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Meng T, Xiao X, Deng K, Zeng Q. Study on 2D Molecular Networks of Flexible Pentacarboxylic Acid Ligands Induced by Ether Bonds in Response to Selective Guest Inclusion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10737-10744. [PMID: 38718162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The flexibility of ligands allows for their bending, twisting, or rotation to adopt various conformations, leading to distinct symmetries during the self-assembled process. Flexible aromatic acid ligands modified by ether bonds are a promising type of self-assembled module when it comes to surfaces. Here, two pentacarboxylic acid ligands (H5L1 and H5L2) with minor skeleton differences have successfully self-assembled into disparate porous networks on the graphite surface and demonstrated excellent potential for the inclusion of guest molecules. The H5L1 molecule's network structure only accommodates coronene (COR) molecules. With fewer COR molecules, H5L1 molecules act as a host template to accommodate the COR molecules. When there are too many COR molecules, COR molecules will induce H5L1 molecules to transform into a new host-guest nanostructure. Additionally, H5L2 molecules showed the ability to capture C70 molecules and exhibited cavity selectivity. However, the assembled network of H5L2 was slightly deformed in attempts to trap the COR molecules. To understand these phenomena more deeply, various assembled mechanisms were analyzed in combination with building theoretical models and energy analysis. These results reveal the great potential of flexible aromatic acid ligands in two-dimensional self-assembly and host-guest systems for their application in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Xunwen Xiao
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Maeda M, Oda K, Hisaki I, Tahara K. Influence of core size on self-assembled molecular networks composed of C3h-symmetric building blocks through hydrogen bonding interactions: structural features and chirality. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29512-29521. [PMID: 37822655 PMCID: PMC10562897 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05762c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the core size on the structure and chirality of self-assembled molecular networks was investigated using two aromatic carboxylic acid derivatives with frameworks displaying C3h symmetry, triphenylene derivative H3TTCA and dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (DBA) derivative DBACOOH, each having three carboxy groups per molecule. Scanning tunneling microscopy observations at the 1-heptanoic acid/graphite interface revealed H3TTCA exclusively forming a chiral honeycomb structure, and DBACOOH forming three structures (type I, II, and III structures) depending on its concentration and whether the system is subjected to annealing treatment. Hydrogen bonding interaction patterns and chirality were carefully analyzed based on a modeling study using molecular mechanics simulations. Moreover, DBACOOH forms chiral honeycomb structures through the co-adsorption of guest molecules. Structural diversity observed for DBACOOH is attributed to its relatively large core size, with this feature modulating the balance between molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsuhiro Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Kotoka Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kazukuni Tahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
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Liu S, Norikane Y, Kikkawa Y. Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:872-892. [PMID: 37674543 PMCID: PMC10477993 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics has attracted increasing attention owing to its potential applications in nanomachines, nanoelectronics, catalysis, and nanopatterning, which can contribute to overcoming global problems related to energy and environment, among others. However, the fabrication of ordered nanoarchitectures remains a challenge, even in two dimensions. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the self-assembly processes and substantial factors for building ordered structures is critical for tailoring flexible and desirable nanoarchitectures. Scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful tool for revealing the molecular conformations, arrangements, and orientations of two-dimensional (2D) networks on surfaces. The fabrication of 2D assemblies involves non-covalent interactions that play a significant role in the molecular arrangement and orientation. Among the non-covalent interactions, dispersion interactions that derive from alkyl chain units are believed to be weak. However, alkyl chains play an important role in the adsorption onto substrates, as well as in the in-plane intermolecular interactions. In this review, we focus on the role of alkyl chains in the formation of ordered 2D assemblies at the solid/liquid interface. The alkyl chain effects on the 2D assemblies are introduced together with examples documented in the past decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Liu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Zhang S, Li J, Gan L, Ma L, Ma W, Zhang M, Cheng F, Deng K, Zeng Q. The self-assembly of a pair of low-symmetry tetracarboxylic acid molecules and their co-assembly with bridging molecules at the liquid-solid interface. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4353-4360. [PMID: 36752732 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06740d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular self-assembly behavior of a pair of low-symmetry tetracarboxylic acid molecules (H4OBDB and H4ADDI) and their co-assembly behavior with TMA as a bridging molecule were studied at the liquid-solid interface. Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) observations revealed that H4OBDB and H4ADDI molecules both tend to form O-shaped dimers but end up forming different types of self-assembly structures. We also investigated the construction of two-component co-assembly structures by mixing H4OBDB or H4ADDI molecules with bridging molecules such as TMA. The two formed co-assembly structures are similar. Based on the analysis of the STM results and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the formation mechanism of the assembled structures was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jianqiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Linlin Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Faliang Cheng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ren B, Lu Y, Wang R, Liu H. First-principles study of chalcogen-bonded self-assembly structures on silicene: some insight into the fabrication of molecular architectures on surfaces through chalcogen bonding. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Meng T, Lei P, Zhang Y, Deng K, Xiao X, Zeng Q. Coronene and bipyridine derivatives inducing diversified structural transitions of carboxylic acids at the liquid/solid interface. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University of Technology Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Peng Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xunwen Xiao
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Ningbo University of Technology Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) Beijing 100190 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Wang Y, Gao H, Ke M, Zeng X, Miao X, Cheng X, Deng W. Chain-Length- and Concentration-Dependent Isomerization of Bithiophenyl-Based Diaminotriazine Derivatives in Two-Dimensional Polymorphic Self-Assembly §. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7005-7012. [PMID: 35609242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bithiophenyl-based diaminotriazine derivatives (2TDT-n, n = 10, 12, 16, and 18) with different chain lengths display colhex/p6mm mesophases. Their supramolecular self-assembled mechanism is investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the 1-octanoic acid/graphite interface at various concentrations. The chain length effect on the two-dimensional adlayers is observed in this system, and 2TDT-n molecules show a structural phase transition from the four-leaf arrangement to the two-row linear nanostructure accompanied by the emergence of molecular isomerization with the increase of the side-chain length. The self-assembled structure of 2TDT-10 is composed of a four-leaf pattern with uniform s-cis conformers. In 2TDT-12, three kinds of nanostructures (bamboo-like, two-row linear pattern-I, and flower-like) are observed. These nanostructures are randomly constituted by cis and trans conformers, and the ratios of the s-cis conformer in three kinds of patterns are 55.7, 42.3, and 62.5%, respectively. Furthermore, when n = 16 and 18, the ratio of the s-cis conformer further decreases to 19.0 and 4.3%, respectively. Those molecules mainly form linear nanostructures consisting of s-trans conformers. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the side-chain length has a great effect on the self-assembled patterns and the molecular conformation of bithiophenyl-based diaminotriazine derivatives. Density functional theory calculations are applied to optimize molecular conformers and assess their single-point energies, showing that the s-cis conformation has higher energy than the s-trans conformer. We speculate that the ratio of two conformers in nanostructures might be similar to that of the liquid crystalline phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixue Ke
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Chemistry School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Miao X, Deng W, Brisse R, Jousselme B, Silly F. Coronene and Phthalocyanine Trapping Efficiency of a Two-Dimensional Kagomé Host-Nanoarchitecture. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050775. [PMID: 35269261 PMCID: PMC8911898 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The trapping of coronene and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) molecules at low concentration by a two-dimensional self-assembled nanoarchitecture of a push–pull dye is investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the liquid–solid interface. The push–pull molecules adopt an L-shaped conformation and self-assemble on a graphite surface into a hydrogen-bonded Kagomé network with porous hexagonal cavities. This porous host-structure is used to trap coronene and ZnPc guest molecules. STM images reveal that only 11% of the Kagomé network cavities are filled with coronene molecules. In addition, these guest molecules are not locked in the host-network and are desorbing from the surface. In contrast, STM results reveal that the occupancy of the Kagomé cavities by ZnPc evolves linearly with time until 95% are occupied and that the host structure cavities are all occupied after few hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (W.D.)
| | - Xinrui Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (W.D.)
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Wenli Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (W.D.)
| | - Romain Brisse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; (R.B.); (B.J.)
| | - Bruno Jousselme
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; (R.B.); (B.J.)
| | - Fabien Silly
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, SPEC, TITANS, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
- Correspondence: (X.M.); (F.S.)
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Zhang S, Chen C, Li J, Ma C, Li X, Ma W, Zhang M, Cheng F, Deng K, Zeng Q. The self-assembly and pyridine regulation of a hydrogen-bonded dimeric building block formed by a low-symmetric aromatic carboxylic acid. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2419-2426. [PMID: 35098290 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07840b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular self-assembly behavior of a low-symmetric aromatic carboxylic acid molecule (H5BHB) and its co-assembly behavior with a series of pyridine molecules (BPD, BPDYB and TPDYB) were studied at the heptanoic acid/HOPG liquid-solid interface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations revealed that H5BHB molecules tend to form dimeric building blocks which then assemble into a close-packed structure. BPD, BPDYB and TPDYB pyridine molecules were all able to form a stable two-component co-assembled structure with the H5BHB molecule, and in these co-assembled structures, the H5BHB molecule still takes the form of a dimer. It was found that the pyridine molecules were able to regulate the self-assembly structure of the H5BHB molecule, and the molecular arrangement of the co-assembly structures varies with the shape of the pyridine molecules. Based on the analysis of the STM results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the formation mechanism of the assembled structures was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
- CAS key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- CAS key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jianqiao Li
- CAS key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chunyu Ma
- CAS key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xiaokang Li
- CAS key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Faliang Cheng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhang S, Cheng L, Chen C, Li J, Li X, Zhang M, Cheng F, Xiao X, Deng K, Zeng Q. Controlled Construction of an Exquisite Three-Component Co-assembly Supramolecular Structure at the Liquid-Solid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2153-2160. [PMID: 33527825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A three-component supramolecular co-assembly structure formed at the liquid-solid interface by employing a shape-persistent π-conjugated macrocycle (16mer) and two guest molecules (COR and C60) is demonstrated. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations revealed that 16mer can serve as a versatile host molecule that can co-assemble with both COR and C60 guest molecules to form stable two-component structures, where the COR guest molecule filled in the gap between the side chains of adjacent 16mer molecules, and the C60 guest molecule entered the inner cavity of 16mer. It was found that the adding sequence of COR and C60 guest molecules is crucial to the resulting co-adsorption structure in the three-component system. To obtain the intriguing 16mer-COR-C60 three-component co-assembly structure, the 16mer and COR two-component co-assembly structure should first be constructed on a HOPG surface, followed by addition of C60. Based on the analysis of the STM results and the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the formation mechanism of the assembled structures was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Linxiu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Faliang Cheng
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Xunwen Xiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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A Matter of Size and Placement: Varying the Patch Size of Anisotropic Patchy Colloids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228621. [PMID: 33207624 PMCID: PMC7696828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-spherical colloids provided with well-defined bonding sites—often referred to as patches—are increasingly attracting the attention of materials scientists due to their ability to spontaneously assemble into tunable surface structures. The emergence of two-dimensional patterns with well-defined architectures is often controlled by the properties of the self-assembling building blocks, which can be either colloidal particles at the nano- and micro-scale or even molecules and macromolecules. In particular, the interplay between the particle shape and the patch topology gives rise to a plethora of tilings, from close-packed to porous monolayers with pores of tunable shapes and sizes. The control over the resulting surface structures is provided by the directionality of the bonding mechanism, which mostly relies on the selective nature of the patches. In the present contribution, we investigate the effect of the patch size on the assembly of a class of anisotropic patchy colloids—namely, rhombic platelets with four identical patches placed in different arrangements along the particle edges. Larger patches are expected to enhance the bond flexibility, while simultaneously reducing the bond selectivity as the single bond per patch condition—which would guarantee a straightforward mapping between local bonding arrangements and long-range pattern formation—is not always enforced. We find that the non-trivial interplay between the patch size and the patch position can either promote a parallel particle arrangement with respect to a non-parallel bonding scenario or give rise to a variety a bonded patterns, which destroy the order of the tilings. We rationalize the occurrence of these two different regimes in terms of single versus multiple bonds between pairs of particles and/or patches.
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Baran Ł, Rżysko W, Słyk E. Simulations of the 2D self-assembly of tripod-shaped building blocks. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:884-890. [PMID: 32566438 PMCID: PMC7296195 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a molecular dynamics (MD) coarse-grained model for the description of tripod building blocks. This model has been used by us already for linear, V-shape, and tetratopic molecules. We wanted to further extend its possibilities to trifunctional molecules to prove its versatility. For the chosen systems we have also compared the MD results with Monte Carlo results on a triangular lattice. We have shown that the constraints present in the latter method can enforce the formation of completely different structures, not reproducible with off-lattice simulations. In addition to that, we have characterized the obtained structures regarding various parameters such as theoretical diffraction pattern and average association number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Baran
- Department for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rżysko
- Department for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Słyk
- Department for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Poland
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Nieckarz D, Szabelski P. Theoretical Modeling of the Surface-Guided Self-Assembly of Functional Molecules. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:643-650. [PMID: 31894625 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201901105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Directing the self-assembly of organic building blocks with 2D templates has been a promising method to create molecular superstructures having unique physicochemical properties. In this work the on-surface self-assembly of simple ditopic functional molecules confined inside periodic nanotemplates was modeled by means of the lattice Monte Carlo simulation method. Two types of confinement, that is honeycomb porous networks and parallel grooves of controlled diameter and width were used in the calculations. Additionally, the effect of (pro)chirality of the adsorbing molecules on the outcome of the templated self-assembly was examined. To that end, enantiopure and racemic assemblies were studied and the resulting structures were identified and classified. The obtained findings demonstrated that suitable tuning of the structural parameters of the templates enables directing the self-assembly towards linear and cyclic aggregates with controlled size. Moreover, chiral resolution of the molecular conformers using honeycomb networks with adjusted pore size was found possible. Our theoretical predictions can be helpful in designing structured surfaces to direct self-assembly and polymerization of organic functional building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Nieckarz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, MariaCurie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Szabelski
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, MariaCurie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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14
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Silly F. Elucidating the intramolecular contrast in the STM images of 2,4,6-tris(4',4'',4'''-trimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine molecules recorded at room-temperature and at the liquid-solid interface. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5742-5746. [PMID: 35497445 PMCID: PMC9049222 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Star-shaped 2,4,6-tris(4',4'',4'''-trimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine molecules self-assemble at the solid-liquid interface into a compact hexagonal nanoarchitecture on graphite. High resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of the molecules reveal intramolecular features. Comparison of the experimental data with calculated molecular charge density contours shows that the molecular features in the STM images correspond to molecular LUMO+2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Silly
- TITANS, SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif sur Yvette France +33169088446 +33169088019
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15
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The self-assemblies of a newly designed star-shaped molecule end-capped with bromine atoms studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Carloni LE, Bezzu CG, Bonifazi D. Patterning Porous Networks through Self-Assembly of Programmed Biomacromolecules. Chemistry 2019; 25:16179-16200. [PMID: 31491049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) porous networks are of great interest for the fabrication of complex organized functional materials for potential applications in nanotechnologies and nanoelectronics. This review aims at providing an overview of bottom-up approaches towards the engineering of 2D porous networks by using biomacromolecules, with a particular focus on nucleic acids and proteins. The first part illustrates how the advancements in DNA nanotechnology allowed for the attainment of complex ordered porous two-dimensional DNA nanostructures, thanks to a biomimetic approach based on DNA molecules self-assembly through specific hydrogen-bond base pairing. The second part focuses the attention on how polypeptides and proteins structural properties could be used to engineer organized networks templating the formation of multifunctional materials. The structural organization of all examples is discussed as revealed by scanning probe microscopy or transmission electron microscopy imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Elie Carloni
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Research College (NARC), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - C Grazia Bezzu
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Cardiff University, School of Chemistry, Park Place, Main Building, CF10 3AT, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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17
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Karner C, Dellago C, Bianchi E. Design of Patchy Rhombi: From Close-Packed Tilings to Open Lattices. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7806-7815. [PMID: 31580675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the realm of functional materials, the production of two-dimensional structures with tunable porosity is of paramount relevance for many practical applications: surfaces with regular arrays of pores can be used for selective adsorption or immobilization of guest units that are complementary in shape and/or size to the pores, thus achieving, for instance, selective filtering or well-defined responses to external stimuli. The principles that govern the formation of such structures are valid at both the molecular and the colloidal scale. Here we provide simple design directions to combine the anisotropic shape of the building units-either molecules or colloids-and selective directional bonding. Using extensive computer simulations, we show that regular rhombic platelets decorated with attractive and repulsive interaction sites form specific tilings, going smoothly from close-packed arrangements to open lattices. The rationale behind the rich tiling scenario observed can be described in terms of steric incompatibilities, unsatisfied bonding geometries, and interplays between local and long-range order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Karner
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Christoph Dellago
- Faculty of Physics , University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Emanuela Bianchi
- Institut für Theoretische Physik , TU Wien , Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10 , A-1040 Wien , Austria
- CNR-ISC, Uos Sapienza , Piazzale A. Moro 2 , 00185 Roma , Italy
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18
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19
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Huan J, Zhang X, Zeng Q. Two-dimensional supramolecular crystal engineering: chirality manipulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11537-11553. [PMID: 31115407 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02207d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two dimensional (2D) supramolecular crystal engineering, one of the most important strategies towards nanotechnology, is both a science and an industry. In the present review, the recent advances in 2D supramolecular crystal engineering through chirality manipulation on solid surfaces are summarized, with the aid of the scanning tunneling microscopy technique. On-surface chirality manipulation includes surface confined structural chirality formation, chirality transformation, chirality separation as well as chirality elimination, by using component exchange and different external stimuli. Under this principle, host-guest supramolecular interactions, solvent induction, temperature regulation and STM-tip driven orientation control and reorientation effects under equilibrium or out-of-equilibrium conditions, towards the generation of the best-adapted chiral or achiral 2D nanostructures, are mainly described and highlighted. Future challenges and opportunities in this exciting area are also then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Huan
- Business School of Hohai University, #8 West Focheng Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, P. R. China
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20
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Zhang SQ, Cheng LX, Gong ZL, Duan WB, Tu B, Zhong YW, Zeng QD. Temperature-Triggered Self-Assembled Structural Transformation: From Pure Hydrogen-Bonding Quadrilateral Nanonetwork to Trihexagonal Structures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6571-6577. [PMID: 31002519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adequate control over the structures of molecular building blocks plays an important role in the fabrication of desired supramolecular nanostructures at interfaces. In this study, the formation of a pure hydrogen-bonding co-assembly supramolecular nanonetwork on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface was demonstrated by means of a scanning tunneling microscope. The thermal annealing process was conducted to monitor the temperature-triggered structural transformation of the self-assembled nanonetwork. On the basis of the single-molecule-level resolution scanning tunneling microscopy images, together with the density functional theory calculations, the formation mechanisms of the formed nanoarrays were proposed. The results have great significance with regard to controlled construction of complex nanostructures on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Lin-Xiu Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Wu-Biao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Beijing Jiaotong University , Beijing 100044 , P. R. China
| | - Bin Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectonics Engineering , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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21
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Supramolecular and heterometallic architectures based on [Fe(CN)6]3− metallotectons and diverse organic cations: Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, spectroscopic and thermal properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Zhu X, Geng Y, Zhu X, Duan P, Li F, Zeng Q, Qi J. Dependence of the photo-response behavior of self-assembled 2D Azo-derivatives on the functional groups on a solid surface. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, by means of scanning tunneling microscopy, we found that 2D self-assembled monolayers of four azobenzene derivatives exhibited different isomerization behaviors when taken from dark to irradiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
| | - Yanfang Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Urumqi 830011
| | - Pengfei Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Junjie Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
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23
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Zu X, Li J, Qian Y, Duan W, Zeng Q. Progress in self-assembly of TTF derivatives at HOPG interface. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05341c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled structures of TTF derivatives can be observed according to different substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Yuxin Qian
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Wubiao Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- China
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24
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Nieckarz D, Rżysko W, Szabelski P. On-surface self-assembly of tetratopic molecular building blocks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23363-23377. [PMID: 30177976 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of functional molecules on solid substrates has recently attracted special attention as a versatile method for the fabrication of low dimensional nanostructures with tailorable properties. In this contribution, using theoretical modeling, we demonstrate how the architecture of 2D molecular assemblies can be predicted based on the individual properties of elementary building blocks at play. To that end a model star-shaped tetratopic molecule is used and its self-assembly on a (111) surface is simulated using the lattice Monte Carlo method. Several test cases are studied in which the molecule bears terminal arm centers providing interactions with differently encoded directionality. Our theoretical results show that manipulation of the interaction directions can be an effective way to direct the self-assembly towards extended periodic superstructures (2D crystals) as well as to create assemblies characterized by a lower degree of order, including glassy overlayers and quasi one-dimensional molecular connections. The obtained structures are described and classified with respect to their main geometric parameters. A small library of the tetratopic molecules and the corresponding superstructures is provided to categorize the structure-property relationship in the modeled systems. The results of our simulations can be helpful to 2D crystal engineering and surface-confined polymerization techniques as they give hints on how to functionalize tetrapod organic building blocks which would be able to create superstructures with predefined spatial organization and range of order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Nieckarz
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Maria-Curie Skłodowska University, Pl. M.C. Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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25
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Garah ME, Cook TR, Sepehrpour H, Ciesielski A, Stang PJ, Samorì P. Concentration-dependent supramolecular patterns of C 3 and C 2 symmetric molecules at the solid/liquid interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 168:211-216. [PMID: 29198983 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on a scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) investigation on the self-assembly of C3- and C2-symmetric molecules at the solution/graphite interface. 1,3,5-tris((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)benzene and 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)ethane are used as model systems. These molecules displayed a concentration dependent self-assembly behaviour on graphite, resulting in highly ordered supramolecular structures, which are stabilized jointly by van der Waals substrate-adsorbate interactions and in-plane intermolecular H-bonding. Denser packing is obtained when applying a relatively high concentration solution to the basal plane of the surface whereas a less dense porous network is observed upon lowering the concentration. We show that the molecular conformation does not influence the stability of the self-assembly and a twisted molecule can pack into dense and porous architectures under the concentration effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Garah
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothy R Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United State
| | - Hajar Sepehrpour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United State
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, United State.
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France.
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26
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Naydenov B, Torsney S, Bonilla AS, El Garah M, Ciesielski A, Gualandi A, Mengozzi L, Cozzi PG, Gutierrez R, Samorì P, Cuniberti G, Boland JJ. Self-Assembled Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Networks Characterized by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy in Air and under Vacuum. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:7698-7707. [PMID: 29889539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We combine ambient (air) and ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) investigations together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to gain a subnanometer insight into the structure and dynamic of two-dimensional (2D) surface-supported molecular networks. The planar tetraferrocene-porphyrin molecules employed in this study undergo spontaneous self-assembly via the formation of hydrogen bonded networks at the gold substrate-solution interface. To mimic liquid phase ambient deposition conditions, film formation was accomplished in UHV by electro-spraying a solution of the molecule in chloroform onto an Au(111) substrate, thereby providing access to the full spectroscopic capabilities of STM that can be hardly attained under ambient conditions. We show that molecular assembly on Au (111) is identical in films prepared under the two different conditions, and in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. However, we observe the contrast found for a given STM bias condition to be different in ambient and UHV conditions despite the similarity of the structures, and we propose possible origins of the different imaging contrast. This approach could be valuable for the thorough characterization of surface systems that involve large molecules and are prepared mainly in ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borislav Naydenov
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Samuel Torsney
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Alejandro Santana Bonilla
- Institute for Materials Sciences and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Mohamed El Garah
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS , 8 alleé Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS , 8 alleé Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Luca Mengozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna , Via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute for Materials Sciences and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS , 8 alleé Gaspard Monge , 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Sciences and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCCMS) , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - John J Boland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & School of Chemistry , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
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27
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Zhang C, Zhang M, Shi H, Zeng Q, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Ma P, Wang J, Niu J. A high-nuclearity isopolyoxotungstate based manganese cluster: one-pot synthesis and step-by-step assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5458-5461. [PMID: 29750224 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01622d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A manganese(iii,iv)-tungsten(vi) supercluster based on 72 manganese ions (48 MnIV and 24 MnIII) and 48 tungsten(vi) centers [{MnIV24MnIII12O28(H2O)23}2(W24O120)2]40- has been prepared from the carboxylic Mn12 cluster. Its structure comprises two unprecedented cage-like Mn36W24 cores linked via two Mn-O-W bonds, leading to a Mn72W48 assembly. The inorganic synthetic mechanism was investigated through different synthesis methods and comprehensive ESI-MS tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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28
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Frath D, Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Photoresponsive supramolecular self-assemblies at the liquid/solid interface. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Zhou X, Dai J, Wu K. Steering on-surface reactions with self-assembly strategy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:31531-31539. [PMID: 29171852 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The control of assembly structures that subsequently help achieve viable functionalities has been one of the key motivations for the exploration of surface molecular assembly. In terms of its functionality and applicability, the assembly is explored as a strategy to steer on-surface reactions primarily by two methods: assembly-assisted and assembly-involved reactions. The functions of the self-assembly strategy are threefold: tweaking reaction selectivities, steering reaction pathways, and directing reaction sites. The governing principle herein is that the assembly strategy can apply a surface confinement effect that affects the energy barrier and pre-exponential factor of the Arrhenius equation for the dynamics of the target reaction. Development of such a strategy may reveal new routes to steer on-surface reactions and even single molecule properties in surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Zhou
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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30
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Teyssandier J, Feyter SD, Mali KS. Host-guest chemistry in two-dimensional supramolecular networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:11465-11487. [PMID: 27709179 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous supramolecular networks physisorbed on solid surfaces have been extensively used to immobilize a variety of guest molecules. Host-guest chemistry in such two-dimensional (2D) porous networks is a rapidly expanding field due to potential applications in separation technology, catalysis and nanoscale patterning. Diverse structural topologies with high crystallinity have been obtained to capture molecular guests of different sizes and shapes. A range of non-covalent forces such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, coordinate bonds have been employed to assemble the host networks. Recent years have witnessed a surge in the activity in this field with the implementation of rational design strategies for realizing controlled and selective guest capture. In this feature article, we review the development in the field of surface-supported host-guest chemistry as studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Typical host-guest architectures studied on solid surfaces, both under ambient conditions at the solution-solid interface as well as those formed at the ultrahigh vacuum (UHV)-solid interface, are described. We focus on isoreticular host networks, hosts functionalized pores and dynamic host-guest systems that respond to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Teyssandier
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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Wang Z, Jingjing Q, Wang X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Huang X, Huang W. Two-dimensional light-emitting materials: preparation, properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6128-6174. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the recent development in two-dimensional (2D) light-emitting materials and describe their preparation methods, optical/optoelectronic properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Qiu Jingjing
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)
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32
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Aitchison H, Lu H, Ortiz de la Morena R, Cebula I, Zharnikov M, Buck M. Self-assembly of 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid on Ag and Cu at the liquid/solid interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2731-2740. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Big difference: molecules of benzenetribenzoic acid are disordered on Cu but highly organised on Ag, forming a monopodal row structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Aitchison
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews KY16 9ST
- UK
| | - Hao Lu
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | | | - Izabela Cebula
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
- University of Strathclyde
- James Weir Building
- Glasgow G1 1XJ
- UK
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie
- Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews KY16 9ST
- UK
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Nishitani N, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Influence of Multidirectional Interactions on Domain Size and Shape of 2-D Molecular Assemblies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9151-9159. [PMID: 28783345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of molecule-molecule interactions on the size and shape of two-dimensional (2-D) ordering domains was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the liquid/solid interface. Synthesized alkoxybenzene derivatives bearing amide group tend to form very large domains of 2-D orderings (>0.25 μm2), whereas the domain size of corresponding urea derivatives was significantly small in the same condition. The quantitative analysis of the concentration dependence of surface coverage using a nucleation-elongation model suggests that the replacement of amide functionality by urea increased the equilibrium constant of the nucleation process of 2-D self-assembly, which is a key factor for the domain size at the liquid/solid interface. Interestingly, the STM observation revealed that a slight difference of molecular structure influences the shape of 2-D ordering domains, and needle-shaped domains with large aspect ratio around 10 were observed by tuning molecule-molecule intramolecular interactions in 2-D self-assembly formed at a liquid/graphite interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Nishitani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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34
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Dai HL, Geng YF, Zeng QD, Wang C. Photo-regulation of 2D supramolecular self-assembly: On-surface photochemistry studied by STM. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Geng YF, Li P, Li JZ, Zhang XM, Zeng QD, Wang C. STM probing the supramolecular coordination chemistry on solid surface: Structure, dynamic, and reactivity. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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36
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Pfeiffer CR, Pearce N, Champness NR. Complexity of two-dimensional self-assembled arrays at surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11528-11539. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06110b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The developing field of complexity in self-assembled systems on surfaces is discussed.
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37
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Zhang S, Geng Y, Fan Y, Duan W, Deng K, Zhao D, Zeng Q. Two-dimensional (2D) self-assembly of oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) molecules and their triangular platinum(ii) diimine complexes studied using STM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31284-31289. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06154d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a series of cyclic oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) (OPE) molecules and their triangular Pt(ii) diimine complexes were studied using scanning tunneling microscope (STM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanpeng Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Wubiao Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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38
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Ariga K, Mori T, Nakanishi W, Hill JP. Solid surface vs. liquid surface: nanoarchitectonics, molecular machines, and DNA origami. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:23658-23676. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02280h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Comparisons of science and technology between these solid and liquid surfaces would be a good navigation for current-to-future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Science
| | - Taizo Mori
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Waka Nakanishi
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Centre for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
- Tsukuba 305-0044
- Japan
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39
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40
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Zhang J, Chang S, Suryanto BHR, Gong C, Zeng X, Zhao C, Zeng Q, Xie J. Efficient Synthesis of Ir-Polyoxometalate Cluster Using a Continuous Flow Apparatus and STM Investigation of Its Coassembly Behavior on HOPG Surface. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5585-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Zhang
- College
of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bryan H. R. Suryanto
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chunhua Gong
- College
of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Xianghua Zeng
- College
of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology,
CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jingli Xie
- College
of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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41
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Müller K, Enache M, Stöhr M. Confinement properties of 2D porous molecular networks on metal surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:153003. [PMID: 26982214 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/15/153003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum effects that arise from confinement of electronic states have been extensively studied for the surface states of noble metals. Utilizing small artificial structures for confinement allows tailoring of the surface properties and offers unique opportunities for applications. So far, examples of surface state confinement include thin films, artificial nanoscale structures, vacancy and adatom islands, self-assembled 1D chains, vicinal surfaces, quantum dots and quantum corrals. In this review we summarize recent achievements in changing the electronic structure of surfaces by adsorption of nanoporous networks whose design principles are based on the concepts of supramolecular chemistry. Already in 1993, it was shown that quantum corrals made from Fe atoms on a Cu(1 1 1) surface using single atom manipulation with a scanning tunnelling microscope confine the Shockley surface state. However, since the atom manipulation technique for the construction of corral structures is a relatively time consuming process, the fabrication of periodic two-dimensional (2D) corral structures is practically impossible. On the other side, by using molecular self-assembly extended 2D porous structures can be achieved in a parallel process, i.e. all pores are formed at the same time. The molecular building blocks are usually held together by non-covalent interactions like hydrogen bonding, metal coordination or dipolar coupling. Due to the reversibility of the bond formation defect-free and long-range ordered networks can be achieved. However, recently also examples of porous networks formed by covalent coupling on the surface have been reported. By the choice of the molecular building blocks, the dimensions of the network (pore size and pore to pore distance) can be controlled. In this way, the confinement properties of the individual pores can be tuned. In addition, the effect of the confined state on the hosting properties of the pores will be discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Müller
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands. Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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42
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Guo C, Li M, Kang S. Photochemical Reactions in Self-Assembled Organic Monolayers Characterized by using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:802-11. [PMID: 26797865 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Research on the supramolecular self-assembly behavior at interfaces is of great importance to improving the performance of nanodevices that are based on optical functional materials. In this Minireview, several photoinduced isomerization and polymerization reactions in self-assembled organic monolayers on surfaces are discussed. Typical organic molecules contain azobenzene, alkynyl, or olefins groups. The feature surface base is a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface or a gold surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used as a strong tool to characterize new species' structures before and after illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Hai Quan Road 100, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B, Yu Quan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B, Yu Quan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - ShiZhao Kang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Hai Quan Road 100, Shanghai, 201418, P. R. China.
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43
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Sun J, Zhou X, Lei S. Host–guest architectures with a surface confined imine covalent organic framework as two-dimensional host networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8691-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Surface COF is used as a host to accommodate three guest molecules, and selective accommodation of F16CuPc was confirmed by STM and DFT investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry
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44
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Kervella Y, Shilova E, Latil S, Jousselme B, Silly F. S-Shaped Conformation of the Quaterthiophene Molecular Backbone in Two-Dimensional Bisterpyridine-Derivative Self-Assembled Nanoarchitecture. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13420-13425. [PMID: 26624809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The conformation and the two-dimensional self-assembly of 4'-(3',4″-dihexyloxy-5,2':5',2″:5″,2‴-quaterthien-2,5‴-diyl)-bis(2,2':6',2″-terpyridine) molecules are theoretically and experimentally investigated. This molecular building block forms a hydrogen-bonded chiral supramolecular nanoarchitecture on graphite at the solid/liquid interface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) shows that the molecule adopts an S-shaped conformation in this structure. DFTB+ calculations reveal that this conformation is not the lowest-energy conformation. The molecular nanoarchitecture appears to be stabilized by hydrogen bonding as well as van der Waals interactions. I-, L-, and D-shaped molecular conformations are, however, locally observed at the domain boundary, but these conformations do not self-assemble into organized 2D structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Kervella
- CEA Grenoble INAC/SPrAM UMR 5819 CEA - CNRS - Univ. J. Fourier-Grenoble 1, LEMOH, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Bruno Jousselme
- CEA Grenoble INAC/SPrAM UMR 5819 CEA - CNRS - Univ. J. Fourier-Grenoble 1, LEMOH, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, Grenoble, France
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45
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Jin S, Tian Y, Liu F, Deng S, Chen J, Xu N. Exploring the Intrinsic Piezofluorochromic Mechanism of TPE-An by STS Technique. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:1036. [PMID: 26334542 PMCID: PMC4558996 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
9,10-bis(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)styryl)anthracene (TPE-An) materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years because they have high luminescence efficiency and excellent piezofluorochromic properties, which have potential applications in organic light-emitting display (OLED) area. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) technique was used to study the piezofluorochromic mechanism of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials for the first time. Photoluminescence (PL) experiments revealed that the emission peak of TPE-An is observed to exhibit a red-shift with the increase of the grinding time. A theoretical calculation was carried out to find the relationship between the bandgap of TPE-An and the external force by combination of the classical tunneling theory and STS results. It is found that when the pressure variation on the surface of TPE-An film was increased to be over 4.38 × 10(4) Pa, the shrink of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap can arrive at 1.1 eV. It is concluded that the piezofluorochromic behaviors of TPE-An should originate from the shrinking effect of the bandgap under external force. Moreover, this research method may shed light on comprehending and adjusting the piezofluorochromic characters of other AIE materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
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46
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Komarov PV, Khalatur PG, Khokhlov AAR. Principles of designing nanostructured polymeric catalysts: Mesoscopic simulation. DOKLADY PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012501615090092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Stepanenko V, Kandanelli R, Uemura S, Würthner F, Fernández G. Concentration-dependent rhombitrihexagonal tiling patterns at the liquid/solid interface. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5853-5858. [PMID: 28791089 PMCID: PMC5523081 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00811e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report STM investigations on a linear oligophenyleneethylene (OPE)-based self-assembling Pd(ii) complex 1 that forms highly-ordered concentration dependent patterns on HOPG. At high concentration, 2D lamellar structures are observed whereas the dilution of the system below a critical concentration leads to the formation of visually attractive rhombitrihexagonal Archimedean tiling arrangements featuring three different kinds of polygons: triangles, hexagons and rhombi. The key participation of the Cl ligands attached to the Pd(ii) centre in multiple C-H···Cl interactions was demonstrated by comparing the patterns of 1 with those of an analogous non-metallic system 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Ramesh Kandanelli
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Shinobu Uemura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science , Kagawa Universtity , 2217-20, Hayashi-cho , Takamatsu , Kagawa 761-0396 , Japan
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany . ;
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Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Effects of Alkyl Chain Length and Hydrogen Bonds on the Cooperative Self-Assembly of 2-Thienyl-Type Diarylethenes at a Liquid/Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG) Interface. Chemistry 2015. [PMID: 26219631 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate understanding of the process of self-assembly is of critical importance to tailor nanostructured order on 2D surfaces with functional molecules. Photochromic compounds are promising candidates for building blocks of advanced photoresponsive surfaces. To investigate the relationship between molecular structure and the mechanism of ordering formation, 2-thienyl-type diarylethenes with various lengths of alkyl side chains linked through an amide or ester group were synthesized. Their self-assemblies at a liquid/solid interface were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The concentration dependence of the surface coverage was analyzed by using a cooperative model for a 2D surface based on two characteristic parameters: the nucleation equilibrium constant (Kn) and the elongation equilibrium constant (Ke). The following conclusions can be drawn. 1) The concentration at which a stable 2D molecular ordering is observed by STM exponentially decreases with increasing length of the alkyl chain. 2) Compounds bearing amide groups have higher degrees of cooperativity in self-assembly on 2D surfaces (i.e., σ, which is defined as Kn/Ke) than compounds with ester groups. 3) The self-assembly process of the open-ring isomer of an ester derivative is close to isodesmic, whereas that of the closed-ring isomer is cooperative because of the difference in equilibrium constants for the nucleation step (i.e., Kn) between the two isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Yokoyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan)
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 (Japan).
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49
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Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Photoinduced Four-State Three-Step Ordering Transformation of Photochromic Terthiophene at a Liquid/Solid Interface Based on Two Principles: Photochromism and Polymorphism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6404-6414. [PMID: 26005903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated photoinduced ordering transformation of a photochromic terthiophene derivative by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the trichlorobenzene (TCB)/highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) interface. The open-ring and annulated isomers of the terthiophene formed two-dimensional molecular orderings with different patterns while the closed-ring isomer did not form any ordering. The ordering of the open-ring isomer exhibited polymorphism depending on the concentration of supernatant solution. Upon UV light irradiation to a solution of the open-ring isomer or the closed-ring isomer, ordering composed of the annulated isomer was irreversibly formed. Upon visible light irradiation or thermal stimulus to the closed-ring isomer, the two kinds of polymorph composed of the open-ring isomer were formed due to the polymorphism. By controlling photochromism and polymorphism among four states made of three photochemical isomers, four-state three-step transformation was achieved by in situ photoirradiation from a solution of the closed-ring isomer (no ordering) into the ordering composed of the open-ring isomer (ordering α and β) followed by the orderings composed of the annulated isomer (ordering γ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Yokoyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Nishitani N, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Investigation on the Surface-Confined Self-Assembly Stabilized by Hydrogen Bonds of Urea and Amide Groups: Quantitative Analysis of Concentration Dependence of Surface Coverage. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1926-31. [PMID: 26033832 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Formation of a hydrogen-bond network via an amide group is a key driving force for the nucleation-elongation-type self-assembly that is often seen in biomolecules and artificial supramolecular assemblies. In this work, rod-coil-like aromatic compounds bearing an amide (1 a-3 a) or urea group (1 u-3 u) were synthesized, and their self-assemblies on a 2-D surface were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). According to the quantitative analysis of the concentration dependence of the surface coverage, it was revealed that the strength of the hydrogen bond (i.e., amide or urea) and the number of non-hydrogen atoms in a molecular component (i.e., size of core and length of alkyl side chain) play a primary role in determining the stabilization energy during nucleation and elongation processes of molecular ordering on the HOPG surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Nishitani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
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