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Zhao R, Amstad E. Bio-Informed Porous Mineral-Based Composites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401052. [PMID: 39221524 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Certain biominerals, such as sea sponges and echinoderm skeletons, display a fascinating combination of mechanical properties and adaptability due to the well-defined structures spanning various length scales. These materials often possess high density normalized mechanical properties because they contain well-defined pores. The density-normalized mechanical properties of synthetic minerals are often inferior because the pores are stochastically distributed, resulting in an inhomogeneous stress distribution. The mechanical properties of synthetic materials are limited by the degree of structural and compositional control currently available fabrication methods offer. In the first part of this review, examples of structural elements nature uses to impart exceptional density normalized Young's moduli to its porous biominerals are showcased. The second part highlights recent advancements in the fabrication of bio-informed mineral-based composites possessing pores with diameters that span a wide range of length scales. The influence of the processing of mineral-based composites on their structures and mechanical properties is summarized. Thereby, it is aimed at encouraging further research directed to the sustainable, energy-efficient fabrication of synthetic lightweight yet stiff mineral-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Swiss National Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Bio-inspired materials, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
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2
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Raynes JK, Mata J, Wilde KL, Carver JA, Kelly SM, Holt C. Structure of biomimetic casein micelles: Critical tests of the hydrophobic colloid and multivalent-binding models using recombinant deuterated and phosphorylated β-casein. J Struct Biol X 2024; 9:100096. [PMID: 38318529 PMCID: PMC10840362 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2024.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Milk contains high concentrations of amyloidogenic casein proteins and is supersaturated with respect to crystalline calcium phosphates such as apatite. Nevertheless, the mammary gland normally remains unmineralized and free of amyloid. Unlike κ-casein, β- and αS-caseins are highly effective mineral chaperones that prevent ectopic and pathological calcification of the mammary gland. Milk invariably contains a mixture of two to five different caseins that act on each other as molecular chaperones. Instead of forming amyloid fibrils, several thousand caseins and hundreds of nanoclusters of amorphous calcium phosphate combine to form fuzzy complexes called casein micelles. To understand the biological functions of the casein micelle its structure needs to be understood better than at present. The location in micelles of the highly amyloidogenic κ-casein is disputed. In traditional hydrophobic colloid models, it, alone, forms a stabilizing surface coat that also determines the average size of the micelles. In the recent multivalent-binding model, κ-casein is present throughout the micelle, in intimate contact with the other caseins. To discriminate between these models, a range of biomimetic micelles was prepared using a fixed concentration of the mineral chaperone β-casein and nanoclusters of calcium phosphate, with variable concentrations of κ-casein. A biomimetic micelle was also prepared using a highly deuterated and in vivo phosphorylated recombinant β-casein with calcium phosphate and unlabelled κ-casein. Neutron and X-ray scattering experiments revealed that κ-casein is distributed throughout the micelle, in quantitative agreement with the multivalent-binding model but contrary to the hydrophobic colloid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared K. Raynes
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3031, Australia
- All G Foods, Waterloo, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jitendra Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Karyn L. Wilde
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - John A. Carver
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sharon M. Kelly
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Holt
- School of Molecular Biosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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3
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Curley AN, Petersen SV, Edie SM, Guo W. Biologically driven isotopic fractionations in bivalves: from palaeoenvironmental problem to palaeophysiological proxy. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1016-1032. [PMID: 36843233 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Traditional bulk stable isotope (δ18 O and δ13 C) and clumped isotope (Δ47 ) records from bivalve shells provide invaluable histories of Earth's local and global climate change. However, biologically driven isotopic fractionations (BioDIFs) can overprint primary environmental signals in the shell. Here, we explore how conventional measurements of δ18 O, δ13 C, and Δ47 in bivalve shells can be re-interpreted to investigate these physiological processes deliberately. Using intrashell Δ47 and δ18 O alignment as a proxy for equilibrium state, we separately examine fractionations and/or disequilibrium occurring in the two major stages of the biomineralisation process: the secretion of the extrapallial fluid (EPF) and the precipitation of shell material from the EPF. We measured δ18 O, δ13 C, and Δ47 in fossil shells representing five genera (Lahillia, Dozyia, Eselaevitrigonia, Nordenskjoldia, and Cucullaea) from the Maastrichtian age [66-69 million years ago (Ma)] López de Bertodano Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctica. Material was sampled from both the outer and inner shell layers (OSL and ISL, respectively), which precipitate from separate EPF reservoirs. We find consistent δ18 O values across the five taxa, indicating that the composition of the OSL can be a reliable palaeoclimate proxy. However, relative to the OSL baseline, ISLs of all taxa show BioDIFs in one or more isotopic parameters. We discuss/hypothesise potential origins of these BioDIFs by synthesising isotope systematics with the physiological processes underlying shell biomineralisation. We propose a generalised analytical and interpretive framework that maximises the amount of palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiological information that can be derived from the isotopic composition of fossil shell material, even in the presence of previously confounding 'vital effects'. Applying this framework in deep time can expand the utility of δ18 O, δ13 C, and Δ47 measurements from proxies of past environments to proxies for certain biomineralisation strategies across space, time, and phylogeny among Bivalvia and other calcifying organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Curley
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sierra V Petersen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stewart M Edie
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
| | - Weifu Guo
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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4
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Bañuelos JL, Borguet E, Brown GE, Cygan RT, DeYoreo JJ, Dove PM, Gaigeot MP, Geiger FM, Gibbs JM, Grassian VH, Ilgen AG, Jun YS, Kabengi N, Katz L, Kubicki JD, Lützenkirchen J, Putnis CV, Remsing RC, Rosso KM, Rother G, Sulpizi M, Villalobos M, Zhang H. Oxide- and Silicate-Water Interfaces and Their Roles in Technology and the Environment. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6413-6544. [PMID: 37186959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial reactions drive all elemental cycling on Earth and play pivotal roles in human activities such as agriculture, water purification, energy production and storage, environmental contaminant remediation, and nuclear waste repository management. The onset of the 21st century marked the beginning of a more detailed understanding of mineral aqueous interfaces enabled by advances in techniques that use tunable high-flux focused ultrafast laser and X-ray sources to provide near-atomic measurement resolution, as well as by nanofabrication approaches that enable transmission electron microscopy in a liquid cell. This leap into atomic- and nanometer-scale measurements has uncovered scale-dependent phenomena whose reaction thermodynamics, kinetics, and pathways deviate from previous observations made on larger systems. A second key advance is new experimental evidence for what scientists hypothesized but could not test previously, namely, interfacial chemical reactions are frequently driven by "anomalies" or "non-idealities" such as defects, nanoconfinement, and other nontypical chemical structures. Third, progress in computational chemistry has yielded new insights that allow a move beyond simple schematics, leading to a molecular model of these complex interfaces. In combination with surface-sensitive measurements, we have gained knowledge of the interfacial structure and dynamics, including the underlying solid surface and the immediately adjacent water and aqueous ions, enabling a better definition of what constitutes the oxide- and silicate-water interfaces. This critical review discusses how science progresses from understanding ideal solid-water interfaces to more realistic systems, focusing on accomplishments in the last 20 years and identifying challenges and future opportunities for the community to address. We anticipate that the next 20 years will focus on understanding and predicting dynamic transient and reactive structures over greater spatial and temporal ranges as well as systems of greater structural and chemical complexity. Closer collaborations of theoretical and experimental experts across disciplines will continue to be critical to achieving this great aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Leobardo Bañuelos
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Eric Borguet
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Gordon E Brown
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Randall T Cygan
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - James J DeYoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Patricia M Dove
- Department of Geosciences, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, CNRS, LAMBE UMR8587, 91025 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Franz M Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julianne M Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2Canada
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Anastasia G Ilgen
- Geochemistry Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Nadine Kabengi
- Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Lynn Katz
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James D Kubicki
- Department of Earth, Environmental & Resource Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Johannes Lützenkirchen
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung─INE, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institute for Mineralogy, University of Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Gernot Rother
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Marialore Sulpizi
- Department of Physics, Ruhr Universität Bochum, NB6, 65, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mario Villalobos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y del Suelo, LANGEM, Instituto De Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Huichun Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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5
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Mandera S, Coronado I, Fernández-Díaz L, Mazur M, Cruz JA, Januszewicz B, Fernández-Martínez E, Cózar P, Stolarski J. Earthworm granules: A model of non-classical biogenic calcium carbonate phase transformations. Acta Biomater 2023; 162:149-163. [PMID: 37001839 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Different non-classical crystallization mechanisms have been invoked to explain structural and compositional properties of biocrystals. The identification of precursor amorphous nanoparticle aggregation as an onset process in the formation of numerous biominerals (crystallization via particle attachment) constituted a most important breakthrough for understanding biologically mediated mineralization. A comprehensive understanding about how the attached amorphous particles transform into more stable, crystalline grains has yet to be elucidated. Here, we document structural, biogeochemical, and crystallographic aspects of the formation as well as the further phase transformations of the amorphous calcium carbonate particles formed by cultured specimens of earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. In-situ observations evidence the formation of proto-vaterite after dehydration of earthworm-produced ACC, which is subsequently followed by proto-vaterite transformation into calcite through nanoparticle attachment within the organic framework. In culture medium spiked with trace amounts of Mn2+, the cauliflower-like proto-vaterite structures become longer-lived than in the absence of Mn2+. We propose that the formation of calcite crystals takes place through a non-classical recrystallization path that involves migration of proto-vaterite nanoparticles to the crystallization site, and then, their transformation into calcite via a dissolution-recrystallization reaction. The latter is complemented by ion-by-ion crystal growth and associated with impurity release. These observations are integrated into a new model of the biocrystallization of earthworm-produced carbonate granules which highlights the sensibility of this process to environmental chemical changes, its potential impact on the bioavailability of contaminants as well as the threat that chemical pollution poses to the normal development of its early stages. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the mechanisms of nucleation, stabilization and aggregation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) and factors controlling its further transformation into crystalline phases is fundamental for elucidation of biogenic mineralization. Some species of earthworms are natural workbench to understand the biogenic ACC, stabilization and the transformation mechanisms, because they create millimeter-sized calcareous granules from amorphous calcium carbonate, which crystallize to a more stable mineral phase (mostly calcite). This study undergoes into the mechanisms of ACC stabilization by the incorporation of trace elements, as manganese, and the ulterior precipitation of calcareous granules by a coupled process of amorphous particle attachment and ion-by-ion growth. The study points to sensibility of this process to environmental chemical changes.
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6
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Mao LB, Meng YF, Meng XS, Yang B, Yang YL, Lu YJ, Yang ZY, Shang LM, Yu SH. Matrix-Directed Mineralization for Bulk Structural Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18175-18194. [PMID: 36162119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mineral-based bulk structural materials (MBSMs) are known for their long history and extensive range of usage. The inherent brittleness of minerals poses a major problem to the performance of MBSMs. To overcome this problem, design principles have been extracted from natural biominerals, in which the extraordinary mechanical performance is achieved via the hierarchical organization of minerals and organics. Nevertheless, precise and efficient fabrication of MBSMs with bioinspired hierarchical structures under mild conditions has long been a big challenge. This Perspective provides a panoramic view of an emerging fabrication strategy, matrix-directed mineralization, which imitates the in vivo growth of some biominerals. The advantages of the strategy are revealed by comparatively analyzing the conventional fabrication techniques of artificial hierarchically structured MBSMs and the biomineral growth processes. By introducing recent advances, we demonstrate that this strategy can be used to fabricate artificial MBSMs with hierarchical structures. Particular attention is paid to the mass transport and the precursors that are involved in the mineralization process. We hope this Perspective can provide some inspiring viewpoints on the importance of biomimetic mineralization in material fabrication and thereby spur the biomimetic fabrication of high-performance MBSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Mao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Feng Meng
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiang-Sen Meng
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Lu Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Jie Lu
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Mei Shang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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7
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Wagner A, Ezersky V, Maria R, Upcher A, Lemcoff T, Aflalo ED, Lubin Y, Palmer BA. The Non-Classical Crystallization Mechanism of a Composite Biogenic Guanine Crystal. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202242. [PMID: 35608485 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spectacular colors and visual phenomena in animals are produced by light interference from highly reflective guanine crystals. Little is known about how organisms regulate crystal morphology to tune the optics of these systems. By following guanine crystal formation in developing spiders, a crystallization mechanism is elucidated. Guanine crystallization is a "non-classical," multistep process involving a progressive ordering of states. Crystallization begins with nucleation of partially ordered nanogranules from a disordered precursor phase. Growth proceeds by orientated attachment of the nanogranules into platelets which coalesce into single crystals, via progressive relaxation of structural defects. Despite their prismatic morphology, the platelet texture is retained in the final crystals, which are composites of crystal lamellae and interlamellar sheets. Interactions between the macromolecular sheets and the planar face of guanine appear to direct nucleation, favoring platelet formation. These findings provide insights on how organisms control the morphology and optical properties of molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Vladimir Ezersky
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Raquel Maria
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Alexander Upcher
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Tali Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Eliahu D Aflalo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, Mobile Post Shikmim, Beer-Sheba, 79800, Israel
| | - Yael Lubin
- Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Southern Israel, 8499000, Israel
| | - Benjamin A Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
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8
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Dai H, Claret J, Kunkes EL, Vattipalli V, Linares N, Huang C, Fiji M, García-Martinez J, Moini A, Rimer JD. Accelerating the Crystallization of Zeolite SSZ-13 with Polyamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117742. [PMID: 35138688 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tailoring processes of nucleation and growth to achieve desired material properties is a pervasive challenge in synthetic crystallization. In systems where crystals form via nonclassical pathways, engineering materials often requires the controlled assembly and structural evolution of colloidal precursors. In this study, we examine zeolite SSZ-13 crystallization and show that several polyquaternary amines function as efficient accelerants of nucleation, and, in selected cases, tune crystal size by orders of magnitude. Among the additives tested, polydiallyldimethylammonium (PDDA) was found to have the most pronounced impact on the kinetics of SSZ-13 formation, leading to a 4-fold reduction in crystallization time. Our findings also reveal that enhanced nucleation occurs at an optimal PDDA concentration where a combination of light-scattering techniques demonstrate these conditions lead to polymer-induced aggregation of amorphous precursors and the promotion of (alumino)silicate precipitation from the growth solution. Here, we show that relatively low concentrations of polymer additives can be used in unique ways to dramatically enhance SSZ-13 crystallization rates, thereby improving the overall efficiency of zeolite synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Jakob Claret
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | | | | | - Noemi Linares
- Molecular Nanotechnology Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Chenfeng Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Muhammad Fiji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Javier García-Martinez
- Molecular Nanotechnology Lab, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Jeffrey D Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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9
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Dai H, Claret J, Kunkes EL, Vattipalli V, Linares N, Huang C, Fiji M, García‐Martinez J, Moini A, Rimer JD. Accelerating the Crystallization of Zeolite SSZ‐13 with Polyamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Jakob Claret
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
| | | | | | - Noemi Linares
- Molecular Nanotechnology Lab Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Alicante 03690 Alicante Spain
| | - Chenfeng Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Muhammad Fiji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Javier García‐Martinez
- Molecular Nanotechnology Lab Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Alicante 03690 Alicante Spain
| | | | - Jeffrey D. Rimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
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10
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Kahil K, Weiner S, Addadi L, Gal A. Ion Pathways in Biomineralization: Perspectives on Uptake, Transport, and Deposition of Calcium, Carbonate, and Phosphate. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21100-21112. [PMID: 34881565 PMCID: PMC8704196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Minerals are formed by organisms in all of the kingdoms of life. Mineral formation pathways all involve uptake of ions from the environment, transport of ions by cells, sometimes temporary storage, and ultimately deposition in or outside of the cells. Even though the details of how all this is achieved vary enormously, all pathways need to respect both the chemical limitations of ion manipulation, as well as the many "housekeeping" roles of ions in cell functioning. Here we provide a chemical perspective on the biological pathways of biomineralization. Our approach is to compare and contrast the ion pathways involving calcium, phosphate, and carbonate in three very different organisms: the enormously abundant unicellular marine coccolithophores, the well investigated sea urchin larval model for single crystal formation, and the complex pathways used by vertebrates to form their bones. The comparison highlights both common and unique processes. Significantly, phosphate is involved in regulating calcium carbonate deposition and carbonate is involved in regulating calcium phosphate deposition. One often overlooked commonality is that, from uptake to deposition, the solutions involved are usually supersaturated. This therefore requires not only avoiding mineral deposition where it is not needed but also exploiting this saturated state to produce unstable mineral precursors that can be conveniently stored, redissolved, and manipulated into diverse shapes and upon deposition transformed into more ordered and hence often functional final deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Kahil
- Department
of Chemical and Structural Biology and Department of Plant and Environmental
Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department
of Chemical and Structural Biology and Department of Plant and Environmental
Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department
of Chemical and Structural Biology and Department of Plant and Environmental
Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Gal
- Department
of Chemical and Structural Biology and Department of Plant and Environmental
Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
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11
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Intracellular nanoscale architecture as a master regulator of calcium carbonate crystallization in marine microalgae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025670118. [PMID: 34772804 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025670118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicellular marine microalgae are responsible for one of the largest carbon sinks on Earth. This is in part due to intracellular formation of calcium carbonate scales termed coccoliths. Traditionally, the influence of changing environmental conditions on this process has been estimated using poorly constrained analogies to crystallization mechanisms in bulk solution, yielding ambiguous predictions. Here, we elucidated the intracellular nanoscale environment of coccolith formation in the model species Pleurochrysis carterae using cryoelectron tomography. By visualizing cells at various stages of the crystallization process, we reconstructed a timeline of coccolith development. The three-dimensional data portray the native-state structural details of coccolith formation, uncovering the crystallization mechanism, and how it is spatially and temporally controlled. Most strikingly, the developing crystals are only tens of nanometers away from delimiting membranes, resulting in a highly confined volume for crystal growth. We calculate that the number of soluble ions that can be found in such a minute volume at any given time point is less than the number needed to allow the growth of a single atomic layer of the crystal and that the uptake of single protons can markedly affect nominal pH values. In such extreme confinement, the crystallization process is expected to depend primarily on the regulation of ion fluxes by the living cell, and nominal ion concentrations, such as pH, become the result, rather than a driver, of the crystallization process. These findings call for a new perspective on coccolith formation that does not rely exclusively on solution chemistry.
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12
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Zaquin T, Malik A, Drake JL, Putnam HM, Mass T. Evolution of Protein-Mediated Biomineralization in Scleractinian Corals. Front Genet 2021; 12:618517. [PMID: 33633782 PMCID: PMC7902050 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.618517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While recent strides have been made in understanding the biological process by which stony corals calcify, much remains to be revealed, including the ubiquity across taxa of specific biomolecules involved. Several proteins associated with this process have been identified through proteomic profiling of the skeletal organic matrix (SOM) extracted from three scleractinian species. However, the evolutionary history of this putative “biomineralization toolkit,” including the appearance of these proteins’ throughout metazoan evolution, remains to be resolved. Here we used a phylogenetic approach to examine the evolution of the known scleractinians’ SOM proteins across the Metazoa. Our analysis reveals an evolutionary process dominated by the co-option of genes that originated before the cnidarian diversification. Each one of the three species appears to express a unique set of the more ancient genes, representing the independent co-option of SOM proteins, as well as a substantial proportion of proteins that evolved independently. In addition, in some instances, the different species expressed multiple orthologous proteins sharing the same evolutionary history. Furthermore, the non-random clustering of multiple SOM proteins within scleractinian-specific branches suggests the conservation of protein function between distinct species for what we posit is part of the scleractinian “core biomineralization toolkit.” This “core set” contains proteins that are likely fundamental to the scleractinian biomineralization mechanism. From this analysis, we infer that the scleractinians’ ability to calcify was achieved primarily through multiple lineage-specific protein expansions, which resulted in a new functional role that was not present in the parent gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Zaquin
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Assaf Malik
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jeana L Drake
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hollie M Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Tali Mass
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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13
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Bhanderi K, Ghalsasi PS, Inoue K. Nonconventional driving force for selective oxidative C-C coupling reaction due to concurrent and curious formation of Ag 0. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1568. [PMID: 33452369 PMCID: PMC7811016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Is it possible to 'explore' metal's intrinsic property-a cohesive interaction-which naturally transform M0 into an aggregate or a particle or film for driving oxidative C-C bond formation? With this intention, reduction of [Ag(NH3)2]+ to Ag0 with concurrent oxidation of different phenols/naphthols to biphenyls was undertaken. The work is originated during careful observation of an undergraduate experiment-Tollens' test-where silver mirror film deposition takes place on the walls of borosilicate glass test tube. When the same reaction was carried out in polypropylene (plastic-Eppendorf) tube, we observed aggregation of Ag0 leading to floating Ag-particles but not silver film deposition. This prompted us to carry out challenging cross-coupling reaction by ONLY changing the surface of the reaction flask from glass to plastic to silicones. To our surprise, we observed good selective oxidative homo-coupling on Teflon surface while cross-coupling in Eppendorf vial. Thus, we propose that the formation of biphenyl is driven by the macroscopic growth of Ag0 into [Ag-particle] orchestrated by Ag…Ag cohesive interaction. To validate results, experiments were also performed on gram scale. More importantly, oxidation of β-naphthol carried out in quartz (chiral) tube which yielded slight enantioselective excess of BINOL. Details are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Bhanderi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Prasanna S Ghalsasi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
| | - Katsuya Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Chirality Research Center (CResCent), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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14
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Athanasiadou D, Carneiro KMM. DNA nanostructures as templates for biomineralization. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:93-108. [PMID: 37117611 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nature uses extracellular matrix scaffolds to organize biominerals into hierarchical structures over various length scales. This has inspired the design of biomimetic mineralization scaffolds, with DNA nanostructures being among the most promising. DNA nanotechnology makes use of molecular recognition to controllably give 1D, 2D and 3D nanostructures. The control we have over these structures makes them attractive templates for the synthesis of mineralized tissues, such as bones and teeth. In this Review, we first summarize recent work on the crystallization processes and structural features of biominerals on the nanoscale. We then describe self-assembled DNA nanostructures and come to the intersection of these two themes: recent applications of DNA templates in nanoscale biomineralization, a crucial process to regenerate mineralized tissues.
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15
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Wysokowski M, Zaslansky P, Ehrlich H. Macrobiomineralogy: Insights and Enigmas in Giant Whale Bones and Perspectives for Bioinspired Materials Science. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5357-5367. [PMID: 33320547 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The giant bones of whales (Cetacea) are the largest extant biomineral-based constructs known. The fact that such mammalian bones can grow up to 7 m long raises questions about differences and similarities to other smaller bones. Size and exposure to environmental stress are good reasons to suppose that an unexplored level of hierarchical organization may be present that is not needed in smaller bones. The existence of such a macroscopic naturally grown structure with poorly described mechanisms for biomineralization is an example of the many yet unexplored phenomena in living organisms. In this article, we describe key observations in macrobiomineralization and suggest that the large scale of biomineralization taking place in selected whale bones implies they may teach us fundamental principles of the chemistry, biology, and biomaterials science governing bone formation, from atomistic to the macrolevel. They are also associated with a very lipid rich environment on those bones. This has implications for bone development and damage sensing that has not yet been fully addressed. We propose that whale bone construction poses extreme requirements for inorganic material storage, mediated by biomacromolecules. Unlike extinct large mammals, cetaceans still live deep in large terrestrial water bodies following eons of adaptation. The nanocomposites from which the bones are made, comprising biomacromolecules and apatite nanocrystals, must therefore be well adapted to create the macroporous hierarchically structured architectures of the bones, with mechanical properties that match the loads imposed in vivo. This massive skeleton directly contributes to the survival of these largest mammals in the aquatic environments of Earth, with structural refinements being the result of 60 million years of evolution. We also believe that the concepts presented in this article highlight the beneficial uses of multidisciplinary and multiscale approaches to study the structural peculiarities of both organic and inorganic phases as well as mechanisms of biomineralization in highly specialized and evolutionarily conserved hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60965, Poland.,Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Strasse 3, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Strasse 3, Freiberg 09599, Germany
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16
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Structural Biology of Calcium Phosphate Nanoclusters Sequestered by Phosphoproteins. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biofluids that contain stable calcium phosphate nanoclusters sequestered by phosphopeptides make it possible for soft and hard tissues to co-exist in the same organism with relative ease. The stability diagram of a solution of nanocluster complexes shows how the minimum concentration of phosphopeptide needed for stability increases with pH. In the stable region, amorphous calcium phosphate cannot precipitate. Nevertheless, if the solution is brought into contact with hydroxyapatite, the crystalline phase will grow at the expense of the nanocluster complexes. The physico-chemical principles governing the formation, composition, size, structure, and stability of the complexes are described. Examples are given of complexes formed by casein, osteopontin, and recombinant phosphopeptides. Application of these principles and properties to blood serum, milk, urine, and resting saliva is described to show that under physiological conditions they are in the stable region of their stability diagram and so cannot cause soft tissue calcification. Stimulated saliva, however, is in the metastable region, consistent with its role in tooth remineralization. Destabilization of biofluids, with consequential ill-effects, can occur when there is a failure of homeostasis, such as an increase in pH without a balancing increase in the concentration of sequestering phosphopeptides.
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17
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Ben Shir I, Kababya S, Zax DB, Schmidt A. Resilient Intracrystalline Occlusions: A Solid-State NMR View of Local Structure as It Tunes Bulk Lattice Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13743-13755. [PMID: 32689791 PMCID: PMC7586327 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In many marine organisms, biomineralization-the crystallization of calcium-based ionic lattices-demonstrates how regulated processes optimize for diverse functions, often via incorporation of agents from the precipitation medium. We study a model system consisting of l-aspartic acid (Asp) which when added to the precipitation solution of calcium carbonate crystallizes the thermodynamically disfavored polymorph vaterite. Though vaterite is at best only kinetically stable, that stability is tunable, as vaterite grown with Asp at high concentration is both thermally and temporally stable, while vaterite grown at 10-fold lower Asp concentration, yet 2-fold less in the crystal, spontaneously transforms to calcite. Solid-state NMR shows that Asp is sparsely occluded within vaterite and calcite. CP-REDOR NMR reveals that each Asp is embedded in a perturbed occlusion shell of ∼8 disordered carbonates which bridge to the bulk. In both the as-deposited vaterites and the evolved calcite, the perturbed shell contains two sets of carbonate species distinguished by their proximity to the amine and identifiable based on 13C chemical shifts. The embedding shell and the occluded Asp act as an integral until which minimally rearranges even as the bulk undergoes extensive reorganization. The resilience of these occlusion units suggests that large Asp-free domains drive the vaterite to calcite transformation-which are retarded by the occlusion units, resulting in concentration-dependent lattice stability. Understanding the structure and properties of the occlusion unit, uniquely amenable to ssNMR, thus appears to be a key to explaining other macroscopic properties, such as hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Ben Shir
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Shifi Kababya
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - David B. Zax
- Department
of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Asher Schmidt
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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18
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Von Euw S, Azaïs T, Manichev V, Laurent G, Pehau-Arnaudet G, Rivers M, Murali N, Kelly DJ, Falkowski PG. Solid-State Phase Transformation and Self-Assembly of Amorphous Nanoparticles into Higher-Order Mineral Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12811-12825. [PMID: 32568532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Materials science has been informed by nonclassical pathways to crystallization, based on biological processes, about the fabrication of damage-tolerant composite materials. Various biomineralizing taxa, such as stony corals, deposit metastable, magnesium-rich, amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles that further assemble and transform into higher-order mineral structures. Here, we examine a similar process in abiogenic conditions using synthetic, amorphous calcium magnesium carbonate nanoparticles. Applying a combination of high-resolution imaging and in situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we reveal the underlying mechanism of the solid-state phase transformation of these amorphous nanoparticles into crystals under aqueous conditions. These amorphous nanoparticles are covered by a hydration shell of bound water molecules. Fast chemical exchanges occur: the hydrogens present within the nanoparticles exchange with the hydrogens from the surface-bound H2O molecules which, in turn, exchange with the hydrogens of the free H2O molecule of the surrounding aqueous medium. This cascade of chemical exchanges is associated with an enhanced mobility of the ions/molecules that compose the nanoparticles which, in turn, allow for their rearrangement into crystalline domains via solid-state transformation. Concurrently, the starting amorphous nanoparticles aggregate and form ordered mineral structures through crystal growth by particle attachment. Sphere-like aggregates and spindle-shaped structures were, respectively, formed from relatively high or low weights per volume of the same starting amorphous nanoparticles. These results offer promising prospects for exerting control over such a nonclassical pathway to crystallization to design mineral structures that could not be achieved through classical ion-by-ion growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Von Euw
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Thierry Azaïs
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Viacheslav Manichev
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Institute of Advanced Materials, Devices, and Nanotechnology, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Guillaume Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Pehau-Arnaudet
- UMR 3528 and UTech UBI, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Margarita Rivers
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Devices, and Nanotechnology, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Department of Physics, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Nagarajan Murali
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Paul G Falkowski
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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19
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García-Ruiz JM, van Zuilen MA, Bach W. Mineral self-organization on a lifeless planet. Phys Life Rev 2020; 34-35:62-82. [PMID: 32303465 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been experimentally demonstrated that, under alkaline conditions, silica is able to induce the formation of mineral self-assembled inorganic-inorganic composite materials similar in morphology, texture and nanostructure to the hybrid biomineral structures that, millions of years later, life was able to self-organize. These mineral self-organized structures (MISOS) have been also shown to work as effective catalysts for prebiotic chemical reactions and to easily create compartmentalization within the solutions where they form. We reason that, during the very earliest history of this planet, there was a geochemical scenario that inevitably led to the existence of a large-scale factory of simple and complex organic compounds, many of which were relevant to prebiotic chemistry. The factory was built on a silica-rich high-pH ocean and powered by two main factors: a) a quasi-infinite source of simple carbon molecules synthesized abiotically from reactions associated with serpentinization, or transported from meteorites and produced from their impact on that alkaline ocean, and b) the formation of self-organized silica-metal mineral composites that catalyze the condensation of simple molecules in a methane-rich reduced atmosphere. We discuss the plausibility of this geochemical scenario, review the details of the formation of MISOS and its catalytic properties and the transition towards a slightly alkaline to neutral ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel García-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Av. de las Palmeras 4, Armilla (Granada), Spain.
| | - Mark A van Zuilen
- Equipe Géomicrobiologie, Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Wolfgang Bach
- Geoscience Department and MARUM, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Str. 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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20
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Drake JL, Mass T, Stolarski J, Von Euw S, van de Schootbrugge B, Falkowski PG. How corals made rocks through the ages. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:31-53. [PMID: 31696576 PMCID: PMC6942544 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hard, or stony, corals make rocks that can, on geological time scales, lead to the formation of massive reefs in shallow tropical and subtropical seas. In both historical and contemporary oceans, reef-building corals retain information about the marine environment in their skeletons, which is an organic-inorganic composite material. The elemental and isotopic composition of their skeletons is frequently used to reconstruct the environmental history of Earth's oceans over time, including temperature, pH, and salinity. Interpretation of this information requires knowledge of how the organisms formed their skeletons. The basic mechanism of formation of calcium carbonate skeleton in stony corals has been studied for decades. While some researchers consider coral skeletons as mainly passive recorders of ocean conditions, it has become increasingly clear that biological processes play key roles in the biomineralization mechanism. Understanding the role of the animal in living stony coral biomineralization and how it evolved has profound implications for interpreting environmental signatures in fossil corals to understand past ocean conditions. Here we review historical hypotheses and discuss the present understanding of how corals evolved and how their skeletons changed over geological time. We specifically explain how biological processes, particularly those occurring at the subcellular level, critically control the formation of calcium carbonate structures. We examine the different models that address the current debate including the tissue-skeleton interface, skeletal organic matrix, and biomineralization pathways. Finally, we consider how understanding the biological control of coral biomineralization is critical to informing future models of coral vulnerability to inevitable global change, particularly increasing ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeana L Drake
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tali Mass
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Stanislas Von Euw
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Paul G Falkowski
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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21
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Growth of Nacre Biocrystals by Self-Assembly of Aragonite Nanoparticles with Novel Subhedral Morphology. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nacre has long served as a research model in the field of biomineralization and biomimetic materials. It is widely accepted that its basic components, aragonite biocrystals, namely, tablets, are formed by the nanoparticle-attachment pathway. However, the details of the nanoparticle morphology and arrangement in the tablets are still a matter of debate. Here, using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we observed the nanostructure of the growing tablets at different growth stages and found that: (1) the first detectable tablet looked like a rod; (2) tablets consisted of subhedral nanoparticles (i.e., partly bounded by crystal facets and partly by irregular non-crystal facets) that were made of aragonite single crystals with a width of 160–180 nm; and (3) these nanoparticles were ordered in orientation but disordered in position, resulting in unique subhedral and jigsaw-like patterns from the top and side views, respectively. In short, we directly observed the growth of nacre biocrystals by the self-assembly of aragonite nanoparticles with a novel subhedral morphology.
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22
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Laipnik R, Bissi V, Sun CY, Falini G, Gilbert PUPA, Mass T. Coral acid rich protein selects vaterite polymorph in vitro. J Struct Biol 2019; 209:107431. [PMID: 31811894 PMCID: PMC7058422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.107431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Corals and other biomineralizing organisms use proteins and other molecules to form different crystalline polymorphs and biomineral structures. In corals, it’s been suggested that proteins such as Coral Acid Rich Proteins (CARPs) play a major role in the polymorph selection of their calcium carbonate (CaCO3) aragonite exoskeleton. To date, four CARPs (1–4) have been characterized: each with a different amino acid composition and different temporal and spatial expression patterns during coral developmental stages. Interestingly, CARP3 is able to alter crystallization pathways in vitro, yet its function in this process remains enigmatic. To better understand the CARP3 function, we performed two independent in vitro CaCO3 polymorph selection experiments using purified recombinant CARP3 at different concentrations and at low or zero Mg2+ concentration. Our results show that, in the absence of Mg2+, CARP3 selects for the vaterite polymorph and inhibits calcite. However, in the presence of a low concentration of Mg2+ and CARP3 both Mg-calcite and vaterite are formed, with the relative amount of Mg-calcite increasing with CARP3 concentration. In all conditions, CARP3 did not select for the aragonite polymorph, which is the polymorph associated to CARP3 in vivo, even in the presence of Mg2+ (Mg:Ca molar ratio equal to 1). These results further emphasize the importance of Mg:Ca molar ratios similar to that in seawater (Mg:Ca equal to 5) and the activity of the biological system in a aragonite polymorph selection in coral skeleton formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra'anan Laipnik
- Marine Biology Department, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Veronica Bissi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Chang-Yu Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Pupa U P A Gilbert
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Departments of Chemistry, Materials Science and Engineering, and Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Tali Mass
- Marine Biology Department, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel.
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23
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Böhm CF, Harris J, Schodder PI, Wolf SE. Bioinspired Materials: From Living Systems to New Concepts in Materials Chemistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2117. [PMID: 31266158 PMCID: PMC6651889 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nature successfully employs inorganic solid-state materials (i.e., biominerals) and hierarchical composites as sensing elements, weapons, tools, and shelters. Optimized over hundreds of millions of years under evolutionary pressure, these materials are exceptionally well adapted to the specifications of the functions that they perform. As such, they serve today as an extensive library of engineering solutions. Key to their design is the interplay between components across length scales. This hierarchical design-a hallmark of biogenic materials-creates emergent functionality not present in the individual constituents and, moreover, confers a distinctly increased functional density, i.e., less material is needed to provide the same performance. The latter aspect is of special importance today, as climate change drives the need for the sustainable and energy-efficient production of materials. Made from mundane materials, these bioceramics act as blueprints for new concepts in the synthesis and morphosynthesis of multifunctional hierarchical materials under mild conditions. In this review, which also may serve as an introductory guide for those entering this field, we demonstrate how the pursuit of studying biomineralization transforms and enlarges our view on solid-state material design and synthesis, and how bioinspiration may allow us to overcome both conceptual and technical boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna F Böhm
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joe Harris
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp I Schodder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan E Wolf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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24
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Biomineralization Forming Process and Bio-inspired Nanomaterials for Biomedical Application: A Review. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is a process in which organic matter and inorganic matter combine with each other under the regulation of living organisms. Because of the biomineralization-induced super survivability and retentivity, biomineralization has attracted special attention from biologists, archaeologists, chemists, and materials scientists for its tracer and transformation effect in rock evolution study and nanomaterials synthesis. However, controlling the biomineralization process in vitro as precisely as intricate biology systems still remains a challenge. In this review, the regulating roles of temperature, pH, and organics in biominerals forming process were reviewed. The artificially introducing and utilization of biomineralization, the bio-inspired synthesis of nanomaterials, in biomedical fields was further discussed, mainly in five potential fields: drug and cell-therapy engineering, cancer/tumor target engineering, bone tissue engineering, and other advanced biomedical engineering. This review might help other interdisciplinary researchers to bionic-manufacture biominerals in molecular-level for developing more applications of biomineralization.
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Zhang G, Verdugo-Escamilla C, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, García-Ruiz JM. Thermal assisted self-organization of calcium carbonate. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5221. [PMID: 30523257 PMCID: PMC6283884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of mineral multi-textured architectures by self-organization is a formidable challenge for engineering. Current approaches follow a biomimetic route for hybrid materials based on the coupling of carbonate and organic compounds. We explore here the chemical coupling of silica and carbonate, leading to fabrication of inorganic-inorganic biomimetic structures known as silica-carbonate biomorphs. So far, biomorphic structures were restricted to orthorhombic barium, strontium, and calcium carbonate. We demonstrate that, monohydrocalcite a hydrous form of calcium carbonate with trigonal structure can also form biomorphic structures, thus showing biomorphic growth is not dictated by the carbonate crystal structure. We show that it is possible to control the growth regime, and therefore the texture and overall shape, by tuning the growth temperature, thereby shifting the textural pattern within the production of a given architecture. This finding opens a promising route to the fabrication of complex multi-textured self-organized material made of silica and chalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhang
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avenida de las Palmeras 4, E-18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Cristobal Verdugo-Escamilla
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avenida de las Palmeras 4, E-18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Duane Choquesillo-Lazarte
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avenida de las Palmeras 4, E-18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel García-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avenida de las Palmeras 4, E-18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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26
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Dauphin Y, Luquet G, Perez-Huerta A, Salomé M. Biomineralization in modern avian calcified eggshells: similarity versus diversity. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:67-73. [PMID: 29745812 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1430144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Avian eggshells are composed of several layers made of organic compounds and a mineral phase (calcite), and the general structure is basically the same in all species. A comparison of the structure, crystallography, and chemical composition shows that despite an overall similarity, each species has its own structure, crystallinity, and composition. Eggshells are a perfect example of the crystallographic versus biological concept of the formation and growth mechanisms of calcareous biominerals: the spherulitic-columnar structure is described as "a typical case of competitive crystal growth", but it is also said that the eggshell matrix components regulate eggshell mineralization. Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses show that the crystallinity differs between different species. Nevertheless, the three layers are composed of rounded granules, and neither facets nor angles are visible. In-situ analyses show the heterogeneous distribution of chemical elements throughout the thickness of single eggshell. The presence of organic matrices other than the outer and inner membranes in eggshells is confirmed by thermograms and infrared spectrometry, and the differences in quality and quantity depend on the species. Thus, as in other biocrystals, crystal growth competition is not enough to explain these differences, and there is a strong biological control of the eggshell secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannicke Dauphin
- a ISYEB: Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle , Paris , France
| | - Gilles Luquet
- b BOREA: Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 7208 CNRS MNHN UPMC UA UCN IRD 207, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle , Paris , France
| | - Alberto Perez-Huerta
- c Department of Geological Sciences , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , AL , USA
| | - Murielle Salomé
- d ID21, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Grenoble cedex 9 , France
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27
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Blueprints for the Next Generation of Bioinspired and Biomimetic Mineralised Composites for Bone Regeneration. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16080288. [PMID: 30127281 PMCID: PMC6117730 DOI: 10.3390/md16080288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccolithophores are unicellular marine phytoplankton, which produce intricate, tightly regulated, exoskeleton calcite structures. The formation of biogenic calcite occurs either intracellularly, forming ‘wheel-like’ calcite plates, or extracellularly, forming ‘tiled-like’ plates known as coccoliths. Secreted coccoliths then self-assemble into multiple layers to form the coccosphere, creating a protective wall around the organism. The cell wall hosts a variety of unique species-specific inorganic morphologies that cannot be replicated synthetically. Although biomineralisation has been extensively studied, it is still not fully understood. It is becoming more apparent that biologically controlled mineralisation is still an elusive goal. A key question to address is how nature goes from basic building blocks to the ultrafine, highly organised structures found in coccolithophores. A better understanding of coccolithophore biomineralisation will offer new insight into biomimetic and bioinspired synthesis of advanced, functionalised materials for bone tissue regeneration. The purpose of this review is to spark new interest in biomineralisation and gain new insight into coccolithophores from a material science perspective, drawing on existing knowledge from taxonomists, geologists, palaeontologists and phycologists.
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28
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Minerals in the pre-settled coral Stylophora pistillata crystallize via protein and ion changes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1880. [PMID: 29760444 PMCID: PMC5951882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aragonite skeletons in corals are key contributors to the storage of atmospheric CO2 worldwide. Hence, understanding coral biomineralization/calcification processes is crucial for evaluating and predicting the effect of environmental factors on this process. While coral biomineralization studies have focused on adult corals, the exact stage at which corals initiate mineralization remains enigmatic. Here, we show that minerals are first precipitated as amorphous calcium carbonate and small aragonite crystallites, in the pre-settled larva, which then evolve into the more mature aragonitic fibers characteristic of the stony coral skeleton. The process is accompanied by modulation of proteins and ions within these minerals. These findings may indicate an underlying bimodal regulation tactic adopted by the animal, with important ramification to its resilience or vulnerability toward a changing environment. Coral biomineralization is an important example of natural mineralization and understanding the process will aid biomineralization research. Here, the authors identify the precipitation of amorphous calcium carbonate and small aragonite crystals in pre-settled larva of Stylophora pistillata.
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29
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Kunitake JAMR, Choi S, Nguyen KX, Lee MM, He F, Sudilovsky D, Morris PG, Jochelson MS, Hudis CA, Muller DA, Fratzl P, Fischbach C, Masic A, Estroff LA. Correlative imaging reveals physiochemical heterogeneity of microcalcifications in human breast carcinomas. J Struct Biol 2018; 202:25-34. [PMID: 29221896 PMCID: PMC5835408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microcalcifications (MCs) are routinely used to detect breast cancer in mammography. Little is known, however, about their materials properties and associated organic matrix, or their correlation to breast cancer prognosis. We combine histopathology, Raman microscopy, and electron microscopy to image MCs within snap-frozen human breast tissue and generate micron-scale resolution correlative maps of crystalline phase, trace metals, particle morphology, and organic matrix chemical signatures within high grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive cancer. We reveal the heterogeneity of mineral-matrix pairings, including punctate apatitic particles (<2 µm) with associated trace elements (e.g., F, Na, and unexpectedly Al) distributed within the necrotic cores of DCIS, and both apatite and spheroidal whitlockite particles in invasive cancer within a matrix containing spectroscopic signatures of collagen, non-collagen proteins, cholesterol, carotenoids, and DNA. Among the three DCIS samples, we identify key similarities in MC morphology and distribution, supporting a dystrophic mineralization pathway. This multimodal methodology lays the groundwork for establishing MC heterogeneity in the context of breast cancer biology, and could dramatically improve current prognostic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie A M R Kunitake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Siyoung Choi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kayla X Nguyen
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Meredith M Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Frank He
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Daniel Sudilovsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cayuga Medical Center at Ithaca, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; Department of Pathology, Upstate Medical University, SUNY, Binghamton, NY 13904, USA
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maxine S Jochelson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Evelyn H. Lauder Breast and Imaging Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David A Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Potsdam-Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Admir Masic
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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30
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Athanasiadou D, Jiang W, Goldbaum D, Saleem A, Basu K, Pacella MS, Böhm CF, Chromik RR, Hincke MT, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Vali H, Wolf SE, Gray JJ, Bui KH, McKee MD. Nanostructure, osteopontin, and mechanical properties of calcitic avian eggshell. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar3219. [PMID: 29725615 PMCID: PMC5930395 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Avian (and formerly dinosaur) eggshells form a hard, protective biomineralized chamber for embryonic growth-an evolutionary strategy that has existed for hundreds of millions of years. We show in the calcitic chicken eggshell how the mineral and organic phases organize hierarchically across different length scales and how variation in nanostructure across the shell thickness modifies its hardness, elastic modulus, and dissolution properties. We also show that the nanostructure changes during egg incubation, weakening the shell for chick hatching. Nanostructure and increased hardness were reproduced in synthetic calcite crystals grown in the presence of the prominent eggshell protein osteopontin. These results demonstrate the contribution of nanostructure to avian eggshell formation, mechanical properties, and dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenge Jiang
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Dina Goldbaum
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Aroba Saleem
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Kaustuv Basu
- Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Michael S. Pacella
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Corinna F. Böhm
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Glass and Ceramics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Richard R. Chromik
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Maxwell T. Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | | | - Hojatollah Vali
- Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Stephan E. Wolf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Glass and Ceramics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Haberstrasse 9a, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jeffrey J. Gray
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Khanh Huy Bui
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Marc D. McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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31
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Lopez-Berganza JA, Song R, Elbanna A, Espinosa-Marzal RM. Calcium carbonate with nanogranular microstructure yields enhanced toughness. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16689-16699. [PMID: 29067387 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nanogranular microstructures is a widely reported feature of biominerals that form by classical and non-classical mineralization pathways. Inspired by nature, we have synthesized amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles with nanogranular microstructures, whose grain size is tuned by varying the polymer concentration. The response to indentation of single calcium carbonate nanoparticles proceeds via an intermittent stick-slip that reflects the characteristics of the nanogranular microstructure. A two-fold mechanism is thus proposed to enhance the toughness of the nanoparticles, namely nanogranular rearrangement and intergranular bridging by an organic phase and/or hydration. This work not only provides a synthesis route to design biologically inspired mineral nanoparticles with nanogranular structure, but also helps in understanding toughening mechanisms of biominerals arising from their nanoscale heterogeneity.
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32
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Harris J, Böhm CF, Wolf SE. Universal structure motifs in biominerals: a lesson from nature for the efficient design of bioinspired functional materials. Interface Focus 2017; 7:20160120. [PMID: 28630670 PMCID: PMC5474032 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2016.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biominerals are typically indispensable structures for their host organism in which they serve varying functions, such as mechanical support and protection, mineral storage, detoxification site, or as a sensor or optical guide. In this perspective article, we highlight the occurrence of both structural diversity and uniformity within these biogenic ceramics. For the first time, we demonstrate that the universality-diversity paradigm, which was initially introduced for proteins by Buehler et al. (Cranford & Buehler 2012 Biomateriomics; Cranford et al. 2013 Adv. Mater.25, 802-824 (doi:10.1002/adma.201202553); Ackbarow & Buehler 2008 J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci.5, 1193-1204 (doi:10.1166/jctn.2008.001); Buehler & Yung 2009 Nat. Mater.8, 175-188 (doi:10.1038/nmat2387)), is also valid in the realm of biomineralization. A nanogranular composite structure is shared by most biominerals which rests on a common, non-classical crystal growth mechanism. The nanogranular composite structure affects various properties of the macroscale biogenic ceramic, a phenomenon we attribute to emergence. Emergence, in turn, is typical for hierarchically organized materials. This is a clear call to renew comparative studies of even distantly related biomineralizing organisms to identify further universal design motifs and their associated emergent properties. Such universal motifs with emergent macro-scale properties may represent an unparalleled toolbox for the efficient design of bioinspired functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Harris
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Corinna F. Böhm
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan E. Wolf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstrasse 9a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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33
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Sun CY, Marcus MA, Frazier MJ, Giuffre AJ, Mass T, Gilbert PUPA. Spherulitic Growth of Coral Skeletons and Synthetic Aragonite: Nature's Three-Dimensional Printing. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6612-6622. [PMID: 28564539 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Coral skeletons were long assumed to have a spherulitic structure, that is, a radial distribution of acicular aragonite (CaCO3) crystals with their c-axes radiating from series of points, termed centers of calcification (CoCs). This assumption was based on morphology alone, not on crystallography. Here we measure the orientation of crystals and nanocrystals and confirm that corals grow their skeletons in bundles of aragonite crystals, with their c-axes and long axes oriented radially and at an angle from the CoCs, thus precisely as expected for feather-like or "plumose" spherulites. Furthermore, we find that in both synthetic and coral aragonite spherulites at the nanoscale adjacent crystals have similar but not identical orientations, thus demonstrating by direct observation that even at nanoscale the mechanism of spherulite formation is non-crystallographic branching (NCB), as predicted by theory. Finally, synthetic aragonite spherulites and coral skeletons have similar angle spreads, and angular distances of adjacent crystals, further confirming that coral skeletons are spherulites. This is important because aragonite grows anisotropically, 10 times faster along the c-axis than along the a-axis direction, and spherulites fill space with crystals growing almost exclusively along the c-axis, thus they can fill space faster than any other aragonite growth geometry, and create isotropic materials from anisotropic crystals. Greater space filling rate and isotropic mechanical behavior are key to the skeleton's supporting function and therefore to its evolutionary success. In this sense, spherulitic growth is Nature's 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew A Marcus
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | | | - Tali Mass
- Marine Biology Department, University of Haifa , Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
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34
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Ma X, Zhang S, Jiao F, Newcomb CJ, Zhang Y, Prakash A, Liao Z, Baer MD, Mundy CJ, Pfaendtner J, Noy A, Chen CL, De Yoreo JJ. Tuning crystallization pathways through sequence engineering of biomimetic polymers. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:767-774. [PMID: 28414316 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-step nucleation pathways in which disordered, amorphous, or dense liquid states precede the appearance of crystalline phases have been reported for a wide range of materials, but the dynamics of such pathways are poorly understood. Moreover, whether these pathways are general features of crystallizing systems or a consequence of system-specific structural details that select for direct versus two-step processes is unknown. Using atomic force microscopy to directly observe crystallization of sequence-defined polymers, we show that crystallization pathways are indeed sequence dependent. When a short hydrophobic region is added to a sequence that directly forms crystalline particles, crystallization instead follows a two-step pathway that begins with the creation of disordered clusters of 10-20 molecules and is characterized by highly non-linear crystallization kinetics in which clusters transform into ordered structures that then enter the growth phase. The results shed new light on non-classical crystallization mechanisms and have implications for the design of self-assembling polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Fang Jiao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Christina J Newcomb
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Arushi Prakash
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Zhihao Liao
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Marcel D Baer
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Christopher J Mundy
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - James Pfaendtner
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
- School of Natural Sciences University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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35
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Local pH oscillations witness autocatalytic self-organization of biomorphic nanostructures. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14427. [PMID: 28205549 PMCID: PMC5316880 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bottom-up self-assembly of simple molecular compounds is a prime pathway to complex materials with interesting structures and functions. Coupled reaction systems are known to spontaneously produce highly ordered patterns, so far observed in soft matter. Here we show that similar phenomena can occur during silica-carbonate crystallization, the emerging order being preserved. The resulting materials, called silica biomorphs, exhibit non-crystallographic curved morphologies and hierarchical textures, much reminiscent of structural principles found in natural biominerals. We have used a fluorescent chemosensor to probe local conditions during the growth of such self-organized nanostructures. We demonstrate that the pH oscillates in the local microenvironment near the growth front due to chemical coupling, which becomes manifest in the final mineralized architectures as intrinsic banding patterns with the same periodicity. A better understanding of dynamic autocatalytic crystallization processes in such simple model systems is key to the rational development of advanced materials and to unravel the mechanisms of biomineralization.
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36
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Zhang G, Morales J, García-Ruiz JM. Growth behaviour of silica/carbonate nanocrystalline composites of calcite and aragonite. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1658-1663. [PMID: 32263938 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02612e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The precipitation of barium and strontium carbonate in alkaline silica gels or silica solutions produces nanocrystalline self-assembled composite materials displaying biomimetic shapes and textures. We have crystallized concomitantly in time and space two anhydrous polymorphs of calcium carbonate, under similar conditions at different temperatures. The orthorhombic phase aragonite produces nanocrystalline aggregates exhibiting non-crystallographic morphologies and complex textures characteristic of silica biomorphs. Conversely, the simultaneously forming trigonal phase, calcite, yields rhombohedral crystals that experience fibrous growth and that maintain memory of the point symmetry group of the crystalline structure. Experiments performed at different temperatures (room temperature, 45, 60 and 80 °C) revealed that the higher the temperature the higher the aragonite/calcite precipitation ratio, but the crystallization of calcite was never fully inhibited. We have studied the growth mechanism, the growth texture and the morphogenesis for both cases. We have found that the dramatic difference between the crystallization behaviours of the two mineral phases is due to the difference in the growth mechanism at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhang
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avenida de las Palmeras 4, E-18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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37
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Savytskii D, Jain H, Tamura N, Dierolf V. Rotating lattice single crystal architecture on the surface of glass. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36449. [PMID: 27808168 PMCID: PMC5093585 DOI: 10.1038/srep36449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Defying the requirements of translational periodicity in 3D, rotation of the lattice orientation within an otherwise single crystal provides a new form of solid. Such rotating lattice single (RLS) crystals are found, but only as spherulitic grains too small for systematic characterization or practical application. Here we report a novel approach to fabricate RLS crystal lines and 2D layers of unlimited dimensions via a recently discovered solid-to-solid conversion process using a laser to heat a glass to its crystallization temperature but keeping it below the melting temperature. The proof-of-concept including key characteristics of RLS crystals is demonstrated using the example of Sb2S3 crystals within the Sb-S-I model glass system for which the rotation rate depends on the direction of laser scanning relative to the orientation of initially formed seed. Lattice rotation in this new mode of crystal growth occurs upon crystallization through a well-organized dislocation/disclination structure introduced at the glass/crystal interface. Implications of RLS growth on biomineralization and spherulitic crystal growth are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Savytskii
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - H Jain
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - N Tamura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - V Dierolf
- Physics Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
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38
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Wolf SE, Böhm CF, Harris J, Demmert B, Jacob DE, Mondeshki M, Ruiz-Agudo E, Rodríguez-Navarro C. Nonclassical crystallization in vivo et in vitro (I): Process-structure-property relationships of nanogranular biominerals. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:244-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Rodríguez-Navarro C, Ruiz-Agudo E, Harris J, Wolf SE. Nonclassical crystallization in vivo et in vitro (II): Nanogranular features in biomimetic minerals disclose a general colloid-mediated crystal growth mechanism. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:260-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Tertuliano OA, Greer JR. The nanocomposite nature of bone drives its strength and damage resistance. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:1195-1202. [PMID: 27500809 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In human bone, an amorphous mineral serves as a precursor to the formation of a highly substituted nanocrystalline apatite. However, the precise role of this amorphous mineral remains unknown. Here, we show by using transmission electron microscopy that 100-300 nm amorphous calcium phosphate regions are present in the disordered phase of trabecular bone. Nanomechanical experiments on cylindrical samples, with diameters between 250 nm and 3,000 nm, of the bone's ordered and disordered phases revealed a transition from plastic deformation to brittle failure and at least a factor-of-2 higher strength in the smaller samples. We postulate that this transition in failure mechanism is caused by the suppression of extrafibrillar shearing in the smaller samples, and that the emergent smaller-is-stronger size effect is related to the sample-size scaling of the distribution of flaws. Our findings should help in the understanding of the multi-scale nature of bone and provide insights into the biomineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottman A Tertuliano
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Julia R Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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41
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Gaspard D, Nouet J. Hierarchical architecture of the inner layers of selected extant rhynchonelliform brachiopods. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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42
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Zhu G, Yao S, Zhai H, Liu Z, Li Y, Pan H, Tang R. Evolution from Classical to Non-classical Aggregation-Based Crystal Growth of Calcite by Organic Additive Control. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:8999-9004. [PMID: 27519793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-based crystal growth is distinct from the classical understanding of solution crystallization. In this study, we reveal that N-stearoyl-l-glutamic acid (C18-Glu, an amphiphile that mimics a biomineralization-relevant biomolecule) can switch calcite crystallization from a classical ion-by-ion growth to a non-classical particle-by-particle pathway, which combines the classical and non-classical crystallization in one system. This growth mechanism change is controlled by the concentration ratio of [C18-Glu]/[Ca(2+)] in solution. The high [C18-Glu]/[Ca(2+)] can stabilize precursor nanoparticles to provide building blocks for aggregation-based crystallization, in which the interaction between C18-Glu and the nanoprecursor phase rather than that of C18-Glu on calcite steps is highlighted. Our finding emphasizes the enrollment of organic additives on metastable nano building blocks, which provides an alternative understanding about organic control in inorganic crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genxing Zhu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry and §Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Yao
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry and §Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Halei Zhai
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry and §Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry and §Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Li
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry and §Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihua Pan
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry and §Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry and §Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People's Republic of China
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43
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Şen EH, Ide S, Bayari SH, Hill M. Micro- and nano-structural characterization of six marine sponges of the class Demospongiae. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2016; 45:831-842. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Weber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion−Israel Institute of Technology; 32000 Haifa Israel
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials; 66123 Saarbruecken Germany
| | - Andreas Verch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials; 66123 Saarbruecken Germany
| | - Davide Levy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion−Israel Institute of Technology; 32000 Haifa Israel
| | - Andy N. Fitch
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility; B.P. 220 38043 Grenoble Cedex France
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute; Technion−Israel Institute of Technology; 32000 Haifa Israel
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45
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Nanoscale assembly processes revealed in the nacroprismatic transition zone of Pinna nobilis mollusc shells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10097. [PMID: 26631940 PMCID: PMC4686775 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intricate biomineralization processes in molluscs engineer hierarchical structures with meso-, nano- and atomic architectures that give the final composite material exceptional mechanical strength and optical iridescence on the macroscale. This multiscale biological assembly inspires new synthetic routes to complex materials. Our investigation of the prism–nacre interface reveals nanoscale details governing the onset of nacre formation using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. A wedge-polishing technique provides unprecedented, large-area specimens required to span the entire interface. Within this region, we find a transition from nanofibrillar aggregation to irregular early-nacre layers, to well-ordered mature nacre suggesting the assembly process is driven by aggregation of nanoparticles (∼50–80 nm) within an organic matrix that arrange in fibre-like polycrystalline configurations. The particle number increases successively and, when critical packing is reached, they merge into early-nacre platelets. These results give new insights into nacre formation and particle-accretion mechanisms that may be common to many calcareous biominerals. The study of biomineralization processes in molluscs can help to understand the properties of the final composites. Here, Hovden et al. have studied the early stages of nacre formation using high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, giving new insight into nacre formation.
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46
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Pérez-Huerta A, Dauphin Y. Comparison of the structure, crystallography and composition of eggshells of the guinea fowl and graylag goose. ZOOLOGY 2015; 119:52-63. [PMID: 26711013 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure and composition of the eggshells of two commercial species (guinea fowl and greylag goose) have been studied. Thin sections and scanning electron microcopy show the similarity of the overall structure, but the relative thickness of the layers differs in these two taxa. Atomic force microscopy shows that the different layers are composed of rounded, heterogeneous granules, the diameter of which is between 50 and 100 nm, with a thin cortex. Infrared data and thermogravimetric analyses show that both eggshells are made of calcite, but differing on the quality and quantity when the organic component is considered. Chemical maps show that chemical element distribution is not uniform within a sample, and differs between the species, but with low magnesium content. Electron back scattered diffraction confirms the eggshells are calcite, but the microtexture strongly differs between the two species. Based on the chemical-structural differences, a species-specific biological control on the biomineralization is found, despite the rapid formation of an eggshell. Overall results indicate that to estimate the quality of eggshells, such as resistance to breakage, is not a straightforward process because of the high complexity of avian eggshell biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pérez-Huerta
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yannicke Dauphin
- UFR TEB, Université P. & M. Curie, case 104, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
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47
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DeVol RT, Sun CY, Marcus MA, Coppersmith SN, Myneni SCB, Gilbert PU. Nanoscale Transforming Mineral Phases in Fresh Nacre. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13325-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross T. DeVol
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chang-Yu Sun
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew A. Marcus
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron
Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Susan N. Coppersmith
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Satish C. B. Myneni
- Department
of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Pupa U.P.A. Gilbert
- Department
of Physics, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Radcliffe
Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, 8 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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48
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Falini G, Fermani S, Goffredo S. Coral biomineralization: A focus on intra-skeletal organic matrix and calcification. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 46:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Kumar M, Luo H, Román-Leshkov Y, Rimer JD. SSZ-13 Crystallization by Particle Attachment and Deterministic Pathways to Crystal Size Control. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13007-17. [PMID: 26376337 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many synthetic and natural crystalline materials are either known or postulated to grow via nonclassical pathways involving the initial self-assembly of precursors that serve as putative growth units for crystallization. Elucidating the pathway(s) by which precursors attach to crystal surfaces and structurally rearrange (postattachment) to incorporate into the underlying crystalline lattice is an active and expanding area of research comprising many unanswered fundamental questions. Here, we examine the crystallization of SSZ-13, which is an aluminosilicate zeolite that possesses exceptional physicochemical properties for applications in separations and catalysis (e.g., methanol upgrading to chemicals and the environmental remediation of NO(x)). We show that SSZ-13 grows by two concerted mechanisms: nonclassical growth involving the attachment of amorphous aluminosilicate particles to crystal surfaces and classical layer-by-layer growth via the incorporation of molecules to advancing steps on the crystal surface. A facile, commercially viable method of tailoring SSZ-13 crystal size and morphology is introduced wherein growth modifiers are used to mediate precursor aggregation and attachment to crystal surfaces. We demonstrate that small quantities of polymers can be used to tune crystal size over 3 orders of magnitude (0.1-20 μm), alter crystal shape, and introduce mesoporosity. Given the ubiquitous presence of amorphous precursors in a wide variety of microporous crystals, insight of the SSZ-13 growth mechanism may prove to be broadly applicable to other materials. Moreover, the ability to selectively tailor the physical properties of SSZ-13 crystals through molecular design offers new routes to optimize their performance in a wide range of commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjesh Kumar
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Helen Luo
- Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Rimer
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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50
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Addadi L, Gal A, Faivre D, Scheffel A, Weiner S. Control of Biogenic Nanocrystal Formation in Biomineralization. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201500038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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