1
|
Lei S, Bu S, Yao M, Wang SR. Divergent Aromatization of α-Halobenzyl γ-Butenolides Initiated by Selective Enol Protonation to Benzo[ c]fluorenones and Naphthalenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11067-11071. [PMID: 39041582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
An unprecedented divergent aromatization reaction of α-halobenzyl γ-butenolides has been described for the selective and concise synthesis of highly substituted benzo and higher π-extended fluorenones, and 1,3-disubstituted naphthalenes depending on the migration ability of the quaternary α-substituent. This aromatization switch from Ag+-mediated planarization to ylidenebutenolides likely originates from selective protonation on the enolic double bond rather than the benzyl halides by TfOH.
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma PK, Jana P, Bandyopadhyay S, Das S. Cyano disubstituted tetrabenzoindeno[2,1- a]fluorene: open-shell or closed-shell? Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7319-7322. [PMID: 38742625 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00683f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Organic diradicaloids have lately emerged as potential spintronic materials. We report the unprecedented synthesis of a near-IR absorbing indeno[2,1-a]fluorene derivative that displays remarkably low LUMO (-4.15 eV) and a small HOMO-LUMO gap (0.85 eV). NMR/EPR studies indicated its open-shell diradical property, which was supported by DFT calculations while suggesting a 30% diradical character and a small singlet (S)-triplet (T) gap (-2.52 kcal mol-1). A large bond length alternation of the as-indacene core for its single-crystals indicated a quinoidal contribution with greater antiaromaticity, which is in line with the small diradical character despite showing a small S-T gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India.
| | - Palash Jana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhajit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mizuno Y, Nogata A, Suzuki M, Nakayama KI, Hisaki I, Kishi R, Konishi A, Yasuda M. Synthesis and Characterization of Dibenzothieno[ a, f]pentalenes Enabling Large Antiaromaticity and Moderate Open-Shell Character through a Small Energy Barrier for Bond-Shift Valence Tautomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20595-20609. [PMID: 37695346 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical rationalization of bond-shift valence tautomerization, characterized by double-well potential surfaces, is one of the most challenging topics of study among the rich electronic properties of antiaromatic molecules. Although the pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect (PJTE) is an essential effect to provide attractive characteristics of 4nπ systems, an understanding of the structure-property relationship derived from the PJTE for planar 4nπ electron systems is still in its infancy. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two regioisomers of the thiophene-fused diareno[a,f]pentalenes 6 and 7. The magnetic and optoelectronic properties characterize these sulfur-doped diareno[a,f]pentalenes as open-shell antiaromatic molecules, in sharp contrast to the closed-shell antiaromatic systems of 3 and 5, in which these main cores consist of the same number of π electrons as 6 and 7. Notably, thiophene-fused 6b and 7b showed pronounced antiaromaticity, the strongest among the previous systems, as well as moderate open-shell characteristics. Our experimental and theoretical investigations concluded that these properties of 6b and 7b are derived from the small energy barrier Ea‡ for the bond-shift valence tautomerization. The energy profile of the single crystal of 6b showed the temperature-dependent structural variations assigned to the dynamic mutual exchange between the two Cs-symmetric structures, which was also supported by changes in the chemical shifts of variable-temperature 1H NMR spectra in the solution phase. Both experimental and computational results revealed the importance of introducing heteroaromatic rings into 4nπ systems for controlling the PJTE and manifesting the antiaromatic and open-shell natures originating from the high-symmetric structure. The findings of this study advance the understanding of antiaromaticity characterized by the PJTE by controlling the energy barrier for bond-shift valence tautomerizations, potentially leading to the rational design of optoelectronic devices based on novel antiaromatic molecules possessing the strong contributions of their high-symmetric geometries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mizuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Nogata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Borissov A, Chmielewski PJ, Gómez García CJ, Lis T, Stępień M. Dinor[7]helicene and Beyond: Divergent Synthesis of Chiral Diradicaloids with Variable Open-Shell Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309238. [PMID: 37452009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diradicaloid helicenes constructed formally by non-benzenoid double π-extension of phenanthrene were synthesized by a common strategy involving double electrophilic benzannulation. Steric effects in the second benzannulation step led to considerable structural diversity among the products, yielding a symmetrical dinor[7]helicene 1 and two isomeric unsymmetrical double helicenes 2 and 3, containing a nor[5]helicene and [4]helicene fragment, respectively, in addition to a common nor[6]helicene motif. Geometries, configurational dynamics, and electronic structure of these helicenes were analyzed using solid-state structures, spectroscopic methods, and computational analyses. The open-shell character of the singlet states of these helicenes increases in the order 3<1<2, with strongly varying diradicaloid indexes and singlet-triplet gaps. Compounds 1-3 displayed narrow optical gaps of 0.79-1.25 eV, resulting in significant absorption in the near infrared (NIR) region. They also exhibit reversible redox chemistry, each of them yielding stable radical cations, radical anions, and dianions, in some cases possessing intense NIR absorptions extending beyond 2500 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arseni Borissov
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Carlos J Gómez García
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, C/José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tabata N, Uchino T, Kitamura C, Yoshizawa K, Shiota Y, Kato SI. Site-selective radical reactions of kinetically stable open-shell singlet diradicaloid difluorenoheteroles with tributyltin hydride and azo-based radical initiators. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5974-5982. [PMID: 37293653 PMCID: PMC10246680 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00381g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated site-selective radical reactions of the kinetically stable open-shell singlet diradicaloids difluoreno[3,4-b:4',3'-d]thiophene (DFTh) and difluoreno[3,4-b:4',3'-d]furan (DFFu) with tributyltin hydride (HSn(n-Bu)3) and azo-based radical initiators. Treatment of these diradicaloids with HSn(n-Bu)3 induces hydrogenation at the ipso-carbon in the five-membered rings, while treatment with 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) induces substitution at the carbon atoms in the peripheral six-membered rings. We have also developed one-pot substitution/hydrogenation reactions of DFTh/DFFu with various azo-based radical initiators and HSn(n-Bu)3. The resulting products can be converted into substituted DFTh/DFFu derivatives via dehydrogenation. Theoretical calculations unveiled a detailed mechanism of the radical reactions of DFTh/DFFu with HSn(n-Bu)3 and with AIBN, and that the site-selectivity of these radical reactions is controlled by the balance of the spin density and the steric hindrance in DFTh/DFFu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tabata
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture 2500 Hassaka-cho Hikone Shiga 522-8533 Japan
| | - Takumi Uchino
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture 2500 Hassaka-cho Hikone Shiga 522-8533 Japan
| | - Chitoshi Kitamura
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture 2500 Hassaka-cho Hikone Shiga 522-8533 Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kato
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture 2500 Hassaka-cho Hikone Shiga 522-8533 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Closed-shell and open-shell dual nature of singlet diradical compounds. PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2023-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Unlike triplet diradicals, singlet diradicals can vary in diradical character from 0 % to 100 % depending on linker units that allow two formally unpaired electrons to couple covalently. In principle, the electronic structure of singlet diradicals can be described as a quantum superposition of closed-shell and open-shell structures. This means that, depending on the external environment, singlet diradicals can behave as either closed-shell or open-shell species. This paper summarizes our progress in understanding the electronic structure of π-conjugated singlet diradical molecules in terms of closed-shell and open-shell dual nature. We first discuss the coexistence of intra- and intermolecular covalent bonding interactions in the π-dimer of a singlet diradical molecule. The intra- and intermolecular coupling of two formally unpaired electrons are related to closed-shell and open-shell nature of singlet diradical, respectively. Then we demonstrate the coexistence of the covalent bonding interactions in the one-dimensional stack of singlet diradical molecules having different diradical character. The relative strength of the interactions is varied with the magnitude of singlet diradical index y
0. Finally, we show the dual reactivity of a singlet diradical molecule, which undergoes rapid [4 + 2] and [4 + 4] cycloaddition reactions in the dark at room temperature. Closed-shell and open-shell nature endow the singlet diradical molecule with the reaction manner as diene and diradical species, respectively.
Collapse
|
7
|
Jousselin-Oba T, Mamada M, Wright K, Marrot J, Adachi C, Yassar A, Frigoli M. Synthesis, Aromaticity, and Application of peri-Pentacenopentacene: Localized Representation of Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112794. [PMID: 34727416 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and optoelectronic properties of TIPS-peri-pentacenopentacene (TIPS-PPP), a vertical extension of TIPS-pentacene (TIPS-PEN) and a low-band-gap material with remarkable stability. We found the synthetic conditions to avoid the competition between 1,2- and 1,4-addition of lithium acetylide on the large aromatic dione. The high stability of TIPS-PPP is due to the peri-fusion which increases the aromaticity by generating two localized aromatic sextets that are flanked with 2 diene fragments, similar to two fused-anthracenes. Like TIPS-PEN, TIPS-PPP shows the archetypal 2D brickwall motif in crystals with a larger transfer integral and smaller reorganization energy. The high mobility of up to 1 cm2 V-1 s-1 was obtained in an organic field-effect transistor fabricated by a wet process. Also, TIPS-PPP was used as a near-infrared (NIR) emitter for NIR organic-light-emitting-diode devices resulting in a high external quantum efficiency at 800 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Jousselin-Oba
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, University Paris-Saclay, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Masashi Mamada
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Karen Wright
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, University Paris-Saclay, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Jérome Marrot
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, University Paris-Saclay, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- LPICM, UMR CNRS 7647, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Michel Frigoli
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR CNRS 8180, University Paris-Saclay, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jousselin‐Oba T, Mamada M, Wright K, Marrot J, Adachi C, Yassar A, Frigoli M. Synthesis, Aromaticity, and Application of
peri
‐Pentacenopentacene: Localized Representation of Benzenoid Aromatic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Jousselin‐Oba
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR CNRS 8180 University Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Masashi Mamada
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Karen Wright
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR CNRS 8180 University Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Jérome Marrot
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR CNRS 8180 University Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA) Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- LPICM, UMR CNRS 7647 Ecole Polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau Cedex France
| | - Michel Frigoli
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles UMR CNRS 8180 University Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen PY, Liu YC, Hung HY, Pan ML, Wei YC, Kuo TC, Cheng MJ, Chou PT, Chiang MH, Wu YT. Diindeno[2,1- b:2',1'- h]biphenylenes: Syntheses, Structural Analyses, and Properties. Org Lett 2021; 23:8794-8798. [PMID: 34714080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of diindeno[2,1-b:2',1'-h]biphenylenes with open-shell singlet ground states and interesting properties were prepared. The studied compounds consist of p-quinodimethane moieties, which suffer from geometric perturbation with bond angles of around 90°. The substituent effects on structural parameters, local aromaticity, and properties were systematically explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Hung
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Pan
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Wei
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Chun Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 80708 Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Road, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takeda T, Kasahara Y, Akutagawa T. Color-tunable arylaminoanthraquinone dyes through hydrogen-bond-assisted charge transfer interaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24217-24231. [PMID: 35479002 PMCID: PMC9036828 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03985g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared a series of arylaminoanthraquinone derivatives, including those with electron-accepting sulfone units and/or with electron-donating dialkylamino units. A color-tunable anthraquinone library that reached into the NIR region could be prepared through the precise control of frontier orbitals. Fine color-tuning was achieved through proper selection and positioning of the substituents. Effective intramolecular hydrogen-bond-assisted charge transfer interaction between electron-donating aniline/p-phenylenediamine and electron-accepting anthraquinone substructures induced a significant bathochromic shift of anthraquinone. The number and position of the substituents and the molecular conformation also significantly contributed to determining photophysical properties. A color-tunable anthraquinone library based on arylaminoanthraquinone was prepared through hydrogen-bond-assisted charge transfer interaction.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takeda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi 980-8579 Japan
| | - Yotaro Kasahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi 980-8579 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University Sendai Miyagi 980-8579 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ueda H, Yoshimoto S. Multi-Redox Active Carbons and Hydrocarbons: Control of their Redox Properties and Potential Applications. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2411-2429. [PMID: 34128316 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over redox properties is essential for high-performance organic electronic devices such as organic batteries, electrochromic devices, and information storage devices. In this context, multi-redox active carbons and hydrocarbons, represented as Cx Hy molecules (x≥1, y≥0), are highly sought after, because they can switch between multiple redox states. Herein, we outline the redox properties of Cx Hy molecules as solutes and adsorbed species. Furthermore, the limitations of evaluating their redox properties and the possible solutions are summarized. Additionally, the theoretical capacity (mAh/g) and gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg) of secondary batteries were estimated based on the redox properties of 185 Cx Hy molecules, which have primarily been reported in the last decade. Among them, seven Cx Hy molecules were found to have the potential to surpass the energy density of LiNi0.6 Mn0.2 Co0.2 O2 /graphite batteries. The use of Cx Hy molecules in multielectrochromic devices and multi-bit memory is also explained. We believe that this review will encourage further utilization of Cx Hy molecules thereby promoting its applications in organic electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ueda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshimoto
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Konishi A, Horii K, Iwasa H, Okada Y, Kishi R, Nakano M, Yasuda M. Characterization of Benzo[a]naphtho[2,3-f]pentalene: Interrelation between Open-shell and Antiaromatic Characters Governed by Mode of the Quinoidal Subunit and Molecular Symmetry. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1553-1561. [PMID: 33861497 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The singlet open-shell character and antiaromaticity are intriguing features in π-conjugated carbocycles. These two exhibit similar chemical and physical properties. However, they rarely coexist in the same molecule. Understanding the interrelation between the open-shell and antiaromatic characteristics in the same molecule is crucial to control the electronic properties. Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new member of diareno[a,f]pentalene, benzo[a]naphtho[2,3-f]pentalene 6. Unlike its isomer 5 with a closed-shell ground state, 6 exhibits an appreciable open-shell character and a moderate antiaromatic feature. The behaviors of the open-shell index (y0 ) against the difference of the proton chemical signal (Δδ(H1 )) between pentalenide dianions/neutral pentalenes for our reported pentalenes 1, 4, 5, and 6 give a thought-provoking conclusion about the interrelation between open-shell and antiaromatic characteristics in this series. The mode of the incorporated quinoidal moiety and the formal molecular symmetry are critical to balance these two characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koki Horii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruna Iwasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (QIQB-OTRI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (QIQB-OTRI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adachi K, Hirose S, Ueda Y, Uekusa H, Hamura T. Thermodynamically Stable o-Quinodimethane: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2021; 27:3665-3669. [PMID: 33159368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thermal isomerization of cyclobutaphenanthrene to o-quinodimethane was investigated. Sterically congested substituents or electron-donating substituents on the four-membered ring promoted the ring-opening, affording o-quinodimethane in a relatively stable form. Isolation of the newly prepared o-quinodimethane allowed its structural elucidation and investigation of its potential reactivities. Dual [4+2] cycloaddition of an aryne and o-quinodimethane afforded tetrabenzopentacene, demonstrating the synthetic application of the isolated compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Adachi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hirose
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ueda
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, 669-1337, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zuzak R, Stoica O, Blieck R, Echavarren AM, Godlewski S. On-Surface Synthesis and Intermolecular Cycloadditions of Indacenoditetracenes, Antiaromatic Analogues of Undecacene. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1548-1554. [PMID: 33346643 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']ditetracene and as-indaceno[2,3-b:6,7-b']ditetracene containing indenofluorene cores from a common precursor has been achieved by a dehydrogenative surface-assisted cyclization on Au(111) and confirmed by bond-resolved non-contact atomic force microscopy. On-surface generated as-indaceno[2,3-b:6,7-b']ditetracenes undergo fusion, which leads to T-shaped adducts by an intermolecular cycloaddition. The same type of cycloaddition, which has no parallel in solution chemistry, has been observed between as-indaceno[2,3-b:6,7-b']ditetracene and pentacene or octacene. These examples of surface-assisted cycloaddition provide perspectives for the rational design and synthesis of molecular nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Otilia Stoica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rémi Blieck
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sharma H, Sharma PK, Das S. Revisiting indeno[2,1- c]fluorene synthesis while exploring the fully conjugated s-indaceno[2,1- c:6,5- c']difluorene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11319-11322. [PMID: 32840524 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04418k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is an alternative synthetic approach for conjugated indeno[2,1-c]fluorene, including the experimental and theoretical investigations of a tetraradicaloid s-indaceno[2,1-c:6,5-c']difluorene that belongs to the rarely explored indacenodifluorene family containing 4n + 2 monocyclic conjugated π-electrons. Expedient synthesis, broad absorption reaching 1150 nm, and small HOMO-LUMO energy gap make [2,1-c:6,5-c']s-IDF a promising candidate for optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India.
| | - Priyank Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India.
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Nangal Road, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jousselin-Oba T, Mamada M, Okazawa A, Marrot J, Ishida T, Adachi C, Yassar A, Frigoli M. Modulating the ground state, stability and charge transport in OFETs of biradicaloid hexahydro-diindenopyrene derivatives and a proposed method to estimate the biradical character. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12194-12205. [PMID: 34094431 PMCID: PMC8162832 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04583g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biradicaloid compounds with an open-shell ground state have been the subject of intense research in the past decade. Although diindenoacenes are one of the most developed families, only a few examples have been reported as active layers in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a charge mobility of around 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 due to a steric disadvantage of the mesityl group to kinetically stabilize compounds. Herein, we disclose our efforts to improve the charge transport of the diindenoacene family based on hexahydro-diindenopyrene (HDIP) derivatives with different annelation modes for which the most reactive position has been functionalized with (triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl (TIPS) groups. All the HDIP derivatives show remarkably higher stability than that of TIPS-pentacene, enduring for 2 days to more than 30 days, which depends on the oxidation potential, the contribution of the singlet biradical form in the ground state and the annelation mode. The annelation mode affects not only the band gap and the biradical character (y 0) but also the value of the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE S-T) that does not follow the reverse trend of y 0. A method based on comparison between experimental and theoretical bond lengths has been disclosed to estimate y 0 and shows that y 0 computed at the projected unrestricted Hartree-Fock (PUHF) level is the most relevant among those reported by all other methods. Thanks to their high stability, thin-film OFETs were successfully fabricated. Well balanced ambipolar transport was obtained in the order of 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the bottom-gate/top-contact configuration, and unipolar transport in the top-gate/bottom-contact configuration was obtained in the order of 10-1 cm2 V-1 s-1 which is the highest value obtained for biradical compounds with a diindenoacene skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Jousselin-Oba
- UMR CNRS 8180, UVSQ, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Masashi Mamada
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), JST ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Academia-Industry Molecular Systems for Devices Research and Education Center, Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Division of Chemistry, Institute of Liberal Education, Nihon University School of Medicine Itabashi Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Jérome Marrot
- UMR CNRS 8180, UVSQ, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Takayuki Ishida
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo 182-8585 Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), JST ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Academia-Industry Molecular Systems for Devices Research and Education Center, Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University Nishi Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, LPICM, CNRS route de Saclay 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Michel Frigoli
- UMR CNRS 8180, UVSQ, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barker JE, Kodama T, Song MK, Frederickson CK, Jousselin-Oba T, Zakharov LN, Marrot J, Frigoli M, Johnson RP, Haley MM. Serendipitous Rediscovery of the Facile Cyclization of Z,Z-3,5-Octadiene-1,7-diyne Derivatives to Afford Stable, Substituted Naphthocyclobutadienes. Chempluschem 2020; 84:665-672. [PMID: 31944015 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The serendipitous isolation of very small amounts of two naphthocyclobutadiene (NCB) derivatives has led to the computational re-examination of the electrocyclization of Z,Z-3,5-octadiene-1,7-diyne as well as the experimental and computational study of diethynylindeno[2,1-a]fluorene derivatives that contain the 3,5-octadiene-1,7-diyne motif as part of a larger π-framework. In both cases the calculated potential energy surface strongly implicates two successive electrocyclic reactions to afford the antiaromatic products. With the octadienediyne fragment locked in the reactive conformation, the postulated diethynylindeno[2,1-a]fluorene intermediates afford the NCBs in modest to good yields. X-ray crystallography of four NCBs as well as NICS-XY scan calculations show that the paratropic motif is located primarily in the benzocyclobutadiene fragment within the larger π-scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Barker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, United States
| | - Takuya Kodama
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, United States
| | - Min K Song
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, United States
| | - Conerd K Frederickson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, United States
| | - Tanguy Jousselin-Oba
- UMR CNRS 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR - Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1433, United States
| | - Jérôme Marrot
- UMR CNRS 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Michel Frigoli
- UMR CNRS 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Richard P Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, United States
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403-1253, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jousselin-Oba T, Mamada M, Marrot J, Maignan A, Adachi C, Yassar A, Frigoli M. Excellent Semiconductors Based on Tetracenotetracene and Pentacenopentacene: From Stable Closed-Shell to Singlet Open-Shell. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9373-9381. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Jousselin-Oba
- UMR CNRS 8180, UVSQ, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Masashi Mamada
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), JST ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, and Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular System for Devices, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jérôme Marrot
- UMR CNRS 8180, UVSQ, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Antoine Maignan
- UMR CNRS 6508, Normandie Université, CRISMAT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), JST ERATO Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, and Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular System for Devices, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- UMR CNRS 7647, LPICM-École Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Michel Frigoli
- UMR CNRS 8180, UVSQ, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Boominathan SSK, Chang KH, Liu YC, Wang CS, Wu CF, Chiang MH, Chou PT, Wu YT. Diindeno-Fused Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and Dibenzo[c,l]chrysene: Syntheses, Structural Analyses, and Properties. Chemistry 2019; 25:7280-7284. [PMID: 30946487 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diindeno-fused dibenzo[a,h]anthracene 6 and diindeno-fused dibenzo[c,l]chrysene 9 contain the key moieties 1,4-quinodipropene (1,4-QDP) and 2,6-naphthoquinodipropene (2,6-NQDP), respectively, and they both have an open-shell singlet ground state. The latter compound exhibits a strong biradical character and interesting properties, including a low ΔET-S (2.44 kcal mol-1 ), a small HOMO-LUMO gap (1.06 eV), a wide photoabsorption range (250-1172 nm), and a large two-photon absorption cross-section (σ=1342±56 GM). This work verifies that 6 has a slightly larger HOMO-LUMO gap and ΔET-S than its helical isomer diindeno[2,1-f:1',2'-j]picene (DIP), but is a much stronger two-photon absorber, verifying the important effect of geometry on the photophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai-Hsin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National (Taiwan) University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National (Taiwan) University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Majewski MA, Chmielewski PJ, Chien A, Hong Y, Lis T, Witwicki M, Kim D, Zimmerman PM, Stępień M. 5,10-Dimesityldiindeno[1,2- a:2',1'- i]phenanthrene: a stable biradicaloid derived from Chichibabin's hydrocarbon. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3413-3420. [PMID: 30996930 PMCID: PMC6429611 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00170k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A diindenophenanthrene biradicaloid, formally derived from Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, is obtained in a short, scalable synthesis.
A diindenophenanthrene biradicaloid, formally derived from Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, is obtained in a short, scalable synthesis. The present system is electron-rich and devoid of conjugated substituents, and still exhibits very good stability under ambient conditions. The introduction of the diindeno[1,2-a:2′,1′-i] phenanthrene ring framework results in a singlet biradicaloid system with an easily accessible triplet state (ΔES–T = –1.30 kcal mol–1) and a small electronic bandgap (1.39 V). The stability limits of the title hydrocarbon were explored systematically in the solid state, to reveal an unusual thermally initiated hydrogen-scrambling oligomerization process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A Majewski
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| | - Alan Chien
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| | - Maciej Witwicki
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jousselin‐Oba T, Deal PE, Fix AG, Frederickson CK, Vonnegut CL, Yassar A, Zakharov LN, Frigoli M, Haley MM. Synthesis and Properties of Benzo‐Fused Indeno[2,1‐
c
]fluorenes. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1737-1744. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Jousselin‐Oba
- UMR CNRS 8180 Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Parker E. Deal
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute 1253 University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1253 USA
| | - Aaron G. Fix
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute 1253 University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1253 USA
| | - Conerd K. Frederickson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute 1253 University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1253 USA
| | - Chris L. Vonnegut
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute 1253 University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1253 USA
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- UMR CNRS 7647, LPICM-École Polytechnique 91128 Palaiseau Cedex France
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- CAMCOR—Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1433 USA
| | - Michel Frigoli
- UMR CNRS 8180 Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis 78035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute 1253 University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403-1253 USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zeng Y, Duan R, Guo Y, Han G, Li Q, Yi Y. Electronic, optical, and charge transport properties of A-π-A electron acceptors for organic solar cells: Impact of anti-aromatic π structures. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Konishi A, Okada Y, Kishi R, Nakano M, Yasuda M. Enhancement of Antiaromatic Character via Additional Benzoannulation into Dibenzo[a,f]pentalene: Syntheses and Properties of Benzo[a]naphtho[2,1-f]pentalene and Dinaphtho[2,1-a,f]pentalene. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:560-571. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ie Y, Sato C, Yamamoto K, Nitani M, Aso Y. A Thiazole-fused Antiaromatic Compound Containing an s-Indacene Chromophore with a High Electron Affinity. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yamamoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masashi Nitani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hsieh YC, Wu CF, Chen YT, Fang CT, Wang CS, Li CH, Chen LY, Cheng MJ, Chueh CC, Chou PT, Wu YT. 5,14-Diaryldiindeno[2,1-f:1′,2′-j]picene: A New Stable [7]Helicene with a Partial Biradical Character. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14357-14366. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chu Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Te Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Liang-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101 Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tobe Y. Quinodimethanes Incorporated in Non-Benzenoid Aromatic or Antiaromatic Frameworks. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:12. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
27
|
Zeng W, Hong Y, Medina Rivero S, Kim J, Zafra JL, Phan H, Gopalakrishna TY, Herng TS, Ding J, Casado J, Kim D, Wu J. Stable Nitrogen-Centered Bis(imino)rylene Diradicaloids. Chemistry 2018; 24:4944-4951. [PMID: 29396877 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of stable open-shell singlet diradicaloids is critical for their practical material application. So far, most reported examples are based on carbon-centered radicals, which are intrinsically reactive, and there are very few examples of stable nitrogen-centered diradicaloids. In this full paper, a series of soluble and stable bis(imino)rylenes up to octarylene were synthesized on the basis of newly developed dibromorylene intermediates. It was found that from hexarylene onward, these quinoidal rylenes showed open-shell singlet ground states and could be thermally populated to paramagnetic triplet aminyl diradicals. They are stable due to efficient spin delocalization onto the rylene backbone as well as kinetic blocking of the aminyl sites by the bulky and electron-deficient 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl groups. They exhibited very different electronic structures, diradical character, excited-state dynamics, one-photon absorption, two-photon absorption, and electrochemical properties from their respective aromatic rylene counterparts. These bis(imino)rylenes represent a rare class of stable, neutral, nitrogen-centered aminyl diradicaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, P. R. China
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - José L Zafra
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tullimilli Y Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Qiu S, Wang C, Xie S, Huang X, Chen L, Zhao Y, Zeng Z. Toward helical-shaped diradicaloids: cyclobutenyl o-quinodimethane-bridged indeno[1,2-b]fluorenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11383-11386. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05929b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new class of helical-shaped singlet biradicals disclosed featured properties and unusual half-field ΔMs = 2 transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Chaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Linyi University
- P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- P. R. China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barker JE, Frederickson CK, Jones MH, Zakharov LN, Haley MM. Synthesis and Properties of Quinoidal Fluorenofluorenes. Org Lett 2017; 19:5312-5315. [PMID: 28901775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and optoelectronic properties of 24 π-electron, formally antiaromatic fluoreno[3,2-b]fluorene and fluoreno[4,3-c]fluorene (FF), are presented. The solid-state structure of [4,3-c]FF along with computationally analogous molecules shows that the outer rings are aromatic while the central four rings possess a bond-localized 2,6-naphthoquinodimethane motif. The antiaromaticity and biradical character of the FFs is assessed computationally, the results of which indicate the dominance of the closed-shell ground state for these molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Barker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Conerd K Frederickson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael H Jones
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lu X, Lee S, Hong Y, Phan H, Gopalakrishna TY, Herng TS, Tanaka T, Sandoval-Salinas ME, Zeng W, Ding J, Casanova D, Osuka A, Kim D, Wu J. Fluorenyl Based Macrocyclic Polyradicaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13173-13183. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | | | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - María Eugenia Sandoval-Salinas
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut
de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea & Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - David Casanova
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea & Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Marshall JL, Lehnherr D, Lindner BD, Tykwinski RR. Reductive Aromatization/Dearomatization and Elimination Reactions to Access Conjugated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Heteroacenes, and Cumulenes. Chempluschem 2017; 82:967-1001. [PMID: 31961601 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acenes, heteroacenes, conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (collectively referred to in this review as conjugated polycyclic molecules, CPMs) have fascinated chemists since they were first isolated and synthesized in the mid 19th century. Most recently, these compounds have shown significant promise as the active components in organic devices (e.g., solar cells, thin-film transistors, light-emitting diodes, etc.), and, since 2001, a plethora of publications detail synthetic strategies to produce CPMs. In this review, we discuss reductive aromatization, reductive dearomatization, and elimination/extrusion reactions used to form CPMs. After a brief discussion on early methods to synthesize CPMs, we detail the use of reagents used for the reductive (de)aromatization of precursors containing 1,4-diols/diethers, including SnCl2 and iodide (I- ). Extension of these methods to carbomers and cumulenes is briefly discussed. We then describe low-valent metal species used to reduce endoxides to CPMs, and discuss the methods to directly reduce acenediones and acenones to the respective acene. In the final section, we describe methods used to affect aromatization to the desired CPM via extrusion of small, volatile molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Benjamin D Lindner
- Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICCM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.,Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICCM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestrasse 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Matsumoto A, Suzuki M, Hayashi H, Kuzuhara D, Yuasa J, Kawai T, Aratani N, Yamada H. Studies on Pyrene and Perylene Derivatives upon Oxidation and Application to a Higher Analogue. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192
| | - Hironobu Hayashi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu J, Ma J, Zhang K, Ravat P, Machata P, Avdoshenko S, Hennersdorf F, Komber H, Pisula W, Weigand JJ, Popov AA, Berger R, Müllen K, Feng X. π-Extended and Curved Antiaromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7513-7521. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ke Zhang
- Max-Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Prince Ravat
- Max-Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Machata
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislav Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max-Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Ma J, Liu J, Baumgarten M, Fu Y, Tan YZ, Schellhammer KS, Ortmann F, Cuniberti G, Komber H, Berger R, Müllen K, Feng X. A Stable Saddle-Shaped Polycyclic Hydrocarbon with an Open-Shell Singlet Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.; Hohe Strasse 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ma J, Liu J, Baumgarten M, Fu Y, Tan YZ, Schellhammer KS, Ortmann F, Cuniberti G, Komber H, Berger R, Müllen K, Feng X. A Stable Saddle-Shaped Polycyclic Hydrocarbon with an Open-Shell Singlet Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3280-3284. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Karl Sebastian Schellhammer
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science; Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials; Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.; Hohe Strasse 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed); Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Technische Universität Dresden; 01062 Dresden Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Miyoshi H, Miki M, Hirano S, Shimizu A, Kishi R, Fukuda K, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T, Hisaki I, Nakano M, Tobe Y. Fluoreno[2,3-b]fluorene vs Indeno[2,1-b]fluorene: Unusual Relationship between the Number of π Electrons and Excitation Energy in m-Quinodimethane-Type Singlet Diradicaloids. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1380-1388. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Department
of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fukuda K, Fujiyoshi JY, Matsui H, Nagami T, Takamuku S, Kitagawa Y, Champagne B, Nakano M. A theoretical study on quasi-one-dimensional open-shell singlet ladder oligomers: multi-radical nature, aromaticity and second hyperpolarizability. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00108h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-one-dimensional open-shell singlet ladder oligomers composed of indenofluorene-like units show strong correlation between multiradical nature, aromaticity and second hyperpolarizability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Fukuda
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Jun-ya Fujiyoshi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsui
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Takanori Nagami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Shota Takamuku
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique
- University of Namur
- B-5000 Namur
- Belgium
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Xia D, Keerthi A, An C, Baumgarten M. Synthesis of a quinoidal dithieno[2,3-d;2′,3′-d]benzo[2,1-b;3,4-b′]-dithiophene based open-shell singlet biradicaloid. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00543h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A fused heteroacene derivative, bis(dicyanomethylene)-end-capped-dithieno[2,3-d;2′,3′-d]benzo[2,1-b;3,4-b′]-dithiophene (4CN-DTmBDT) was synthesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debin Xia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- 150001 Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Ashok Keerthi
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy Condensed Matter Physics Group
- the University of Manchester
| | - Cunbin An
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lu X, Lee S, Kim JO, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Herng TS, Lim Z, Zeng Z, Ding J, Kim D, Wu J. Stable 3,6-Linked Fluorenyl Radical Oligomers with Intramolecular Antiferromagnetic Coupling and Polyradical Characters. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13048-13058. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional
π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jun Oh Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional
π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | | | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Zhenglong Lim
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zebing Zeng
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional
π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Huang R, Phan H, Herng TS, Hu P, Zeng W, Dong SQ, Das S, Shen Y, Ding J, Casanova D, Wu J. Higher Order π-Conjugated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons with Open-Shell Singlet Ground State: Nonazethrene versus Nonacene. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10323-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Material, Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Pan Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shao-qiang Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongjia Shen
- Key
Laboratory of Advanced Material, Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - David Casanova
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science & Donostia International Physics Center & Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Dgonostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
- Institute
of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, 138634, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Das S, Herng TS, Zafra JL, Burrezo PM, Kitano M, Ishida M, Gopalakrishna TY, Hu P, Osuka A, Casado J, Ding J, Casanova D, Wu J. Fully Fused Quinoidal/Aromatic Carbazole Macrocycles with Poly-radical Characters. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7782-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Das
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - José L. Zafra
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Paula Mayorga Burrezo
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Masaaki Kitano
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and
Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | | | - Pan Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Juan Casado
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Jun Ding
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - David Casanova
- IKERBASQUE
- Basque Foundation for Science & Donostia International Physics
Center & Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Paseo
Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yadav P, Das S, Phan H, Herng TS, Ding J, Wu J. Kinetically Blocked Stable 5,6:12,13-Dibenzozethrene: A Laterally π-Extended Zethrene with Enhanced Diradical Character. Org Lett 2016; 18:2886-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, No. 08-03, Singapore 117602
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Marshall JL, Uchida K, Frederickson CK, Schütt C, Zeidell AM, Goetz KP, Finn TW, Jarolimek K, Zakharov LN, Risko C, Herges R, Jurchescu OD, Haley MM. Indacenodibenzothiophenes: synthesis, optoelectronic properties and materials applications of molecules with strong antiaromatic character. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5547-5558. [PMID: 28066536 PMCID: PMC5207214 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00950f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Indeno[1,2-b]fluorenes (IFs), while containing 4n π-electrons, are best described as two aromatic benzene rings fused to a weakly paratropic s-indacene core. In this study, we find that replacement of the outer benzene rings of an IF with benzothiophenes allows the antiaromaticity of the central s-indacene to strongly reassert itself. Herein we report a combined synthetic, computational, structural, and materials study of anti- and syn-indacenodibenzothiophenes (IDBTs). We have developed an efficient and scalable synthesis for preparation of a series of aryl- and ethynyl-substituted IDBTs. NICS-XY scans and ACID calculations reveal an increasingly antiaromatic core from [1,2-b]IF to anti-IDBT, with syn-IDBT being nearly as antiaromatic as the parent s-indacene. As an initial evaluation, the intermolecular electronic couplings and electronic band structure of a diethynyl anti-IDBT derivative reveal the potential for hole and / or electron transport. OFETs constructed using this molecule show the highest hole mobilities yet achieved for a fully conjugated IF derivative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute
, University of Oregon
,
Eugene
, Oregon 97403-1253
, USA
.
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry
, Graduate School of Science
, Osaka University
,
Toyonaka
, Osaka 560-0043
, Japan
| | - Conerd K. Frederickson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute
, University of Oregon
,
Eugene
, Oregon 97403-1253
, USA
.
| | - Christian Schütt
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry
, University of Kiel
,
Otto-Hahn-Platz 4
, Kiel 24098
, Germany
| | - Andrew M. Zeidell
- Department of Physics
, Wake Forest University
,
Winston-Salem
, North Carolina 27109
, USA
| | - Katelyn P. Goetz
- Department of Physics
, Wake Forest University
,
Winston-Salem
, North Carolina 27109
, USA
| | - Tristan W. Finn
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Applied Energy Research
, University of Kentucky
,
Lexington
, Kentucky 40506
, USA
| | - Karol Jarolimek
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Applied Energy Research
, University of Kentucky
,
Lexington
, Kentucky 40506
, USA
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- CAMCOR
, University of Oregon
,
Eugene
, Oregon 97403-1433
, USA
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Applied Energy Research
, University of Kentucky
,
Lexington
, Kentucky 40506
, USA
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry
, University of Kiel
,
Otto-Hahn-Platz 4
, Kiel 24098
, Germany
| | - Oana D. Jurchescu
- Department of Physics
, Wake Forest University
,
Winston-Salem
, North Carolina 27109
, USA
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute
, University of Oregon
,
Eugene
, Oregon 97403-1253
, USA
.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shi X, Quintero E, Lee S, Jing L, Herng TS, Zheng B, Huang KW, López Navarrete JT, Ding J, Kim D, Casado J, Chi C. Benzo-thia-fused [ n]thienoacenequinodimethanes with small to moderate diradical characters: the role of pro-aromaticity versus anti-aromaticity. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3036-3046. [PMID: 29997794 PMCID: PMC6005137 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Open-shell singlet diradicaloids have recently received much attention due to their unique optical, electronic and magnetic properties and promising applications in materials science. Among various diradicaloids, quinoidal π-conjugated molecules have become the prevailing design. However, the need for a fundamental understanding on how the fusion mode and pro-aromaticity/anti-aromaticity affect their diradical character and physical properties remains unaddressed. In this work, a series of pro-aromatic benzo-thia-fused [n]thienoacenequinodimethanes (Thn-TIPS (n = 1-3) and BDTh-TIPS) were synthesized and compared with the previously reported anti-aromatic bisindeno-[n]thienoacenes (Sn-TIPS, n = 1-4). The ground-state geometric and electronic structures of these new quinoidal molecules were systematically investigated by X-ray crystallographic analysis, variable temperature NMR, ESR, SQUID, Raman, and electronic absorption spectroscopy, assisted by DFT calculations. It was found that the diradical character index (y0) increased from nearly zero for Th1-TIPS to 2.4% for Th2-TIPS, 18.2% for Th3-TIPS, and 38.2% for BDTh-TIPS, due to the enhanced aromatic stabilization. Consequently, with the extension of molecular size, the one-photon absorption spectra are gradually red-shifted, the two-photon absorption (TPA) cross section values increase, and the singlet excited state lifetimes decrease. By comparison with the corresponding anti-aromatic analogues Sn-TIPS (n = 1-3), the pro-aromatic Thn-TIPS (n = 1-3) exhibit larger diradical character, longer singlet excited state lifetime and larger TPA cross section value. At the same time, they display distinctively different electronic absorption spectra and improved electrochemical amphotericity. Spectroelectrochemical studies revealed a good linear relationship between the optical energy gaps and the molecular length in the neutral, radical cationic and dicationic forms. Our research work discloses a significant difference between the pro-aromatic and anti-aromatic quinoidal compounds and provides guidance for the design of new diradicaloids with desirable properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Shi
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Estefanía Quintero
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Malaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 229071 Malaga , Spain .
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Linzhi Jing
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , National University of Singapore , 119260 , Singapore .
| | - Bin Zheng
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan T López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Malaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 229071 Malaga , Spain .
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , National University of Singapore , 119260 , Singapore .
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Malaga , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 229071 Malaga , Spain .
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hibi D, Kitabayashi K, Fujita K, Takeda T, Tobe Y. Diindenopyrenes: Extended 1,6- and 1,8-Pyrenoquinodimethanes with Singlet Diradical Characters. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3735-43. [PMID: 27030887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diindenopyrene 4b and its diastereomer, which are extended homologues of 1,6- and 1,8-pyrenoquinodimethanes fused by indene units, respectively, were synthesized by reaction of 1,4,5,8-tetrakis(mesitylethynyl)naphthalene (7) with bis(2,4,6-trimethylpyridine)iodine(I) hexafluorophosphate via cationic cyclization mechanisms at both centers of reaction. Unexpectedly, reaction of 7 with iodine, a reagent that typically gives products of cationic cyclization, gave cycloheptapentalenoindenophenalene derivative 9b and its diastereomer incorporating an azulene unit at one end of the π framework, via two different modes (radical and cationic) of cyclization at each reaction site. The physical properties of the products are presented, and the dual modes of cyclization of 7 and its model compound with only one reaction center are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Hibi
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kitabayashi
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujita
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeda
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tobe
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Marshall JL, O’Neal NJ, Zakharov LN, Haley MM. Synthesis and Characterization of Two Unsymmetrical Indenofluorene Analogues: Benzo[5,6]-s-indaceno[1,2-b]thiophene and Benzo[5,6]-s-indaceno[2,1-b]thiophene. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3674-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Marshall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Nathaniel J. O’Neal
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hu P, Lee S, Park KH, Das S, Herng TS, Gonçalves TP, Huang KW, Ding J, Kim D, Wu J. Octazethrene and Its Isomer with Different Diradical Characters and Chemical Reactivity: The Role of the Bridge Structure. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2911-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - Théo P. Gonçalves
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schweighauser L, Bodoky I, Kessler SN, Häussinger D, Donsbach C, Wegner HA. Bidentate Lewis Acid Catalyzed Domino Diels-Alder Reaction of Phthalazine for the Synthesis of Bridged Oligocyclic Tetrahydronaphthalenes. Org Lett 2016; 18:1330-3. [PMID: 26943286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A domino process consisting of an inverse and a normal electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction is presented for the formation of bridged tri- and tetracyclic 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes catalyzed by a bidentate Lewis acid. The products were synthesized in a one-pot reaction from commercially available starting materials and contain up to six stereogenic centers. The tetrahydronaphthalenes were isolated as single diastereomers and are derivatives of phenylethylamine, which is well-known as a scaffold of amphetamine or dopamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schweighauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ina Bodoky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon N Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Donsbach
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hu P, Lee S, Herng TS, Aratani N, Gonçalves TP, Qi Q, Shi X, Yamada H, Huang KW, Ding J, Kim D, Wu J. Toward Tetraradicaloid: The Effect of Fusion Mode on Radical Character and Chemical Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1065-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Théo P. Gonçalves
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingbiao Qi
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|