1
|
Shanu-Wilson J, Coe S, Evans L, Steele J, Wrigley S. Small molecule drug metabolite synthesis and identification: why, when and how? Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103943. [PMID: 38452922 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The drug discovery and development process encompasses the interrogation of metabolites arising from the biotransformation of drugs. Here we look at why, when and how metabolites of small-molecule drugs are synthesised from the perspective of a specialist contract research organisation, with particular attention paid to projects for which regulatory oversight is relevant during this journey. To illustrate important aspects, we look at recent case studies, trends and learnings from our experience of making and identifying metabolites over the past ten years, along with with selected examples from the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Shanu-Wilson
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, UK.
| | - Samuel Coe
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, UK
| | - Liam Evans
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, UK
| | - Jonathan Steele
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, UK
| | - Stephen Wrigley
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tao C, Wang Q, Ji J, Zhou Z, Yue B, Zhang R, Jiang S, Yuan T. Utilization of carbon catabolite repression for efficiently biotransformation of anthraquinone O-glucuronides by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus DM. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1393073. [PMID: 38690368 PMCID: PMC11058961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1393073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is a highly conserved mechanism that regulates carbon source utilization in Streptomyces. CCR has a negative impact on secondary metabolite fermentation, both in industrial and research settings. In this study, CCR was observed in the daunorubicin (DNR)-producing strain Streptomyces coeruleorubidus DM, which was cultivated in high concentration of carbohydrates. Unexpectedly, DM exhibited a high ability for anthraquinone glucuronidation biotransformation under CCR conditions with a maximum bioconversion rate of 95% achieved at pH 6, 30°C for 24 h. The co-utilization of glucose and sucrose resulted in the highest biotransformation rate compared to other carbon source combinations. Three novel anthraquinone glucuronides were obtained, with purpurin-O-glucuronide showing significantly improved water solubility, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial bioactivity. Comparative transcript analysis revealed that glucose and sucrose utilization were significantly upregulated as DM cultivated under CCR condition, which strongly enhance the biosynthetic pathway of the precursors Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA). Meanwhile, the carbon metabolic flux has significantly enhanced the fatty acid biosynthesis, the exhaust of acetyl coenzyme A may lead to the complete repression of the biosynthesis of DNR, Additionally, the efflux transporter genes were simultaneously downregulated, which may contribute to the anthraquinones intracellular glucuronidation. Overall, our findings demonstrate that utilizing CCR can be a valuable strategy for enhancing the biotransformation efficiency of anthraquinone O-glucuronides by DM. This approach has the potential to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic potential of these compounds, opening up new possibilities for their pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Quyi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyang Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyue Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingjie Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medical Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianjie Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Steinacher M, Svatunek D, Weil M, Mohammadi B, Gärtner P. Synthesis and conformational analysis of a potentially super-armed glucuronidation donor. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-03009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe concise synthesis of a potentially “super-armed” glucuronidation donor is reported. The α-anomer was crystallized and analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The pyranose ring was found to be in a twist-boat conformation in the solid state. To confirm the relevance of this finding for the solution state, and explain the failure of analysis by NMR, DFT calculations were performed. They revealed the twist-boat to be the dominant among a group of several possible conformers at ambient temperature.
Graphical abstract
Collapse
|
4
|
Sheridan R, Spelman K. Polyphenolic promiscuity, inflammation-coupled selectivity: Whether PAINs filters mask an antiviral asset. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909945. [PMID: 36339544 PMCID: PMC9634583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has elicited much laboratory and clinical research attention on vaccines, mAbs, and certain small-molecule antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 infection. By contrast, there has been comparatively little attention on plant-derived compounds, especially those that are understood to be safely ingested at common doses and are frequently consumed in the diet in herbs, spices, fruits and vegetables. Examining plant secondary metabolites, we review recent elucidations into the pharmacological activity of flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds and also survey their putative frequent-hitter behavior. Polyphenols, like many drugs, are glucuronidated post-ingestion. In an inflammatory milieu such as infection, a reversion back to the active aglycone by the release of β-glucuronidase from neutrophils and macrophages allows cellular entry of the aglycone. In the context of viral infection, virions and intracellular virus particles may be exposed to promiscuous binding by the polyphenol aglycones resulting in viral inhibition. As the mechanism's scope would apply to the diverse range of virus species that elicit inflammation in infected hosts, we highlight pre-clinical studies of polyphenol aglycones, such as luteolin, isoginkgetin, quercetin, quercetagetin, baicalein, curcumin, fisetin and hesperetin that reduce virion replication spanning multiple distinct virus genera. It is hoped that greater awareness of the potential spatial selectivity of polyphenolic activation to sites of pathogenic infection will spur renewed research and clinical attention for natural products antiviral assaying and trialing over a wide array of infectious viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Spelman
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
- Health Education and Research, Driggs, ID, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Burnouf PA, Roffler SR, Wu CC, Su YC. Glucuronides: From biological waste to bio-nanomedical applications. J Control Release 2022; 349:765-782. [PMID: 35907593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Long considered as no more than biological waste meant to be eliminated in urine, glucuronides have recently contributed to tremendous developments in the biomedical field, particularly against cancer. While glucuronide prodrugs monotherapy and antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy have been around for some time, new facets have emerged that combine the unique properties of glucuronides notably in the fields of antibody-drug conjugates and nanomedicine. In both cases, glucuronides are utilized as a vector to improve pharmacokinetics and confer localized activation of potent drugs at tumor sites while also decreasing systemic toxicity. Here we will discuss some of the most promising strategies using glucuronides to promote successful anti-tumor therapeutic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alain Burnouf
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Steve R Roffler
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Su
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thomas K, Khymenets O, Pozo Ó, McLeod MD. Synthesis of 3α,6β‐Dihydroxyandrostan‐17‐one 3‐Glucuronides for the Detection of Testosterone Misuse. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Komba Thomas
- ANU: Australian National University Research School of Chemistry Building 137, Linnaeus WayActon 2601 Canberra AUSTRALIA
| | - Olha Khymenets
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques: Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques Applied Metabolomics Research Group Doctor Aiguader, 8808003 Barcelona 08003 Barcelona SPAIN
| | - Óscar Pozo
- IMIM: Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques Applied Metabolomics Research Group Doctor Aiguader, 8808003 Barcelona 08003 Barcelona SPAIN
| | - Malcolm Donald McLeod
- ANU: Australian National University Research School of Chemistry Building 137, Linnaeus WayActon 2601 Canberra AUSTRALIA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peeters L, Foubert K, Breynaert A, Schreurs G, Verhulst A, Pieters L, Hermans N. Effects of medicagenic acid metabolites, originating from biotransformation of an Herniaria hirsuta extract, on calcium oxalate crystallization in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114860. [PMID: 34822955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herniaria hirsuta is traditionally used in Moroccan folk medicine for treatment of urinary stones and as a diuretic. It is rich in saponins, which are known to be deglycosylated in the colon, whereafter aglycones such as medicagenic acid are absorbed and further metabolized in the liver. AIM OF THE STUDY A sample of hepatic metabolites of medicagenic acid, with medicagenic acid glucuronide as the most abundant one, was evaluated for in vitro activity against urinary stones. A crystallization assay and a crystal-cell interaction assay were used to evaluate in vitro activity of hepatic metabolites of medicagenic acid on CaC2O4 (calciumoxalate) crystals, present in the majority of urinary stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the crystallization assay the effects on nucleation of Ca2+ and C2O42- and aggregation of the CaC2O4 crystals are studied. In the crystal-cell interaction assay crystal retention is investigated by determining the amount of Ca2+ bound to injured monolayers of MDCK I cells. RESULTS Results of the crystallization assay showed a tentative effect on crystal aggregation. The crystal-cell interaction assay showed a significant inhibition of crystal binding, which may reduce crystal retention in the urinary tract. CONCLUSIONS As both formation of crystals by inhibiting aggregation and retention of crystals is affected, the beneficial effect of H. hirsuta against urinary stones may at least in part be attributed to medicagenic acid metabolites, indicating that saponins containing medicagenic acid may act as prodrugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Peeters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annelies Breynaert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerd Schreurs
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu Q, Luo JY, Ruan HN, Wang CJ, Yang MH. Structure-toxicity relationships, toxicity mechanisms and health risk assessment of food-borne modified deoxynivalenol and zearalenone: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151192. [PMID: 34710421 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin, as one of the most common pollutants in foodstuffs, poses great threat to food security and human health. Specifically, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN)-two mycotoxin contaminants with considerable toxicity widely existing in food products-have aroused broad public concerns. Adding to this picture, modified forms of DON and ZEN, have emerged as another potential environmental and health threat, owing to their higher re-transformation rate into parent mycotoxins inducing accumulation of mycotoxin in humans and animals. Given this, a better understanding of the toxicity of modified mycotoxins is urgently needed. Moreover, the lack of toxicity data means a proper risk assessment of modified mycotoxins remains challenging. To better evaluate the toxicity of modified DON and ZEN, we have reviewed the relationship between their structures and toxicities. The toxicity mechanisms behind modified DON and ZEN have also been discussed; briefly, these involve acute, subacute, chronic, and combined toxicities. In addition, this review also addresses the global occurrence of modified DON and ZEN, and summarizes novel methods-including in silico analysis and implementation of relative potency factors-for risk assessment of modified DON and ZEN. Finally, the health risk assessment of modified DON and ZEN has also been discussed comprehensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao-Nan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
In silico deconjugation of glucuronide conjugates enhances tandem mass spectra library annotation of human samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2629-2640. [PMID: 35080654 PMCID: PMC8888480 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectral library annotation of liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) data is a reliable approach for fast identification of organic contaminants and toxicants in complex environmental and biological matrices. While determining the exposure of humans or mammals, it is indispensable to include phase I and phase II metabolites (conjugates) along with the parent compounds, but often, tandem mass spectra for these are unavailable. In this study, we present and evaluate a strategy for annotating glucuronide conjugates in LC-HRMS/MS scans by applying a neutral loss search for detection, then truncating the spectra which we refer to as in silico deconjugation, and finally searching these against mass spectral libraries of the aglycones. The workflow was tested on a dataset of in vitro-generated glucuronides of reference standard mixtures and a dataset of 51 authentic urine samples collected from patients with known medication status, acquired on different instrumentations. A total number of 75 different glucuronidated molecular structures were identified by in silico deconjugation and spectral library annotation. We also identified specific molecular structures (sulfonamides, ether bonds, di-glucuronides), which resulted in slightly different fragmentation patterns between the glucuronide and the unconjugated compound. This led to a decreased spectral matching score and in some cases to a false-negative identification. Still, by applying this method, we revealed a reliable annotation of most common glucuronides, leading to a new strategy reducing the need for deconjugation steps or for recording many reference glucuronide spectra for screening approaches.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang XJ, Ji YX, Cheng X, Cheng Y, Yang H, Wang J, Zhao LP, Huang YP, Sun D, Xiang H, Shen LJ, Li PL, Ma JP, Tian RF, Yang J, Yao X, Xu H, Liao R, Xiao L, Zhang P, Zhang X, Zhao GN, Wang X, Hu ML, Tian S, Wan J, Cai J, Ma X, Xu Q, Wang Y, Touyz RM, Liu PP, Loomba R, She ZG, Li H. A small molecule targeting ALOX12-ACC1 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice and macaques. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabg8116. [PMID: 34910548 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg8116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yanjie Cheng
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Junyong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ling-Ping Zhao
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yong-Ping Huang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dating Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li-Jun Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Peng-Long Li
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jun-Peng Ma
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Rui-Feng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xinxin Yao
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Rufang Liao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guang-Nian Zhao
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Man-Li Hu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Song Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Juan Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19004, USA
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Centre for Clinic Pharmacology, The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- British Heart Foundation Chair in Cardiovascular Medicine, and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Peter P Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Walther R, Monge P, Pedersen AB, Benderoth A, Pedersen JN, Farzadfard A, Mandrup OA, Howard KA, Otzen DE, Zelikin AN. Per-glycosylation of the Surface-Accessible Lysines: One-Pot Aqueous Route to Stabilized Proteins with Native Activity. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2478-2485. [PMID: 33998129 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemical glycosylation of proteins is a powerful tool applied widely in biomedicine and biotechnology. However, it is a challenging undertaking and typically relies on recombinant proteins and site-specific conjugations. The scope and utility of this nature-inspired methodology would be broadened tremendously by the advent of facile, scalable techniques in glycosylation, which are currently missing. In this work, we investigated a one-pot aqueous protocol to achieve indiscriminate, surface-wide glycosylation of the surface accessible amines (lysines and/or N-terminus). We reveal that this approach afforded minimal if any change in the protein activity and recognition events in biochemical and cell culture assays, but at the same time provided a significant benefit of stabilizing proteins against aggregation and fibrillation - as demonstrated on serum proteins (albumins and immunoglobulin G, IgG), an enzyme (uricase), and proteins involved in neurodegenerative disease (α-synuclein) and diabetes (insulin). Most importantly, this highly advantageous result was achieved via a one-pot aqueous protocol performed on native proteins, bypassing the use of complex chemical methodologies and recombinant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Walther
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Pere Monge
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Anja Benderoth
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | | | - Azad Farzadfard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Ole A Mandrup
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Alexander N Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xue Y, Bai H, Peng B, Fang B, Baell J, Li L, Huang W, Voelcker NH. Stimulus-cleavable chemistry in the field of controlled drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4872-4931. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively summarises stimulus-cleavable linkers from various research areas and their cleavage mechanisms, thus provides an insightful guideline to extend their potential applications to controlled drug release from nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xue
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Hua Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bo Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Bin Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Jonathan Baell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton
- Victoria 3168
- Australia
| | - Lin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| | - Nicolas Hans Voelcker
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics
- Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 West Youyi Road
- Xi'an 710072
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
London JA, Wang ECS, Barsukov IL, Yates EA, Stachulski AV. Synthesis and toxicity profile in 293 human embryonic kidney cells of the β D-glucuronide derivatives of ortho-, meta- and para-cresol. Carbohydr Res 2020; 499:108225. [PMID: 33353664 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The formation of β-glucuronides is a major route by which mammals detoxify and remove breakdown products, such as l-tyrosine, as well as many xenobiotics, from their systems. In humans, dietary l-tyrosine is broken down largely by the action of the anaerobic gut bacterium C. difficile to p-cresol, providing a competitive advantage in the gut microbiota. Ortho- (o-) and meta- (m-), cresols, also present in the environment, may share a common degradative pathway. Relatively little work has been done on cresyl glucuronides. Here, a direct synthesis of o-, m-, and p-cresyl β-D-glucuronides from methyl 1,2,3,4 tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucuronate and the respective cresol employing trimethylsilyltriflate as promoter is presented. The protected intermediates were hydrolysed using aqueous sodium carbonate to yield the cresyl β-glucuronides. The toxicities of the o-, m- and p-cresyl β-D-glucuronides were compared. All three were less toxic to HEK293 cells than their respective cresol precursors: toxicity followed the order o < m < p for Na+ salts and o < p < m for Ca2+ salts. The m-cresyl-glucuronide Ca2+ salt and p-cresyl-glucuronide Na+ salt reduced colony formation by 11% and 9% (v. 30% reduction from the aglycone) respectively, whereas o-cresyl-glucuronide (both Na+ and Ca2+ salts), mildly stimulated HEK293 cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A London
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Emily C S Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Igor L Barsukov
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V Stachulski
- Robert Robinson Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shanu-Wilson J, Evans L, Wrigley S, Steele J, Atherton J, Boer J. Biotransformation: Impact and Application of Metabolism in Drug Discovery. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2087-2107. [PMID: 33214818 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation has a huge impact on the efficacy and safety of drugs. Ultimately the effects of metabolism can be the lynchpin in the discovery and development cycle of a new drug. This article discusses the impact and application of biotransformation of drugs by mammalian systems, microorganisms, and recombinant enzymes, covering active and reactive metabolites, the impact of the gut microbiome on metabolism, and how insights gained from biotransformation studies can influence drug design from the combined perspectives of a CRO specializing in a range of biotransformation techniques and pharma biotransformation scientists. We include a commentary on how biology-driven approaches can complement medicinal chemistry strategies in drug optimization and the in vitro and surrogate systems available to explore and exploit biotransformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Shanu-Wilson
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, U.K
| | - Liam Evans
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, U.K
| | - Stephen Wrigley
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, U.K
| | - Jonathan Steele
- Hypha Discovery Ltd., 154B Brook Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4SD, U.K
| | - James Atherton
- Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Jason Boer
- Incyte Corporation, 1801 Augustine Cut-off, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jarlstad Olesen MT, Walther R, Poier PP, Dagnæs‐Hansen F, Zelikin AN. Molecular, Macromolecular, and Supramolecular Glucuronide Prodrugs: Lead Identified for Anticancer Prodrug Monotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morten T. Jarlstad Olesen
- Department of ChemistryAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanosciece CentreAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Raoul Walther
- Department of ChemistryAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | | | | | - Alexander N. Zelikin
- Department of ChemistryAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanosciece CentreAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jarlstad Olesen MT, Walther R, Poier PP, Dagnæs‐Hansen F, Zelikin AN. Molecular, Macromolecular, and Supramolecular Glucuronide Prodrugs: Lead Identified for Anticancer Prodrug Monotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7390-7396. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morten T. Jarlstad Olesen
- Department of ChemistryAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanosciece CentreAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Raoul Walther
- Department of ChemistryAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | | | | | - Alexander N. Zelikin
- Department of ChemistryAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanosciece CentreAarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cerny MA, Kalgutkar AS, Obach RS, Sharma R, Spracklin DK, Walker GS. Effective Application of Metabolite Profiling in Drug Design and Discovery. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6387-6406. [PMID: 32097005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
At one time, biotransformation was a descriptive activity in pharmaceutical development, viewed simply as structural elucidation of drug metabolites, completed only once compounds entered clinical development. Herein, we present our strategic approach using structural elucidation to enable chemistry design/SAR development. The approach considers four questions that often present themselves to medicinal chemists optimizing their compounds for candidate selection: (1) What are the important clearance mechanisms that mediate the disposition of my molecule? (2) Can metabolic liabilities be modulated in a favorable way? (3) Does my compound undergo bioactivation to a reactive metabolite? (4) Do any of the metabolites possess activity, either on- or off-target? An additional question necessary to support compound development relates to metabolites in safety testing (MIST) and our approach also addresses this question. The value in structural elucidation is derived from its application to better design molecules, guide their clinical development, and underwrite patient safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Cerny
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - R Scott Obach
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Douglas K Spracklin
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory S Walker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nocardamin glucuronide, a new member of the ferrioxamine siderophores isolated from the ascamycin-producing strain Streptomyces sp. 80H647. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:991-995. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0217-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Correia MSP, Rao M, Ballet C, Globisch D. Coupled Enzymatic Treatment and Mass Spectrometric Analysis for Identification of Glucuronidated Metabolites in Human Samples. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1678-1683. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario S. P. Correia
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Menghua Rao
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Caroline Ballet
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pranata A, Fitzgerald CC, Khymenets O, Westley E, Anderson NJ, Ma P, Pozo OJ, McLeod MD. Synthesis of steroid bisglucuronide and sulfate glucuronide reference materials: Unearthing neglected treasures of steroid metabolism. Steroids 2019; 143:25-40. [PMID: 30513322 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Doubly or bisconjugated steroid metabolites have long been known as minor components of the steroid profile that have traditionally been studied by laborious and indirect fractionation, hydrolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Recently, the synthesis and characterisation of steroid bis(sulfate) (aka disulfate or bis-sulfate) reference materials enabled the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) study of this metabolite class and the development of a constant ion loss (CIL) scan method for the direct and untargeted detection of steroid bis(sulfate) metabolites. Methods for the direct LC-MS/MS detection of other bisconjugated steroids, such as steroid bisglucuronide and mixed steroid sulfate glucuronide metabolites, have great potential to reveal a more complete picture of the steroid profile. However, access to steroid bisglucuronide or sulfate glucuronide reference materials necessary for LC-MS/MS method development, metabolite identification or quantification is severely limited. In this work, ten steroid bisglucuronide and ten steroid sulfate glucuronide reference materials were synthesised through an ordered combination of chemical sulfation and/or enzymatic glucuronylation reactions. All compounds were purified and characterised using NMR and MS methods. Chemistry for the preparation of stable isotope labelled steroid {13C6}-glucuronide internal standards has also been developed and applied to the preparation of two selectively mono-labelled steroid bisglucuronide reference materials used to characterise more completely MS fragmentation pathways. The electrospray ionisation and fragmentation of the bisconjugated steroid reference materials has been studied. Preliminary targeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis of the reference materials prepared revealed the presence of three steroid sulfate glucuronides as endogenous human urinary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Pranata
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Olha Khymenets
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erin Westley
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Natasha J Anderson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Paul Ma
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM, Hospital del Mar, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Malcolm D McLeod
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu X, Wen GE, Liu JC, Liao JX, Sun JS. Total synthesis of scutellarin and apigenin 7-O-β-d-glucuronide. Carbohydr Res 2019; 475:69-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
22
|
Walther R, Jarlstad Olesen MT, Zelikin AN. Extended scaffold glucuronides: en route to the universal synthesis of O-aryl glucuronide prodrugs. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6970-6974. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An extended scaffold is the key to facile glucuronidation for the synthesis of prodrugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Walther
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus
- Denmark
| | | | - Alexander N. Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus
- Denmark
- iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Practical one-step glucuronidation via biotransformation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:199-203. [PMID: 30551902 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a practical one-step glucuronidation method by biotransformation using Streptomyces sp. SANK 60895. This novel direct method of biotransformation has been shown to be more practical and scalable for glucuronidation than previously reported chemical and enzymatic procedures given its simplicity, high β-selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and reproducibility. We applied the present method to the synthesis of acyl glucuronide and hydroxy-β-glucuronide of mycophenolic acid and compound 4, respectively. This method was also shown to be applicable to the N-glucuronidation of various compounds.
Collapse
|
24
|
Walther R, Nielsen SM, Christiansen R, Meyer RL, Zelikin AN. Combatting implant-associated biofilms through localized drug synthesis. J Control Release 2018; 287:94-102. [PMID: 30138714 PMCID: PMC6176123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of implantable biomaterials is a significant socioeconomic and healthcare burden. Indeed, bacterial colonization of implants after surgery has a high rate of incidence whereas concurrent prophylaxis using systemic antibiotics has limited clinical success. In this work, we develop enzyme-prodrug therapy (EPT) to prevent and to treat bacteria at interfaces. Towards the overall goal, novel prodrugs for fluoroquinolone antibiotics were developed on a privileged glucuronide scaffold. Whereas carbamoyl prodrugs were not stable and not suitable for EPT, glucuronides containing self-immolative linker between glucuronic acid masking group and the antibiotic were stable in solution and readily underwent bioconversion in the presence of β-glucuronidase. Surface coatings for model biomaterials were engineered using sequential polymer deposition technique. Resulting coatings afforded fast prodrug conversion and mediated antibacterial measures against planktonic species as evidenced by pronounced zone of bacterial growth inhibition around the biomaterial surface. These biomaterials coupled with the glucuronide prodrugs also effectively combatted bacteria within established biofilms and also successfully prevented bacterial colonization of the surface. To our knowledge, this is the first report of EPT engineered to the surface of biomaterials to mediate antibacterial measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Walther
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Signe Maria Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Rikke Christiansen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Rikke L Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
| | - Alexander N Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ryder TF, Calabrese MF, Walker GS, Cameron KO, Reyes AR, Borzilleri KA, Delmore J, Miller R, Kurumbail RG, Ward J, Kung DW, Brown JA, Edmonds DJ, Eng H, Wolford AC, Kalgutkar AS. Acyl Glucuronide Metabolites of 6-Chloro-5-[4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenyl]-1 H-indole-3-carboxylic Acid (PF-06409577) and Related Indole-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives are Direct Activators of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK). J Med Chem 2018; 61:7273-7288. [PMID: 30036059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies on indole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as direct activators of human adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1β1γ1 isoform have culminated in the identification of PF-06409577 (1), PF-06885249 (2), and PF-06679142 (3) as potential clinical candidates. Compounds 1-3 are primarily cleared in animals and humans via glucuronidation. Herein, we describe the biosynthetic preparation, purification, and structural characterization of the glucuronide conjugates of 1-3. Spectral characterization of the purified glucuronides M1, M2, and M3 indicated that they were acyl glucuronide derivatives. In vitro pharmacological evaluation revealed that all three acyl glucuronides retained selective activation of β1-containing AMPK isoforms. Inhibition of de novo lipogenesis with representative parent carboxylic acids and their respective acyl glucuronide conjugates in human hepatocytes demonstrated their propensity to activate cellular AMPK. Cocrystallization of the AMPK α1β1γ1 isoform with 1-3 and M1-M3 provided molecular insights into the structural basis for AMPK activation by the glucuronide conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim F Ryder
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Matthew F Calabrese
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Gregory S Walker
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | | | | | - Kris A Borzilleri
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | | | | | - Ravi G Kurumbail
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | | | - Daniel W Kung
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Janice A Brown
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | | | - Heather Eng
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Angela C Wolford
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Belenok MG, Andreeva OV, Garifullin BF, Strobykina AS, Kravchenko MA, Voloshina AD, Kataev VE. Synthesis and Antitubercular, Antimicrobial, and Hemolytic Activity of Methyl D-Glucopyranuronate and Its Simplest Derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217120106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
27
|
In situ targeted activation of an anticancer agent using ultrasound-triggered release of composite droplets. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:2-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
28
|
Sharipova RR, Andreeva OV, Strobykina IY, Voloshina AD, Strobykina AS, Kataev VE. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Glucuronosyl Derivatives of Steviolbioside from Stevia rebaudiana. Chem Nat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-017-2211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Docampo M, Olubu A, Wang X, Pasinetti G, Dixon RA. Glucuronidated Flavonoids in Neurological Protection: Structural Analysis and Approaches for Chemical and Biological Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7607-7623. [PMID: 28789524 PMCID: PMC5954986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Both plant and mammalian cells express glucuronosyltransferases that catalyze glucuronidation of polyphenols such as flavonoids and other small molecules. Oral administration of select polyphenolic compounds leads to the accumulation of the corresponding glucuronidated metabolites at μM and sub-μM concentrations in the brain, associated with amelioration of a range of neurological symptoms. Determining the mechanisms whereby botanical extracts impact cognitive wellbeing and psychological resiliency will require investigation of the modes of action of the brain-targeted metabolites. Unfortunately, many of these compounds are not commercially available. This article describes the latest approaches for the analysis and synthesis of glucuronidated flavonoids. Synthetic schemes include both standard organic synthesis, semisynthesis, enzymatic synthesis and use of synthetic biology utilizing heterologous enzymes in microbial platform organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maite Docampo
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Adiji Olubu
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Giulio Pasinetti
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Substrate mediated enzyme prodrug therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 118:24-34. [PMID: 28457884 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Substrate mediated enzyme prodrug therapy (SMEPT) is a biomedical platform developed to perform a localized synthesis of drugs mediated by implantable biomaterials. This approach combines the benefits and at the same time offers to overcome the drawbacks for traditional pill-based drug administration and site-specific, implant mediated drug delivery. Specifically, SMEPT offers the flexibility of delivering multiple drugs - individually as monotherapy, in sequence, or as a combination therapy, all of which is also accomplished in a site-specific manner. This technology is also unique for site-specific synthesis of drugs with short half-life, such as nitric oxide. This review presents historical development of SMEPT from early reports to the most recent examples, and also outlines potential avenues for subsequent development of this platform.
Collapse
|
31
|
Walther R, Rautio J, Zelikin AN. Prodrugs in medicinal chemistry and enzyme prodrug therapies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 118:65-77. [PMID: 28676386 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prodrugs are cunning derivatives of therapeutic agents designed to improve the pharmacokinetics profile of the drug. Within a prodrug, pharmacological activity of the drug is masked and is recovered within the human body upon bioconversion of the prodrug, a process that is typically mediated by enzymes. This concept is highly successful and a significant fraction of marketed therapeutic formulations is based on prodrugs. An advanced subset of prodrugs can be engineered such as to achieve site-specific bioconversion of the prodrug - to comprise the highly advantageous "enzyme prodrug therapy", EPT. Design of prodrugs for EPT is similar to the prodrugs in general medicinal use in that the pharmacological activity of the drug is masked, but differs significantly in that site-specific bioconversion is a prime consideration, and the enzymes typically used for EPT are non-mammalian and/or with low systemic abundance in the human body. This review focuses on the design of prodrugs for EPT in terms of the choice of an enzyme and the corresponding prodrug for bioconversion. We also discuss the recent success of "self immolative linkers" which significantly empower and diversify the prodrug design, and present methodologies for the design of prodrugs with extended blood residence time. The review aims to be of specific interest for medicinal chemists, biomedical engineers, and pharmaceutical scientists.
Collapse
|
32
|
Fredenhagen A, Eggimann FK, Kittelmann M, Lochmann T, Kühnöl J. Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A4 forms tertiary N-glucuronides predominately with the energetically less favored tautomer of substituted 1H-indazole (benzpyrazole). J Anal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-017-0120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
|
33
|
Mueller D, Jung K, Winter M, Rogoll D, Melcher R, Richling E. Human intervention study to investigate the intestinal accessibility and bioavailability of anthocyanins from bilberries. Food Chem 2017; 231:275-286. [PMID: 28450007 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the importance of the large intestine on the bioavailability of anthocyanins from bilberries in humans with/without a colon. Low bioavailability of anthocyanins in plasma and urine was observed in the frame of this study. Anthocyanins reached the circulation mainly as glucuronides. Analysis of ileal effluents (at end of small intestine) demonstrated that 30% of ingested anthocyanins were stable during 8h passage through the upper intestine. Only 20% degradants were formed and mostly intact anthocyanins were absorbed from the small intestine. Higher amounts of degradants than anthocyanins reached the circulation after bilberry extract consumption in both groups of subjects. Comparison of the bioavailability of anthocyanins in healthy subjects versus ileostomists revealed substantially higher amounts of anthocyanins and degradants in the plasma/urine of subjects with an intact gut. The results suggested that the colon is a significant site for absorption of bioactive components such as anthocyanins and their degradation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Mueller
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jung
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Manuel Winter
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dorothee Rogoll
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Melcher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Izmest’ev ES, Andreeva OV, Sharipova RR, Kravchenko MA, Garifullin BF, Strobykina IY, Kataev VE, Mironov VF. Synthesis and antitubercular activity of first glucuronosyl phosphates and amidophosphates containing polymethylene chains. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
35
|
Van Vleet TR, Liu H, Lee A, Blomme EAG. Acyl glucuronide metabolites: Implications for drug safety assessment. Toxicol Lett 2017; 272:1-7. [PMID: 28286018 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Acyl glucuronides are important metabolites of compounds with carboxylic acid moieties and have unique properties that distinguish them from other phase 2 metabolites. In particular, in addition to being often unstable, acyl glucuronide metabolites can be chemically reactive leading to covalent binding with macromolecules and toxicity. While there is circumstantial evidence that drugs forming acyl glucuronide metabolites can be associated with rare, but severe idiosyncratic toxic reactions, many widely prescribed drugs with good safety records are also metabolized through acyl glucuronidation. Therefore, there is a need to understand the various factors that can affect the safety of acyl glucuronide-producing drugs including the rate of acyl glucuronide formation, the relative reactivity of the acyl glucuronide metabolite formed, the rate of elimination, potential proteins being targeted, and the rate of aglucuronidation. In this review, these factors are discussed and various approaches to de-risk the safety liabilities of acyl glucuronide metabolites are evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry R Van Vleet
- Abbvie, Development Sciences, Department of Preclinical Safety, United States.
| | - Hong Liu
- Abbvie, Development Sciences, Biomeasure and Metabolism, United States
| | - Anthony Lee
- Abbvie, Development Sciences, Biomeasure and Metabolism, United States
| | - Eric A G Blomme
- Abbvie, Development Sciences, Department of Preclinical Safety, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Strobykina IY, Andreeva OV, Garifullin BF, Sharipova RR, Kataev VE. First conjugate of glucuronic acid with triterpenoid dihydrobetulin. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
37
|
Giralt E, Lo Re D. The Therapeutic Potential of Migrastatin-Core Analogs for the Treatment of Metastatic Cancer. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020198. [PMID: 28208778 PMCID: PMC6155687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a complex process in which cells detach from the primary tumor and colonize a distant organ. Metastasis is also the main process responsible for cancer-related death. Despite the enormous efforts made to unravel the metastatic process, there is no effective therapy, and patients with metastatic tumors have poor prognosis. In this regard, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic tools for the treatment of this disease. Small molecules with the capacity to reduce cell migration could be used to treat metastasis. Migrastatin-core analogs are naturally inspired macrocycles that inhibit pathological cell migration and are able to reduce metastasis in animal models. Migrastatin analogs can be synthesized from a common advanced intermediate. Herein we present a review of the synthetic approaches that can be used to prepare this key intermediate, together with a review of the biological activity of migrastatin-core analogs and current hypotheses concerning their mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1-11, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Daniele Lo Re
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, C/Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang HY, Simmons CJ, Zhang Y, Smits AM, Balzer PG, Wang S, Tang W. Chiral Catalyst-Directed Dynamic Kinetic Diastereoselective Acylation of Anomeric Hydroxyl Groups and a Controlled Reduction of the Glycosyl Ester Products. Org Lett 2017; 19:508-511. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yuan Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Christopher J. Simmons
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Angela M. Smits
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Paul G. Balzer
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Shuojin Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- School
of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Tang
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Izmest'ev Y, Andreeva O, Sharipova R, Garifullin B, Strobykina I, Kravchenko M, Kataev V. Synthesis and antituberculosis activity of some phosphorus containing glycolipids on the basis of glucuronic acid. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2016.1217220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeny Izmest'ev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Andreeva
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Radmila Sharipova
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Bulat Garifullin
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Strobykina
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Marionella Kravchenko
- Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology, Ministry of Health Protection of the Russian Federation, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Kataev
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cheng Y, Zhou J, Wang M, Liu Y, Guo B, Chen B. Single-shot multi-reaction monitoring of intact marker conjugates for quantitative profiling of human major microsomal glucuronidations and its utility to screen inhibitors from medicinal herbs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8117-8132. [PMID: 27604270 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) is a polymorphic family of conjugating enzymes responsible for the elimination of a myriad of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The precise reaction phenotyping of this multi-isoform superfamily is hampered by a lack of fast generic methods for directly measuring the diverse glucuronoconjugate metabolites for comprehensive profiling of UGT isoform-specific glucuronidations. We report here a single-shot liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method enabling the simultaneous direct measurement of nine intact glucuronides from hepatic microsomal glucuronidations mediated by a battery of isoforms (1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, 2B7, 2B10, 2B15, and 2B17), which represent the majority of human UGTs in drug metabolism. This new method is based on post-incubation pooling of the individual probe reaction samples for nine-in-one cassette analysis with polarity switching multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of all the marker glucuronides within a single LC-MS/MS injection. The pooled sample strategy overcomes the cross-interferences among the cocktail substrates and also increases the throughput. The periodic polarity switching of the LC-MRM acquisition expands the glucuronide profiling coverage using a generic single-run analysis. The source-induced dissociation of the glucuronoconjugates was evaluated as a generic alternative for their quantitation as their free aglycones, but a significant bias occurs against the traditional assumption that the parent substrates could be used as the surrogates for quantifying their glucuronide metabolites without authentic standards. After collective validations for analyte quantitation and enzyme kinetics, this single-shot cassette quantitative profiling approach may prove useful in large-scale phenotyping of human glucuronidations and rapid screening for UGT inhibitors in natural products. Graphical abstract Multi-reaction monitoring of intact conjugate metabolites for quantitative profiling of human major glucuronidations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Oda S, Shirai Y, Akai S, Nakajima A, Tsuneyama K, Yokoi T. Toxicological role of an acyl glucuronide metabolite in diclofenac-induced acute liver injury in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:545-553. [PMID: 27671914 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The acyl glucuronide (AG) metabolites of carboxylic acid-containing drugs are potentially chemically reactive and are suggested to be implicated in toxicity, including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and drug hypersensitivity reactions. However, it remains unknown whether AG formation is related to toxicity in vivo. In this study, we sought to determine whether AG is involved in the pathogenesis of liver injury using a mouse model of diclofenac (DIC)-induced liver injury. Mice that were administered DIC alone exhibited significantly increased plasma alanine aminotransferase levels, whereas mice that were pretreated with the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitor (-)-borneol (BOR) exhibited suppressed alanine aminotransferase levels at 3 and 6 h after DIC administration although not significant at 12 h. The plasma DIC-AG concentrations were significantly lower in BOR- and DIC-treated mice than in mice treated with DIC alone. The mRNA expression levels of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL2 and the neutrophil marker CD11b were reduced in the livers of mice that had been pretreated with BOR compared to those that had been administered DIC alone, whereas mRNA expression of the macrophage marker F4/80 was not altered. An immunohistochemical analysis at 12 h samples revealed that the numbers of myeloperoxidase- and lymphocyte antigen 6 complex-positive cells that infiltrated the liver were significantly reduced in BOR- and DIC-treated mice compared to mice that were treated with DIC alone. These results indicate that DIC-AG is partly involved in the pathogenesis of DIC-induced acute liver injury in mice by activating innate immunity and neutrophils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Oda
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuji Shirai
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sho Akai
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Nakajima
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Department of Drug Safety Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Metabolomics profiling of the free and total oxidised lipids in urine by LC-MS/MS: application in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:6307-19. [PMID: 27405874 PMCID: PMC5009176 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9742-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidised lipids, covering enzymatic and auto-oxidation-synthesised mediators, are important signalling metabolites in inflammation while also providing a readout for oxidative stress, both of which are prominent physiological processes in a plethora of diseases. Excretion of these metabolites via urine is enhanced through the phase-II conjugation with glucuronic acid, resulting in increased hydrophilicity of these lipid mediators. Here, we developed a bovine liver-β-glucuronidase hydrolysing sample preparation method, using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to analyse the total urinary oxidised lipid profile including the prostaglandins, isoprostanes, dihydroxy-fatty acids, hydroxy-fatty acids and the nitro-fatty acids. Our method detected more than 70 oxidised lipids biosynthesised from two non-enzymatic and three enzymatic pathways in urine samples. The total oxidised lipid profiling method was developed and validated for human urine and was demonstrated for urine samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pro-inflammatory mediators PGF2α and PGF3α and oxidative stress markers iPF2α- IV, 11-HETE and 14-HDoHE were positively associated with improvement of disease activity score. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory nitro-fatty acids were negatively associated with baseline disease activity. In conclusion, the developed methodology expands the current metabolic profiling of oxidised lipids in urine, and its application will enhance our understanding of the role these bioactive metabolites play in health and disease.
Collapse
|
43
|
Ikushiro S, Nishikawa M, Masuyama Y, Shouji T, Fujii M, Hamada M, Nakajima N, Finel M, Yasuda K, Kamakura M, Sakaki T. Biosynthesis of Drug Glucuronide Metabolites in the Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2274-82. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Imizu
Institute, TOPU BIO RESEARCH Co., Ltd, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yuuka Masuyama
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shouji
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Miharu Fujii
- Imizu
Institute, TOPU BIO RESEARCH Co., Ltd, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hamada
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakajima
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Moshe Finel
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Masaki Kamakura
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Imizu
Institute, TOPU BIO RESEARCH Co., Ltd, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Flesher JW, Lehner AF. Structure, function and carcinogenicity of metabolites of methylated and non-methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a comprehensive review. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:151-79. [PMID: 26894797 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1135223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Unified Theory of PAH Carcinogenicity accommodates the activities of methylated and non-methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and states that substitution of methyl groups on meso-methyl substituted PAHs with hydroxy, acetoxy, chloride, bromide or sulfuric acid ester groups imparts potent cancer producing properties. It incorporates specific predictions from past researchers on the mechanism of carcinogenesis by methyl-substituted hydrocarbons, including (1) requirement for metabolism to an ArCH2X type structure where X is a good leaving group and (2) biological substitution of a meso-methyl group at the most reactive center in non-methylated hydrocarbons. The Theory incorporates strong inferences of Fieser: (1) The mechanism of carcinogenesis involves a specific metabolic substitution of a hydrocarbon at its most reactive center and (2) Metabolic elimination of a carcinogen is a detoxifying process competitive with that of carcinogenesis and occurring by a different mechanism. According to this outlook, chemical or biochemical substitution of a methyl group at the reactive meso-position of non-methylated hydrocarbons is the first step in the mechanism of carcinogenesis for most, if not all, PAHs and the most potent metabolites of PAHs are to be found among the meso methyl-substituted hydrocarbons. Some PAHs and their known or potential metabolites and closely related compounds have been tested in rats for production of sarcomas at the site of subcutaneous injection and the results strongly support the specific predictions of the Unified Theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Flesher
- a Experimental Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA and
| | - Andreas F Lehner
- b Section of Toxicology, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Yang Y, Wang HM, Tong YF, Liu MZ, Cheng KD, Wu S, Wang W. Systems metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli to enhance the production of flavonoid glucuronides. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03304k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Through modulating UDPGA biosynthetic pathway and introducting SbUGT, an engineered strain was constructed to enhance the production of flavonoid glucuronides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- 100050 Beijing
- China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- 100050 Beijing
- China
| | - Yuan-Feng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- 100050 Beijing
- China
| | - Min-Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- 100050 Beijing
- China
| | - Ke-Di Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- 100050 Beijing
- China
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- 100050 Beijing
- China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
- 100050 Beijing
- China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Evaluation and identification of dioxin exposure biomarkers in human urine by high-resolution metabolomics, multivariate analysis and in vitro synthesis. Toxicol Lett 2016; 240:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
48
|
Wei X, Ma Y, Wu Q, Zhang J, Cai Z, Lu M. An Improved Helferich Method for the α/β-Stereoselective Synthesis of 4-Methylumbelliferyl Glycosides for the Detection of Microorganisms. Molecules 2015; 20:21681-99. [PMID: 26690097 PMCID: PMC6331929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved Helferich method is presented. It involves the glycosylation of 4-methyl-umbelliferone with glycosyl acetates in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate combined with triethylamine, pyridine, or 4-dimethylaminopyridine under mild conditions, followed by deprotection to give fluorogenic 4-methylumbelliferyl glycoside substrates. Due to the use of base, the glycosylation reaction proceeds more easily, is uncommonly α- or β-stereoselective, and affords the corresponding products in moderate to excellent yields (51%-94%) under appropriate conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhu Wei
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Yanxia Ma
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Zhihe Cai
- Guangdong Huankai Microbial Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China.
| | - Mianfei Lu
- Guangdong Huankai Microbial Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Cara CJ, Skropeta D. Glycosylation and functionalization of native amino acids with azido uronic acids. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
50
|
Lo Re D, Zhou Y, Mucha J, Jones LF, Leahy L, Santocanale C, Krol M, Murphy PV. Synthesis of Migrastatin Analogues as Inhibitors of Tumour Cell Migration: Exploring Structural Change in and on the Macrocyclic Ring. Chemistry 2015; 21:18109-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|