1
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Badri Z, Foroutan-Nejad C. On the aromaticity of actinide compounds. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-024-00617-y. [PMID: 38907002 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The chemistry of actinides has flourished since the late 2010s with the synthesis of new actinide complexes and clusters. On the theoretical side, a range of tools is available for the characterization of these heavy element-containing compounds, but discrepancies in the assessment of aromaticity using different tools have led to controversies. In this Perspective, we examine the origin of controversies relating to the aromaticity of metallic compounds, with a focus on actinides. The aromaticity of actinides is important, not because these molecules are numerous or have a special role in catalysis or reactivity, but because this topic pushes theories of aromaticity to their limits. Owing to its reference independence, the magnetic criterion of aromaticity has been the most popular choice for the characterization of the aromaticity of metallic compounds, including actinide compounds. Through examination of several case studies, we show why this criterion might be misleading for metallic species and explain how findings relating to actinide compounds could reshape theories of aromaticity, not just for actinides but perhaps also for well-known hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Badri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Li J, Li K, Wu L, Wang H. Synthesis and Characterization of an All-Germanium Analogue of Cyclobutane-1,3-diyl. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14386-14390. [PMID: 38747544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A tetragermacyclobutane-1,3-diyl was prepared and structurally characterized via the reduction of chlorogermylene-coordinated germylgermylene with potassium graphite, which represents the first all-germanium analogue of cyclobutane-1,3-diyl. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of the tetragermacyclobutane-1,3-diyl disclosed that it adopts a planar-cis structure, which is different from those reported all-silicon cyclobutane-1,3-diyls. DFT calculations revealed that both the bulky substituents on the germanium atoms and the tethering of the amido groups are important for the planar cis-configuration of 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interfaces Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interfaces Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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3
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Shu CC, Szczepanik DW, Muñoz-Castro A, Solà M, Sun ZM. [K 2(Bi@Pd 12@Bi 20)] 4-: An Endohedral Inorganic Fullerene with Spherical Aromaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14166-14173. [PMID: 38717077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic fullerene clusters have attracted widespread attention due to their highly symmetrical geometric structures and intrinsic electronic properties. However, cage-like clusters composed of heavy metal elements with high symmetry are rarely reported, and their synthesis is also highly challenging. In this study, we present the synthesis of a [K2(Bi@Pd12@Bi20)]4- cluster that incorporates a {Bi20} cage with pseudo-Ih symmetry, making it the largest main group metal cluster compound composed of the bismuth element to date. Magnetic characterization and theoretical calculations suggest that the spin state of the overall cluster is a quartet. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that the [Bi20]3- cluster has a similar electronic configuration to C606- and the [Bi@Pd12@Bi20]6- cluster exhibits a unique open-shell aromatic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- K. Guminski Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa, 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Zhong-Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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4
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Preethalayam P, Roldao JC, Castet F, Casanova D, Radenković S, Ottosson H. 3,4-Dimethylenecyclobutene: A Building Block for Design of Macrocycles with Excited State Aromatic Low-Lying High-Spin States. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303549. [PMID: 38433097 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
3,4-Dimethylenecyclobutene (DMCB) is an unusual isomer of benzene. Motivated by recent synthetic progress to substituted derivatives of this scaffold, we carried out a theoretical and computational analysis with a particular focus on the extent of (anti)aromatic character in the lowest excited states of different multiplicities. We found that the parent DMCB is non-aromatic in its singlet ground state (S0), lowest triplet state (T1), and lowest singlet excited state (S1), while it is aromatic in its lowest quintet state (Q1) as this state is represented by a triplet multiplicity cyclobutadiene (CBD) ring and two uncoupled same-spin methylene radicals. Interestingly, the Q1 state, despite having four unpaired electrons, is placed merely 4.8 eV above S0, and there is a corresponding singlet tetraradical 0.16 eV above. The DMCB is potentially a highly useful structural motif for the design of larger molecular entities with interesting optoelectronic properties. Here, we designed macrocycles composed of fused DMCB units, and according to our computations, two of these have low-lying nonet states (i. e., octaradical states) at energies merely 2.40 and 0.37 eV above their S0 states as a result of local Hückel- and Baird-aromatic character of individual 6π- and 4π-electron monocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Carlos Roldao
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex, Talence, France
| | - Frédéric Castet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33405 Cedex, Talence, France
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Slavko Radenković
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, P. O. Box 60, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Cai L, Xu B, Cheng J, Cong F, Riedel S, Wang X. N 2 cleavage by silylene and formation of H 2Si(μ-N) 2SiH 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3848. [PMID: 38719794 PMCID: PMC11078988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fixation and functionalisation of N2 by main-group elements has remained scarce. Herein, we report a fixation and cleavage of the N ≡ N triple bond achieved in a dinitrogen (N2) matrix by the reaction of hydrogen and laser-ablated silicon atoms. The four-membered heterocycle H2Si(μ-N)2SiH2, the H2SiNN(H2) and HNSiNH complexes are characterized by infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum-chemical calculations. The synergistic interaction of the two SiH2 moieties with N2 results in the formation of final product H2Si(μ-N)2SiH2, and theoretical calculations reveal the donation of electron density of Si to π* antibonding orbitals and the removal of electron density from the π bonding orbitals of N2, leading to cleave the non-polar and strong NN triple bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Cai
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Juanjuan Cheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fei Cong
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34-36, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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6
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Chen J, Schwaller P. Molecular hypergraph neural networks. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144307. [PMID: 38597317 DOI: 10.1063/5.0193557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated promising performance across various chemistry-related tasks. However, conventional graphs only model the pairwise connectivity in molecules, failing to adequately represent higher order connections, such as multi-center bonds and conjugated structures. To tackle this challenge, we introduce molecular hypergraphs and propose Molecular Hypergraph Neural Networks (MHNNs) to predict the optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors, where hyperedges represent conjugated structures. A general algorithm is designed for irregular high-order connections, which can efficiently operate on molecular hypergraphs with hyperedges of various orders. The results show that MHNN outperforms all baseline models on most tasks of organic photovoltaic, OCELOT chromophore v1, and PCQM4Mv2 datasets. Notably, MHNN achieves this without any 3D geometric information, surpassing the baseline model that utilizes atom positions. Moreover, MHNN achieves better performance than pretrained GNNs under limited training data, underscoring its excellent data efficiency. This work provides a new strategy for more general molecular representations and property prediction tasks related to high-order connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwu Chen
- Laboratory of Artificial Chemical Intelligence (LIAC), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Schwaller
- Laboratory of Artificial Chemical Intelligence (LIAC), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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He H, Lee J, Zong Z, Kim J, Lynch VM, Oh J, Kim D, Sessler JL, Ke XS. A Janus carbaporphyrin pseudo-dimer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2913. [PMID: 38575609 PMCID: PMC10994945 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbaporphyrin dimers, investigated for their distinctive electronic structures and exceptional properties, have predominantly consisted of systems containing identical subunits. This study addresses the associated knowledge gap by focusing on asymmetric carbaporphyrin dimers with Janus-like characteristics. The synthesis of a Janus-type carbaporphyrin pseudo-dimer 5 is presented. It displays antiaromatic characteristics on the fused side and nonaromatic behavior on the unfused side. A newly synthesized tetraphenylene (TPE) linked bis-dibenzihomoporphyrin 8 and a previously reported dibenzo[g,p]chrysene (DBC) linked bis-dicarbacorrole 9 were prepared as controls. Comprehensive analyses, including 1H NMR spectral studies, single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and DFT calculations, validate the mixed character of 5. A further feature of the Janus pseudo-dimer 5 is that it may be transformed into a heterometallic complex, with one side coordinating a Cu(III) center and the other stabilizing a BODIPY complex. This disparate regiochemical reactivity underscores the potential of carbaporphyrin dimers as versatile frameworks, with electronic features and site-specific coordination chemistry controlled through asymmetry. These findings position carbaporphyrin dimers as promising candidates for advances in electronic structure studies, coordination chemistry, materials science, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodan He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- School of Integrated Technology, College of Computing, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Zhaohui Zong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiwon Kim
- School of Integrated Technology, College of Computing, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
- Integrated Science and Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Korea
| | - Vincent M Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Korea.
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Xian-Sheng Ke
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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8
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Ruan K, Lu Z, Rao R, Liu JJ, Chen D, Xia H. Craig-Hückel Hybrid Aromatic Metalla-dehydro[11]annulenes Constructed by a Formal [10+1] Cycloaddition Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316885. [PMID: 38135661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic metalla-annulenes are important aromatic compounds, research into which has been mainly concentrated on metal-benzenes and their lower homologues. Reports on their superior homologs are rare, and this has greatly limited the systematic study of their properties. In this work, a series of osma-dehydro[11]annulenes with good air and thermal stability were prepared in high yields through a simple [10+1] strategy, by incorporating a metal fragment into conjugated ten-carbon chains in a one-pot reaction. They are the first monometallic aromatic metalla-[n]annulenes with the ring size larger than 6, and their Craig-Hückel hybrid aromaticity is supported by various physical and computational parameters. Besides, these complexes show versatile reactivities, not only giving further evidence for their aromaticity, but also demonstrating their physical and chemical properties can easily be regulated. This work enriches the metalla-aromatic chemistry, and provides a new avenue for the synthesis of large metalla-annulenes with different ring sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ren Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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9
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Wieczorkiewicz PA, Shahamirian M, Kupka T, Makieieva N, Krygowski TM, Szatylowicz H. Unraveling the Push-Pull Effect in Acenes, Polyenes and Polyynes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303207. [PMID: 37955341 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Substituent effects (SEs) are fundamental for predicting molecular reactivity, while polyene, polyyne and acene derivatives are precursors to compounds with diverse applications. Computations were performed for Y-R-X systems, where reaction sites Y=NO2 and O- , substituents X=NO2 , CN, Cl, H, OH, NH2 , and spacers R=polyene, polyyne (n=1-5, 10 repeating units) and acene (up to tetracene). The cSAR (charge of the substituent active region) approach allowed to present, for the first time, quantitative relations describing the spacer's electron-donating and withdrawing properties as a function of n and the spacer type. The electronic properties of the X substituents depend on the type of spacer, its length and the Y group, which is an example of the reverse SE. To describe how the SE between Y and X weakens with n, two approaches were compared: cSAR and SESE (SE stabilization energy). The EDDB (electron density of delocalized bonds) characterize changes in electron delocalization in spacers due to the SE. A new approach - EDDB differential maps - allow to extract the effect of X substitution on the electron delocalization. The charges at spacer's C atoms correlate with cSAR; changes in the slopes confirm the charge transfer by resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł A Wieczorkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mozhgan Shahamirian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sarvestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, 73451-173, Sarvestan, Iran
| | - Teobald Kupka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Natalina Makieieva
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Tadeusz M Krygowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Halina Szatylowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Aleksić J, Stojanović M. Theoretical investigation of tautomerism of 2- and 4-pyridones: origin, substituent and solvent effects. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 22:144-158. [PMID: 38051113 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01588b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Computational investigation at the BHandHLYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory of the gas-phase tautomerism of 2- and 4-pyridones confirmed the slight prevalence of lactim in the case of the former, but its dominance in the case of the latter, as shown previously. Examination of aromaticity by using HOMA, EDDB, NBOdel, NICS and AICD led to the conclusion that tautomerization of 4-pyridone results in greater aromaticity gain. It is also driven by the Pauli repulsion relief, which was revealed by the tautomerization energy decomposition analysis. By contrast, in the case of 2-pyridone, lactim is favoured by orbital and electrostatic interactions and disfavoured by the Pauli repulsion. Aromaticity gain in this case is smaller. The position of the tautomeric equilibrium can be modulated by substituent inductive effects (Cl and F), inductive and resonance effects (NH2 and NO2), hydrogen bonding (NO2), and medium polarity, the increase of which increases lactam population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P. O. Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jovana Aleksić
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - Center for Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, P. O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - Center for Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, P. O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Nakanishi K, Lugo-Fuentes LI, Manabe J, Guo R, Kikkawa S, Yamazoe S, Komaguchi K, Kume S, Szczepanik DW, Solà M, Jimenez-Halla JOC, Nishihara S, Kubo K, Nakamoto M, Yamamoto Y, Mizuta T, Shang R. Redox Activity of Ir III Complexes with Multidentate Ligands Based on Dipyrido-Annulated N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Access to High Valent and High Spin State with Carbon Donors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302303. [PMID: 37553318 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic strategies to access high-valent iridium complexes usually require use of π donating ligands bearing electronegative atoms (e. g. amide or oxide) or σ donating electropositive atoms (e. g. boryl or hydride). Besides the η5 -(methyl)cyclopentadienyl derivatives, high-valent η1 carbon-ligated iridium complexes are challenging to synthesize. To meet this challenge, this work reports the oxidation behavior of an all-carbon-ligated anionic bis(CCC-pincer) IrIII complex. Being both σ and π donating, the diaryl dipyrido-annulated N-heterocyclic carbene (dpa-NHC) IrIII complex allowed a stepwise 4e- oxidation sequence. The first 2e- oxidation led to an oxidative coupling of two adjacent aryl groups, resulting in formation of a cationic chiral IrIII complex bearing a CCCC-tetradentate ligand. A further 2e- oxidation allowed isolation of a high-valent tricationic complex with a triplet ground state. These results close a synthetic gap for carbon-ligated iridium complexes and demonstrate the electronic tuning potential of organic π ligands for unusual electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Leonardo I Lugo-Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Jun Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ronghao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Soichi Kikkawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kenji Komaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Shoko Kume
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- K. Guminski Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa, 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Oscar C Jimenez-Halla
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus Gto, Noria Alta s/n, 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Sadafumi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizuta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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12
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Deng Q, Zhu J. Adaptive σ aromaticity in the rhenacyclopropene rings. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:2294-2301. [PMID: 37466308 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Species generally exhibit one-state aromaticity either in the lowest singlet state (S0 ) or the lowest triplet state (T1 ) according to the Hückel's and Baird's rules. Hence, it is rare for species exhibit two-state aromaticity in both the S0 and T1 states (termed as adaptive aromaticity), let alone adaptive σ aromaticity. Here, we report adaptive σ aromaticity in unsaturated rhenacyclopropene rings via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Various aromaticity indices including NICS, ACID, EDDB together with isodesmic reactions support the adaptive σ aromaticity in these rhenacyclopropene rings. As the T1 state of these species is formed by the ππ* excitation, the σ-aromaticity of these three-membered rings in the S0 state could hold in the T1 state. In addition, the aromaticity effect of the fused rings is also examined. Our findings expand the family of adaptive σ aromaticity, enriching the metallaaromatic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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13
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Wieczorkiewicz PA, Zborowski KK, Krygowski TM, Szatylowicz H. Substituent Effect versus Aromaticity─A Curious Case of Fulvene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14775-14780. [PMID: 37773323 PMCID: PMC10594647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
A computational study on amino- and nitro-substituted penta- and heptafulvenes reveals the interplay between the aromaticity and the substituent effect (SE). Ring substitution alone has little influence on the aromaticity, but in combination with an exo substituent of opposite properties, it substantially enhances the cyclic π-electron delocalization. Despite the SE being stronger for β substitution, only γ substitution leads to higher aromaticity. An explanation is provided by the electron density of delocalized bonds (EDDB) method, which proves to be a valuable tool in analyzing both cyclic delocalization and the SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel A. Wieczorkiewicz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
| | - Krzysztof K. Zborowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in
Kraków, Gronostajowa
2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Tadeusz M. Krygowski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Halina Szatylowicz
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
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14
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Poater J, Escayola S, Poater A, Teixidor F, Ottosson H, Viñas C, Solà M. Single─Not Double─3D-Aromaticity in an Oxidized Closo Icosahedral Dodecaiodo-Dodecaborate Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22527-22538. [PMID: 37728951 PMCID: PMC10591335 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
3D-aromatic molecules with (distorted) tetrahedral, octahedral, or spherical structures are much less common than typical 2D-aromatic species or even 2D-aromatic-in-3D systems. Closo boranes, [BnHn]2- (5 ≤ n ≤ 14) and carboranes are examples of compounds that are singly 3D-aromatic, and we now explore if there are species that are doubly 3D-aromatic. The most widely known example of a species with double 2D-aromaticity is the hexaiodobenzene dication, [C6I6]2+. This species shows π-aromaticity in the benzene ring and σ-aromaticity in the outer ring formed by the iodine substituents. Inspired by the hexaiodobenzene dication example, in this work, we explore the potential for double 3D-aromaticity in [B12I12]0/2+. Our results based on magnetic and electronic descriptors of aromaticity together with 11B{1H} NMR experimental spectra of boron-iodinated o-carboranes suggest that these two oxidized forms of a closo icosahedral dodecaiodo-dodecaborate cluster, [B12I12] and [B12I12]2+, behave as doubly 3D-aromatic compounds. However, an evaluation of the energetic contribution of the potential double 3D-aromaticity through homodesmotic reactions shows that delocalization in the I12 shell, in contrast to the 10σ-electron I62+ ring in the hexaiodobenzene dication, does not contribute to any stabilization of the system. Therefore, the [B12I12]0/2+ species cannot be considered as doubly 3D-aromatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Poater
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís
Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Escayola
- Departament
de Química, Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Departament
de Química, Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751
20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Departament
de Química, Institut de Química
Computacional i Catàlisi, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany,
69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia Spain
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15
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Li Y, Dong S, Guo J, Ding Y, Zhang J, Zhu J, Cui C. π-Aromaticity Dominating in a Saturated Ring: Neutral Aromatic Silicon Analogues of Cyclobutane-1,3-diyls. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21159-21164. [PMID: 37724997 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, structures, and reactivity of the first neutral 2π-aromatic Si4 rings [LSiSiAr(X)]2 (3: X = Br; 4: X = Cl; L = PhC(NtBu)2, Ar = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2) were described. Compounds 3 and 4 were obtained by 1,3-halogenation of tetrasilacyclobutadiene (LSiSiAr)2 (2), which was prepared by the reductive cross-coupling of trisilane (ArSiCl2)2SiHAr with two equiv of chlorosilylene LSiCl. The reaction of 3 with two equiv of PhLi yielded the corresponding substitution Si4 ring [LSiSiAr(Ph)]2 (5). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 3 disclosed that it adopts both puckered (3a) and planar (3b) structures in the solid state, whereas 4 and 5 exhibit only a puckered structure. DFT calculations suggested that the puckered 3a features almost the same electronic structure with fully delocalized 2π planar 3b. The dominant 2π-aromaticity of 3 in a σ-frame has been demonstrated by DFT calculations, providing the first example of aromatics featuring both planar and puckered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
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16
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Abstract
Complexes with aromaticity in both the lowest singlet state (S0) and the lowest triplet state (T1) (denoted as adaptive aromaticity) are rare because according to Hückel's and Baird's rules, a species could be aromatic in either the S0 or T1 state in most cases. Thus, it is particularly challenging to design species with adaptive aromaticity. Previous reports on adaptive aromaticity were mainly focused on 16e metallapentalenes. Here, we demonstrate that 18e metallapentalenes could possess adaptive aromaticity supported by a set of aromaticity indices when the nitrido and imido ligands are introduced via density functional theory calculations. Further investigation suggests that the metal-carbon bond strength plays an important role in the S0 state aromaticity and the T1 state aromaticity could be attributed to spin electron localization. All these findings could be useful for the development of metallaaromatic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhu B, Song Y, Zhu J, Rauhut G, Jiang J, Zeng X. FP(μ-N) 2 S: A Sulfur-Pnictogen Four-Membered Ring with 6π Electrons. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300251. [PMID: 37261435 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The new 6π-electron four-membered ring compound 3-fluoro-1λ2 ,2,4,3λ3 -thiadiazaphosphetidine, FP(μ-N)2 S, has been generated in the gas phase through high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) of thiophosphoryl diazide, FP(S)(N3 )2 , at 1000 K. Subsequent isolation of FP(μ-N)2 S in cryogenic matrices (Ar, Ne, and N2 ) allows its characterization with matrix-isolation IR and UV-vis spectroscopy by combination with 15 N-isotope labeling and computations at the CCSD(T)-F12a/VTZ-F12 level of theory. Upon visible-light irradiation at 550 nm, this cyclic compound undergoes ring-opening to the thiazyl isomer FPNSN, followed by dissociation to FP and SN2 under subsequent UV-irradiation at 365 nm. In sharp contrast to the square planar structure for the isolobal four-membered ring S2 N2 , a puckered structure with significant biradical character has been found for FP(μ-N)2 S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanlin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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18
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Saha PK, Mallick A, Turley AT, Bismillah AN, Danos A, Monkman AP, Avestro AJ, Yufit DS, McGonigal PR. Rupturing aromaticity by periphery overcrowding. Nat Chem 2023; 15:516-525. [PMID: 36879076 PMCID: PMC10070187 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The balance between strain relief and aromatic stabilization dictates the form and function of non-planar π-aromatics. Overcrowded systems are known to undergo geometric deformations, but the energetically favourable π-electron delocalization of their aromatic ring(s) is typically preserved. In this study we incremented the strain energy of an aromatic system beyond its aromatic stabilization energy, causing it to rearrange and its aromaticity to be ruptured. We noted that increasing the steric bulk around the periphery of π-extended tropylium rings leads them to deviate from planarity to form contorted conformations in which aromatic stabilization and strain are close in energy. Under increasing strain, the aromatic π-electron delocalization of the system is broken, leading to the formation of a non-aromatic, bicyclic analogue referred to as 'Dewar tropylium'. The aromatic and non-aromatic isomers have been found to exist in rapid equilibrium with one another. This investigation demarcates the extent of steric deformation tolerated by an aromatic carbocycle and thus provides direct experimental insights into the fundamental nature of aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Danos
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.
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19
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Ju YY, Chai L, Li K, Xing JF, Ma XH, Qiu ZL, Zhao XJ, Zhu J, Tan YZ. Helical Trilayer Nanographenes with Tunable Interlayer Overlaps. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2815-2821. [PMID: 36705468 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of well-defined nanocarbon multilayers, beyond the bilayer structure, is still a challenging goal. Herein, two trilayer nanographenes were synthesized by covalently linking nanographene layers through helicene bridges. The structural characterization of the trilayer nanographenes revealed a compact trilayer-stacked architecture. The introduction of a furan ring into the helicene linker modulates the interlayer overlap and π-conjugation of the trilayer nanographenes, enabling the tuning of the interlayer coupling, as demonstrated by optical, electrochemical, and theoretical analyses. Both synthesized trilayer nanographenes are rigid chiral nanocarbons and show a chirality transfer from the helicene moiety to the stacked nanographene layers. These helical trilayer nanographenes reported here represent the covalently linked multilayer nanographenes rather than bilayer ones, showing the tunable multilayer stacking structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Ju
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ling Chai
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Feng Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Lin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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20
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George G, Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Aromaticity controls the excited-state properties of host-guest complexes of nanohoops. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1221-1229. [PMID: 36537223 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated organic molecules have exciting applications as materials for batteries, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, etc. Among these systems, antiaromatic compounds are of particular interest because of their smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap compared to aromatic compounds. A small HOMO-LUMO gap is expected to facilitate charge transfer in the systems. Here we report the ground and excited-state properties of two model nanohoops that are nitrogen-doped analogs of recently synthesized [4]cyclodibenzopentalenes - tetramers of benzene-fused aromatic 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole ([4]DHPP) and antiaromatic pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole ([4]PP). Their complexes with C60 fullerene show different behavior upon photoexcitation, depending on the degree of aromaticity. [4]DHPP acts as an electron donor, whereas [4]PP is a stronger electron acceptor than C60. The ultrafast charge separation combined with the slow charge recombination that we found for [4]PP⊃C60 indicates a long lifetime of the charge transfer state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G George
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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21
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Steffenfauseweh H, Rottschäfer D, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Szczepanik DW, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of an Annulated 1,4-Distibabenzene Diradicaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216003. [PMID: 36598396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The first 1,4-distibabenzene-1,4-diide compound [(ADC)Sb]2 (5) based on an anionic dicarbene (ADC) (ADC=PhC{N(Dipp)C}2 , Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) is reported as a bordeaux-red solid. Compound 5, featuring a central six-membered C4 Sb2 ring with formally SbI atoms may be regarded as a base-stabilized cyclic bis-stibinidene in which each of the Sb atoms bears two lone-pairs of electrons. 5 undergoes 2 e-oxidation with Ph3 C[B(C6 F5 )4 ] to afford [(ADC)Sb]2 [B(C6 F5 )4 ]2 (6) as a brick-red solid. Each of the Sb atoms of 6 has an unpaired electron and a lone-pair. The broken-symmetry open-shell singlet diradical solution for (6)2+ is calculated to be 2.13 kcal mol-1 more stable than the closed-shell singlet. The diradical character of (6)2+ according to SS-CASSCF (state-specific complete active space self-consistent field) and UHF (unrestricted Hartree-Fock) methods amounts to 36 % and 39 %, respectively. Treatments of 6 with (PhE)2 yield [(ADC)Sb(EPh)]2 [B(C6 F5 )4 ]2 (7-E) (E=S or Se). Reaction of 5 with (cod)Mo(CO)4 affords [(ADC)Sb]2 Mo(CO)4 (8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henric Steffenfauseweh
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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22
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Dong S, Zhu J. Predicting Small Molecule Activation including Catalytic Hydrogenation of Dinitrogen Promoted by a Dual Lewis Acid. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202200991. [PMID: 36353939 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, N2 activation and functionalization have required the use of transition metal complexes. Thus, it is one of the most challenging projects to activate the abundant dinitrogen through metal-free systems under mild conditions. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept study on the catalytic hydrogenation of dinitrogen (with activation energy as low as 15.3 kcal mol-1 ) initiated by a dual Lewis acid (DLA) via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, such a DLA could be also used to activate a series of small molecules including carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, N-ethylenemethylamine, and acetonitrile. It is found that aromaticity plays an important role in stabilizing intermediates and products. Our findings provide an alternative approach to N2 activation and functionalization, highlighting a great potential of DLA for small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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23
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Alizadeh V, Mahmoudi G, Priola E, Kumar Seth S, White JM, Frontera A, Safin DA. Helical coordination complex of Hg(ClO4)2 with bulky hydrazone derivative: a Möbius-like discrete metal chelate. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Wang M, You FY, Gao M, Chen ZY, Chu LY, Hu LR, Zhu J, Ma JB. Direct Conversion of N 2 and O 2 to Nitric Oxide at Room Temperature Initiated by Double Aromaticity in the Y 2BO + Cation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10697-10704. [PMID: 36367460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of dinitrogen to more useful and reactive molecules has been the focus of intense research by chemists. In contrast to reductive N2 fixation, direct oxidation of N2 by O2 to nitric oxide under mild conditions via a thermochemical process is extremely challenging. Herein, we report the first example of N2 and O2 activation and coupling under thermochemical conditions through the remarkable ability of Y2BO+ to react with one N2 and two O2 molecules. Detailed mechanistic studies using mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations revealed that the N2 activation by Y2BO+ is facilitated by the double aromatic character of the Y2BON2+ intermediate. Subsequent oxidation with O2 releases NO in a dearomatization process driven by the formation of stronger Y-O bonds over the Y-N bonds. Our findings represent the first example of N2 and O2 activation and coupling under thermochemical conditions at room temperature, providing a novel strategy for small-molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Ying You
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Ye Chu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Rui Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
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25
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Superatomic icosahedral-CnB12-n (n = 0, 1, 2) Stuffed mononuclear and binuclear borafullerene and borospherene nanoclusters with spherical aromaticity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19741. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBoron and boron-based nanoclusters exhibit unique structural and bonding patterns in chemistry. Extensive density functional theory calculations performed in this work predict the mononuclear walnut-like Ci C50B54 (1) (C2B10@C48B44), C1 C50B54 (2) (CB11@C49B43), and S10 C50B54 (3) (B12@C50B42) which contain one icosahedral-CnB12-n core (n = 0, 1, 2) at the center following the Wade’s skeletal electron counting rules and the approximately electron sufficient binuclear peanut-like Cs C88B78 (4) ((C2B10)2@C84B58), Cs C88B78 (5) ((CB11)2@C86B56), Cs C88B78 (6) ((B12)2@C88B54), Cs B180 (7) ((B12)2@B156), Cs B182 (8) ((B12)2@B158), and Cs B184 (9) ((B12)2@B160) which encapsulate two interconnected CnB12-n icosahedrons inside. These novel core–shell borafullerene and borospherene nanoclusters appear to be the most stable species in thermodynamics in the corresponding cluster size ranges reported to date. Detailed bonding analyses indicate that the icosahedral B122−, CB11−, and C2B10 cores in these core–shell structures possess the superatomic electronic configuration of 1S21P61D101F8, rendering spherical aromaticity and extra stability to the systems. Such superatomic icosahedral-CnB12-n stuffed borafullerenes and borospherenes with spherical aromaticity may serve as embryos to form bulk boron allotropes and their carbon-boron binary counterparts in bottom-up approaches.
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26
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Chen S, Zhu J. Probing the Hyperconjugative Aromaticity of Cyclopentadiene and Pyrroliums Containing Group 7 Transition Metal Substituents. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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27
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Aleksić J, Stojanović M, Baranac‐Stojanović M. Aromaticity Study of Singlet and Triplet State Corannulene Dianion and Dication. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Aleksić
- University of Belgrade ‐ Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy ‐ Center for Chemistry Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- University of Belgrade ‐ Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy ‐ Center for Chemistry Belgrade Serbia
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28
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Szczepanik DW. Bonding in a Crystalline Tri‐Thorium Cluster: Not σ‐Aromatic But Still Unique. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204337. [PMID: 35426215 PMCID: PMC9325075 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Very recently, Boronski et al. reported the first thorium–thorium bond in a crystalline cluster prepared under normal experimental conditions. By using a range of experimental techniques and computational models, the authors found that the isolated actinide cluster contains at its heart two paired electrons delocalized over the tri‐thorium ring. The recorded Raman spectrum allegedly confirmed the existence of a σ‐aromatic three‐center two‐electron bond. In the following we demonstrate that the experimentally observed broad inelastic scattering bands between 60 and 135 cm−1, originally assigned by the authors to thorium‐thorium vibrations, represent the combination of Th−Cl stretching and Th−Cl−Th bending modes, and they establish the existence of an unprecedented multicenter charge‐shift bonding (ThCl2)3 rather than the σ‐aromatic bonding Th3. In the light of the presented findings, the latter remains experimentally unproven and computationally questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz W. Szczepanik
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
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29
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Qiu R, Wu J, Zhu J. Stabilizing a 20-Electron Metallaazulyne by Aromaticity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9073-9081. [PMID: 35675659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 18-electron rule states that metal complexes with 18 valence electron metal centers are thermodynamically stable because nine valence orbitals of transition metals including one s orbital, three p orbitals, and five d orbitals can collectively accommodate 18 electrons, achieving the same electron configuration as the noble gas in the period. Thus, 20-electron compounds are extremely rare due to a violation of such a rule. Here, we demonstrate a 20-electron metallaazulyne via density functional theory calculations stabilized by aromaticity, which was supported by various aromaticity indices including nucleus-independent chemical shift, anisotropy of the induced current density, the isochemical shielding surface, and electron density of delocalized bonds. Interestingly, when a transition metal fragment is first introduced into the aromatic azulyne molecule, the resulting osmaazulyne becomes antiaromatic, in sharp contrast to the previous transformation from pentalyne to metallapentalyne. More interestingly, when osmaazulyne is reduced by two electrons, the resulting 20e osmaazulyne becomes aromatic. Our findings highlight an important application of aromaticity in stabilizing 20e species, inviting experimental verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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30
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Abstract
Aromaticity, a very important term in organic chemistry, has never been defined unambiguously. Various ways to describe it come from different phenomena that have been experimentally observed. The most important examples related to some theoretical concepts are presented here.
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31
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Dai C, Huang Y, Zhu J. Predicting Dinitrogen Activation by Carborane-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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32
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El Bakouri O, Szczepanik DW, Jorner K, Ayub R, Bultinck P, Solà M, Ottosson H. Three-Dimensional Fully π-Conjugated Macrocycles: When 3D-Aromatic and When 2D-Aromatic-in-3D? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8560-8575. [PMID: 35523019 PMCID: PMC9121391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Several fully π-conjugated
macrocycles with puckered or cage-type
structures were recently found to exhibit aromatic character according
to both experiments and computations. We examine their electronic
structures and put them in relation to 3D-aromatic molecules (e.g., closo-boranes) and to 2D-aromatic
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Using qualitative theory combined
with quantum chemical calculations, we find that the macrocycles explored
hitherto should be described as 2D-aromatic with three-dimensional
molecular structures (abbr. 2D-aromatic-in-3D) and not as truly 3D-aromatic.
3D-aromatic molecules have highly symmetric structures (or nearly
so), leading to (at least) triply degenerate molecular orbitals, and
for tetrahedral or octahedral molecules, an aromatic closed-shell
electronic structure with 6n + 2 electrons. Conversely,
2D-aromatic-in-3D structures exhibit aromaticity that results from
the fulfillment of Hückel’s 4n + 2
rule for each macrocyclic path, yet their π-electron counts
are coincidentally 6n + 2 numbers for macrocycles
with three tethers of equal lengths. It is notable that 2D-aromatic-in-3D
macrocyclic cages can be aromatic with tethers of different lengths, i.e., with π-electron counts different from 6n + 2, and they are related to naphthalene. Finally, we
identify tetrahedral and cubic π-conjugated molecules that fulfill
the 6n + 2 rule and exhibit significant electron
delocalization. Yet, their properties resemble those of analogous
compounds with electron counts that differ from 6n + 2. Thus, despite the fact that these molecules show substantial
π-electron delocalization, they cannot be classified as true
3D-aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain.,K. Guminski Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Kjell Jorner
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | - Rabia Ayub
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | - Patrick Bultinck
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 6, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
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33
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Szczepanik DW. Bonding in a Crystalline Tri‐Thorium Cluster: Not σ‐Aromatic But Still Unique. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Wojciech Szczepanik
- Jagiellonian University: Uniwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie K. Guminski Department of Theoretical Chemistry Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków POLAND
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34
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Huang YS, Chen D, Zhu J, Sun ZM. [(CrGe9)Cr2(CO)13]4−: A disubstituted case of ten-vertex closo cluster with spherical aromaticity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Bai W, Zhou Y, Bao X, Li Y. Synthesis, structure and aromaticity of metallapyridinium complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2876-2882. [PMID: 35099489 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The first rhena-analogues of pyridinium (cyclopropametalla-2-isoquinolinium complexes) are obtained from o-ethynyl benzonitriles. Structural analysis and DFT calculations confirm their aromatic nature. Compared to rhenapyrylium, rhenapyridinium has a slightly stronger Hückel π-aromaticity, while a chlorine substituent on the rhenapyridinium ring decreases its aromaticity, which is revealed by NICS, EDDB, MCI and ΔBV(ELFπ) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P.R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Wei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Key Laboratory of Guangxi Colleges and Universities for Food Safety and Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Nanning, 530008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P.R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P.R. China
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36
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Zhan L, Dai C, Zhang G, Zhu J, Zhang S, Wang H, Zeng Y, Tung C, Wu L, Cong H. A Conjugated Figure‐of‐Eight Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop with Adaptive Cavities Derived from Cyclooctatetrathiophene Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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37
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Buzsáki D, Kovács MB, Hümpfner E, Harcsa-Pintér Z, Kelemen Z. Conjugation between 3D and 2D aromaticity: does it really exist? The case of carborane-fused heterocycles. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11388-11393. [PMID: 36320586 PMCID: PMC9533420 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several synthesized icosahedral carborane fused 2D π-ring systems are known, and even considerable conjugation has been noted between them in some cases, the phenomenon itself is not fully understood. Based on the results of our computational study, it can be concluded that the 2D aromatic character of the fused (exo) five-membered ring is low, even in cases where significant conjugation was proposed in previous studies. Moreover, the carborane moiety constricts the bonding properties of the exo ring, thus prohibiting or promoting different Lewis resonance structures. These results will shed further light on the design and electronic modulation of new carborane-based materials. We have demonstrated that carborane fused heterocycles can definitely be considered as non-2D aromatic compounds; therefore, their aromatic character was significantly overestimated in earlier studies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Buzsáki
- MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Group, Műegyetem rkp 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Barnabás Kovács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Evelyn Hümpfner
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Harcsa-Pintér
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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38
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Ye Q, Zhu J. Structure, bonding and adaptive aromaticity in rhenium-oxo complexes: a DFT study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00911k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The concept of adaptive aromaticity has been extended to a rhenium-oxo complex, introducing a new member into this novel family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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39
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Stojanović M, Aleksić J. Revival of Hückel Aromatic (Poly)benzenoid Subunits in Triplet State Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Silicon Substitution. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101261. [PMID: 34964285 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
By employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations we show that mono- and disilicon substitution in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, having two to four benzene units, quenches their triplet state antiaromaticity by creating Hückel aromatic (poly)benzenoid subunit(s) and weakly antiaromatic, or almost nonaromatic silacycle. Therefore, such systems are predicted to be globally aromatic in both the ground state and the first excited triplet state. Putting the silicon atom(s) into various positions of a hydrocarbon provides an opportunity to tune the singlet-triplet energy gaps. They depend on the global aromaticity degree which, in turn, depends on the type of aromatic carbocyclic subunit(s) and the extent of their aromaticity. On the basis of the set of studied compounds, some preliminary rules on how to regulate the extent of global, semiglobal and local aromaticity are proposed. The results of this work extend the importance of Hückel aromaticity concept to excited triplet states which are usually characterized by the Baird type of (anti)aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Organic Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, SERBIA
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- Institute of Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy: Institut za hemiju tehnologiju i metalurgiju, Center for Chemistry, SERBIA
| | - Jovana Aleksić
- Institute of Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy: Institut za hemiju tehnologiju i metalurgiju, Center for Chemistry, SERBIA
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40
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Sun Y, Zhou Y, Bai W, Li Y, Wang Y. Metalla-phenalene complexes: synthesis, structure and aromaticity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:435-438. [PMID: 34901974 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metallaaromatics show a diversity of aromaticity. In this work, we report the synthesis and structural characterization of the first rhena-phenalene complexes. In addition to the Hückel aromaticity and σ-aromaticity, pseudo π anti-aromaticity is observed. DFT computations show that this anti-aromaticity (paramagnetic properties) is induced by the fused aromatic naphthyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, 188 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P. R. China
| | - Yilun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 116024, P. R. China. .,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, P. R. China
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41
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Wang X, Liu Z, Yan X, Lu T, Zheng W, Xiong W. Bonding Character, Electron Delocalization, and Aromaticity of Cyclo[18]Carbon (C 18 ) Precursors, C 18 -(CO) n (n=6, 4, and 2): Focusing on the Effect of Carbonyl (-CO) Groups. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103815. [PMID: 34897864 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The bonding character, electron delocalization, and aromaticity of the cyclo[18]carbon (C18 ) precursors, C18 -(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2), have been studied by combining quantum chemical calculations and various electronic wavefunction analyses with different physical bases. It was found that C18 -(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2) molecules exhibit alternating long and short C-C bonds, and have out-of-plane and in-plane dual π systems (πout and πin ) perpendicular to each other, which are consistent with the relevant characteristics of C18 . However, the presence of carbonyl (-CO) groups significantly reduced the global electron conjugation of C18 -(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2) compared to C18 . Specifically, the -CO group largely breaks the extensive delocalization of πin system, and the πout system is also affected by it but to a much lesser extent; as a consequence, C18 -(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2) with larger n shows weaker overall aromaticity. Mostly because of the decreased but still apparent πout electron delocalization in the C18 -(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2), a notable diatropic induced ring current under the action of external magnetic field is observed, demonstrating the clear aromatic characteristic in the molecules. The correlation between C18 -(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2) and C18 in terms of the gradual elimination of -CO from the precursors showed that the direct elimination of two CO molecules in C18 -(CO)n (n=6, 4, and 2) has a synergistic mechanism, but it is kinetically infeasible under normal conditions due to the high energy barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, P. R. China
| | - Xiufen Yan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, P. R. China
| | - Tian Lu
- Beijing Kein Research Center for Natural Sciences, Beijing, 100022, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Xiong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, P. R. China
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42
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Zhan L, Dai C, Zhang G, Zhu J, Zhang S, Wang H, Zeng Y, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. A Conjugated Figure-of-Eight Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop with Adaptive Cavities Derived from Cyclooctatetrathiophene Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113334. [PMID: 34817926 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A fully conjugated figure-of-eight nanohoop is presented with facile synthesis. The molecule's lemniscular skeleton features the combination of two strained oligoparaphenylene loops and a flexible cyclooctatetrathiophene core. Its rigid yet guest-adaptive cavities enable the formation of the peanut-like 1:2 host-guest complexes with C60 or C70 , which have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography and characterized in solution. Further computational studies suggest notable geometric variations and non-covalent interactions of the cavities upon binding with different fullerenes, as well as overall conjugation comparable to cycloparaphenylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenshu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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43
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Takahashi T, Kurahashi T, Matsubara S. Ni-Catalyzed Dearomative Cycloaddition of Alkynes to 10π Aromatic Benzothiophenes: Elucidation of Reaction Mechanism. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Takahashi
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurahashi
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seijiro Matsubara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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44
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Cukrowski I. A unified molecular‐wide and electron density based concept of chemical bonding. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacy Cukrowski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
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45
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Aysin R, Bukalov S. Four electron aromaticity in η3-Allyltetrylenes Ar-E-η3-Allyl E= Si, Ge, Sn, Pb. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Islas R, Arias-Olivares D, Becerra-Buitrago A, García-Sánchez LC, Méndez-Ayón LN, Zuniga-Gutierrez B. Metallaborazines: To Be or Not To Be Delocalized. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19629-19641. [PMID: 34368550 PMCID: PMC8340438 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, the analysis of the electronic delocalization of some metallacycles, based on borazine, was realized by employing magnetic criteria, such as the induced magnetic field and magnetically induced current densities, and electronic criteria, such as adaptative natural density partitioning and the analysis of molecular orbitals. The current metallaborazines were generated from isoelectronic substitutions. The main question is whether the electronic delocalization increases or decreases. The results showed that metal-N bonded borazines could be cataloged as delocalized compounds. On the other hand, the metal-B bonded borazines could be cataloged as nonaromatic (or weak aromatic) compounds based on the results of this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Islas
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - David Arias-Olivares
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
- Center
of Applied Nanoscience (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida República 275, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Becerra-Buitrago
- Proyecto
Curricular Licenciatura en Química, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera No. 26 B-54, 11021-110231588 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Carlos García-Sánchez
- Proyecto
Curricular Licenciatura en Química, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera No. 26 B-54, 11021-110231588 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lya Neftaly Méndez-Ayón
- Departamento
de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García
Barragán 1421, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Zuniga-Gutierrez
- Departamento
de Química, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Boulevard Marcelino García
Barragán 1421, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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47
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Singlet/Triplet State Anti/Aromaticity of CyclopentadienylCation: Sensitivity to Substituent Effect. CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry3030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that singlet state aromaticity is quite insensitive to substituent effects, in the case of monosubstitution. In this work, we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations to examine the sensitivity of triplet state aromaticity to substituent effects. For this purpose, we chose the singlet state antiaromatic cyclopentadienyl cation, antiaromaticity of which reverses to triplet state aromaticity, conforming to Baird’s rule. The extent of (anti)aromaticity was evaluated by using structural (HOMA), magnetic (NICS), energetic (ISE), and electronic (EDDBp) criteria. We find that the extent of triplet state aromaticity of monosubstituted cyclopentadienyl cations is weaker than the singlet state aromaticity of benzene and is, thus, slightly more sensitive to substituent effects. As an addition to the existing literature data, we also discuss substituent effects on singlet state antiaromaticity of cyclopentadienyl cation.
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48
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Qiu ZL, Chen D, Deng Z, Chu KS, Tan YZ, Zhu J. Isolation of a carbon nanohoop with Möbius topology. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-9981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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49
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Qiao L, Chen D, Zhu J, Muñoz-Castro A, Sun ZM. [Bi 6Mo 3(CO) 9] 4-: a multiple local σ-aromatic cluster containing a distorted Bi 6 triangular prism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3656-3659. [PMID: 33724289 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00734c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first Zintl cluster containing a distorted Bi6 triangular prism, [Bi6Mo3(CO)9]4-, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Quantum chemical calculations indicated that the distorted cage cluster features multiple local σ-aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials and Applications, School of Material Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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50
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Xiong Y, Chen D, Yao S, Zhu J, Ruzicka A, Driess M. New Types of Ge 2 and Ge 4 Assemblies Stabilized by a Carbanionic Dicarborandiyl-Silylene Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6229-6237. [PMID: 33852310 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first Ge(0)-Ge(II) germylone-germylene-paired Ge2 complex (LSi)2Ge2 (4) and the molecular Ge4 cluster (LSi)2Ge4 (5) supported by the chelating carbanionic ortho-C,C'-dicarborandiyl-silylene ligand LSi [L = C,C'-C2B10H10, Si = PhC(tBuN)2Si] have been synthesized and isolated via reduction of the corresponding precursors chlorogermyl-germyliumylidene chloride (2), [(LSi)2Ge(Cl)Ge]+Cl-, and (LSi)2Ge4Cl4 (3) with C8K, respectively. The latter precursors were obtained from the unexpected outcome of the reaction of the ortho-C,C'-dicarborandiyl phosphine-silylene ligand PLSi (1) {P = P[N(tBu)CH2]2} and GeCl2·dioxane. Compound 2 is formed in higher yields (65% yields) by the salt metathesis reaction of the C-lithium dicarborandiyl-C'-silylene salt LiLSi (6) [Li = Li(OEt2)2] with GeCl2·dioxane. The molecular structures of all these species (1-6) have been established and confirmed spectroscopically and crystallographically. The electronic structures of 4 and 5 were elucidated by density functional theory calculations. While 4 possesses a localized dative Ge(0)→Ge(II) bond, the Ge-Ge σ bonds in 5 are delocalized in the Ge4 cluster core. Featuring a donor-acceptor interaction between two chelating silylenes and the Ge4 core, compound 5 represents a unique molecular model for a Ge4 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17, Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17, Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ales Ruzicka
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Driess
- Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17, Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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