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He C, Yao J, Yang C, Wang J, Sun B, Liao G, Shi T, Liu Z. Irreversible Bonding of Polydimethylsiloxane-Lithium Niobate using Oxygen Plasma Modification for Surface Acoustic Wave based Microfluidic Application: Theory and Experiment. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301321. [PMID: 38054603 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic microfluidic chips, fabricated by combining lithium niobate (LiNbO3) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), practically find applications in biomedicine. However, high-strength direct bonding of LiNbO3 substrate with PDMS microchannel remains a challenge due to the large mismatching of thermal expansion coefficient at the interface and the lack of bonding theory. This paper elaborately reveals the bonding mechanisms of PDMS and LiNbO3, demonstrating an irreversible bonding method for PDMS-LiNbO3 heterostructures using oxygen plasma modification. An in-situ monitoring strategy by using resonant devices is proposed for oxygen plasma, including quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) covered with PDMS and surface acoustic wave (SAW) fabricated by LiNbO3. When oxygen plasma exposure occurs, surfaces are cleaned, oxygen ions are implanted, and hydroxyl groups (-OH) are formed. Upon interfaces bonding, the interface will form niobium-oxygen-silicon covalent bonds to realize an irreversible connection. A champion bonding strength is obtained of 1.1 MPa, and the PDMS-LiNbO3 acoustic microfluidic chip excels in leakage tests, withstanding pressures exceeding 60 psi, outperforming many previously reported devices. This work addresses the gap in PDMS-LiNbO3 bonding theory and advances its practical application in the acoustic microfluidic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua He
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Canfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Guanglan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tielin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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2
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Qiu H, Wang H, Yang X, Huo F. High performance isolation of circulating tumor cells by acoustofluidic chip coupled with ultrasonic concentrated energy transducer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113138. [PMID: 36638753 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from whole blood is a challenging task. Although various studies on the separation of CTCs by acoustofluidic devices have been reported, difficulties still persist, such as the complicated equipment, high cost, and difficult operation. Those problems should be resolved urgently. Herein, we developed an acoustofluidic chip separation system coupled with an ultrasonic concentrated energy transducer (UCET) system for efficient separation of CTCs. In the separation system, the acoustically sensitive particles were pre-focused by inertial forces of the PDMS chip channel structure. Then, the particles with different sizes were separated by acoustic radiation forces (ARF). In this study, the circulating tumor cells was simulated (CTCs-like particles) by aminated mesoporous acoustically sensitive particles (MSN@AM) encapsulated carboxylate polystyrene microspheres (PS-COOH). Subsequently, efficient CTCs-like particles separation was achieved by the acoustofluidic chip coupling system. This study effectively separated polystyrene microspheres carrying acoustically sensitive particles (MSN@AM@PS-COOH). However, the MSNs agglomerates and PS microspheres without acoustically sensitive particles did not show phenomenon of separation. This method allows to efficiently separate 2 µm MSNs agglomerates,8.0-8.9 µm PS microspheres and 10-10.5 µm MSN@AM@PS-COOH particles. It is demonstrated that the CTCs-like particles show more sensitive response, longer moving distance, and more obvious separation effect at the condition of the low frequency traveling wave sound field (20 kHz from UCET). This system can maintain the same separation with reduced amount of reagents used for cancer detection. It may provide a reliable basis for sorting out CTCs efficiently from the whole blood of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- Analytical Testing Center, Institute of Micro&Nano Intelligent Sensing, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Analytical Testing Center, Institute of Micro&Nano Intelligent Sensing, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiupei Yang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Feng Huo
- Analytical Testing Center, Institute of Micro&Nano Intelligent Sensing, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106 Sichuan, PR China.
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3
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Hao N, Wang Z, Liu P, Becker R, Yang S, Yang K, Pei Z, Zhang P, Xia J, Shen L, Wang L, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Sanders L, Lee LP, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic multimodal diagnostic system for Alzheimer's disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 196:113730. [PMID: 34736099 PMCID: PMC8643320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative brain disorder that affects tens of millions of older adults worldwide and has significant economic and societal impacts. Despite its prevalence and severity, early diagnosis of AD remains a considerable challenge. Here we report an integrated acoustofluidics-based diagnostic system (ADx), which combines triple functions of acoustics, microfluidics, and orthogonal biosensors for clinically accurate, sensitive, and rapid detection of AD biomarkers from human plasma. We design and fabricate a surface acoustic wave-based acoustofluidic separation device to isolate and purify AD biomarkers to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. Multimodal biosensors within the integrated ADx are fabricated by in-situ patterning of the ZnO nanorod array and deposition of Ag nanoparticles onto the ZnO nanorods for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and electrochemical immunosensors. We obtain the label-free detections of SERS and electrochemical immunoassay of clinical plasma samples from AD patients and healthy controls with high sensitivity and specificity. We believe that this efficient integration provides promising solutions for the early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ryan Becker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Liang Shen
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies, Inc., Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA
| | | | - Laurie Sanders
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Centner CS, Moore JT, Baxter ME, Long ZT, Miller JM, Kovatsenko ES, Xie B, Menze MA, Berson RE, Bates PJ, Yaddanapudi K, Kopechek JA. Acoustofluidic-mediated molecular delivery to human T cells with a three-dimensional-printed flow chamber. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 150:4534. [PMID: 34972278 DOI: 10.1121/10.0009054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have garnered significant interest to treat cancer and other diseases. Acoustofluidic technologies are in development to improve cell therapy manufacturing by facilitating rapid molecular delivery across the plasma membrane via ultrasound and microbubbles (MBs). In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) printed acoustofluidic device was used to deliver a fluorescent molecule, calcein, to human T cells. Intracellular delivery of calcein was assessed after varying parameters such as MB face charge, MB concentration, flow channel geometry, ultrasound pressure, and delivery time point after ultrasound treatment. MBs with a cationic surface charge caused statistically significant increases in calcein delivery during acoustofluidic treatment compared to MBs with a neutral surface charge (p < 0.001). Calcein delivery was significantly higher with a concentric spiral channel geometry compared to a rectilinear channel geometry (p < 0.001). Additionally, calcein delivery was significantly enhanced at increased ultrasound pressures of 5.1 MPa compared to lower ultrasound pressures between 0-3.8 MPa (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that a 3D-printed acoustofluidic device can significantly enhance intracellular delivery of biomolecules to T cells, which may be a viable approach to advance cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor S Centner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - John T Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Mary E Baxter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Zachary T Long
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Jacob M Miller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Xie
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Michael A Menze
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - R Eric Berson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - Paula J Bates
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Kavitha Yaddanapudi
- Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kopechek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
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5
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Jiang D, Liu J, Pan Y, Zhuang L, Wang P. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) techniques in tissue engineering. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 386:215-226. [PMID: 34390407 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the introduction of surface acoustic wave (SAW) technique for microfluidics has drawn a lot of attention. The pattern and mutual communication in cell layers, tissues, and organs play a critical role in tissue homeostasis and regeneration and may contribute to disease occurrence and progression. Tissue engineering aims to repair and regenerate damaged organs, depending on biomimetic scaffolds and advanced fabrication technology. However, traditional bioengineering synthesis approaches are time-consuming, heterogeneous, and unmanageable. It is hard to pattern cells in scaffolds effectively with no impact on cell viability and function. Here, we summarize a biocompatible, easily available, label-free, and non-invasive tool, surface acoustic wave (SAW) technique, which is getting a lot of attention in tissue engineering. SAW technique can realize accurate sorting, manipulation, and cells' pattern and rapid formation of spheroids. By integrating several SAW devices onto lab-on-a-chip platforms, tissue engineering lab-on-a-chip system was proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to summarize the application of this novel technique in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Jiang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liujing Zhuang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Sensor Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
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6
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High-Throughput Cell Concentration Using A Piezoelectric Pump in Closed-Loop Viscoelastic Microfluidics. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12060677. [PMID: 34207912 PMCID: PMC8229193 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell concentration is a critical process in biological assays and clinical diagnostics for the pre-treatment of extremely rare disease-related cells. The conventional technique for sample preconcentration and centrifugation has the limitations of a batch process requiring expensive and large equipment. Therefore, a high-throughput continuous cell concentration technique needs to be developed. However, in single-pass operation, the required concentration ratio is hard to achieve. In this study, we propose a closed-loop continuous cell concentration system using a viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluid. For miniaturized and integrated systems, two piezoelectric pumps were adopted. The pumping capability generated by a piezoelectric pump in a microfluidic channel was evaluated depending on the applied voltage, frequency, sample viscosity, and channel length. The concentration performance of the device was evaluated using 13 μm particles and white blood cells (WBCs) with different channel lengths and voltages. In the closed-loop system, the focused cells collected at the center outlet were sent back to the inlet, while the buffer solution was removed to the side outlets. Finally, to expand the clinical applicability of our closed-loop system, WBCs in lysed blood samples with 70% hematocrit and prostate cancer cells in urine samples were used. Using the closed-loop system, WBCs were concentrated by ~63.4 ± 0.8-fold within 20 min to a final volume of 160 μL using 10 mL of lysed blood sample with 70% hematocrit (~3 cP). In addition, prostate cancer cells in 10 mL urine samples were concentrated by ~64.1-fold within ~11 min due to low viscosity (~1 cP).
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7
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Huang A, Connacher W, Stambaugh M, Zhang N, Zhang S, Mei J, Jain A, Alluri S, Leung V, Rajapaksa AE, Friend J. Practical microcircuits for handheld acoustofluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:1352-1363. [PMID: 33565534 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01008a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidics has promised to enable lab-on-a-chip and point-of-care devices in ways difficult to achieve using other methods. Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers-as small as the chips they actuate-provide rapid fluid and suspended object transport. Acoustofluidic lab-on-chip devices offer a vast range of benefits in early disease identification and noninvasive drug delivery. However, their potential has long been undermined by the need for benchtop or rack-mount electronics. The piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers within require these equipment and thus acoustofluidic device implementation in a bedside setting has been limited. Here we detail a general process to enable the reader to produce battery or mains-powered microcircuits ideal for driving 1-300 MHz acoustic devices. We include the general design strategy for the circuit, the blocks that collectively define it, and suitable, specific choices for components to produce these blocks. We furthermore illustrate how to incorporate automated resonance finding and tracking, sensing and feedback, and built-in adjustability to accommodate devices' vastly different operating frequencies and powers in a single driver, including examples of fluid and particle manipulation typical of the needs in our discipline. With this in hand, the many groups active in lab-on-a-chip acoustofluidics can now finally deliver on the promise of handheld, point-of-care technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Huang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. http://friend.ucsd.edu
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8
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Liu P, Tian Z, Hao N, Bachman H, Zhang P, Hu J, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic multi-well plates for enrichment of micro/nano particles and cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3399-3409. [PMID: 32779677 PMCID: PMC7494569 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00378f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Controllable enrichment of micro/nanoscale objects plays a significant role in many biomedical and biochemical applications, such as increasing the detection sensitivity of assays, or improving the structures of bio-engineered tissues. However, few techniques can perform concentrations of micro/nano objects in multi-well plates, a very common laboratory vessel. In this work, we develop an acoustofluidic multi-well plate, which adopts an array of simple, low-cost and commercially available ring-shaped piezoelectric transducers for rapid and robust enrichment of micro/nanoscale particles/cells in each well of the plate. The enrichment mechanism is validated and characterized through both numerical simulations and experiments. We observe that the ring-shaped piezoelectric transducer can generate circular standing flexural waves in the substrate of each well, and that the vibrations can induce acoustic streaming near the interface between the substrate and a fluid droplet placed within the well; this streaming can drive micro/nanoscale objects to the center of the droplet for enrichment. Moreover, the acoustofluidic multi-well plate can realize simultaneous and consistent enrichment of biological cells in each well of the plate. With merits such as simplicity, controllability, low cost, and excellent compatibility with other downstream analysis tools, the developed acoustofluidic multi-well plate could be a versatile tool for many applications such as micro/nano fabrication, self-assembly, biomedical/biochemical sensing, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Weser R, Winkler A, Weihnacht M, Menzel S, Schmidt H. The complexity of surface acoustic wave fields used for microfluidic applications. ULTRASONICS 2020; 106:106160. [PMID: 32334142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Using surface acoustic waves (SAW) for the agitation and manipulation of fluids and immersed particles or cells in lab-on-a-chip systems has been state of the art for several years. Basic tasks comprise fluid mixing, atomization of liquids as well as sorting and separation (or trapping) of particles and cells, e.g. in so-called acoustic tweezers. Even though the fundamental principles governing SAW excitation and propagation on anisotropic, piezoelectric substrates are well-investigated, the complexity of wave field effects including SAW diffraction, refraction and interference cannot be comprehensively simulated at this point of time with sufficient accuracy. However, the design of microfluidic actuators relies on a profound knowledge of SAW propagation, including superposition of multiple SAWs, to achieve the predestined functionality of the devices. Here, we present extensive experimental results of high-resolution analysis of the lateral distribution of the complex displacement amplitude, i.e. the wave field, alongside with the electrical S-parameters of the generating transducers. These measurements were carried out and are compared in setups utilizing travelling SAW (tSAW) excited by single interdigital transducer (IDT), standing SAW generated between two IDTs (1DsSAW, 1D acoustic tweezers) and between two pairs of IDTs (2DsSAW, 2D acoustic tweezers) with different angular alignment in respect to pure Rayleigh mode propagation directions and other practically relevant orientations. For these basic configurations, typically used to drive SAW-based microfluidics, the influence of common SAW phenomena including beam steering, coupling coefficient dispersion and diffraction on the resultant wave field is investigated. The results show how tailoring of the acoustic conditions, based on profound knowledge of the physical effects, can be achieved to finally realize a desired behavior of a SAW-based microacoustic-fluidic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Weser
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, SAWLab Saxony, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - A Winkler
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, SAWLab Saxony, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Weihnacht
- InnoXacs GmbH, Am Muehlfeld 34, 01744 Dippoldiswalde, Germany
| | - S Menzel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, SAWLab Saxony, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - H Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, SAWLab Saxony, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Patel Y, Janusas G, Palevicius A, Vilkauskas A. Development of Nanoporous AAO Membrane for Nano Filtration Using the Acoustophoresis Method. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20143833. [PMID: 32660052 PMCID: PMC7412301 DOI: 10.3390/s20143833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A concept of a nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as a vibro-active micro/nano-filter in a micro hydro mechanical system for the filtration, separation, and manipulation of bioparticles is reported in this paper. For the fabrication of a nanoporous AAO, a two-step mild anodization (MA) and hard anodization (HA) technique was used. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the surface morphology of nanoporous AAO. A nanoporous structure with a pore diameter in the range of 50–90 nm, an interpore distance of 110 nm, and an oxide layer thickness of 0.12 mm with 60.72% porosity was obtained. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to evaluate AAO chemical properties. The obtained results showed that the AAO structure is of hexagonal symmetry and showed where Al2O3 is dominant. The hydrophobic properties of the nanoporous surface were characterized by water contact angle measurement. It was observed that the surface of the nanoporous AAO membrane is hydrophilic. Furthermore, to determine whether a nanomembrane could function as a vibro-active nano filter, a numerical simulation was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 (COMSOL Inc, Stockholm, Sweden). Here, a membrane was excited at a frequency range of 0–100 kHz for surface acoustics wave (SAW) distribution on the surface of the nanoporous AAO using a PZT 5H cylinder (Piezo Hannas, Wuhan, China). The SAW, standing acoustic waves, and travelling acoustic waves of different wavelengths were excited to the fabricated AAO membrane and the results were compared with experimental ones, obtained from non-destructive testing method 3D scanning vibrometer (PSV-500-3D-HV, Polytec GmbH, Waldbronn, Germany) and holographic interferometry system (PRISM, Hy-Tech Forming Systems (USA), Phoenix, AZ, USA). Finally, a simulation of a single nanotube was performed to analyze the acoustic pressure distribution and time, needed to center nanoparticles in the nanotube.
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11
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Akther A, Marqus S, Rezk AR, Yeo LY. Submicron Particle and Cell Concentration in a Closed Chamber Surface Acoustic Wave Microcentrifuge. Anal Chem 2020; 92:10024-10032. [PMID: 32475111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Preconcentrating particulate and cellular matter for their isolation or detection is often a necessary and critical sample preparation or purification step in many lab-on-a-chip diagnostic devices. While surface acoustic wave (SAW) microcentrifugation has been demonstrated as a powerful means to drive efficient particle concentration, this has primarily been limited to micron dimension particles. When the particle size is around 1 μm or below, studies on SAW microcentrifugation to date have shown that particle ring-like aggregates can only be obtained in contrast to the localized concentrated clusters that are obtained with larger particles. Considering the importance of submicron particles and bioparticles that are common in many real-world samples, we elucidate why previous studies have not been able to achieve the concentration of these smaller particles to completion, and we present a practical solution involving a novel closed chamber configuration that minimizes sample heating and eliminates evaporation to show that it is indeed possible to drive submicron particle and cell concentration down to 200 nm diameters with SAW microcentrifugation over longer durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Akther
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Susan Marqus
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Hao N, Liu P, Bachman H, Pei Z, Zhang P, Rufo J, Wang Z, Zhao S, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidics-Assisted Engineering of Multifunctional Three-Dimensional Zinc Oxide Nanoarrays. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6150-6163. [PMID: 32352741 PMCID: PMC7415004 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The integration of acoustics and microfluidics (termed acoustofluidics) presents a frontier in the engineering of functional micro-/nanomaterials. Acoustofluidic techniques enable active and precise spatiotemporal control of matter, providing great potential for the design of advanced nanosystems with tunable material properties. In this work, we introduce an acoustofluidic approach for engineering multifunctional three-dimensional nanostructure arrays and demonstrate their potential in enrichment and biosensing applications. In particular, our acoustofluidic device integrates an acoustic transducer with a sharp-edge-based acoustofluidic reactor that enables uniform patterning of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoarrays with customizable lengths, densities, diameters, and other properties. The resulting ZnO nanoarray-coated glass capillaries can rapidly and efficiently capture and enrich biomolecules with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to several hundred nanometers. In order to enable the detection of these biomolecules, silver (Ag) nanoparticles are deposited onto the ZnO nanoarrays, and the integrated ZnO-Ag capillary device functions as a label-free plasmonic biosensing system for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based detection of exosomes, DNA oligonucleotides, and E. coli bacteria. The optical sensing enhancement of ZnO-Ag capillary is further validated through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. These findings not only provide insights into the engineering of functional micro/nanomaterials using acoustofluidics but also shed light onto the development of portable microanalytical devices for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Shuaiguo Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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13
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Xiang N, Li Q, Ni Z. Combining Inertial Microfluidics with Cross-Flow Filtration for High-Fold and High-Throughput Passive Volume Reduction. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6770-6776. [PMID: 32297510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We reporte a three-stage spiral channel device for achieving high-fold and high-throughput passive volume reduction through coupling inertial microfluidics with cross-flow filtration. To understand the device physics and optimize the structure, the effects of critical channel design on particle dynamics and volume reduction performance were explored. Then the principle of volume reduction was used for concentrating cells from large-volume fluids, and the concentration performance of differently sized particles/cells in the determined device was quantitatively characterized over wide flow rates. The results indicated that our device could achieve high-efficiency cell concentration at a high throughput of over 4 mL/min. Finally, we successfully applied our device for the enrichment of rare tumor cells after being separated from the blood or peritoneal fluid and the extremely high fold concentration of white blood cells from the large-volume fluid. Using a serial concentration, an ultrahigh concentration fold of approximately 1100 could be achieved. Our device offers numerous advantages, such as high-processing throughput, high concentration fold, simple channel design, and low-cost fabrication. Thus, it holds the potential to be used as a sample concentration tool for disposable use in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Qiao Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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14
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Qin X, Wang H, Wei X. Intra-droplet particle enrichment in a focused acoustic field. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11565-11572. [PMID: 35496581 PMCID: PMC9050619 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Particle enrichment is an important preparation or collection process in biomedical and biochemical experiments, but the enrichment process in droplets is harder to realize than in continuous fluid. Here we demonstrate an on-chip, label-free and controllable intra-droplet particle enrichment realized in a focused acoustic field. In this process, droplets containing microparticles are trapped, merged together and split off in the focused acoustic region, resulting in droplets with particles of high concentration. By changing the experimental conditions, the degree of enrichment of this method can be tuned up to 26 times, which enables it to meet requirements for sample preparation in various applications. Particle enrichment is an important preparation/collection process in biomedical and biochemical experiments, but enrichment in droplets is harder to realize than in continuous fluid. We demonstrate an intra-droplet particle enrichment in a focused acoustic field.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Hairong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Xueyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an
- China
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15
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Sukumar P, Deliorman M, Brimmo AT, Alnemari R, Elsori D, Chen W, Qasaimeh MA. Airplug-mediated isolation and centralization of single T cells in rectangular microwells for biosensing. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:1900085. [PMID: 33117882 PMCID: PMC7591138 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sorting cells in a single cell per microwell format is of great interest to basic biology studies, biotherapeutics, and biosensing including cell phenotyping. For instance, isolation of individual immune T cells in rectangular microwells has been shown to empower the multiplex cytokine profiling at the single cell level for therapeutics applications. The present study, however, shows that there is an existing bias in temporal cytokine sensing that originates from random "unpredicted" positions of loaded cells within the rectangular microwells. To eliminate this bias, the isolated cells need to be well-aligned with each other and relative to the sensing elements. Hence, an approach that utilizes the in situ formation and release of airplugs to localize cells towards the center of the rectangular microwells is reported. The chip includes 2250 microwells (each 500 × 50 × 20 μm3) arranged in 9 rows. Results showed 20% efficiency in trapping single T cells per microwells, where cells are localized within ±3% of the center of microwells. The developed platform could provide real-time dynamic and unbiased multiplex cytokine detection from single T cells for phenotyping and biotherapeutics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Sukumar
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Muhammedin Deliorman
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ayoola T Brimmo
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Roaa Alnemari
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Deena Elsori
- Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, Abu Dhabi University, P.O. Box 59911, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Mohammad A Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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16
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Xiang N, Li Q, Shi Z, Zhou C, Jiang F, Han Y, Ni Z. Low-cost multi-core inertial microfluidic centrifuge for high-throughput cell concentration. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:875-882. [PMID: 31705675 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We developed a low-cost multi-core inertial microfluidic centrifuge (IM-centrifuge) to achieve a continuous-flow cell/particle concentration at a throughput of up to 20 mL/min. To lower the cost of our IM-centrifuge, we clamped a disposable multilayer film-based inertial microfluidic (MFIM) chip with two reusable plastic housings. The key MFIM chip was fabricated in low-cost materials by stacking different polymer-film channel layers and double-sided tape. To increase processing throughput, multiplexing spiral inertial microfluidic channels were integrated within an all-in-one MFIM chip, and a novel sample distribution strategy was employed to equally distribute the sample into each channel layer. Then, we characterized the focusing performance in the MFIM chip over a wide flow-rate range. The experimental results showed that our IM-centrifuge was able to focus various-sized particles/cells to achieve volume reduction. The sample distribution strategy also effectively ensured identical focusing and concentration performances in different cores. Finally, our IM-centrifuge was successfully applied to concentrate microalgae cells with irregular shapes and highly polydisperse sizes. Thus, our IM-centrifuge holds the potential to be employed as a low-cost, high-throughput centrifuge for disposable use in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fengtao Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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17
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Li X, Huffman J, Ranganathan N, He Z, Li P. Acoustofluidic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) platform enabled by coupled acoustic streaming. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1079:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Hymel SJ, Lan H, Fujioka H, Khismatullin DB. Cell trapping in Y-junction microchannels: A numerical study of the bifurcation angle effect in inertial microfluidics. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2019; 31:082003. [PMID: 31406457 PMCID: PMC6688893 DOI: 10.1063/1.5113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The majority of microfluidic technologies for cell sorting and isolation involve bifurcating (e.g., Y- or T-shaped junction) microchannels to trap the cells of a specific type. However, the microfluidic trapping efficiency remains low, independently of whether the cells are separated by a passive or an active sorting method. Using a custom computational algorithm, we studied the migration of separated deformable cells in a Y-junction microchannel, with a bifurcation angle ranging from 30° to 180°. Single or two cells of initially spherical shape were considered under flow conditions corresponding to inertial microfluidics. Through the numerical simulation, we identified the effects of cell size, cytoplasmic viscoelasticity, cortical tension, flow rate, and bifurcation angle on the critical separation distance for cell trapping. The results of this study show that the trapping and isolation of blood cells, and circulating tumor cells in a Y-junction microchannel was most efficient and least dependent on the flow rate at the bifurcation angle of 120°. At this angle, the trapping efficiency for white blood cells and circulating tumor cells increased, respectively, by 46% and 43%, in comparison with the trapping efficiency at 60°. The efficiency to isolate invasive tumor cells from noninvasive ones increased by 32%. This numerical study provides important design criteria to optimize microfluidic technology for deformability-based cell sorting and isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongzhi Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hideki Fujioka
- Center for Computational Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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19
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Binkley MM, Cui M, Li W, Tan S, Berezin MY, Meacham JM. Design, modeling, and experimental validation of an acoustofluidic platform for nanoscale molecular synthesis and detection. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2019; 31:082007. [PMID: 31462888 PMCID: PMC6711656 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies are increasingly implemented to replace manual methods in biological and biochemical sample processing. We explore the feasibility of an acoustofluidic trap for confinement of microparticle reaction substrates against continuously flowing reagents in chemical synthesis and detection applications. Computational models are used to predict the flow and ultrasonic standing wave fields within two longitudinal standing bulk acoustic wave (LSBAW) microchannels operated in the 0.5-2.0 MHz range. Glass (gLSBAW) and silicon (siLSBAW) pillar arrays comprise trapping structures that augment the local acoustic field, while openings between pillars evenly distribute the flow for uniform exposure of substrates to reagents. Frequency spectra (acoustic energy density E ac vs frequency) and model-predicted pressure fields are used to identify longitudinal resonances with pressure minima in bands oriented perpendicular to the inflow direction. Polymeric and glass particles (10- and 20-µm diameter polystyrene beads, 6 µm hollow glass spheres, and 5 µm porous silica microparticles) are confined within acoustic traps operated at longitudinal first and second half-wavelength resonant frequencies (f 1,E = 575 kHz, gLSBAW; f 1,E = 666 kHz; and f 2,E = 1.278 MHz, siLSBAW) as reagents are introduced at 5-10 µl min-1. Anisotropic silicon etched traps are found to improve augmentation of the acoustic pressure field without reducing the volumetric throughput. Finally, in-channel synthesis of a double-labeled antibody conjugate on ultrasound-confined porous silica microparticles demonstrates the feasibility of the LSBAW platform for synthesis and detection. The results provide a computational and experimental framework for continued advancement of the LSBAW platform for other synthetic processes and molecular detection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Binkley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - W Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - S Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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20
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Piperno S, Sazan H, Shpaisman H. Simultaneous polymerization and patterning: A one step acoustic directed assembly method. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Nam J, Jang WS, Lim CS. Non-electrical powered continuous cell concentration for enumeration of residual white blood cells in WBC-depleted blood using a viscoelastic fluid. Talanta 2019; 197:12-19. [PMID: 30771912 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White blood cells (WBCs) are one of the critical components whose number has to be reduced before blood transfusion, failing which adverse transfusion effects may occur in patients. However, due to the extremely low concentration of residual WBCs (r-WBCs) in WBC-depleted blood, it is difficult to quantify r-WBCs accurately without using expensive and voluminous instruments. Therefore, the development of a continuous cell concentration technique is required to produce a countable number of cells from rare cells, which cannot normally be detected. In this paper, we present a viscoelastic microfluidic device for sheathless, continuous concentration of WBCs. The device performance was evaluated using polystyrene particles with different sizes at various flow rate conditions in a non-Newtonian fluid compared to a Newtonian fluid. Large particles with a blockage ratio higher than 0.1 were tightly focused at the center and collected at the center outlet with a 98% collection ratio. Meanwhile, the viscosity effect of lysed blood samples with various hematocrits was considered. Finally, diluted WBCs with various dilution ratios were concentrated by ~18-fold and continuous concentration of WBCs in lysed blood samples was performed using a non-electrical powered hand pump sprayer. Without using an external power source, center-focused WBCs were collected at the center outlet at approximately 150 μl/min and the final number of WBCs was increased to 1.8 × 104 cells/ml from undetectable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghun Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woong Sik Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Seung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Abstract
Acoustics has a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from noise cancelation to ultrasonic imaging. In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in developing acoustic-based methods for biological and biomedical applications. This Perspective summarizes the recent progress in applying acoustofluidic methods (i.e., the fusion of acoustics and microfluidics) to bioanalytical chemistry. We describe the concepts of acoustofluidics and how it can be tailored to different types of bioanalytical applications, including sample concentration, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, label-free cell/particle separation, and fluid manipulation. Examples of each application are given, and the benefits and limitations of these methods are discussed. Finally, our perspectives on the directions that developing solutions should take to address the bottlenecks in the acoustofluidic applications in bioanalytical chemistry are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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23
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Fakhfouri A, Devendran C, Ahmed A, Soria J, Neild A. The size dependant behaviour of particles driven by a travelling surface acoustic wave (TSAW). LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3926-3938. [PMID: 30474095 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01155a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of travelling surface acoustic waves (TSAW) in a microfluidic system provides a powerful tool for the manipulation of particles and cells. In a TSAW driven system, acoustophoretic effects can cause suspended micro-objects to display three distinct responses: (1) swirling, driven by acoustic streaming forces, (2) migration, driven by acoustic radiation forces and (3) patterning in a spatially periodic manner, resulting from diffraction effects. Whilst the first two phenomena have been widely discussed in the literature, the periodic patterning induced by TSAW has only recently been reported and is yet to be fully elucidated. In particular, more in-depth understanding of the size-dependant nature of this effect and the factors involved are required. Herein, we present an experimental and numerical study of the transition in acoustophoretic behaviour of particles influenced by relative dominance of these three mechanisms and characterise it based on particle diameter, channel height, frequency and intensity of the TSAW driven microfluidic system. This study will enable better understanding of the performance of TSAW sorters and allow the development of TSAW systems for particle collection and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armaghan Fakhfouri
- Laboratory for Micro Systems, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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24
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Alam MK, Koomson E, Zou H, Yi C, Li CW, Xu T, Yang M. Recent advances in microfluidic technology for manipulation and analysis of biological cells (2007–2017). Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1044:29-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Zhou Y, Sriphutkiat Y. Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30199023 DOI: 10.3791/58085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a method for increasing the tuning ability of a standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW) for microparticles manipulation in a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system. The simultaneous excitation of the fundamental frequency and its third harmonic, which is termed as dual-frequency excitation, to a pair of interdigital transducers (IDTs) could generate a new type of standing acoustic waves in a microfluidic channel. Varying the power and the phase in the dual-frequency excitation signals results in a reconfigurable field of the acoustic radiation force applied to the microparticles across the microchannel (e.g., the number and location of the pressure nodes and the microparticle concentrations at the corresponding pressure nodes). This article demonstrates that the motion time of the microparticle to only one pressure node can be reduced ~2-fold at the power ratio of the fundamental frequency greater than ~90%. In contrast, there are three pressure nodes in the microchannel if less than this threshold. Furthermore, adjusting the initial phase between the fundamental frequency and the third harmonic results in different motion rates of the three SSAW pressure nodes, as well as in the percentage of microparticles at each pressure node in the microchannel. There is a good agreement between the experimental observation and the numerical predictions. This novel excitation method can easily and non-invasively integrate into the LOC system, with a wide tenability and only a few changes to the experimental set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University;
| | - Yannapol Sriphutkiat
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University
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26
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Castro JO, Ramesan S, Rezk AR, Yeo LY. Continuous tuneable droplet ejection via pulsed surface acoustic wave jetting. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5721-5727. [PMID: 29845144 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02534c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a miniaturised platform for continuous production of single or multiple liquid droplets with diameters between 60 and 500 μm by interfacing a capillary-driven self-replenishing liquid feed with pulsed excitation of focussed surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The orifice-free operation circumvents the disadvantages of conventional jetting systems, which are often prone to clogging that eventuates in rapid degradation of the operational performance. Additionally, we show the possibility for flexibly tuning the ejected droplet size through the pulse width duration, thus avoiding the need for a separate device for every different droplet size required, as is the case for systems in which the droplet size is set by nozzles and orifices, as well as preceding ultrasonic jetting platforms where the droplet size is controlled by the operating frequency. Further, we demonstrate that cells can be jetted and hence printed onto substrates with control over the cell density within the droplets down to single cells. Given that the jetting does not lead to significant loss to the cell's viability or ability to proliferate, we envisage that this versatile jetting method can potentially be exploited with further development for cell encapsulation, dispensing and 3D bioprinting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine O Castro
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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27
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Xiang N, Shi X, Han Y, Shi Z, Jiang F, Ni Z. Inertial Microfluidic Syringe Cell Concentrator. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9515-9522. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zhiguo Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Fengtao Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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28
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Connacher W, Zhang N, Huang A, Mei J, Zhang S, Gopesh T, Friend J. Micro/nano acoustofluidics: materials, phenomena, design, devices, and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1952-1996. [PMID: 29922774 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic actuation of fluids at small scales may finally enable a comprehensive lab-on-a-chip revolution in microfluidics, overcoming long-standing difficulties in fluid and particle manipulation on-chip. In this comprehensive review, we examine the fundamentals of piezoelectricity, piezoelectric materials, and transducers; revisit the basics of acoustofluidics; and give the reader a detailed look at recent technological advances and current scientific discussions in the discipline. Recent achievements are placed in the context of classic reports for the actuation of fluid and particles via acoustic waves, both within sessile drops and closed channels. Other aspects of micro/nano acoustofluidics are examined: atomization, translation, mixing, jetting, and particle manipulation in the context of sessile drops and fluid mixing and pumping, particle manipulation, and formation of droplets in the context of closed channels, plus the most recent results at the nanoscale. These achievements will enable applications across the disciplines of chemistry, biology, medicine, energy, manufacturing, and we suspect a number of others yet unimagined. Basic design concepts and illustrative applications are highlighted in each section, with an emphasis on lab-on-a-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Connacher
- Medically Advanced Devices Laboratory, Center for Medical Devices and Instrumentation, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA.
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Cui M, Binkley MM, Shekhani HN, Berezin MY, Meacham JM. Augmented longitudinal acoustic trap for scalable microparticle enrichment. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:034110. [PMID: 29937950 PMCID: PMC5991967 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an acoustic microfluidic device architecture that locally augments the pressure field for separation and enrichment of targeted microparticles in a longitudinal acoustic trap. Pairs of pillar arrays comprise "pseudo walls" that are oriented perpendicular to the inflow direction. Though sample flow is unimpeded, pillar arrays support half-wave resonances that correspond to the array gap width. Positive acoustic contrast particles of supracritical diameter focus to nodal locations of the acoustic field and are held against drag from the bulk fluid motion. Thus, the longitudinal standing bulk acoustic wave (LSBAW) device achieves size-selective and material-specific separation and enrichment of microparticles from a continuous sample flow. A finite element analysis model is used to predict eigenfrequencies of LSBAW architectures with two pillar geometries, slanted and lamellar. Corresponding pressure fields are used to identify longitudinal resonances that are suitable for microparticle enrichment. Optimal operating conditions exhibit maxima in the ratio of acoustic energy density in the LSBAW trap to that in inlet and outlet regions of the microchannel. Model results guide fabrication and experimental evaluation of realized LSBAW assemblies regarding enrichment capability. We demonstrate separation and isolation of 20 μm polystyrene and ∼10 μm antibody-decorated glass beads within both pillar geometries. The results also establish several practical attributes of our approach. The LSBAW device is inherently scalable and enables continuous enrichment at a prescribed location. These features benefit separations applications while also allowing concurrent observation and analysis of trap contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M M Binkley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - H N Shekhani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Liang S, Chaohui W. Revised model for the radiation force exerted by standing surface acoustic waves on a rigid cylinder. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:033103. [PMID: 29776072 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.033103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a model for the radiation force exerted by standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) on a rigid cylinder in inviscid fluids is extended to account for the dependence on the Rayleigh angle. The conventional model for the radiation force used in the SSAW-based applications is developed in plane standing waves, which fails to predict the movement of the cylinder in the SSAW. Our revised model reveals that, in the direction normal to the piezoelectric substrate on which the SSAW is generated, acoustic radiation force can be large enough to drive the cylinder even in the long-wavelength limit. Furthermore, the force in this direction can not only push the cylinder away, but also pull it back toward the substrate. In the direction parallel to the substrate, the equilibrium positions for particles can be actively tuned by changing Rayleigh angle. As an example considered in the paper, with the reduction of Rayleigh angle the equilibrium positions for steel cylinders in water change from pressure nodes to pressure antinodes. The model can thus be used in the design of SSAWs for particle manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Wang Chaohui
- State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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31
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Rezk AR, Ramesan S, Yeo LY. Plug-and-actuate on demand: multimodal individual addressability of microarray plates using modular hybrid acoustic wave technology. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:406-411. [PMID: 29231220 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01099k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The microarray titre plate remains a fundamental workhorse in genomic, proteomic and cellomic analyses that underpin the drug discovery process. Nevertheless, liquid handling technologies for sample dispensing, processing and transfer have not progressed significantly beyond conventional robotic micropipetting techniques, which are not only at their fundamental sample size limit, but are also prone to mechanical failure and contamination. This is because alternative technologies to date suffer from a number of constraints, mainly their limitation to carry out only a single liquid operation such as dispensing or mixing at a given time, and their inability to address individual wells, particularly at high throughput. Here, we demonstrate the possibility for true sequential or simultaneous single- and multi-well addressability in a 96-well plate using a reconfigurable modular platform from which MHz-order hybrid surface and bulk acoustic waves can be coupled to drive a variety of microfluidic modes including mixing, sample preconcentration and droplet jetting/ejection in individual or multiple wells on demand, thus constituting a highly versatile yet simple setup capable of improving the functionality of existing laboratory protocols and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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Cushing K, Undvall E, Ceder Y, Lilja H, Laurell T. Reducing WBC background in cancer cell separation products by negative acoustic contrast particle immuno-acoustophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1000:256-264. [PMID: 29289318 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells display acoustic properties enabling acoustophoretic separation from white blood cells (WBCs) with 2-3 log suppression of the WBC background. However, a subset of WBCs has overlapping acoustic properties with cancer cells, which is why label-free acoustophoretic cancer cell isolation needs additional purification prior to analysis. This paper reports for the first time a proof of concept for continuous flow acoustophoretic negative selection of WBCs from cancer cells using negative acoustic contrast elastomeric particles (EPs) activated with CD45-antibodies that specifically bind to WBCs. The EP/WBC complexes align at the acoustic pressure anti-nodes along the channel walls while unbound cancer cells focus to the pressure node in the channel center, enabling continuous flow based depletion of WBC background in a cancer cell product. The method does not provide a single process solution for the CTC separation challenge, but provides an elegant part to a multi-step process by further reducing the WBC background in cancer cell separation products derived from an initial step of label-free acoustophoresis. We report the recorded performance of the negative selection immuno-acoustophoretic WBC depletion and cancer cell recovery. To eliminate the negative impact of the separation due to the known problems of aggregation of negative acoustic contrast particles along the sidewalls of the acoustophoresis channel and to enable continuous separation of EP/WBC complexes from cancer cells, a new acoustic actuation method has been implemented where the ultrasound frequency is scanned (1.991MHz ± 100 kHz, scan rate 200 kHz ms-1). Using this frequency scanning strategy EP/WBC complexes were acoustophoretically separated from mixtures of WBCs spiked with breast and prostate cancer cells (DU145 and MCF-7). An 86-fold (MCF-7) and 52-fold (DU145) reduction of WBCs in the cancer cell fractions were recorded with separation efficiencies of 98.6% (MCF-7) and 99.7% (DU145) and cancer cell recoveries of 89.8% (MCF-7) and 85.0% (DU145).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cushing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Eva Undvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Ceder
- Division of Translational Cancer Research Lund University, Sweden
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine (GU Oncology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY, NY, United States; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Hyun JC, Choi J, Jung YG, Yang S. Microfluidic cell concentrator with a reduced-deviation-flow herringbone structure. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:054108. [PMID: 29034052 PMCID: PMC5617731 DOI: 10.1063/1.5005612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a microfluidic cell concentrator with a reduced-deviation-flow herringbone structure is proposed. The reduced-deviation-flow herringbone structure reduces the magnitude of deviation flow by a factor of 3.3 compared to the original herringbone structure. This structure shows higher recovery efficiency compared to the original herringbone structure for various particle sizes at high flow rate conditions. Using the reduced-deviation-flow herringbone structure, the experimental results show a recovery efficiency of 98.5% and a concentration factor of 3.4× at a flow rate of 100 ml/h for all particle sizes. An iterative concentration process is performed to achieve a higher concentration factor for 10.2-μm particles and Jurkat cells. With two stages of the concentration process, we were able to achieve over 98% recovery efficiency and a concentration factor of 10-11×. Cell viability was found to be above 96% after iterative concentration. We believe that this device could be used to concentrate cells as a preparatory step for studying low-abundance cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chul Hyun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Jongchan Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Yu-Gyung Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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Bian Y, Guo F, Yang S, Mao Z, Bachman H, Tang SY, Ren L, Zhang B, Gong J, Guo X, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic waveguides for localized control of acoustic wavefront in microfluidics. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2017; 21:132. [PMID: 29358901 PMCID: PMC5774628 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-017-1971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The precise manipulation of acoustic fields in microfluidics is of critical importance for the realization of many biomedical applications. Despite the tremendous efforts devoted to the field of acoustofluidics during recent years, dexterous control, with an arbitrary and complex acoustic wavefront, in a prescribed, microscale region is still out of reach. Here, we introduce the concept of acoustofluidic waveguide, a three-dimensional compact configuration that is capable of locally guiding acoustic waves into a fluidic environment. Through comprehensive numerical simulations, we revealed the possibility of forming complex field patterns with defined pressure nodes within a highly localized, pre-determined region inside the microfluidic chamber. We also demonstrated the tunability of the acoustic field profile through controlling the size and shape of the waveguide geometry, as well as the operational frequency of the acoustic wave. The feasibility of the waveguide concept was experimentally verified via microparticle trapping and patterning. Our acoustofluidic waveguiding structures can be readily integrated with other microfluidic configurations and can be further designed into more complex types of passive acoustofluidic devices. The waveguide platform provides a promising alternative to current acoustic manipulation techniques and is useful in many applications such as single-cell analysis, point-of-care diagnostics, and studies of cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Bian
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Liqiang Ren
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Fluid Machinery and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Gong
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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35
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Ang KM, Yeo LY, Hung YM, Tan MK. Acoustially-mediated microfluidic nanofiltration through graphene films. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6497-6508. [PMID: 28466906 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We exploit the possibility of enhancing the molecular transport of liquids through graphene films using amplitude modulated surface acoustic waves (SAWs) to demonstrate effective and efficient nanoparticle filtration. The use of the SAW, which is an extremely efficient means for driving microfluidic transport, overcomes the need for the large mechanical pumps required to circumvent the large pressure drops encountered in conventional membranes for nanoparticle filtration. 100% filtration efficiency was obtained for micron-dimension particulates, decreasing to only 95% for the filtration of particles of tens of nanometers in dimension, which is comparable to that achieved with other methods. To circumvent clogging of the film, which is typical with all membrane filters, a backwash operation to flush the nanoparticles is incorporated simply by reversing the SAW-induced flow such that 98% recovery of the initial filtration rate is recovered. Given these efficiencies, together with the low cost and compact size of the chipscale SAW devices, we envisage the possibility of scaling out the process by operating a large number of devices in parallel to achieve typical industrial-scale throughputs with potential benefits in terms of substantially lower capital, operating and maintenance costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar M Ang
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Kaynak M, Ozcelik A, Nourhani A, Lammert PE, Crespi VH, Huang TJ. Acoustic actuation of bioinspired microswimmers. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:395-400. [PMID: 27991641 PMCID: PMC5465869 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01272h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic actuation of bioinspired microswimmers is experimentally demonstrated. Microswimmers are fabricated in situ in a microchannel. Upon acoustic excitation, the flagellum of the microswimmer oscillates, which in turn generates linear or rotary movement depending on the swimmer design. The speed of these bioinspired microswimmers is tuned by adjusting the voltage amplitude applied to the acoustic transducer. Simple microfabrication and remote actuation are promising for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kaynak
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Amir Nourhani
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
| | - Paul E Lammert
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA and Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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37
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Mao Z, Li P, Wu M, Bachman H, Mesyngier N, Guo X, Liu S, Costanzo F, Huang TJ. Enriching Nanoparticles via Acoustofluidics. ACS NANO 2017; 11:603-612. [PMID: 28068078 PMCID: PMC5536981 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Focusing and enriching submicrometer and nanometer scale objects is of great importance for many applications in biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. Here, we present an acoustofluidic chip that can generate single vortex acoustic streaming inside a glass capillary through using low-power acoustic waves (only 5 V is required). The single vortex acoustic streaming that is generated, in conjunction with the acoustic radiation force, is able to enrich submicrometer- and nanometer-sized particles in a small volume. Numerical simulations were used to elucidate the mechanism of the single vortex formation and were verified experimentally, demonstrating the focusing of silica and polystyrene particles ranging in diameter from 80 to 500 nm. Moreover, the acoustofluidic chip was used to conduct an immunoassay in which nanoparticles that captured fluorescently labeled biomarkers were concentrated to enhance the emitted signal. With its advantages in simplicity, functionality, and power consumption, the acoustofluidic chip we present here is promising for many point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Mengxi Wu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicolas Mesyngier
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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39
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Huang L, Bian S, Cheng Y, Shi G, Liu P, Ye X, Wang W. Microfluidics cell sample preparation for analysis: Advances in efficient cell enrichment and precise single cell capture. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:011501. [PMID: 28217240 PMCID: PMC5303167 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Single cell analysis has received increasing attention recently in both academia and clinics, and there is an urgent need for effective upstream cell sample preparation. Two extremely challenging tasks in cell sample preparation-high-efficiency cell enrichment and precise single cell capture-have now entered into an era full of exciting technological advances, which are mostly enabled by microfluidics. In this review, we summarize the category of technologies that provide new solutions and creative insights into the two tasks of cell manipulation, with a focus on the latest development in the recent five years by highlighting the representative works. By doing so, we aim both to outline the framework and to showcase example applications of each task. In most cases for cell enrichment, we take circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as the target cells because of their research and clinical importance in cancer. For single cell capture, we review related technologies for many kinds of target cells because the technologies are supposed to be more universal to all cells rather than CTCs. Most of the mentioned technologies can be used for both cell enrichment and precise single cell capture. Each technology has its own advantages and specific challenges, which provide opportunities for researchers in their own area. Overall, these technologies have shown great promise and now evolve into real clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Shengtai Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Guanya Shi
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Xiongying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
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40
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Collins DJ, Ma Z, Han J, Ai Y. Continuous micro-vortex-based nanoparticle manipulation via focused surface acoustic waves. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 17:91-103. [PMID: 27883136 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01142j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing demand in the manipulation of nanoscale objects for next generation biological and industrial processes, there is a lack of methods for reliable separation, concentration and purification of nanoscale objects. Acoustic methods have proven their utility in contactless manipulation of microscale objects mainly relying on the acoustic radiation effect, though the influence of acoustic streaming has typically prevented manipulation at smaller length scales. In this work, however, we explicitly take advantage of the strong acoustic streaming in the vicinity of a highly focused, high frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) beam emanating from a series of focused 6 μm substrate wavelength interdigital transducers patterned on a piezoelectric lithium niobate substrate and actuated with a 633 MHz sinusoidal signal. This streaming field serves to focus fluid streamlines such that incoming particles interact with the acoustic field similarly regardless of their initial starting positions, and results in particle displacements that would not be possible with a travelling acoustic wave force alone. This streaming-induced manipulation of nanoscale particles is maximized with the formation of micro-vortices that extend the width of the microfluidic channel even with the imposition of a lateral flow, occurring when the streaming-induced flow velocities are an order of magnitude larger than the lateral one. We make use of this acoustic streaming to demonstrate the continuous and differential focusing of 100 nm, 300 nm and 500 nm particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Collins
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore. and Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore 138602, Singapore and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
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Barani A, Paktinat H, Janmaleki M, Mohammadi A, Mosaddegh P, Fadaei-Tehrani A, Sanati-Nezhad A. Microfluidic integrated acoustic waving for manipulation of cells and molecules. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:714-725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nam J, Lim CS. A conductive liquid-based surface acoustic wave device. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3750-5. [PMID: 27528442 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00827e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave-based microfluidic devices are popular for fluid and particle manipulation because of their noninvasiveness, low energy consumption, and easy integration with other systems. However, they have been limited by the use of patterned metal electrodes on a piezoelectric substrate, which requires expensive and complicated fabrication processes. Herein, we show a simpler and more cost-effective method for generating surface acoustic waves using eutectic gallium indium as a conductive liquid which can replace conventional patterned metal electrodes. We also demonstrate the comparable performance for acoustic streaming and mixing using conductive liquid-based surface acoustic wave devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghun Nam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Korea University Guro Hospital, Guro 2-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul 152-703, Korea.
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Lata JP, Guo F, Guo J, Huang PH, Yang J, Huang TJ. Surface Acoustic Waves Grant Superior Spatial Control of Cells Embedded in Hydrogel Fibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:8632-8638. [PMID: 27571239 PMCID: PMC6365144 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
By exploiting surface acoustic waves and a coupling layer technique, cells are patterned within a photosensitive hydrogel fiber to mimic physiological cell arrangement in tissues. The aligned cell-polymer matrix is polymerized with short exposure to UV light and the fiber is extracted. These patterned cell fibers are manipulated into simple and complex architectures, demonstrating feasibility for tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Lata
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jinshan Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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44
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Ang KM, Yeo LY, Hung YM, Tan MK. Amplitude modulation schemes for enhancing acoustically-driven microcentrifugation and micromixing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:054106. [PMID: 27703592 PMCID: PMC5035302 DOI: 10.1063/1.4963103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The ability to drive microcentrifugation for efficient micromixing and particle concentration and separation on a microfluidic platform is critical for a wide range of lab-on-a-chip applications. In this work, we investigate the use of amplitude modulation to enhance the efficiency of the microcentrifugal recirculation flows in surface acoustic wave microfluidic systems, thus concomitantly reducing the power consumption in these devices for a given performance requirement-a crucial step in the development of miniaturized, integrated circuits for true portable functionality. In particular, we show that it is possible to obtain an increase of up to 60% in the acoustic streaming velocity in a microdroplet with kHz order modulation frequencies due to the intensification in Eckart streaming; the streaming velocity is increasing as the modulation index is increased. Additionally, we show that it is possible to exploit this streaming enhancement to effect improvements in the speed of particle concentration by up to 70% and the efficiency of micromixing by 50%, together with a modest decrease in the droplet temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar M Ang
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia , 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University , Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Yew M Hung
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia , 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ming K Tan
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia , 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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45
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Jiang X, Jing W, Sun X, Liu Q, Yang C, Liu S, Qin K, Sui G. High-Throughput Microfluidic Device for LAMP Analysis of Airborne Bacteria. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Jiang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenwen Jing
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunguang Yang
- Research
Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kairong Qin
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guodong Sui
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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46
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Collins DJ, Devendran C, Ma Z, Ng JW, Neild A, Ai Y. Acoustic tweezers via sub-time-of-flight regime surface acoustic waves. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1600089. [PMID: 27453940 PMCID: PMC4956186 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Micrometer-scale acoustic waves are highly useful for refined optomechanical and acoustofluidic manipulation, where these fields are spatially localized along the transducer aperture but not along the acoustic propagation direction. In the case of acoustic tweezers, such a conventional acoustic standing wave results in particle and cell patterning across the entire width of a microfluidic channel, preventing selective trapping. We demonstrate the use of nanosecond-scale pulsed surface acoustic waves (SAWs) with a pulse period that is less than the time of flight between opposing transducers to generate localized time-averaged patterning regions while using conventional electrode structures. These nodal positions can be readily and arbitrarily positioned in two dimensions and within the patterning region itself through the imposition of pulse delays, frequency modulation, and phase shifts. This straightforward concept adds new spatial dimensions to which acoustic fields can be localized in SAW applications in a manner analogous to optical tweezers, including spatially selective acoustic tweezers and optical waveguides.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Collins
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Citsabehsan Devendran
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Ng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Adrian Neild
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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47
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Ma Z, Collins DJ, Ai Y. Detachable Acoustofluidic System for Particle Separation via a Traveling Surface Acoustic Wave. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5316-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ma
- Pillar of Engineering Product
Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - David J. Collins
- Pillar of Engineering Product
Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product
Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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48
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Rambach RW, Taiber J, Scheck CML, Meyer C, Reboud J, Cooper JM, Franke T. Visualization of Surface Acoustic Waves in Thin Liquid Films. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21980. [PMID: 26917490 PMCID: PMC4768107 DOI: 10.1038/srep21980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that the propagation path of a surface acoustic wave (SAW), excited with an interdigitated transducer (IDT), can be visualized using a thin liquid film dispensed onto a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) substrate. The practical advantages of this visualization method are its rapid and simple implementation, with many potential applications including in characterising acoustic pumping within microfluidic channels. It also enables low-cost characterisation of IDT designs thereby allowing the determination of anisotropy and orientation of the piezoelectric substrate without the requirement for sophisticated and expensive equipment. Here, we show that the optical visibility of the sound path critically depends on the physical properties of the liquid film and identify heptane and methanol as most contrast rich solvents for visualization of SAW. We also provide a detailed theoretical description of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Rambach
- Soft Matter Group, Lehrstuhl für Experimentalphysik I, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr, 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - J Taiber
- Soft Matter Group, Lehrstuhl für Experimentalphysik I, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr, 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - C M L Scheck
- Soft Matter Group, Lehrstuhl für Experimentalphysik I, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr, 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - C Meyer
- Soft Matter Group, Lehrstuhl für Experimentalphysik I, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr, 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - J Reboud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, G12 8LT Glasgow, UK
| | - J M Cooper
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, G12 8LT Glasgow, UK
| | - T Franke
- Soft Matter Group, Lehrstuhl für Experimentalphysik I, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstr, 1, D-86159 Augsburg, Germany.,Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, G12 8LT Glasgow, UK
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49
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Mao Z, Xie Y, Guo F, Ren L, Huang PH, Chen Y, Rufo J, Costanzo F, Huang TJ. Experimental and numerical studies on standing surface acoustic wave microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:515-24. [PMID: 26698361 PMCID: PMC4856433 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00707k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Standing surface acoustic waves (SSAW) are commonly used in microfluidics to manipulate cells and other micro/nano particles. However, except for a simple one-dimensional (1D) harmonic standing waves (HSW) model, a practical model that can predict particle behaviour in SSAW microfluidics is still lacking. Herein, we established a two-dimensional (2D) SSAW microfluidic model based on the basic theory in acoustophoresis and our previous modelling strategy to predict the acoustophoresis of microparticles in SSAW microfluidics. This 2D SSAW microfluidic model considers the effects of boundary vibrations, channel materials, and channel dimensions on the acoustic propagation; as an experimental validation, the acoustophoresis of microparticles under continuous flow through narrow channels made of PDMS and silicon was studied. The experimentally observed motion of the microparticles matched well with the numerical predictions, while the 1D HSW model failed to predict many of the experimental observations. Particularly, the 1D HSW model cannot account for particle aggregation on the sidewall in PDMS channels, which is well explained by our 2D SSAW microfluidic model. Our model can be used for device design and optimization in SSAW microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangming Mao
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Yuliang Xie
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. and Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Liqiang Ren
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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50
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Kishor R, Gao F, Sreejith S, Feng X, Seah YP, Wang Z, Stuparu MC, Lim TT, Chen X, Zheng Y. Photoacoustic induced surface acoustic wave sensor for concurrent opto-mechanical microfluidic sensing of dyes and plasmonic nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An integrated surface acoustic wave-photoacoustic (SAW-PA) sensor platform is reported for couplant-free, simultaneous optical and mechanical characterization of dyes and plasmonic nanoparticles flowing through a microchannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kishor
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Group
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI)
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS)
| | - Fei Gao
- Division of Circuits and Systems
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Sivaramapanicker Sreejith
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Xiaohua Feng
- Division of Circuits and Systems
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Yen Peng Seah
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology
- Singapore
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology
- Singapore
| | - Mihaiela Corina Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Teik-Thye Lim
- Division of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- Division of Circuits and Systems
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
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