1
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Lancellotti L, Bianchi A, Kovtun A, Gazzano M, Marforio TD, Xia ZY, Calvaresi M, Melucci M, Zanardi C, Palermo V. Selective ion transport in large-area graphene oxide membrane filters driven by the ionic radius and electrostatic interactions. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7123-7133. [PMID: 38501609 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05874c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Filters made of graphene oxide (GO) are promising for purification of water and selective sieving of specific ions; while some results indicate the ionic radius as the discriminating factor in the sieving efficiency, the exact mechanism of sieving is still under debate. Furthermore, most of the reported GO filters are planar coatings with a simple geometry and an area much smaller than commercial water filters. Here, we show selective transport of different ions across GO coatings deposited on standard hollow fiber filters with an area >10 times larger than typical filters reported. Thanks to the fabrication procedure, we obtained a uniform coating on such complex geometry with no cracks or holes. Monovalent ions like Na+ and K+ can be transported through these filters by applying a low electric voltage, while divalent ions are blocked. By combining transport and adsorption measurements with molecular dynamics simulations and spectroscopic characterization, we unravel the ion sieving mechanism and demonstrate that it is mainly due to the interactions of the ions with the carboxylate groups present on the GO surface at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Lancellotti
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council (ISOF-CNR), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council (ISOF-CNR), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Kovtun
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council (ISOF-CNR), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council (ISOF-CNR), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - Tainah Dorina Marforio
- Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician', Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Zhen Yuan Xia
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg S-41296, Sweden
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician', Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Melucci
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council (ISOF-CNR), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, BO, Italy.
| | - Chiara Zanardi
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council (ISOF-CNR), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, BO, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity, National Research Council (ISOF-CNR), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, BO, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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2
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Jiang T, Maddalena L, Gomez J, Carosio F, Fina A. Polyelectrolytes Enabled Reduced Graphite Oxide Water Dispersions: Effects of the Structure, Molecular Weight, and Charge Density. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194165. [PMID: 36236113 PMCID: PMC9573485 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyelectrolyte (PE)-based water dispersion of graphene-related materials (GRMs) represents an interesting intermediate for the development of advanced materials by sustainable processes. Although the proof of concept has been demonstrated, there is a lack of knowledge for what concerns the effects of parameters typical of PEs such as functionalization, molecular weight, and charge density. In this work, we evaluate the effects of such parameters on the quality and long-term stability of reduced graphite oxide (rGO) dispersion in aqueous media prepared by ultrasound sonication in the presence of different PEs. Four PEs were evaluated: polyacrylic acid (PAA), branched poly(ethylenimine) (BPEI), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS). The prepared dispersions were thoroughly characterized by means of UV-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, and Raman spectroscopy. The highest concentrations of rGO were achieved by BPEI with a molecular weight of 25,000 and 270,000 Da (33 and 26 µg/mL, respectively). For other PEs, the rGO concentration was found to be independent of the molecular weight. The PAA-based dispersions displayed the best through-time stability while yielding homogeneous dispersion with a smaller average size and narrower size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Jiang
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, V.le Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lorenza Maddalena
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, V.le Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Julio Gomez
- AVANZARE Innovacion Tecnologica S.L., 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Federico Carosio
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, V.le Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alberto Fina
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, V.le Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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3
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Hu CX, Read O, Shin Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Boyes M, Zeng N, Panigrahi A, Kostarelos K, Larrosa I, Vranic S, Casiraghi C. Effects of Lateral Size, Thickness, and Stabilizer Concentration on the Cytotoxicity of Defect-Free Graphene Nanosheets: Implications for Biological Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:12626-12636. [PMID: 36185165 PMCID: PMC9513747 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we apply liquid cascade centrifugation to highly concentrated graphene dispersions produced by liquid-phase exfoliation in water with an insoluble bis-pyrene stabilizer to obtain fractions containing nanosheets with different lateral size distributions. The concentration, stability, size, thickness, and the cytotoxicity profile are studied as a function of the initial stabilizer concentration for each fraction. Our results show that there is a critical initial amount of stabilizer (0.4 mg/mL) above which the dispersions show reduced concentration, stability, and biocompatibility, no matter the lateral size of the flakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xia Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Oliver Read
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yuyoung Shin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yingxian Chen
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Matthew Boyes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Niting Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Adyasha Panigrahi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), UAB Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine
Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Booth Street East, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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4
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Garrido M, Barrejón M, Berrocal JA, Syrgiannis Z, Prato M. Polyaromatic cores for the exfoliation of popular 2D materials. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8986-8994. [PMID: 35699137 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00894g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have attracted interest from the scientific community due to their unique properties. The production of these materials has been carried out by diverse methodologies, the liquid phase exfoliation being the most promising one due to its simplicity and potential scalability. The use of several stabilizers allows to obtain dispersions of these 2D nanomaterials in solvents with low boiling points. Herein we describe a general exfoliation method for different 2D materials employing a biphasic water/dichloromethane system and two different (poly)aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This method allows us to obtain dispersions of the exfoliated 2D materials with high concentrations in the organic solvent. Due to the low boiling point of dichloromethane, and therefore its easy removal, the obtained dispersions can be employed as additives for different composites. We corroborate that the exfoliation efficiency is improved due to the π-π and van der Waals interactions between the PAHs and the layers of the 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Myriam Barrejón
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
- Neural Repair and Biomaterials Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - José Augusto Berrocal
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, Trieste 34127, Italy.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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5
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Özmen EN, Kartal E, Turan MB, Yazıcıoğlu A, Niazi JH, Qureshi A. Graphene and carbon nanotubes interfaced electrochemical nanobiosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and other respiratory viral infections: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112356. [PMID: 34579878 PMCID: PMC8339589 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives due to lack of a rapid diagnostic tool. Global scientific community is now making joint efforts on developing rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for early detection of viral infections to preventing future outbreaks. Conventional diagnostic methods for virus detection are expensive and time consuming. There is an immediate requirement for a sensitive, reliable, rapid and easy-to-use Point-of-Care (PoC) diagnostic technology. Electrochemical biosensors have the potential to fulfill these requirements, but they are less sensitive for sensing viruses/viral infections. However, sensitivity and performance of these electrochemical platforms can be improved by integrating carbon nanostructure, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These nanostructures offer excellent electrical property, biocompatibility, chemical stability, mechanical strength and, large surface area that are most desired in developing PoC diagnostic tools for detecting viral infections with speed, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness. This review summarizes recent advancements made toward integrating graphene/CNTs nanostructures and their surface modifications useful for developing new generation of electrochemical nanobiosensors for detecting viral infections. The review also provides prospects and considerations for extending the graphene/CNTs based electrochemical transducers into portable and wearable PoC tools that can be useful in preventing future outbreaks and pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Nur Özmen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enise Kartal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bora Turan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alperen Yazıcıoğlu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Javed H Niazi
- Sabanci University, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Anjum Qureshi
- Sabanci University, SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
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6
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Maddalena L, Benselfelt T, Gomez J, Hamedi MM, Fina A, Wågberg L, Carosio F. Polyelectrolyte-Assisted Dispersions of Reduced Graphite Oxide Nanoplates in Water and Their Gas-Barrier Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:43301-43313. [PMID: 34474558 PMCID: PMC8447182 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dispersion of graphene and related materials in water is needed to enable sustainable processing of these 2D materials. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) to stabilize reduced graphite oxide (rGO) dispersions in water. Atomic force microscopy colloidal probe measurements were carried out to investigate the interaction mechanisms between rGO and the polyelectrolytes (PEs). Our results show that for positive PEs, the interaction appears electrostatic, originating from the weak negative charge of graphene in water. For negative PEs, however, van der Waals forces may result in the formation of a PE shell on rGO. The PE-stabilized rGO dispersions were then used for the preparation of coatings to enhance gas barrier properties of polyethylene terephthalate films using the layer-by-layer self-assembly. Ten bilayers of rGOBPEI/rGOPAA resulted in coatings with excellent barrier properties as demonstrated by oxygen transmission rates below detection limits [<0.005 cm3/(m2 day atm)]. The observed excellent performance is ascribed to both the high density of the deposited coating and its efficient stratification. These results can enable the design of highly efficient gas barrier solutions for demanding applications, including oxygen-sensitive pharmaceutical products or flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Maddalena
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Tobias Benselfelt
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julio Gomez
- AVANZARE
Innovacion Tecnologica S.L., 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Mahiar Max Hamedi
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Carosio
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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7
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Anichini C, Samorì P. Graphene-Based Hybrid Functional Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100514. [PMID: 34174141 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a 2D material combining numerous outstanding physical properties, including high flexibility and strength, extremely high thermal conductivity and electron mobility, transparency, etc., which make it a unique testbed to explore fundamental physical phenomena. Such physical properties can be further tuned by combining graphene with other nanomaterials or (macro)molecules to form hybrid functional materials, which by design can display not only the properties of the individual components but also exhibit new properties and enhanced characteristics arising from the synergic interaction of the components. The implementation of the hybrid approach to graphene also allows boosting the performances in a multitude of technological applications. This review reports the hybrids formed by graphene combined with other low-dimensional nanomaterials of diverse dimensionality (0D, 1D, and 2D) and (macro)molecules, with emphasis on the synthetic methods. The most important applications of these hybrids in the fields of sensing, water purification, energy storage, biomedical, (photo)catalysis, and opto(electronics) are also reviewed, with a special focus on the superior performances of these hybrids compared to the individual, nonhybridized components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Anichini
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
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8
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Sorrentino R, Worsely R, Lagonegro P, Martella C, Alieva A, Scavia G, Galeotti F, Pasini M, Dubertret B, Brovelli S, Molle A, Casiraghi C, Giovanella U. Hybrid MoS 2/PEDOT:PSS transporting layers for interface engineering of nanoplatelet-based light-emitting diodes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9208-9214. [PMID: 34125122 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01066b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) are a subgroup of quantum confined materials that have recently emerged as promising active materials for solution processed light-emitting diodes (LEDs) thanks to their peculiar structural and electronic properties as well as their reduced dimensionality. Nowadays, the conventional structure for NPL-based LEDs makes use of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as a hole transporting layer (HTL). This is a well-known conjugated conductive polymer because it leads to high LED efficiency, though it has limited stability in air due to its intrinsic acidity and hygroscopicity. Here, we develop a nanocomposite aqueous ink, obtained by blending commercial PEDOT:PSS with water-based, stable and highly concentrated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets, obtained via liquid phase exfoliation (LPE), which is suitable as a HTL for solution processed NPL-based LEDs. We demonstrate that the MoS2 additive effectively works as a performance booster in unpackaged devices, thereby prolonging the lifetime up to 1000 hours under ambient conditions. Moreover, the addition of MoS2 induces a modification of the anode interface properties, including a change in the work function and a significant enhancement of the permittivity of the HTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sorrentino
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Robyn Worsely
- The University of Manchester, Department of Chemistry, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Paola Lagonegro
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Christian Martella
- CNR-IMM, Unit of Agrate Brianza, via C. Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy.
| | - Adriana Alieva
- The University of Manchester, Department of Chemistry, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Guido Scavia
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Benoit Dubertret
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-ParisTech, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université UPMC, Université Paris 06, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Molle
- CNR-IMM, Unit of Agrate Brianza, via C. Olivetti 2, 20864 Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy.
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- The University of Manchester, Department of Chemistry, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Umberto Giovanella
- CNR, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), via A. Corti 12, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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9
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Shin Y, Just-Baringo X, Boyes M, Panigrahi A, Zarattini M, Chen Y, Liu X, Morris G, Prestat E, Kostarelos K, Vranic S, Larrosa I, Casiraghi C. Enhanced liquid phase exfoliation of graphene in water using an insoluble bis-pyrene stabiliser. Faraday Discuss 2021; 227:46-60. [PMID: 33295354 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stabilisers, such as surfactants, polymers and polyaromatic molecules, offer an effective way to produce graphene dispersions in water by Liquid Phase Exfoliation (LPE) without degrading the properties of graphene. In particular, pyrene derivatives provide better exfoliation efficiency than traditional surfactants and polymers. A stabiliser is expected to be relatively soluble in order to disperse hydrophobic graphene in water. Here, we show that exfoliation can also be achieved with insoluble pyrene stabilisers if appropriately designed. In particular, bis-pyrene stabilisers (BPSs) functionalised with pyrrolidine provide a higher exfoliation efficiency and percentage of single layers compared to traditional pyrene derivatives under the same experimental conditions. This is attributed to the enhanced interactions between BPS and graphene, provided by the presence of two pyrene binding groups. This approach is therefore attractive not only to produce highly concentrated graphene, but also to use graphene to disperse insoluble molecules in water. The enhanced adsorption of BPS on graphene, however, is reflected in higher toxicity towards human epithelial bronchial immortalized cells, limiting the use of this material for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyoung Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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10
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Razzaque S, Khan MD, Aamir M, Sohail M, Bhoyate S, Gupta RK, Sher M, Akhtar J, Revaprasadu N. Selective Synthesis of Bismuth or Bismuth Selenide Nanosheets from a Metal Organic Precursor: Investigation of their Catalytic Performance for Water Splitting. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1449-1461. [PMID: 33464045 PMCID: PMC8716079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of cost-effective, functional materials that can be efficiently used for sustainable energy generation is highly desirable. Herein, a new molecular precursor of bismuth (tris(selenobenzoato)bismuth(III), [Bi(SeOCPh)3]), has been used to prepare selectively Bi or Bi2Se3 nanosheets via a colloidal route by the judicious control of the reaction parameters. The Bi formation mechanism was investigated, and it was observed that the trioctylphosphine (TOP) plays a crucial role in the formation of Bi. Employing the vapor deposition method resulted in the formation of exclusively Bi2Se3 films at different temperatures. The synthesized nanomaterials and films were characterized by p-XRD, TEM, Raman, SEM, EDX, AFM, XPS, and UV-vis spectroscopy. A minimum sheet thickness of 3.6 nm (i.e., a thickness of 8-9 layers) was observed for bismuth, whereas a thickness of 4 nm (i.e., a thickness of 4 layers) was observed for Bi2Se3 nanosheets. XPS showed surface oxidation of both materials and indicated an uncapped surface of Bi, whereas Bi2Se3 had a capping layer of oleylamine, resulting in reduced surface oxidation. The potential of Bi and Bi2Se3 nanosheets was tested for overall water-splitting application. The OER and HER catalytic performances of Bi2Se3 indicate overpotentials of 385 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and 220 mV, with Tafel slopes of 122 and 178 mV dec-1, respectively. In comparison, Bi showed a much lower OER activity (506 mV at 10 mA cm-2) but a slightly better HER (214 mV at 10 mA cm-2) performance. Similarly, Bi2Se3 nanosheets were observed to exhibit cathodic photocurrent in photoelectrocatalytic activity, which indicated their p-type behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Razzaque
- Key
Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage,
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Malik Dilshad Khan
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, Kwa-Dlangezwa 3880, South Africa
| | - Muhammad Aamir
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials Laboratory, Mirpur
University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Sohail
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Sanket Bhoyate
- Department
of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Ram K. Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Muhammad Sher
- Department
of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Javeed Akhtar
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials Laboratory, Mirpur
University of Science & Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Neerish Revaprasadu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, Kwa-Dlangezwa 3880, South Africa
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11
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Hu CX, Shin Y, Read O, Casiraghi C. Dispersant-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation of 2D materials beyond graphene. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:460-484. [PMID: 33404043 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05514j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The extensive research on liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) performed in the last 10 years has enabled a low cost and mass scalable approach to the successful production of a range of solution-processed 2-dimensional (2D) materials suitable for many applications, from composites to energy storage and printed electronics. However, direct LPE requires the use of specific solvents, which are typically toxic and expensive. Dispersant-assisted LPE allows us to overcome this problem by enabling production of solution processed 2D materials in a wider range of solvents, including water. This approach is based on the inclusion of an additive, typically an amphiphilic molecule, designed to interact with both the nanosheet and the solvent, enabling exfoliation and stabilization at the same time. This method has been extensively used for the LPE of graphene and has been discussed in many reviews, whilst little attention has been given to dispersant-assisted LPE of 2D materials beyond graphene. Considering the increasing number of 2D materials and their potential in many applications, from nanomedicine to energy storage and catalysis, this review focuses on the dispersant-assisted LPE of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and less studied 2D materials. We first provide an introduction to the fundamentals of LPE and the type of dispersants that have been used for the production of graphene, we then discuss each class of 2D material, providing an overview on the concentration and properties of the nanosheets obtained. Finally, a perspective is given on some of the challenges that need to be addressed in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xia Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M139PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Yuyoung Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M139PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Oliver Read
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M139PL, Manchester, UK.
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, M139PL, Manchester, UK.
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12
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Couvret G, Genay G, Robert C, Michel L, Caps V. Intercalation of Copper Phthalocyanine Within Bulk Graphite as a New Strategy Toward the Synthesis of CuO-Based CO Oxidation Catalysts. Front Chem 2020; 8:735. [PMID: 33110908 PMCID: PMC7489053 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphite is a widely available natural form of carbon with peculiar chemical and surface properties. It is essentially hydrophobic and consists in very stable stacks of graphene layers held together by highly delocalized π-π interactions. Its use in chemistry and in particular for catalytic applications requires modification of its structure to increase its surface area. This is commonly achieved by harsh oxidation methods which also modifies the chemical composition of graphite and enables subsequent deposition of catalytic phases via common impregnation/reduction methods. Here we show that copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) can be incorporated into unmodified bulk graphite by the straight-forward sonication of a dimethylformamide solution containing CuPc and graphite flakes. Immobilization of the CuPc complex in the graphitic matrix is shown to rely on π-π interactions between the Pc ligand and graphenic surfaces. This strong CuPc-graphene interaction facilitates oxidation of the graphitic matrix upon oxidation of the immobilized complex, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis in air. Nevertheless, a soft oxidation treatment can be designed to produce CuO nanoparticles (NPs) without degrading the dispersing graphitic matrix. These well-dispersed CuO NPs are shown (1) to decrease the degree of stacking of graphite in the solid-state by intercalation in-between graphitic stacks, (2) to be more easily reducible than bulk CuO, and (3) to be catalytically active for the oxidation of carbon monoxide. The higher mass-specific CO oxidation rates observed, as compared with CuO/alumina benchmarks, highlight the beneficial role of the carbon support and the relevance of this new strategy toward the design of copper oxide catalysts from copper phthalocyanine metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Couvret
- ICPEES (Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé), Université de Strasbourg - ECPM / CNRS UMR 7515, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ghislain Genay
- ICPEES (Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé), Université de Strasbourg - ECPM / CNRS UMR 7515, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cerise Robert
- ICPEES (Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé), Université de Strasbourg - ECPM / CNRS UMR 7515, Strasbourg, France
| | - Loïc Michel
- ICPEES (Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé), Université de Strasbourg - ECPM / CNRS UMR 7515, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Caps
- ICPEES (Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé), Université de Strasbourg - ECPM / CNRS UMR 7515, Strasbourg, France
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13
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Mukhopadhyay TK, Datta A. Disentangling the liquid phase exfoliation of two-dimensional materials: an " in silico" perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22157-22179. [PMID: 33016978 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03128c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid Phase Exfoliation (LPE) is one of the most successful synthetic roots for the preparation of two-dimensional (2D) materials from their bulk counterparts. In recent years, significant progress has been accomplished for the development and modification of LPE techniques. However, precise identification of the hierarchical steps of the molecular mechanism of LPE remains to some extent elusive. Additionally, the a priori choice of suitable solvents for successful exfoliation and dispersion of various layered materials poses a challenge for both academia and industry. Computational methods, particularly Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations with classical force-fields have contributed a great deal towards the understanding of the underlying mechanism of LPE, providing remarkable insights into the molecular-level details of the solvent-material interactions at the nanoscale and predicting "good" and "bad" solvents for exfoliation as well as stabilization of the dispersed state. With an intention to build up a unified understanding, in this perspective article, we summarize the recent advancements of molecular simulation techniques employed to decipher the mechanism of LPE, pointing out the key features of molecular interactions and identifying several thermodynamic parameters governing the phenomena. In addition, we outline the necessary characteristics of solvent molecules, essential for their use as "good" solvents towards LPE. Also, we highlight the limitations of simulation methods for the modelling of LPE. We believe that this article will be beneficial for the selection of solvents for the synthesis of novel 2D materials via LPE and will also provide a comprehensive view to computational material scientists towards the development of novel simulation protocols for investigating and analysing such complex molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titas Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
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14
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Zeng M, Kuang W, Khan I, Huang D, Du Y, Saeidi-Javash M, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Hoffman AJ, Zhang Y. Colloidal Nanosurfactants for 3D Conformal Printing of 2D van der Waals Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003081. [PMID: 32851710 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Printing techniques using nanomaterials have emerged as a versatile tool for fast prototyping and potentially large-scale manufacturing of functional devices. Surfactants play a significant role in many printing processes due to their ability to reduce interfacial tension between ink solvents and nanoparticles and thus improve ink colloidal stability. Here, a colloidal graphene quantum dot (GQD)-based nanosurfactant is reported to stabilize various types of 2D materials in aqueous inks. In particular, a graphene ink with superior colloidal stability is demonstrated by GQD nanosurfactants via the π-π stacking interaction, leading to the printing of multiple high-resolution patterns on various substrates using a single printing pass. It is found that nanosurfactants can significantly improve the mechanical stability of the printed graphene films compared with those of conventional molecular surfactant, as evidenced by 100 taping, 100 scratching, and 1000 bending cycles. Additionally, the printed composite film exhibits improved photoconductance using UV light with 400 nm wavelength, arising from excitation across the nanosurfactant bandgap. Taking advantage of the 3D conformal aerosol jet printing technique, a series of UV sensors of heterogeneous structures are directly printed on 2D flat and 3D spherical substrates, demonstrating the potential of manufacturing geometrically versatile devices based on nanosurfactant inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiang Zeng
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Wenzheng Kuang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Irfan Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Dali Huang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yipu Du
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Mortaza Saeidi-Javash
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Lecheng Zhang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zhengdong Cheng
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anthony J Hoffman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Yanliang Zhang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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15
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Oh Y, Choi HK, Jung H, Jin JU, Kim YK, You NH, Ku BC, Kim Y, Yu J. Analysis of the effect of organic solvent-sheet interfacial interaction on the exfoliation of sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide sheets in a solvent system using molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20665-20672. [PMID: 32895677 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03498c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of interfacial interaction between solvent and sheets on the exfoliation of sulfur-doped reduced graphene oxide (SrGO) sheets was studied, using molecular dynamics simulations. Four organic solvents of toluene, tetrahydrofuran, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and sulfolane, were used in this simulation. An insertion simulation considering the size effect of insertion molecules was used to determine the insertion efficiency of the solvent molecules. The insertion efficiency of toluene was the best among the four solvents due to the influence of the effective thickness of the solvent. An exfoliation simulation considering electrostatic interaction was conducted to evaluate the exfoliation efficiency of the SrGO sheets. Unlike the insertion efficiency case, the sulfolane was found to have the best exfoliation efficiency among the four solvents, due to the strong electrostatic repulsion and weak attractive energy between the SrGO sheets. The exfoliation efficiency of the SrGO sheets was improved by increasing the sulfur content and the ratio of the thiol type to the total number of sulfur-doped groups. These results reveal that decreasing the attractive energy and increasing the electrostatic repulsion between the solvent and SrGO sheets are a useful way to improve the exfoliation efficiency of SrGO sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Oh
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabukdo, 55324, Korea. and Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Baekje-daero 567, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Korea
| | - Hoi Kil Choi
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabukdo, 55324, Korea.
| | - Hana Jung
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabukdo, 55324, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Un Jin
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabukdo, 55324, Korea.
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, South Korea
| | - Nam-Ho You
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabukdo, 55324, Korea.
| | - Bon-Cheol Ku
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabukdo, 55324, Korea.
| | - Yonjig Kim
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Baekje-daero 567, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Korea
| | - Jaesang Yu
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabukdo, 55324, Korea.
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16
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Shin Y, Vranic S, Just-Baringo X, Gali SM, Kisby T, Chen Y, Gkoutzidou A, Prestat E, Beljonne D, Larrosa I, Kostarelos K, Casiraghi C. Stable, concentrated, biocompatible, and defect-free graphene dispersions with positive charge. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12383-12394. [PMID: 32490468 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02689a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The outstanding properties of graphene offer high potential for biomedical applications. In this framework, positively charged nanomaterials show better interactions with the biological environment, hence there is strong interest in the production of positively charged graphene nanosheets. Currently, production of cationic graphene is either time consuming or producing dispersions with poor stability, which strongly limit their use in the biomedical field. In this study, we made a family of new cationic pyrenes, and have used them to successfully produce water-based, highly concentrated, stable, and defect-free graphene dispersions with positive charge. The use of different pyrene derivatives as well as molecular dynamics simulations allowed us to get insights on the nanoscale interactions required to achieve efficient exfoliation and stabilisation. The cationic graphene dispersions show outstanding biocompatibility and cellular uptake as well as exceptional colloidal stability in the biological medium, making this material extremely attractive for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyoung Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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17
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Shellard PM, Srisubin T, Hartmann M, Butcher J, Fei F, Cox H, McNamara TP, McArdle T, Shepherd AM, Jacobs RMJ, Waigh TA, Flitsch SL, Blanford CF. A versatile route to edge-specific modifications to pristine graphene by electrophilic aromatic substitution. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2020; 55:10284-10302. [PMID: 32536720 PMCID: PMC7266800 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-020-04662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution produces edge-specific modifications to CVD graphene and graphene nanoplatelets that are suitable for specific attachment of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa M. Shellard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Thunyaporn Srisubin
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Mirja Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Joseph Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Fan Fei
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Henry Cox
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Thomas P. McNamara
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Trevor McArdle
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley M. Shepherd
- Chemical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Robert M. J. Jacobs
- Chemical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Thomas A. Waigh
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Christopher F. Blanford
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
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18
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Immobilization of heparin-mimetic biomacromolecules on Fe3O4 nanoparticles as magnetic anticoagulant via mussel-inspired coating. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Just-Baringo X, Shin Y, Panigrahi A, Zarattini M, Nagyte V, Zhao L, Kostarelos K, Casiraghi C, Larrosa I. Palladium catalysed C-H arylation of pyrenes: access to a new class of exfoliating agents for water-based graphene dispersions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2472-2478. [PMID: 34084412 PMCID: PMC8157272 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A new and diverse family of pyrene derivatives was synthesised via palladium-catalysed C-H ortho-arylation of pyrene-1-carboxylic acid. The strategy affords easy access to a broad scope of 2-substituted and 1,2-disubstituted pyrenes. The C1-substituent can be easily transformed into carboxylic acid, iodide, alkynyl, aryl or alkyl functionalities. This approach gives access to arylated pyrene ammonium salts, which outperformed their non-arylated parent compound during aqueous Liquid Phase Exfoliation (LPE) of graphite and compare favourably to state-of-the-art sodium pyrene-1-sulfonate PS1. This allowed the production of concentrated and stable suspensions of graphene flakes in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Just-Baringo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Yuyoung Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Adyasha Panigrahi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Marco Zarattini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Vaiva Nagyte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester AV Hill Building, Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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20
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Kovtun A, Zambianchi M, Bettini C, Liscio A, Gazzano M, Corticelli F, Treossi E, Navacchia ML, Palermo V, Melucci M. Graphene oxide-polysulfone filters for tap water purification, obtained by fast microwave oven treatment. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22780-22787. [PMID: 31577323 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06897j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The availability of clean, pure water is a major challenge for the future of our society. 2-Dimensional nanosheets of GO seem promising as nanoporous adsorbent or filters for water purification; however, their processing in macroscopic filters is challenging, and their cost vs. standard polymer filters is too high. Here, we describe a novel approach to combine graphene oxide (GO) sheets with commercial polysulfone (PSU) membranes for improved removal of organic contaminants from water. The adsorption physics of contaminants on the PSU-GO composite follows Langmuir and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) models, with partial swelling and intercalation of molecules in between the GO layers. Such a mechanism, well-known in layered clays, has not been reported previously for graphene or GO. Our approach requires minimal amounts of GO, deposited directly on the surface of the polymer, followed by stabilization using microwaves or heat. The purification efficiency of the PSU-GO composites is significantly improved vs. benchmark commercial PSU, as demonstrated by the removal of two model contaminants, rhodamine B and ofloxacin. The excellent stability of the composite is confirmed by extensive (100 hours) filtration tests in commercial water cartridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Kovtun
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattvità (CNR-ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Zambianchi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattvità (CNR-ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Cristian Bettini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattvità (CNR-ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Liscio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Gazzano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattvità (CNR-ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Franco Corticelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Treossi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattvità (CNR-ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Navacchia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattvità (CNR-ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattvità (CNR-ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy. and Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41258 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Manuela Melucci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattvità (CNR-ISOF), via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.
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21
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Heard KW, Bartlam C, Williams CD, Zhang J, Alwattar AA, Little MS, Parry AVS, Porter FM, Vincent MA, Hillier IH, Siperstein FR, Vijayaraghavan A, Yeates SG, Quayle P. Initial Studies Directed toward the Rational Design of Aqueous Graphene Dispersants. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1969-1981. [PMID: 31459448 PMCID: PMC6648898 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study presents preliminary experimental data suggesting that sodium 4-(pyrene-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate (PBSA), 5, an analogue of sodium pyrene-1-sulfonate (PSA), 1, enhances the stability of aqueous reduced graphene oxide (RGO) graphene dispersions. We find that RGO and exfoliated graphene dispersions prepared in the presence of 5 are approximately double the concentration of those made with commercially available PSA, 1. Quantum mechanical and molecular dynamics simulations provide key insights into the behavior of these molecules on the graphene surface. The seemingly obvious introduction of a polar sulfonate head group linked via an appropriate alkyl spacer to the aromatic core results in both more efficient binding of 5 to the graphene surface and more efficient solvation of the polar head group by bulk solvent (water). Overall, this improves the stabilization of the graphene flakes by disfavoring dissociation of the stabilizer from the graphene surface and inhibiting reaggregation by electrostatic and steric repulsion. These insights are currently the subject of further investigations in an attempt to develop a rational approach to the design of more effective dispersing agents for rGO and graphene in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kane W.
J. Heard
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Cian Bartlam
- School
of Materials and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Christopher D. Williams
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Junru Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Aula A. Alwattar
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- College
of Science, University of Basrah, Garmat Ali, 61004 Basrah, Iraq
| | - Mark S. Little
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Adam V. S. Parry
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Fiona M. Porter
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Mark A. Vincent
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ian H. Hillier
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Flor R. Siperstein
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Aravind Vijayaraghavan
- School
of Materials and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Stephen G. Yeates
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Peter Quayle
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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22
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Gkermpoura SS, Papadimitriou KD, Skountzos EN, Polyzos I, Pastore Carbone MG, Kotrotsos A, Mavrantzas VG, Galiotis C, Tsitsilianis C. 3-Arm star pyrene-functional PMMAs for efficient exfoliation of graphite in chloroform: fabrication of graphene-reinforced fibrous veils. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:915-931. [PMID: 30298899 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06888g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
3-Arm PMMAs end-functionalized by pyrene were designed as dispersing/stabilizing agents for the liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite in low-boiling point solvents like chloroform. The synthetic procedure comprised ARGET ATRP controlled polymerization, click chemistry and the quaternization reaction of triazole, ensuring tailor-made, well-defined pyrene-functional star PMMAs. Among a series of different pyrene-functional macromolecular topologies, the (PMMA-py2)3 proved the most efficient exfoliation agent giving relatively high graphene concentration (0.36 mg ml-1) at exceptionally low polymer/graphite mass ratio (mP/mGF = 0.003) and short sonication time (3 h). A 5-cycle iterative procedure relying on the redispersion of the sediment was developed yielding CG = 1.29 mg ml-1 with 14.8% exfoliation yield, under the favorable conditions of 10.5 h total shear mixing/tip sonication time and overall mP/mGF ratio as low as 0.15. In parallel, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were conducted which helped understand the mechanism by which pyrene-functional macromolecular topologies act as efficient dispersing agents of graphene. Finally the G@(PMMA-Py)3 hybrids were well dispersed into the PMMA matrix by electrospinning to fabricate graphene-based nanocomposite fibrous veils. These graphene/polymer nanocomposites exhibited enhanced stiffness and strength by a factor of 4.4 with 1.5 wt% graphene hybrids as nanofillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Gkermpoura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universty of Patras, GR - 26504, Patras, Greece.
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23
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Saleem J, Wang L, Chen C. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy via Targeting Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800525. [PMID: 30073803 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the major health problems all over the world and conventional therapeutic approaches have failed to attain an effective cure. Tumor microenvironments (TME) present a unique challenge in tumor therapy due to their complex structures and multiple components, which also serve as the soil for tumor growth, development, invasion, and migration. The complex TME includes immune cells, fibrous collagen structures, and tortuous blood vessels, in which conventional therapeutic approaches are rendered useless. State-of-the-art nanotechnologies have potential to cope with the threats of malignant tumors. With unique physiochemical properties, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), including graphene, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon quantum dots, offer opportunities to resolve the hurdles, by targeting not only cancer cells but also the TME. This review summarizes the progress about CNM-based cancer therapy strategies, which mainly focuses on both the treatment for cancer cells and TME-targeted modulation. In the last, the challenges for TME-based therapy via CNMs are discussed, which will be important in guiding current basic research to clinical translation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabran Saleem
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Liming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety; Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Chunying Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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24
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Water Dispersible Few-Layer Graphene Stabilized by a Novel Pyrene Derivative at Micromolar Concentration. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8090675. [PMID: 30200191 PMCID: PMC6163987 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The search for graphene or few-layer graphene production methods that are simple, allow mass production, and yield good quality material continues to provoke intense investigation. The present work contributes to this investigation through the study of the aqueous exfoliation of four types of graphene sources, which are namely graphite and graphite nanoflakes with different morphologies and geographical origins. The exfoliation was achieved in an aqueous solution of a soluble pyrene derivative that was synthesized to achieve maximum interaction with the graphene surface at low concentration (5 × 10−5 M). The yield of bilayer and few-layer graphene obtained was quantified by Raman spectroscopic analysis, and the adsorption of the pyrene derivative on the graphene surface was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The whole procedure was rationalized with the help of molecular modeling.
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25
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Hardy A, Dix J, Williams CD, Siperstein FR, Carbone P, Bock H. Design Rules for Graphene and Carbon Nanotube Solvents and Dispersants. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1043-1049. [PMID: 29361221 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The constantly widening industrial applications of carbon-based nanomaterials puts into sharp perspective the lack of true solvents in which the materials spontaneously exfoliate to individual molecules. This work shows that the different geometry of graphene compared to that of carbon nanotubes can change the potency of a molecule to act as a solvent or dispersant. Through analysis of the structure/function relationships, we derive a number of design rules that will aid the identification of the best solvent or dispersant candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hardy
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - James Dix
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Williams
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Flor R Siperstein
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Carbone
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Bock
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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26
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Yi M, Zhang C. The synthesis of two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets with enhanced tribological properties as oil additives. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9564-9573. [PMID: 35541883 PMCID: PMC9078693 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12897e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of MoS2 nanosheets as oil additives has been proved effective to reduce friction and wear. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the synthesis of MoS2 nanosheets with an ultrathin structure could benefit the friction and wear reduction, as they would penetrate into the contact area easily. In this paper, two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets were successfully fabricated by a solvothermal method with the aid of oleylamine. Meanwhile, the synthesized MoS2 nanosheets exhibited perfect dispersing stability in paraffin oil, due to the surface modification by oleylamine molecules. The friction and wear properties of the synthesized MoS2 nanosheets as oil additives were investigated using a ball-on-disk tribotester. The results showed that the two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets exhibited enhanced friction-reducing and antiwear behaviors as compared to the multilayered MoS2 nanosheets. The prominent tribological performance of the two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets was attributed to the formation of a thick tribofilm inside the wear tracks, which was confirmed by XPS analyses of the rubbing interfaces. Two-dimensional MoS2 nansheets (2D MoS2) with enhanced tribological properties were successfully fabricated with the aid of oleylamine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chenhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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27
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Choi HK, Oh Y, Jung H, Hong H, Ku BC, You NH, Kim YK, Shin ES, Yu J. Influences of carboxyl functionalization of intercalators on exfoliation of graphite oxide: a molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28616-28622. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05436c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the influences of the carboxyl functionalization of intercalators on exfoliation of graphite oxide were analyzed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Kil Choi
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Korea
- Department of Aerospace Engineering
- Chonbuk National University
| | - Yuna Oh
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Korea
| | - Hana Jung
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Korea
| | - Hyunkee Hong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Korea
| | - Bon-Cheol Ku
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Korea
| | - Nam-Ho You
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Korea
| | - Eui Sup Shin
- Department of Aerospace Engineering
- Chonbuk National University
- Jeonju
- Korea
| | - Jaesang Yu
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Korea
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28
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Graphene-based label-free electrochemical aptasensor for rapid and sensitive detection of foodborne pathogen. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6893-6905. [PMID: 29030671 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial for reliable detection of pathogenic bacteria due to its exceptional properties such as ultrahigh electron transfer ability, large surface to volume ratio, biocompatibility, and its unique interactions with DNA bases of the aptamer. In this study, rGO-azophloxine (AP) nanocomposite aptasensor was developed for a sensitive, rapid, and robust detection of foodborne pathogens. Besides providing an excellent conductive and soluble rGO nanocomposite, the AP dye also acts as an electroactive indicator for redox reactions. The interaction of the label-free single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) aptamer with the test organism, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), was monitored by differential pulse voltammetry analysis, and this aptasensor showed high sensitivity and selectivity for whole-cell bacteria detection. Under optimum conditions, this aptasensor exhibited a linear range of detection from 108 to 101 cfu mL-1 with good linearity (R 2 = 0.98) and a detection limit of 101 cfu mL-1. Furthermore, the developed aptasensor was evaluated with non-Salmonella bacteria and artificially spiked chicken food sample with S. Typhimurium. The results demonstrated that the rGO-AP aptasensor possesses high potential to be adapted for the effective and rapid detection of a specific foodborne pathogen by an electrochemical approach. Graphical abstract Fabrication of graphene-based nanocomposite aptasensor for detection of foodborne pathogen.
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29
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Zeng M, Shah SA, Huang D, Parviz D, Yu YH, Wang X, Green MJ, Cheng Z. Aqueous Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene Assisted by Sulfonyl Graphene Quantum Dots for Photonic Crystal Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:30797-30804. [PMID: 28816428 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the π-π stacking of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with graphene surfaces, showing that such interactions are general across a wide range of PAH sizes and species, including graphene quantum dots. We synthesized a series of graphene quantum dots with sulfonyl, amino, and carboxylic functional groups and employed them to exfoliate and disperse pristine graphene in water. We observed that sulfonyl-functionalized graphene quantum dots were able to stabilize the highest concentration of graphene in comparison to other functional groups; this is consistent with prior findings by pyrene. The graphene nanosheets prepared showed excellent colloidal stability, indicating great potential for applications in electronics, solar cells, and photonic displays which was demonstrated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiang Zeng
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Smit A Shah
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dali Huang
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yi-Hsien Yu
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zhengdong Cheng
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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30
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Cho J, Jeon I, Kim SY, Lim S, Jho JY. Improving Dispersion and Barrier Properties of Polyketone/Graphene Nanoplatelet Composites via Noncovalent Functionalization Using Aminopyrene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27984-27994. [PMID: 28745478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of polyketone (PK) nanocomposite films with varying content of noncovalently functionalized graphene nanoplatelet with 1-aminopyrene (GNP/APy) is prepared by solution blending with a solvent of hexafluoro-2-propanol. GNP/APy, prepared by a facile method, can effectively induce specific interaction such as hydrogen bonding between the amine functional group of GNP/APy and the carbonyl functional group of the PK matrix. With comparison of GNP and GNP/Py as reference materials, intensive investigation on filler-matrix interaction is achieved. In addition, the dispersion state of the functionalized GNP (f-GNPs; GNP/Py and GNP/APy) in the PK matrix is analyzed by three-dimensional nondestructive X-ray microcomputed tomography, and the increased dispersion state of those fillers results in significant improvement in the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The enhancement in WVTR of the PK/GNP/APy nanocomposite film at 1 wt % loading of filler leads to a barrier performance approximately 2 times larger compared to that of PK/GNP nanocomposite film and an approximately 92% reduction in WVTR compared to the case of pristine PK film. We expect that this facile method of graphene functionalization to enhance graphene dispersibility as well as interfacial interaction with the polymer matrix will be widely utilized to expand the potential of graphene materials to barrier film applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
- Multifunctional Structural Composite Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonbuk 565-905, Korea
| | - Ikseong Jeon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seong Yun Kim
- Multifunctional Structural Composite Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonbuk 565-905, Korea
| | - Soonho Lim
- Multifunctional Structural Composite Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonbuk 565-905, Korea
| | - Jae Young Jho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
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31
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Li W, McManus D, Liu H, Casiraghi C, Webb SJ. Aqueous dispersions of nanostructures formed through the self-assembly of iminolipids with exchangeable hydrophobic termini. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017. [PMID: 28642943 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02868g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The addition of amines to an aldehyde surfactant, which was designed to be analogous to didodecyldimethylammonium bromide, gave exchangeable "iminolipids" that self-assembled to give stable aqueous dispersions of nano-sized vesicles. For example, sonication of suspensions of the n-hexylamine-derived iminolipid gave vesicles 50 to 200 nm in diameter that could encapsulate a water-soluble dye. The iminolipids could undergo dynamic exchange with added amines, and the resulting equilibrium constants (Krel) were quantified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. In the absence of lipid self-assembly, in CDCl3, the assayed primary amines gave very similar Krel values. However in D2O the value of Krel generally increased with increasing amine hydrophobicity, consistent with partitioning into a self-assembled bilayer. Amines with aromatic groups showed significantly higher values of Krel in D2O compared to similarly hydrophobic alkylamines, suggesting that π-π interactions favor lipid self-assembly. Given this synergistic relationship, π-rich pyrenyliminolipids were created and used to exfoliate graphite, leading to aqueous dispersions of graphene flakes that were stable over several months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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32
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Lin S, Shih CJ, Sresht V, Govind Rajan A, Strano MS, Blankschtein D. Understanding the colloidal dispersion stability of 1D and 2D materials: Perspectives from molecular simulations and theoretical modeling. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 244:36-53. [PMID: 27521100 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The colloidal dispersion stability of 1D and 2D materials in the liquid phase is critical for scalable nano-manufacturing, chemical modification, composites production, and deployment as conductive inks or nanofluids. Here, we review recent computational and theoretical studies carried out by our group to model the dispersion stability of 1D and 2D materials, including single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide in aqueous surfactant solutions or organic solvents. All-atomistic (AA) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can probe the molecular level details of the adsorption morphology of surfactants and solvents around these materials, as well as quantify the interaction energy between the nanomaterials mediated by surfactants or solvents. Utilizing concepts from reaction kinetics and diffusion, one can directly predict the rate constants for the aggregation kinetics and dispersion life times using MD outputs. Furthermore, the use of coarse-grained (CG) MD simulations allows quantitative prediction of surfactant adsorption isotherms. Combined with the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, the Langmuir isotherm, and the DLVO theory, one can directly use CGMD outputs to: (i) predict electrostatic potentials around the nanomaterial, (ii) correlate surfactant surface coverages with surfactant concentrations in the bulk dispersion medium, and (iii) determine energy barriers against coagulation. Finally, we discuss challenges associated with studying emerging 2D materials, such as, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), including molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). An outlook is provided to address these challenges with plans to develop force-field parameters for MD simulations to enable predictive modeling of emerging 2D materials in the liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangchao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Perlog-Weg 1, ETH Hönggerberg, HCI E137, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vishnu Sresht
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Ananth Govind Rajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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33
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McManus D, Vranic S, Withers F, Sanchez-Romaguera V, Macucci M, Yang H, Sorrentino R, Parvez K, Son SK, Iannaccone G, Kostarelos K, Fiori G, Casiraghi C. Water-based and biocompatible 2D crystal inks for all-inkjet-printed heterostructures. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:343-350. [PMID: 28135260 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting the properties of two-dimensional crystals requires a mass production method able to produce heterostructures of arbitrary complexity on any substrate. Solution processing of graphene allows simple and low-cost techniques such as inkjet printing to be used for device fabrication. However, the available printable formulations are still far from ideal as they are either based on toxic solvents, have low concentration, or require time-consuming and expensive processing. In addition, none is suitable for thin-film heterostructure fabrication due to the re-mixing of different two-dimensional crystals leading to uncontrolled interfaces and poor device performance. Here, we show a general approach to achieve inkjet-printable, water-based, two-dimensional crystal formulations, which also provide optimal film formation for multi-stack fabrication. We show examples of all-inkjet-printed heterostructures, such as large-area arrays of photosensors on plastic and paper and programmable logic memory devices. Finally, in vitro dose-escalation cytotoxicity assays confirm the biocompatibility of the inks, extending their possible use to biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl McManus
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sandra Vranic
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Freddie Withers
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Veronica Sanchez-Romaguera
- Manchester Enterprise Centre, Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9SS, UK
| | - Massimo Macucci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Huafeng Yang
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Khaled Parvez
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Seok-Kyun Son
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Giuseppe Iannaccone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gianluca Fiori
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Casiraghi
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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34
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Jariwala D, Marks TJ, Hersam MC. Mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:170-181. [PMID: 27479211 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of a growing number of two-dimensional (2D) materials has inspired worldwide efforts to integrate distinct 2D materials into van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. Given that any passivated, dangling-bond-free surface will interact with another through vdW forces, the vdW heterostructure concept can be extended to include the integration of 2D materials with non-2D materials that adhere primarily through non-covalent interactions. We present a succinct and critical survey of emerging mixed-dimensional (2D + nD, where n is 0, 1 or 3) heterostructure devices. By comparing and contrasting with all-2D vdW heterostructures as well as with competing conventional technologies, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for mixed-dimensional vdW heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Jariwala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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35
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Eredia M, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Graphene via Molecule-Assisted Ultrasound-Induced Liquid-Phase Exfoliation: A Supramolecular Approach. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2016-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) material holding unique optical, mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. The combination of these exceptional characteristics makes graphene an ideal model system for fundamental physical and chemical studies as well as technologically ground breaking material for a large range of applications. Graphene can be produced either following a bottom-up or top-down method. The former is based on the formation of covalent networks suitably engineered molecular building blocks undergoing chemical reaction. The latter takes place through the exfoliation of bulk graphite into individual graphene sheets. Among them, ultrasound-induced liquid-phase exfoliation (UILPE) is an appealing method, being very versatile and applicable to different environments and on various substrate types. In this chapter, we describe the recently reported methods to produce graphene via molecule-assisted UILPE of graphite, aiming at the generation of high-quality graphene. In particular, we will focus on the supramolecular approach, which consists in the use of suitably designed organic molecules during the UILPE of graphite. These molecules act as graphene dispersion-stabilizing agents during the exfoliation. This method relying on the joint effect of a solvent and ad hoc molecules to foster the exfoliation of graphite into graphene in liquid environment represents a promising and modular method toward the improvement of the process of UILPE in terms of the concentration and quality of the exfoliated material. Furthermore, exfoliations in aqueous and organic solutions are presented and discussed separately.
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36
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Liscio A, Kouroupis-Agalou K, Kovtun A, Gebremedhn E, El Garah M, Rekab W, Orgiu E, Giorgini L, Samorì P, Beljonne D, Palermo V. Exfoliation of Few-Layer Graphene in Volatile Solvents Using Aromatic Perylene Diimide Derivatives as Surfactants. Chempluschem 2016; 82:358-367. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed El Garah
- ISIS & icFRC; Université de Strasbourg&CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Wassima Rekab
- ISIS & icFRC; Université de Strasbourg&CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Emanuele Orgiu
- ISIS & icFRC; Université de Strasbourg&CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Loris Giorgini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Università di Bologna; viale Risorgimento 4 40100 Bologna Italy
| | - Paolo Samorì
- ISIS & icFRC; Université de Strasbourg&CNRS; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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Parviz D, Irin F, Shah SA, Das S, Sweeney CB, Green MJ. Challenges in Liquid-Phase Exfoliation, Processing, and Assembly of Pristine Graphene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:8796-8818. [PMID: 27546380 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in the exfoliation, dispersion, and processing of pristine graphene (i.e., non-oxidized graphene) are described. General metrics are outlined that can be used to assess the quality and processability of various "graphene" products, as well as metrics that determine the potential for industrial scale-up. The pristine graphene production process is categorized from a chemical engineering point of view with three key steps: i) pretreatment, ii) exfoliation, and iii) separation. How pristine graphene colloidal stability is distinct from the exfoliation step and is dependent upon graphene interactions with solvents and dispersants are extensively reviewed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of using pristine graphene as nanofillers in polymer composites, as well as as building blocks for macrostructure assemblies are summarized in the context of large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Parviz
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fahmida Irin
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Smit A Shah
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sriya Das
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Charles B Sweeney
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Supramolecular Approaches to Graphene: From Self-Assembly to Molecule-Assisted Liquid-Phase Exfoliation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6030-51. [PMID: 26928750 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, a one-atom thick two-dimensional (2D) material, is at the core of an ever-growing research effort due to its combination of unique mechanical, thermal, optical and electrical properties. Two strategies are being pursued for the graphene production: the bottom-up and the top-down. The former relies on the use of covalent chemistry approaches on properly designed molecular building blocks undergoing chemical reaction to form 2D covalent networks. The latter occurs via exfoliation of bulk graphite into individual graphene sheets. Amongst the various types of exfoliations exploited so far, ultrasound-induced liquid-phase exfoliation (UILPE) is an attractive strategy, being extremely versatile, up-scalable and applicable to a variety of environments. In this review, we highlight the recent developments that have led to successful non-covalent functionalization of graphene and how the latter can be exploited to promote the process of molecule-assisted UILPE of graphite. The functionalization of graphene with non-covalently interacting molecules, both in dispersions as well as in dry films, represents a promising and modular approach to tune various physical and chemical properties of graphene, eventually conferring to such a 2D system a multifunctional nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciesielski
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Nanochemistry Laboratory, ISIS & icFRC, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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39
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Haar S, Bruna M, Lian JX, Tomarchio F, Olivier Y, Mazzaro R, Morandi V, Moran J, Ferrari AC, Beljonne D, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Graphite into Single- and Few-Layer Graphene with α-Functionalized Alkanes. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2714-21. [PMID: 27349897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has unique physical and chemical properties, making it appealing for a number of applications in optoelectronics, sensing, photonics, composites, and smart coatings, just to cite a few. These require the development of production processes that are inexpensive and up-scalable. These criteria are met in liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE), a technique that can be enhanced when specific organic molecules are used. Here we report the exfoliation of graphite in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, in the presence of heneicosane linear alkanes terminated with different head groups. These molecules act as stabilizing agents during exfoliation. The efficiency of the exfoliation in terms of the concentration of exfoliated single- and few-layer graphene flakes depends on the functional head group determining the strength of the molecular dimerization through dipole-dipole interactions. A thermodynamic analysis is carried out to interpret the impact of the termination group of the alkyl chain on the exfoliation yield. This combines molecular dynamics and molecular mechanics to rationalize the role of functionalized alkanes in the dispersion and stabilization process, which is ultimately attributed to a synergistic effect of the interactions between the molecules, graphene, and the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Haar
- Institut de Science et d'Ingeńierie Supramolećulaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Matteo Bruna
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge , 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Xiang Lian
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Research in Molecular Electronics and Photonics, University of Mons , Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Flavia Tomarchio
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge , 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Research in Molecular Electronics and Photonics, University of Mons , Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Raffaello Mazzaro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi (IMM) Sede di Bologna , Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Morandi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi (IMM) Sede di Bologna , Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Joseph Moran
- Institut de Science et d'Ingeńierie Supramolećulaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge , 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center for Research in Molecular Electronics and Photonics, University of Mons , Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Institut de Science et d'Ingeńierie Supramolećulaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Institut de Science et d'Ingeńierie Supramolećulaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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40
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Light-enhanced liquid-phase exfoliation and current photoswitching in graphene-azobenzene composites. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11090. [PMID: 27052205 PMCID: PMC4829665 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional materials can be engineered by combining multiple chemical components, each conferring a well-defined function to the ensemble. Graphene is at the centre of an ever-growing research effort due to its combination of unique properties. Here we show that the large conformational change associated with the trans-cis photochemical isomerization of alkyl-substituted azobenzenes can be used to improve the efficiency of liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite, with the photochromic molecules acting as dispersion-stabilizing agents. We also demonstrate reversible photo-modulated current in two-terminal devices based on graphene-azobenzene composites. We assign this tuneable electrical characteristics to the intercalation of the azobenzene between adjacent graphene layers and the resulting increase in the interlayer distance on (photo)switching from the linear trans-form to the bulky cis-form of the photochromes. These findings pave the way to the development of new optically controlled memories for light-assisted programming and high-sensitive photosensors.
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41
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Shen J, Xin X, Liu T, Tong L, Xu G, Yuan S. Manipulation the properties of supramolecular hydrogels of α-cyclodextrin/Tyloxapol/carbon-based nanomaterials. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 468:78-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Georgakilas V, Tiwari JN, Kemp KC, Perman JA, Bourlinos AB, Kim KS, Zboril R. Noncovalent Functionalization of Graphene and Graphene Oxide for Energy Materials, Biosensing, Catalytic, and Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5464-519. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1608] [Impact Index Per Article: 201.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jitendra N. Tiwari
- Center
for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - K. Christian Kemp
- Center
for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Jason A. Perman
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 Listopadu
1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Athanasios B. Bourlinos
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 Listopadu
1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kwang S. Kim
- Center
for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17 Listopadu
1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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43
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Liu G, Komatsu N. Efficient and Scalable Production of 2D Material Dispersions using Hexahydroxytriphenylene as a Versatile Exfoliant and Dispersant. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1557-67. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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44
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Munuera JM, Paredes JI, Villar-Rodil S, Ayán-Varela M, Martínez-Alonso A, Tascón JMD. Electrolytic exfoliation of graphite in water with multifunctional electrolytes: en route towards high quality, oxide-free graphene flakes. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:2982-98. [PMID: 26782137 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06882g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic--usually referred to as electrochemical--exfoliation of graphite in water under anodic potential holds enormous promise as a simple, green and high-yield method for the mass production of graphene, but currently suffers from several drawbacks that hinder its widespread adoption, one of the most critical being the oxidation and subsequent structural degradation of the carbon lattice that is usually associated with such a production process. To overcome this and other limitations, we introduce and implement the concept of multifunctional electrolytes. The latter are amphiphilic anions (mostly polyaromatic hydrocarbons appended with sulfonate groups) that play different relevant roles as (1) an intercalating electrolyte to trigger exfoliation of graphite into graphene flakes, (2) a dispersant to afford stable aqueous colloidal suspensions of the flakes suitable for further use, (3) a sacrificial agent to prevent graphene oxidation during exfoliation and (4) a linker to promote nanoparticle anchoring on the graphene flakes, yielding functional hybrids. The implementation of this strategy with some selected amphiphiles even furnishes anodically exfoliated graphenes of a quality similar to that of flakes produced by direct, ultrasound- or shear-induced exfoliation of graphite in the liquid phase (i.e., almost oxide- and defect-free). These high quality materials were used for the preparation of catalytically efficient graphene-Pt nanoparticle hybrids, as demonstrated by model reactions (reduction of nitroarenes). The multifunctional performance of these electrolytes is also discussed and rationalized, and a mechanistic picture of their oxidation-preventing ability is proposed. Overall, the present results open the prospect of anodic exfoliation as a competitive method for the production of very high quality graphene flakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Munuera
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, Apartado 73, 33080 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - J I Paredes
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, Apartado 73, 33080 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - S Villar-Rodil
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, Apartado 73, 33080 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - M Ayán-Varela
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, Apartado 73, 33080 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - A Martínez-Alonso
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, Apartado 73, 33080 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - J M D Tascón
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, Apartado 73, 33080 Oviedo, Spain.
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45
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Lavin-Lopez MP, Valverde JL, Sanchez-Silva L, Romero A. Solvent-Based Exfoliation via Sonication of Graphitic Materials for Graphene Manufacture. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Lavin-Lopez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo Jose Cela 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J. L. Valverde
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo Jose Cela 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - L. Sanchez-Silva
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo Jose Cela 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A. Romero
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo Jose Cela 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Niu L, Coleman JN, Zhang H, Shin H, Chhowalla M, Zheng Z. Production of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials via Liquid-Based Direct Exfoliation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:272-93. [PMID: 26663877 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous efforts have been devoted to the synthesis and application of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials due to their extraordinary and unique properties in electronics, photonics, catalysis, etc., upon exfoliation from their bulk counterparts. One of the greatest challenges that scientists are confronted with is how to produce large quantities of 2D nanomaterials of high quality in a commercially viable way. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of the production of 2D nanomaterials using liquid-based direct exfoliation (LBE), a very promising and highly scalable wet approach for synthesizing high quality 2D nanomaterials in mild conditions. LBE is a collection of methods that directly exfoliates bulk layered materials into thin flakes of 2D nanomaterials in liquid media without any, or with a minimum degree of, chemical reactions, so as to maintain the high crystallinity of 2D nanomaterials. Different synthetic methods are categorized in the following, in which material characteristics including dispersion concentration, flake thickness, flake size and some applications are discussed in detail. At the end, we provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of such synthetic methods of LBE and propose future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Niu
- Nanotechnology Center, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Advanced Research Center for Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics, CRANN and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hua Zhang
- Center for Programmable Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hyeonsuk Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Manish Chhowalla
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Nanotechnology Center, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Advanced Research Center for Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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47
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Enhancing the Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Graphene in Organic Solvents upon Addition of n-Octylbenzene. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16684. [PMID: 26573383 PMCID: PMC4648096 DOI: 10.1038/srep16684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to a unique combination of electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical stiffness, strength and elasticity, graphene became a rising star on the horizon of materials science. This two-dimensional material has found applications in many areas of science ranging from electronics to composites. Making use of different approaches, unfunctionalized and non-oxidized graphene sheets can be produced; among them an inexpensive and scalable method based on liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite (LPE) holds potential for applications in opto-electronics and nanocomposites. Here we have used n-octylbenzene molecules as graphene dispersion-stabilizing agents during the graphite LPE process. We have demonstrated that by tuning the ratio between organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone or ortho-dichlorobenzene, and n-octylbenzene molecules, the concentration of exfoliated graphene can be enhanced by 230% as a result of the high affinity of the latter molecules for the basal plane of graphene. The LPE processed graphene dispersions were further deposited onto solid substrates by exploiting a new deposition technique called spin-controlled drop casting, which was shown to produce uniform highly conductive and transparent graphene films.
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48
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Narayan R, Kim SO. Surfactant mediated liquid phase exfoliation of graphene. NANO CONVERGENCE 2015; 2:20. [PMID: 28191406 PMCID: PMC5270964 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-015-0050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Commercialization of graphene based applications inevitably requires cost effective mass production. From the early days of research on graphene, direct liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphite has been considered as the most promising strategy to produce high-quality mono or few-layer graphene sheets in solvent dispersion forms. Substantial success has been achieved thus far in the LPE of graphene employing numerous solvent systems and suitable surfactants. This invited review article principally showcase the recent research progress as well as shortcomings of surfactant assisted LPE of graphene. In particular, a comprehensive assessment of the quality and yield of the graphene sheets produced by different categories of the surfactants are summarized. Future direction of LPE methods is also proposed for the eventual success of commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Narayan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701 Republic of Korea
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50
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Brent JR, Lewis DJ, Lorenz T, Lewis EA, Savjani N, Haigh SJ, Seifert G, Derby B, O'Brien P. Tin(II) Sulfide (SnS) Nanosheets by Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Herzenbergite: IV-VI Main Group Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12689-96. [PMID: 26352047 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The liquid-phase exfoliation of tin(II) sulfide to produce SnS nanosheets in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is reported. The material is characterized by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, lattice-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope imaging, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum imaging. Quantum chemical calculations on the optoelectronic characteristics of bulk and 10-layer down to monolayer SnS have been performed using a quantum chemical density functional tight-binding approach. The optical properties of the SnS and centrifugally fractionated SnS nanosheet dispersions were compared to that predicted by theory. Through centrifugation, bilayer SnS nanosheets can be produced size-selectively. The scalable solution processing of semiconductor SnS nanosheets is the key to their commercial exploitation and is potentially an important step toward the realization of a future electronics industry based on two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tommy Lorenz
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden , 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Gotthard Seifert
- Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden , 01069 Dresden, Germany
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