1
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Li Q, Zhang X, Zhao P, Chen Y, Ni D, Wang M. Metal tolerance protein CsMTP4 has dual functions in maintaining zinc homeostasis in tea plant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134308. [PMID: 38631255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a series of zinc (Zn) homeostasis mechanisms to cope with the fluctuating Zn in the environment. How Zn is taken up, translocated and tolerate by tea plant remains unknown. In this study, on the basis of RNA-Sequencing, we isolated a plasma membrane-localized Metal Tolerance Protein (MTP) family member CsMTP4 from Zn-deficient tea plant roots and investigated its role in regulation of Zn homeostasis in tea plant. Heterologous expression of CsMTP4 specifically enhanced the tolerance of transgenic yeast to Zn excess. Moreover, overexpression of CsMTP4 in tea plant hairy roots stimulated Zn uptake under Zn deficiency. In addition, CsMTP4 promoted the growth of transgenic Arabidopsis plants by translocating Zn from roots to shoots under Zn deficiency and conferred the tolerance to Zn excess by enhancing the efflux of Zn from root cells. Transcriptome analysis of the CsMTP4 transgenic Arabidopsis found that the expression of Zn metabolism-related genes were differentially regulated compared with wild-type plants when exposed to Zn deficiency and excess conditions. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of Zn uptake and translocation in plants and a new strategy to improve phytoremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Peiling Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dejiang Ni
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mingle Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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2
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Qing T, Xie TC, Zhu QY, Lu HP, Liu JX. Regulation of metal homoeostasis by two F-group bZIP transcription factors bZIP48 and bZIP50 in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1852-1864. [PMID: 38334305 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency not only impairs plant growth and development but also has negative effects on human health. Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) is a staple food for over half of the global population, yet the regulation of Zn deficiency response in rice remains largely unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that two F-group bZIP transcription factors, OsbZIP48/50, play a crucial role in Zn deficiency response. Mutations in OsbZIP48/50 result in impaired growth and reduced Zn/Fe/Cu content under Zn deficiency conditions. The N-terminus of OsbZIP48/OsbZIP50 contains two Zn sensor motifs (ZSMs), deletion or mutation of these ZSMs leads to increased nuclear localization. Both OsbZIP48 and OsbZIP50 exhibit transcriptional activation activity, and the upregulation of 1117 genes involved in metal uptake and other processes by Zn deficiency is diminished in the OsbZIP48/50 double mutant. Both OsbZIP48 and OsbZIP50 bind to the promoter of OsZIP10 and activate the ZDRE cis-element. Amino acid substitution mutation of the ZSM domain of OsbZIP48 in OsbZIP50 mutant background increases the content of Zn/Fe/Cu in brown rice seeds and leaves. Therefore, this study demonstrates that OsbZIP48/50 play a crucial role in regulating metal homoeostasis and identifies their downstream genes involved in the Zn deficiency response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Ci Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Yun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Abulfaraj AA. Relationships between some transcription factors and concordantly expressed drought stress-related genes in bread wheat. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103652. [PMID: 37206446 PMCID: PMC10189290 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenge of climate change makes it mandatory to improve tolerance to drought stress in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) via biotechnological approaches. Drought stress experiment was conducted followed by RNA-Seq analysis for leaves of two wheat cultivars namely Giza 168 and Gemmiza 10 with contrasting genotypes. Expression patterns of the regulated stress-related genes and concordantly expressed TFs were detected, then, validated via qPCR for two loss-of-function mutants in Arabidopsis background harboring mutated genes analogue to those in wheat. Drought-stress related genes were searched for concordantly expressed TFs and a total of eight TFs were shown to coexpress with 14 stress-related genes. Among these genes, one TF belongs to the zinc finger protein CONSTANS family and proved via qPCR to drive expression of a gene encoding a speculative TF namely zinc transporter 3-like and two other stress related genes encoding tryptophan synthase alpha chain and asparagine synthetase. Known functions of the two TFs under drought stress complement those of the two concordantly expressed stress-related genes, thus, it is likely that they are related. This study highlights the possibility to utilize metabolic engineering approaches to decipher and incorporate existing regulatory frameworks under drought stress in future breeding programs of bread wheat.
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4
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Banerjee S, Roy P, Nandi S, Roy S. Advanced biotechnological strategies towards the development of crops with enhanced micronutrient content. PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2023; 100:355-371. [PMID: 36686885 PMCID: PMC9845834 DOI: 10.1007/s10725-023-00968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrients are essential mineral elements required for both plant and human development.An integrated system involving soil, climatic conditions, and types of crop plants determines the level of micronutrient acquisition and utilization. Most of the staple food crops consumed globally predominantly include the cereal grains, tubers and roots, respectively and in many cases, particularly in the resource-poor countries they are grown in nutrient-deficient soils. These situations frequently lead to micronutrient deficiency in crops. Moreover, crop plants with micronutrient deficiency also show high level of susceptibility to various abiotic and biotic stress factors. Apart from this, climate change and soil pollution severely affect the accumulation of micronutrients, such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) in food crops. Therefore, overcoming the issue of micronutrient deficiency in staple crops and to achieve the adequate level of food production with enriched nutrient value is one of the major global challenges at present. Conventional breeding approaches are not adequate to feed the increasing global population with nutrient-rich staple food crops. To address these issues, alongside traditional approaches, genetic modification strategies have been adopted during the past couple of years in order to enhance the transport, production, enrichment and bioavailability of micronutrients in staple crops. Recent advances in agricultural biotechnology and genome editing approaches have shown promising response in the development of micronutrient enriched biofortified crops. This review highlights the current advancement of our knowledge on the possible implications of various biotechnological tools for the enrichment and enhancement of bioavailability of micronutrients in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Banerjee
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, 713104 Burdwan, West Bengal India
| | - Pinaki Roy
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, 713104 Burdwan, West Bengal India
| | - Shreyashi Nandi
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, 713104 Burdwan, West Bengal India
| | - Sujit Roy
- Department of Botany, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, 713104 Burdwan, West Bengal India
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5
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Assunção AGL. The F-bZIP-regulated Zn deficiency response in land plants. PLANTA 2022; 256:108. [PMID: 36348172 PMCID: PMC9643250 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review describes zinc sensing and transcriptional regulation of the zinc deficiency response in Arabidopsis, and discusses how their evolutionary conservation in land plants facilitates translational approaches for improving the Zn nutritional value of crop species. Zinc is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms due to its presence in a large number of proteins, as a structural or catalytic cofactor. In plants, zinc homeostasis mechanisms comprise uptake from soil, transport and distribution throughout the plant to provide adequate cellular zinc availability. Here, I discuss the transcriptional regulation of the response to zinc deficiency and the zinc sensing mechanisms in Arabidopsis, and their evolutionary conservation in land plants. The Arabidopsis F-group basic region leucine-zipper (F-bZIP) transcription factors bZIP19 and bZIP23 function simultaneously as sensors of intracellular zinc status, by direct binding of zinc ions, and as the central regulators of the zinc deficiency response, with their target genes including zinc transporters from the ZRT/IRT-like Protein (ZIP) family and nicotianamine synthase enzymes that produce the zinc ligand nicotianamine. I note that this relatively simple mechanism of zinc sensing and regulation, together with the evolutionary conservation of F-bZIP transcription factors across land plants, offer important research opportunities. One of them is to use the F-bZIP-regulated zinc deficiency response as a tractable module for evolutionary and comparative functional studies. Another research opportunity is translational research in crop plants, modulating F-bZIP activity as a molecular switch to enhance zinc accumulation. This should become a useful plant-based solution to alleviate effects of zinc deficiency in soils, which impact crop production and crop zinc content, with consequences for human nutrition globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G L Assunção
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
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6
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Belgaroui N, El Ifa W, Hanin M. Phytic acid contributes to the phosphate-zinc signaling crosstalk in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 183:1-8. [PMID: 35526500 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) and zinc (Zn) are two essential nutrients for plant growth. Crosstalk between these two elements to control their uptake and homeostasis in plants has been previously demonstrated. However, the signaling molecule(s) required for the mechanisms underlying this interaction remain unknown. Phytic acid (PA), the main P storage form in plants, serves also as a signalling molecule in processes controlling plant growth and development as well as responses to different stimuli. In this study, we investigated the involvement of PA in the control of Zn-Pi homeostasis interaction in Arabidopsis. For this purpose, we used two classes of low phytic acid (lpa) lines: the inositol polyphosphate kinase 1 gene (ipk1-1) mutant and two transgenic lines expressing the bacterial phytase PHY-US417. The transgenic lines exhibit an enhanced root growth under Zn-deficiency compared to wild type (WT) and ipk1-1. In addition, higher Pi and Zn contents were detected in the lpa lines under standard and also deficient conditions (-Pi and -Zn). However, the activation of shoot Pi accumulation which occurs in WT in response to Zn depletion was not observed in the lpa lines. Finally, we noticed that the changes in Pi and Zn accumulation seem to be correlated with a tight regulation of Pi and Zn transporters in the lpa lines. All these findings underline a regulatory role of PA in the control of the Zn-Pi crosstalk but also open the door to possible involvement of additional unknown signaling molecules in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibras Belgaroui
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology. University of Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wided El Ifa
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology. University of Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moez Hanin
- Plant Physiology and Functional Genomics Research Unit, Institute of Biotechnology. University of Sfax, BP "1175", 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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7
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Abstract
Nutrients are scarce and valuable resources, so plants developed sophisticated mechanisms to optimize nutrient use efficiency. A crucial part of this is monitoring external and internal nutrient levels to adjust processes such as uptake, redistribution, and cellular compartmentation. Measurement of nutrient levels is carried out by primary sensors that typically involve either transceptors or transcription factors. Primary sensors are only now starting to be identified in plants for some nutrients. In particular, for nitrate, there is detailed insight concerning how the external nitrate status is sensed by members of the nitrate transporter 1 (NRT1) family. Potential sensors for other macronutrients such as potassium and sodium have also been identified recently, whereas for micronutrients such as zinc and iron, transcription factor type sensors have been reported. This review provides an overview that interprets and evaluates our current understanding of how plants sense macro and micronutrients in the rhizosphere and root symplast.
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8
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Amini S, Arsova B, Gobert S, Carnol M, Bosman B, Motte P, Watt M, Hanikenne M. Transcriptional regulation of ZIP genes is independent of local zinc status in Brachypodium shoots upon zinc deficiency and resupply. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3376-3397. [PMID: 34263935 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The biological processes underlying zinc homeostasis are targets for genetic improvement of crops to counter human malnutrition. Detailed phenotyping, ionomic, RNA-Seq analyses and flux measurements with 67 Zn isotope revealed whole-plant molecular events underlying zinc homeostasis upon varying zinc supply and during zinc resupply to starved Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) plants. Although both zinc deficiency and excess hindered Brachypodium growth, accumulation of biomass and micronutrients into roots and shoots differed depending on zinc supply. The zinc resupply dynamics involved 1,893 zinc-responsive genes. Multiple zinc-regulated transporter and iron-regulated transporter (IRT)-like protein (ZIP) transporter genes and dozens of other genes were rapidly and transiently down-regulated in early stages of zinc resupply, suggesting a transient zinc shock, sensed locally in roots. Notably, genes with identical regulation were observed in shoots without zinc accumulation, pointing to root-to-shoot signals mediating whole-plant responses to zinc resupply. Molecular events uncovered in the grass model Brachypodium are useful for the improvement of staple monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Amini
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Borjana Arsova
- Root Dynamics Group, IBG-2 - Plant Sciences, Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sylvie Gobert
- Laboratory of Oceanology, MARE Center, FOCUS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Station de Recherches Sous-Marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), Pointe de la Revellata, Calvi, France
| | - Monique Carnol
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bosman
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Ecology, Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrick Motte
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michelle Watt
- Root Dynamics Group, IBG-2 - Plant Sciences, Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS - PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Cheah BH, Chen YL, Lo JC, Tang IC, Yeh KC, Lin YF. Divalent nutrient cations: Friend and foe during zinc stress in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3358-3375. [PMID: 34278584 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zn deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficit in rice but Zn is also a widespread industrial pollutant. Zn deficiency responses in rice are well documented, but comparative responses to Zn deficiency and excess have not been reported. Therefore, we compared the physiological, transcriptional and biochemical properties of rice subjected to Zn starvation or excess at early and later treatment stages. Both forms of Zn stress inhibited root and shoot growth. Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes highlighted the overrepresentation of Zn transport and antioxidative defense for both Zn stresses, whereas diterpene biosynthesis was solely induced by excess Zn. Divalent cations (Fe, Cu, Ca, Mn and Mg) accumulated in Zn-deficient shoots but Mg and Mn were depleted in the Zn excess shoots, mirroring the gene expression of non-specific Zn transporters and chelators. Ascorbate peroxidase activity was induced after 14 days of Zn starvation, scavenging H2 O2 more effectively to prevent leaf chlorosis via the Fe-dependent Fenton reaction. Conversely, excess Zn triggered the expression of genes encoding Mg/Mn-binding proteins (OsCPS2/4 and OsKSL4/7) required for antimicrobial diterpenoid biosynthesis. Our study reveals the potential role of divalent cations in the shoot, driving the unique responses of rice to each form of Zn stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Huat Cheah
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Chi Lo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chien Tang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fen Lin
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Verma PK, Verma S, Chakrabarty D, Pandey N. Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance Zinc Uptake and Utilization Efficiency in Cereal Crops. JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 2021; 21:2412-2424. [DOI: 10.1007/s42729-021-00532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
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11
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Zeng H, Wu H, Yan F, Yi K, Zhu Y. Molecular regulation of zinc deficiency responses in plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 261:153419. [PMID: 33915366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals. Because of its low availability in arable soils worldwide, Zn deficiency is becoming a serious agricultural problem resulting in decreases of crop yield and nutritional quality. Plants have evolved multiple responses to adapt to low levels of soil Zn supply, involving biochemical and physiological changes to improve Zn acquisition and utilization, and defend against Zn deficiency stress. In this review, we summarize the physiological and biochemical adaptations of plants to Zn deficiency, the roles of transporters and metal-binding compounds in Zn homeostasis regulation, and the recent progresses in understanding the sophisticated regulatory mechanisms of Zn deficiency responses that have been made by molecular and genetic analyses, as well as diverse 'omics' studies. Zn deficiency responses are tightly controlled by multiple layers of regulation, such as transcriptional regulation that is mediated by transcription factors like F-group bZIP proteins, epigenetic regulation at the level of chromatin, and post-transcriptional regulation mediated by small RNAs and alternative splicing. The insights into the regulatory network underlying Zn deficiency responses and the perspective for further understandings of molecular regulation of Zn deficiency responses have been discussed. The understandings of the regulatory mechanisms will be important for improving Zn deficiency tolerance, Zn use efficiency, and Zn biofortification in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Haicheng Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Keke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yiyong Zhu
- Agricultural Resource and Environment Experiment Teaching Center, College of Resource and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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12
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Zlobin IE. Current understanding of plant zinc homeostasis regulation mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:327-335. [PMID: 33714765 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The essential nature of Zn and widespread Zn deficiency in plants under field conditions underlie the great interest of researchers in the regulation of plant Zn homeostasis. Here, the current knowledge of plant Zn homeostasis regulation, mainly in A. thaliana, is reviewed. The plant Zn homeostasis machinery is regulated largely at the transcriptional level. Local regulation in response to changes in cellular Zn status is based on the transcription factors bZIP19 and bZIP23, which sense changes in free Zn2+ concentrations in the cell. However, there are likely other unidentified ways to sense cellular free Zn2+ concentrations in addition to the well-known bZIP19 and bZIP23 factors. In recent years, the existence of a shoot-derived systemic Zn deficiency signal, which is involved in the upregulation of Zn transport from roots to shoots, was demonstrated. Additionally, rates of mRNA degradation of Zn homeostasis genes are likely regulated by changes in cellular Zn status. In addition to the regulation of Zn transport, other mechanisms for the regulation of plant Zn homeostasis exist. "Zn sparing" mechanisms could be involved in the decrease in plant Zn requirements under Zn deficiency. Additionally, autophagy is probably regulated by local Zn status and involved in Zn reutilization at the cellular level. Current issues related to studying Zn homeostasis regulation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Zlobin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow, 127276, Russia.
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13
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Lilay GH, Persson DP, Castro PH, Liao F, Alexander RD, Aarts MGM, Assunção AGL. Arabidopsis bZIP19 and bZIP23 act as zinc sensors to control plant zinc status. NATURE PLANTS 2021. [PMID: 33594269 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.29.177287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals owing to its structural and catalytic roles in many proteins1. Zn deficiency affects around 2 billion people, mainly those who live on plant-based diets relying on crops from Zn-deficient soils2,3. Plants maintain adequate Zn levels through tightly regulated Zn homeostasis mechanisms involving Zn uptake, distribution and storage4, but evidence of how they sense Zn status is lacking. Here, we use in vitro and in planta approaches to show that the Arabidopsis thaliana F-group bZIP transcription factors bZIP19 and bZIP23, which are the central regulators of the Zn deficiency response, function as Zn sensors by binding Zn2+ ions to a Zn-sensor motif. Deletions or modifications of this Zn-sensor motif disrupt Zn binding, leading to a constitutive transcriptional Zn deficiency response, which causes a significant increase in plant and seed Zn accumulation. As the Zn-sensor motif is highly conserved in F-group bZIP proteins across land plants, the identification of this plant Zn sensor will promote new strategies to improve the Zn nutritional quality of plant-derived food and feed, and contribute to tackling the global Zn-deficiency health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grmay H Lilay
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Daniel P Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pedro Humberto Castro
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Feixue Liao
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ross D Alexander
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geosciences, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana G L Assunção
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
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14
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Lilay GH, Persson DP, Castro PH, Liao F, Alexander RD, Aarts MGM, Assunção AGL. Arabidopsis bZIP19 and bZIP23 act as zinc sensors to control plant zinc status. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:137-143. [PMID: 33594269 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals owing to its structural and catalytic roles in many proteins1. Zn deficiency affects around 2 billion people, mainly those who live on plant-based diets relying on crops from Zn-deficient soils2,3. Plants maintain adequate Zn levels through tightly regulated Zn homeostasis mechanisms involving Zn uptake, distribution and storage4, but evidence of how they sense Zn status is lacking. Here, we use in vitro and in planta approaches to show that the Arabidopsis thaliana F-group bZIP transcription factors bZIP19 and bZIP23, which are the central regulators of the Zn deficiency response, function as Zn sensors by binding Zn2+ ions to a Zn-sensor motif. Deletions or modifications of this Zn-sensor motif disrupt Zn binding, leading to a constitutive transcriptional Zn deficiency response, which causes a significant increase in plant and seed Zn accumulation. As the Zn-sensor motif is highly conserved in F-group bZIP proteins across land plants, the identification of this plant Zn sensor will promote new strategies to improve the Zn nutritional quality of plant-derived food and feed, and contribute to tackling the global Zn-deficiency health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grmay H Lilay
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Daniel P Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pedro Humberto Castro
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Feixue Liao
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ross D Alexander
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy, Geosciences, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana G L Assunção
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
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15
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Ajeesh Krishna TP, Maharajan T, Victor Roch G, Ignacimuthu S, Antony Ceasar S. Structure, Function, Regulation and Phylogenetic Relationship of ZIP Family Transporters of Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:662. [PMID: 32536933 PMCID: PMC7267038 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and humans. Nearly 50% of the agriculture soils of world are Zn-deficient. The low availability of Zn reduces the yield and quality of the crops. The zinc-regulated, iron-regulated transporter-like proteins (ZIP) family and iron-regulated transporters (IRTs) are involved in cellular uptake of Zn, its intracellular trafficking and detoxification in plants. In addition to Zn, ZIP family transporters also transport other divalent metal cations (such as Cd2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+). ZIP transporters play a crucial role in biofortification of grains with Zn. Only a very limited information is available on structural features and mechanism of Zn transport of plant ZIP family transporters. In this article, we present a detailed account on structure, function, regulations and phylogenetic relationships of plant ZIP transporters. We give an insight to structure of plant ZIPs through homology modeling and multiple sequence alignment with Bordetella bronchiseptica ZIP (BbZIP) protein whose crystal structure has been solved recently. We also provide details on ZIP transporter genes identified and characterized in rice and other plants till date. Functional characterization of plant ZIP transporters will help for the better crop yield and human health in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. P. Ajeesh Krishna
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - T. Maharajan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - G. Victor Roch
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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16
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Xie X, Hu W, Fan X, Chen H, Tang M. Interactions Between Phosphorus, Zinc, and Iron Homeostasis in Nonmycorrhizal and Mycorrhizal Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1172. [PMID: 31616454 PMCID: PMC6775243 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are three essential elements for plant survival, and severe deficiencies in these nutrients lead to growth retardation and crop yield reduction. This review synthesizes recent progress on how plants coordinate the acquisition and signaling of Pi, Zn, and Fe from surrounding environments and which genes are involved in these Pi-Zn-Fe interactions with the aim of better understanding of the cross-talk between these macronutrient and micronutrient homeostasis in plants. In addition, identification of genes important for interactions between Pi, Zn, and/or Fe transport and signaling is a useful target for breeders for improvement in plant nutrient acquisition. Furthermore, to understand these processes in arbuscular mycorrhizal plants, the preliminary examination of interactions between Pi, Zn, and Fe homeostasis in some relevant crop species has been performed at the physiological level and is summarized in this article. In conclusion, the development of integrative study of cross-talks between Pi, Zn, and Fe signaling pathway in mycorrhizal plants will be essential for sustainable agriculture all around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (South China Agricultural University), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (South China Agricultural University), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Fan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (South China Agricultural University), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (South China Agricultural University), Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Bouain N, Krouk G, Lacombe B, Rouached H. Getting to the Root of Plant Mineral Nutrition: Combinatorial Nutrient Stresses Reveal Emergent Properties. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:542-552. [PMID: 31006547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants have to handle daily fluctuations in light and temperature. In addition, plants face biotic and abiotic stresses that often come in various combinations. For instance, the availability of various nutrients in soil is heterogeneous, resulting in combined nutrient stress. Recent studies reveal that plant responses to multiple nutrient stresses are not the summation of the plant responses to each individual stress. Here, we present and discuss the interactions between phosphate, nitrogen, and zinc to illustrate the effect of macro- and micronutrient interactions on plant growth and ion homeostasis. Solving the mystery of these interactions will pave the way to the development of strategies to improve crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouain
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Lacombe
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, INRA, CNRS, SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
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18
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Dmitriev AA, Krasnov GS, Rozhmina TA, Zyablitsin AV, Snezhkina AV, Fedorova MS, Pushkova EN, Kezimana P, Novakovskiy RO, Povkhova LV, Smirnova MI, Muravenko OV, Bolsheva NL, Kudryavtseva AV, Melnikova NV. Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) response to non-optimal soil acidity and zinc deficiency. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:54. [PMID: 30813909 PMCID: PMC6393972 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is grown for fiber and seed production. Unfavorable environments, such as nutrient deficiency and non-optimal soil acidity, decrease the quantity and quality of yield. Cultivation of tolerant to stress varieties can significantly reduce the crop losses. Understanding the mechanisms of flax response to the stresses and identification of resistance gene candidates will help in breeding of improved cultivars. In the present work, the response of flax plants to increased pH level and zinc (Zn) deficiency was studied. RESULTS We performed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of two flax cultivars with diverse tolerance to increased pH level and Zn deficiency: Norlin (tolerant) and Mogilevsky (sensitive). Sixteen cDNA libraries were created from flax plants grown under control conditions, increased pH level, Zn deficiency, and both stresses simultaneously, and about 35 million reads were obtained for each experiment type. Unfavorable pH resulted in significantly stronger gene expression alterations compared to Zn deficiency. Ion homeostasis, oxidoreductase activity, cell wall, and response to stress Gene Ontology terms were the most affected by unfavorable pH and Zn deficiency both in tolerant and sensitive flax cultivars. Upregulation of genes encoding metal transporters was identified under increased pH level, Zn deficiency, and both stresses simultaneously. Under Zn deficiency, only in tolerant cultivar Norlin, we revealed the induction of several photosynthesis-related genes and, in this way, this tolerant genotype could overcome unfavorable effects of reduced Zn content. CONCLUSIONS We identified genes with expression alterations in flax under non-optimal soil acidity and Zn deficiency based on high-throughput sequencing data. These genes are involved in diverse processes, including ion transport, cell wall biogenesis, and photosynthesis, and could play an important role in flax response to the studied stresses. Moreover, genes with distinct expression changes between examined tolerant and sensitive genotypes could determine the mechanisms of flax tolerance to non-optimal soil acidity and Zn deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Rozhmina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Research Institute for Flax, Torzhok, Russia
| | | | | | - Maria S. Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N. Pushkova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Parfait Kezimana
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman O. Novakovskiy
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov V. Povkhova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga V. Muravenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Bolsheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Krämer U. Conceptualizing plant systems evolution. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 42:66-75. [PMID: 29579731 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organisms inhabiting extreme environments are emerging models in systems evolution, enabling us to identify the molecular alterations effecting major phenotypic divergence through comparative approaches. Here I discuss possible physiological mechanisms underlying evolutionary adaptations to extreme environments both theoretically and in relation to experimental observations. Reasoning leads me to the 'conserved steady-state' hypothesis of evolutionary adaptation: Between closely related plants adapted to differently composed soils, the homeostatically controlled steady-state set point cytosolic (buffered) concentrations of mineral ions are conserved. Subsequently, I compare molecular alterations expected to contribute to physiological adaptations with our present knowledge. Key roles of enhanced gene product dosage in plant evolutionary adaptations question the widespread stimulus response-centric paradigm. As a broader implication, co-regulation networks can lack decisive functional network elements. With this article, I hope to stimulate a discussion across research fields and provide an initial conceptual framework for future experimental testing and for quantitative modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Krämer
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, ND3/30, D-44801 Bochum, Germany.
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20
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De Biasi MG, Marabottini R, Paolacci AR, Ciaffi M, Nali C, Lorenzini G, Badiani M. On the interactions among zinc availability and responses to ozone stress in durum wheat seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8181-8189. [PMID: 28994034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seedlings of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn] were exposed to zinc nutrition and to ozone (O3) in a factorial combination: adequate (+Zn treatment) or no Zn (-Zn) in the nutrient solution, followed by exposure to either ozone-free air (filtered air, FA) or to 150 nL L-1 ozone (O3) for 4 h. Although omitting Zn from the nutrient solution failed to impose a genuine Zn deficiency, -Zn*FA durum wheat seedlings showed a typical deficiency behaviour, i.e. Zn mobilisation from root to shoot. Such inter-organ Zn redistribution, however, did not occur in -Zn*O3 plants. Exposure to each stress singly decreased the activity and the protein amount of foliar plasma membrane H+-ATPase, but not stress combination, which even increased the H+-ATPase expression with respect to control. In the -Zn*O3 plants, moreover, the foliar activities of the plasma membrane-bound NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide synthase and of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, and the transcripts abundance of the luminal binding protein and of the protein disulphide isomerase, were also stimulated. It is proposed that, even in the absence of actual Zn starvation, the perception of deficiency conditions could trigger changes in redox homoeostasis at the plasma membrane level, helpful in compensating an O3-dependent oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita G De Biasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosita Marabottini
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione dei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via S.C. De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Paolacci
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione dei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via S.C. De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mario Ciaffi
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione dei Sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via S.C. De Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Badiani
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
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21
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Kisko M, Bouain N, Safi A, Medici A, Akkers RC, Secco D, Fouret G, Krouk G, Aarts MGM, Busch W, Rouached H. LPCAT1 controls phosphate homeostasis in a zinc-dependent manner. eLife 2018; 7:e32077. [PMID: 29453864 PMCID: PMC5826268 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms require a variety of essential elements for their basic biological functions. While the homeostasis of nutrients is highly intertwined, the molecular and genetic mechanisms of these dependencies remain poorly understood. Here, we report a discovery of a molecular pathway that controls phosphate (Pi) accumulation in plants under Zn deficiency. Using genome-wide association studies, we first identified allelic variation of the Lyso-PhosphatidylCholine (PC) AcylTransferase 1 (LPCAT1) gene as the key determinant of shoot Pi accumulation under Zn deficiency. We then show that regulatory variation at the LPCAT1 locus contributes significantly to this natural variation and we further demonstrate that the regulation of LPCAT1 expression involves bZIP23 TF, for which we identified a new binding site sequence. Finally, we show that in Zn deficient conditions loss of function of LPCAT1 increases the phospholipid Lyso-PhosphatidylCholine/PhosphatidylCholine ratio, the expression of the Pi transporter PHT1;1, and that this leads to shoot Pi accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtak Kisko
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Nadia Bouain
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Alaeddine Safi
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Anna Medici
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Robert C Akkers
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen UniversityWageningenNetherlands
| | - David Secco
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Gabriel Krouk
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
| | - Mark GM Aarts
- Laboratory of GeneticsWageningen UniversityWageningenNetherlands
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Gregor Mendel InstituteAustrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BiocenterViennaAustria
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology LaboratorySalk Institute for Biological StudiesLa JollaUnited States
| | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgroMontpellierFrance
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22
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Kisko M, Bouain N, Safi A, Medici A, Akkers RC, Secco D, Fouret G, Krouk G, Aarts MG, Busch W, Rouached H. LPCAT1 controls phosphate homeostasis in a zinc-dependent manner. eLife 2018; 7:32077. [PMID: 29453864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32077.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
All living organisms require a variety of essential elements for their basic biological functions. While the homeostasis of nutrients is highly intertwined, the molecular and genetic mechanisms of these dependencies remain poorly understood. Here, we report a discovery of a molecular pathway that controls phosphate (Pi) accumulation in plants under Zn deficiency. Using genome-wide association studies, we first identified allelic variation of the Lyso-PhosphatidylCholine (PC) AcylTransferase 1 (LPCAT1) gene as the key determinant of shoot Pi accumulation under Zn deficiency. We then show that regulatory variation at the LPCAT1 locus contributes significantly to this natural variation and we further demonstrate that the regulation of LPCAT1 expression involves bZIP23 TF, for which we identified a new binding site sequence. Finally, we show that in Zn deficient conditions loss of function of LPCAT1 increases the phospholipid Lyso-PhosphatidylCholine/PhosphatidylCholine ratio, the expression of the Pi transporter PHT1;1, and that this leads to shoot Pi accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtak Kisko
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadia Bouain
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Alaeddine Safi
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Medici
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert C Akkers
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - David Secco
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Gabriel Krouk
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Mark Gm Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, United States
| | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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23
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Lilay GH, Castro PH, Campilho A, Assunção AGL. The Arabidopsis bZIP19 and bZIP23 Activity Requires Zinc Deficiency - Insight on Regulation From Complementation Lines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1955. [PMID: 30723487 PMCID: PMC6349776 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
All living organisms require zinc as an essential micronutrient. Maintaining appropriate intracellular zinc supply, and avoiding deficiency or toxic excess, requires a tight regulation of zinc homeostasis. In Arabidopsis, bZIP19 and bZIP23 (basic-leucine zipper) transcription factors are the central regulators of the zinc deficiency response. Their targets include members of the ZIP (Zrt/Irt-like Protein) transporter family, involved in cellular zinc uptake, which are up-regulated at zinc deficiency. However, the mechanisms by which these transcription factors are regulated by cellular zinc status are not yet known. Here, to further our insight, we took advantage of the zinc deficiency hypersensitive phenotype of the bzip19 bzip23 double mutant, and used it as background to produce complementation lines of each Arabidopsis F-bZIP transcription factor, including bZIP24. On these lines, we performed complementation and localization studies, analyzed the transcript level of a subset of putative target genes, and performed elemental tissue profiling. We find evidence supporting that the zinc-dependent activity of bZIP19 and bZIP23 is modulated by zinc at protein level, in the nucleus, where cellular zinc sufficiency represses their activity and zinc deficiency is required. In addition, we show that these two transcription factors are functionally redundant to a large extent, and that differential tissue-specific expression patterns might, at least partly, explain distinct regulatory activities. Finally, we show that bZIP24 does not play a central role in the Zn deficiency response. Overall, we provide novel information that advances our understanding of the regulatory activity of bZIP19 and bZIP23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grmay H. Lilay
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pedro Humberto Castro
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ana Campilho
- CIBIO/InBIO – Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana G. L. Assunção
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- CIBIO/InBIO – Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana G. L. Assunção,
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24
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Dietrich N, Schneider DL, Kornfeld K. A pathway for low zinc homeostasis that is conserved in animals and acts in parallel to the pathway for high zinc homeostasis. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11658-11672. [PMID: 28977437 PMCID: PMC5714235 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential element zinc plays critical roles in biology. High zinc homeostasis mechanisms are beginning to be defined in animals, but low zinc homeostasis is poorly characterized. We investigated low zinc homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans because the genome encodes 14 evolutionarily conserved Zrt, Irt-like protein (ZIP) zinc transporter family members. Three C. elegans zipt genes were regulated in zinc-deficient conditions; these promoters contained an evolutionarily conserved motif that we named the low zinc activation (LZA) element that was both necessary and sufficient for activation of transcription in response to zinc deficiency. These results demonstrated that the LZA element is a critical part of the low zinc homeostasis pathway. Transcriptional regulation of the LZA element required the transcription factor ELT-2 and mediator complex member MDT-15. We investigated conservation in mammals by analyzing LZA element function in human cultured cells; the LZA element-mediated transcriptional activation in response to zinc deficiency in cells, suggesting a conserved pathway of low zinc homeostasis. We propose that the pathway for low zinc homeostasis, which includes the LZA element and ZIP transporters, acts in parallel to the pathway for high zinc homeostasis, which includes the HZA element, HIZR-1 transcription factor and cation diffusion facilitator transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dietrich
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel L Schneider
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kerry Kornfeld
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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25
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Nazri AZ, Griffin JH, Peaston KA, Alexander‐Webber DG, Williams LE. F-group bZIPs in barley-a role in Zn deficiency. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2754-2770. [PMID: 28763829 PMCID: PMC5656896 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency negatively impacts the development and health of plants and affects crop yield. When experiencing low Zn, plants undergo an adaptive response to maintain Zn homeostasis. We provide further evidence for the role of F-group transcription factors, AtbZIP19 and AtbZIP23, in responding to Zn deficiency in Arabidopsis and demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of this response. Despite their economic importance, the role of F-group bZIPs in cereal crops is largely unknown. Here, we provide new insights by functionally characterizing these in barley (Hordeum vulgare), demonstrating an expanded number of F-group bZIPs (seven) compared to Arabidopsis. The F-group barley bZIPs, HvbZIP56 and HvbZIP62, partially rescue the Zn-dependent growth phenotype and ZIP-transporter gene regulation of an Arabidopsis bzip19-4 bzip23-2 mutant. This supports a conserved mechanism of action in adapting to Zn deficiency. HvbZIP56 localizes to the cytoplasm and nucleus when expressed in Arabidopsis and tobacco. Promoter analysis demonstrates that the barley ZIP transporters that are upregulated under Zn deficiency contain cis Zn-deficiency response elements (ZDREs). ZDREs are also found in particular barley bZIP promoters. This study represents a significant step forward in understanding the mechanisms controlling Zn responses in cereal crops, and will aid in developing strategies for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kerry A. Peaston
- Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
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26
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Evens NP, Buchner P, Williams LE, Hawkesford MJ. The role of ZIP transporters and group F bZIP transcription factors in the Zn-deficiency response of wheat (Triticum aestivum). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:291-304. [PMID: 28771859 PMCID: PMC5656842 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of zinc (Zn) uptake and transport in staple cereal crops is critical for improving both Zn content and tolerance to low-Zn soils. This study demonstrates the importance of group F bZIP transcription factors and ZIP transporters in responses to Zn deficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Seven group F TabZIP genes and 14 ZIPs with homeologs were identified in hexaploid wheat. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of Zn-deficiency-response elements (ZDREs) in a number of the ZIPs. Functional complementation of the zrt1/zrt2 yeast mutant by TaZIP3, -6, -7, -9 and -13 supported an ability to transport Zn. Group F TabZIPs contain the group-defining cysteine-histidine-rich motifs, which are the predicted binding site of Zn2+ in the Zn-deficiency response. Conservation of these motifs varied between the TabZIPs suggesting that individual TabZIPs may have specific roles in the wheat Zn-homeostatic network. Increased expression in response to low Zn levels was observed for several of the wheat ZIPs and bZIPs; this varied temporally and spatially suggesting specific functions in the response mechanism. The ability of the group F TabZIPs to bind to specific ZDREs in the promoters of TaZIPs indicates a conserved mechanism in monocots and dicots in responding to Zn deficiency. In support of this, TabZIPF1-7DL and TabZIPF4-7AL afforded a strong level of rescue to the Arabidopsis hypersensitive bzip19 bzip23 double mutant under Zn deficiency. These results provide a greater understanding of Zn-homeostatic mechanisms in wheat, demonstrating an expanded repertoire of group F bZIP transcription factors, adding to the complexity of Zn homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Evens
- Rothamsted ResearchWest CommonHarpenden, HertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
- Biological ScienceUniversity of SouthamptonLife Sciences Building 85, Highfield CampusSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Peter Buchner
- Rothamsted ResearchWest CommonHarpenden, HertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - Lorraine E. Williams
- Biological ScienceUniversity of SouthamptonLife Sciences Building 85, Highfield CampusSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
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Castro PH, Lilay GH, Muñoz-Mérida A, Schjoerring JK, Azevedo H, Assunção AGL. Phylogenetic analysis of F-bZIP transcription factors indicates conservation of the zinc deficiency response across land plants. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630437 PMCID: PMC5476651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors control important developmental and physiological processes in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the three gene F-bZIP subfamily has been associated with zinc deficiency and salt stress response. Benefiting from the present abundance of plant genomic data, we performed an evolutionary and structural characterization of plant F-bZIPs. We observed divergence during seed plant evolution, into two groups and inferred different selective pressures for each. Group 1 contains AtbZIP19 and AtbZIP23 and appears more conserved, whereas Group 2, containing AtbZIP24, is more prone to gene loss and expansion events. Transcriptomic and experimental data reinforced AtbZIP19/23 as pivotal regulators of the zinc deficiency response, mostly via the activation of genes from the ZIP metal transporter family, and revealed that they are the main regulatory switch of AtZIP4. A survey of AtZIP4 orthologs promoters across different plant taxa revealed an enrichment of the Zinc Deficiency Response Element (ZDRE) to which both AtbZIP19/23 bind. Overall, our results indicate that while the AtbZIP24 function in the regulation of the salt stress response may be the result of neo-functionalization, the AtbZIP19/23 function in the regulation of the zinc deficiency response may be conserved in land plants (Embryophytes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Humberto Castro
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grmay H Lilay
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Mérida
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Jan K Schjoerring
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Herlânder Azevedo
- CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana G L Assunção
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,CIBIO, InBIO - Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
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28
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Campos ACAL, Kruijer W, Alexander R, Akkers RC, Danku J, Salt DE, Aarts MGM. Natural variation in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals shoot ionome, biomass, and gene expression changes as biomarkers for zinc deficiency tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3643-3656. [PMID: 28859376 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for plants, with a crucial role as a cofactor for many enzymes. Approximately one-third of the global arable land area is Zn deficient, leading to reduced crop yield and quality. To improve crop tolerance to Zn deficiency, it is important to understand the mechanisms plants have adopted to tolerate suboptimal Zn supply. In this study, physiological and molecular aspects of traits related to Zn deficiency tolerance were examined in a panel of 19 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Accessions showed a larger variation for shoot biomass than for Zn concentration, indicating that they have different requirements for their minimal Zn concentration required for growth. Accessions with a higher tolerance to Zn deficiency showed an increased expression of the Zn deficiency-responsive genes ZIP4 and IRT3 in comparison with Zn deficiency-sensitive accessions. Changes in the shoot ionome, as a result of the Zn treatment of the plants, were used to build a multinomial logistic regression model able to distinguish plants regarding their Zn nutritional status. This set of biomarkers, reflecting the A. thaliana response to Zn deficiency and Zn deficiency tolerance, can be useful for future studies aiming to improve the performance and Zn status of crop plants grown under suboptimal Zn concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina A L Campos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Willem Kruijer
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 100, 6700AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ross Alexander
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Robert C Akkers
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John Danku
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - David E Salt
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Lin YF, Hassan Z, Talukdar S, Schat H, Aarts MGM. Expression of the ZNT1 Zinc Transporter from the Metal Hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens Confers Enhanced Zinc and Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation to Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149750. [PMID: 26930473 PMCID: PMC4773103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prompt regulation of transition metal transporters is crucial for plant zinc homeostasis. NcZNT1 is one of such transporters, found in the metal hyperaccumulator Brassicaceae species Noccaea caerulescens. It is orthologous to AtZIP4 from Arabidopsis thaliana, an important actor in Zn homeostasis. We examined if the NcZNT1 function contributes to the metal hyperaccumulation of N. caerulescens. NcZNT1 was found to be a plasma-membrane located metal transporter. Constitutive overexpression of NcZNT1 in A. thaliana conferred enhanced tolerance to exposure to excess Zn and Cd supply, as well as increased accumulation of Zn and Cd and induction of the Fe deficiency response, when compared to non-transformed wild-type plants. Promoters of both genes were induced by Zn deficiency in roots and shoots of A. thaliana. In A. thaliana, the AtZIP4 and NcZNT1 promoters were mainly active in cortex, endodermis and pericycle cells under Zn deficient conditions. In N. caerulescens, the promoters were active in the same tissues, though the activity of the NcZNT1 promoter was higher and not limited to Zn deficient conditions. Common cis elements were identified in both promoters by 5' deletion analysis. These correspond to the previously determined Zinc Deficiency Responsive Elements found in A. thaliana to interact with two redundantly acting transcription factors, bZIP19 and bZIP23, controlling the Zn deficiency response. In conclusion, these results suggest that NcZNT1 is an important factor in contributing to Zn and Cd hyperaccumulation in N. caerulescens. Differences in cis- and trans-regulators are likely to account for the differences in expression between A. thaliana and N. caerulescens. The high, constitutive NcZNT1 expression in the stele of N. caerulescens roots implicates its involvement in long distance root-to-shoot metal transport by maintaining a Zn/Cd influx into cells responsible for xylem loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fen Lin
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zeshan Hassan
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sangita Talukdar
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Schat
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Free University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark G. M. Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Blindauer CA. Advances in the molecular understanding of biological zinc transport. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4544-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of the importance of zinc homeostasis for health has driven a surge in structural data on major zinc-transporting proteins.
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31
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Bouain N, Shahzad Z, Rouached A, Khan GA, Berthomieu P, Abdelly C, Poirier Y, Rouached H. Phosphate and zinc transport and signalling in plants: toward a better understanding of their homeostasis interaction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5725-41. [PMID: 25080087 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) and zinc (Zn) are two essential nutrients for plant growth. In soils, these two minerals are either present in low amounts or are poorly available to plants. Consequently, worldwide agriculture has become dependent on external sources of Pi and Zn fertilizers to increase crop yields. However, this strategy is neither economically nor ecologically sustainable in the long term, particularly for Pi, which is a non-renewable resource. To date, research has emphasized the analysis of mineral nutrition considering each nutrient individually, and showed that Pi and Zn homeostasis is highly regulated in a complex process. Interestingly, numerous observations point to an unexpected interconnection between the homeostasis of the two nutrients. Nevertheless, despite their fundamental importance, the molecular bases and biological significance of these interactions remain largely unknown. Such interconnections can account for shortcomings of current agronomic models that typically focus on improving the assimilation of individual elements. Here, current knowledge on the regulation of the transport and signalling of Pi and Zn individually is reviewed, and then insights are provided on the recent progress made towards a better understanding of the Zn-Pi homeostasis interaction in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouain
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier SupAgro. Bat 7, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophile, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Zaigham Shahzad
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier SupAgro. Bat 7, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France
| | - Aida Rouached
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophile, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas Khan
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire Végétale, Biophore, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Berthomieu
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier SupAgro. Bat 7, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire Des Plantes Extrêmophile, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Yves Poirier
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire Végétale, Biophore, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier SupAgro. Bat 7, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 2, France
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Roston RL, Wang K, Kuhn LA, Benning C. Structural determinants allowing transferase activity in SENSITIVE TO FREEZING 2, classified as a family I glycosyl hydrolase. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26089-26106. [PMID: 25100720 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.576694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SENSITIVE TO FREEZING 2 (SFR2) is classified as a family I glycosyl hydrolase but has recently been shown to have galactosyltransferase activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Natural occurrences of apparent glycosyl hydrolases acting as transferases are interesting from a biocatalysis standpoint, and knowledge about the interconversion can assist in engineering SFR2 in crop plants to resist freezing. To understand how SFR2 evolved into a transferase, the relationship between its structure and function are investigated by activity assay, molecular modeling, and site-directed mutagenesis. SFR2 has no detectable hydrolase activity, although its catalytic site is highly conserved with that of family 1 glycosyl hydrolases. Three regions disparate from glycosyl hydrolases are identified as required for transferase activity as follows: a loop insertion, the C-terminal peptide, and a hydrophobic patch adjacent to the catalytic site. Rationales for the effects of these regions on the SFR2 mechanism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Roston
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.
| | - Kun Wang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Leslie A Kuhn
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; Departments of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Christoph Benning
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Choi S, Bird AJ. Zinc'ing sensibly: controlling zinc homeostasis at the transcriptional level. Metallomics 2014; 6:1198-215. [PMID: 24722954 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-responsive transcription factors are found in all kingdoms of life and include the transcriptional activators ZntR, SczA, Zap1, bZip19, bZip23, and MTF-1, and transcriptional repressors Zur, AdcR, Loz1, and SmtB. These factors have two defining features; their activity is regulated by zinc and they all play a central role in zinc homeostasis by controlling the expression of genes that directly affect zinc levels or its availability. This review summarizes what is known about the mechanisms by which each of these factors sense changes in intracellular zinc levels and how they control zinc homeostasis through target gene regulation. Other factors that influence zinc ion sensing are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyong Choi
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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