with poor dielectric properties. Since these platforms tend to use the same pore to position a cell by suction and establish a seal, biological debris from the cell suspension can contaminate the pore surface prior to seal formation, reducing the seal resistance. Here, femtosecond laser ablation was used to fabricate dual-pore glass chips optimized for use in cell-attached single-channel recordings that circumvent this problem by using different pores to position a cell and to establish a seal. This dual-pore design also permitted the use of a relatively small patch aperture (D ~ 150 to 300 nm) that is better-suited for establishing high-resistance seals than the micropores used typically in planar patch-clamp setups (D ~ 1 to 2 μm) without compromising the ability of the device to position a cell. Taking advantage of the high seal resistances and low capacitive and dielectric noise realized using glass substrates, patch-clamp experiments with these dual-pore chips consistently achieved high seal resistances (rate of gigaseal formation = 61%, mean seal resistance = 53 GΩ), maintained gigaseals for prolonged durations (up to 6 hours), achieved RMS noise values as low as 0.46 pA at 5 kHz bandwidth, and enabled single-channel recordings in the cell-attached configuration that are comparable to those obtained by conventional patch-clamp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Bruhn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|