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El-Nahass MN, Fayed TA, El-Gamil MM, Fouda AEAS. Synergistic inhibition effect of diolefinic dye and silver nanoparticles for carbon steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution. BMC Chem 2024; 18:193. [PMID: 39369236 PMCID: PMC11456253 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The current work looks at the inhibitory effects of a diolefinic dye, namely 1,4-bis((E)-2-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) vinyl) benzene iodide salt, in relation to CS corrosion mitigation in hydrochloric acid (HCl) environment. This study uses a variety of experimental methodologies, including weight loss (WL) analysis, electrochemical tests, and theoretical considerations. The synergistic effect of diolefinic dye and AgNPs on the corrosion inhibition of CS in 1 M HCl was investigated. The inhibition efficiency (IE) displays a notable enhancement as the concentration of the dye is elevated and as the temperature raises the IE increases. The diolefinic dye exhibited % IE of 83% even at low concentration (1 × 10-4 M) whereas 90% in the presence of (2.26 × 10-10) AgNPs. Tafel graphs demonstrate that the dye follows a mixed type inhibitor. The adsorption of the dye on CS surface follows Langmuir model. Moreover, the influence of temperature and the activation parameters disclose that diolefinic dye is chemisorbed on the CS surface. The synergistic coefficient of the diolefinic dye and AgNPs under various concentration conditions was greater than unity. The surface morphology of CS sheets was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations provide theoretical support for the inhibitory effects of the examined dye. Notably, there is a high agreement between the findings of practical studies and theoretical expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa N El-Nahass
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Tarek A Fayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M El-Gamil
- Department of Toxic and Narcotic Drug, Forensic Medicine, Mansoura Laboratory, Medico Legal Organization, Ministry of Justice, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Aziz S Fouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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2
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Guo ZX, Song GL, Liu ZP. Artificial intelligence driven molecule adsorption prediction (AIMAP) applied to chirality recognition of amino acid adsorption on metals. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13369-13380. [PMID: 39183905 PMCID: PMC11339975 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02304h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Predicting the adsorption structure of molecules has long been a challenging topic given the coupled complexity of surface binding sites and molecule flexibility. Here, we develop AIMAP, an Artificial Intelligence Driven Molecule Adsorption Prediction tool, to achieve the general-purpose end-to-end prediction of molecule adsorption structures. AIMAP features efficient exploration of the global potential energy surface of the adsorption system based on global neural network (G-NN) potential, by rapidly screening qualified adsorption patterns and fine searching using stochastic surface walking (SSW) global optimization. We demonstrate the AIMAP efficiency in constructing the Cu-HCNO6 adsorption database, encompassing 1 182 351 distinct adsorption configurations of 9592 molecules on three copper surfaces. AIMAP is then utilized to identify the best adsorption structure for 18 amino acids (AAs) on achiral Cu surfaces and the chiral Cu(3,1,17) S surface. We find that AAs chemisorb on copper surfaces in their highest deprotonated state, through both the carboxylate-amino skeleton and side groups. The chiral recognition is identified for the d-preference of Asp, Glu, and Tyr, and l-preference for His. The physical origin for the enantiospecific adsorption is thus rationalized, pointing to the critical role of the competitive adsorption between functional side groups and the carboxylate-amino skeleton at surface low-coordination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xing Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Guo-Liang Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Zhi-Pan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institution Shanghai 200030 China
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Jamali H, Moradi-Alavian S, Asghari E, Esrafili MD, Payami E, Teimuri-Mofrad R. Prolonged corrosion protection via application of 4-ferrocenylbutyl saturated carboxylate ester derivatives with superior inhibition performance for mild steel. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13847. [PMID: 38879584 PMCID: PMC11180123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-ferrcenylbutyl carboxylate esters with different alkyl chain length (C2-C4) of carboxylic acids were synthesized using Fe3O4@SiO2@(CH2)3-Im-bisEthylFc[I] nanoparticles as catalyst and have been characterized with FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Ferrocenyl-based esters were used as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in the 1M HCl solution as corrosive media. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the synthesized ferrocenyl-based esters has been assessed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 4-ferrocenylbutyl propionate showed a more effective corrosion inhibition behavior among the studied esters with 96% efficiency after immersion in the corrosive media for 2 weeks. The corrosion inhibition mechanism is dominated by formation of passive layer of inhibitor on the surface of the mild steel by adsorption. Moreover, the adsorption characteristics of 4-butylferrcenyl carboxylate esters on mild steel were thoroughly explored using density functional theory calculations. It was found that the Fe atoms located around the C impurity in the mild steel are the most efficient and active sites to adsorb 4-butylferrcenyl carboxylate esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Jamali
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saleh Moradi-Alavian
- Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Asghari
- Electrochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi D Esrafili
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Elmira Payami
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Teimuri-Mofrad
- Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Sanni O, Ren J, Jen TC. Examining the ability of palm kernel shell extract to control corrosion and assess its economic value on thermo-mechanically treated steel in artificial seawater: a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach. Front Chem 2024; 12:1396565. [PMID: 38807979 PMCID: PMC11130357 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1396565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Each year, the rising demand for palm oil generates large amounts of palm kernel shell waste. Discarded palm kernel shells can produce activated carbon, crushed shells, liquified fumes, and other derivatives; however, their indiscriminate disposal persists, raising issues related to the environment and economy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the use of palm kernel shell as a corrosion inhibitor for thermo-mechanically treated steel in a seawater environment using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques, as well as surface tests at varying concentrations. The findings demonstrated that the palm kernel shell inhibited the cathodic and anodic processes by adsorption on the steel surface, which followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The inhibitor exhibited a 98% inhibitory efficiency at 500 ppm concentration. Scanning electron microscopy analysis verified the thin films of the inhibitor on steel surface in seawater solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that the extract's components prevent the steel corrosion through an adsorptive mechanism. According to the inhibitor economic evaluation, employing the palm kernel shell extract is less expensive than utilizing conventional inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianwei Ren
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Cnr Kingsway and University Roads, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Eissa M, Etaiw SH, El-Waseef EE, El-Hossiany A, Fouda AS. The impact of environmentally friendly supramolecular coordination polymers as carbon steel corrosion inhibitors in HCl solution: synthesis and characterization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2413. [PMID: 38287037 PMCID: PMC10825159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Two 3D-supramolecular coordination polymers (SCP1 & SCP2) have been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. In a solution of 1.0 M HCl, SCPs were used to prevent corrosion of carbon steel (CS). The inhibition productivity (%η) rises as the synthetic inhibitor dose rises, and the opposite is true as the temperature rises. The study was carried out using chemical (mass loss, ML) and electrochemical ( potentiodynamic polarization, PDP and electrochemical impedance microscopy, EIS) techniques, which showed %η reached to 93.1% and 92.5% for SCP1 & SCP2, respectively at 21 × 10-6 M, 25 °C. For the polarization results, SCPs behave as mixed-type inhibitors. With increasing doses of SCPs, the charge transfer resistance grew and the double layer's capacitance lowered. The creation of a monolayer on the surface of CS was demonstrated by the finding that the adsorption of SCPs on its surface followed the Henry adsorption isotherm. The parameters of thermodynamics were computed and explained. The physical adsorption of SCPs on the surface of CS is shown by the lowering values of free energy (∆Goads < - 20 kJ mol-1) and increasing the activation energy (E*a) values in presence of SCP1 & SCP2 than in their absence. Atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the development of a protective thin film of SCPs precipitated on the surface of CS. There is a strong matching between results obtained from experimental and theoretical studies. Results from each approach that was used were consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eissa
- College of Science, Chemistry Department, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S H Etaiw
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - E E El-Waseef
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - A El-Hossiany
- Delta for Fertilizers and Chemical Industries, Talkha, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - A S Fouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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El-Nagar RA, Khalil NA, Atef Y, Nessim MI, Ghanem A. Evaluation of ionic liquids based imidazolium salts as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in HCl solutions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1889. [PMID: 38253588 PMCID: PMC10803315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The features of this work on corrosion inhibition have been investigated based on the ecological awareness and according to the strict environmental legislations. This was done by studying how different imidazolium derivatives ionic liquids containing different alkyl chains R8, R10 and R12 affected the corrosion reaction of carbon steel specimen immersed in 1 M hydrochloric acid at various temperatures. Weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were utilized to examine the corrosion inhibition behavior on carbon steel. In addition, FT-IR spectroscopy was used to analyze the coated film that has been formed on the metal surface. The prepared ionic liquids showed effective inhibition efficiency, where the corrosion rate after the using of 100 ppm of R8-IL, R10-IL and R12-IL was decreased from 5.95 (µg cm-2 min-1) to 0.66, 0.56, and 0.44 (µg cm-2 min-1), respectively at 20 °C. In the polarization curves, the corrosion current, Icorr, decreases by ILs addition and suggest that ILs act as mixed type inhibitors. From EIS findings, the increase in Rct and decrease in Cdl values proves the adherence of inhibitor molecules on carbon steel surface. The temperature effect was also studied on the film formed, where increasing the temperature from 20 to 50 °C, the corrosion rate increased and the inhibitors efficacy decreased. The increasing in the length of the attached alkyl chain, the efficacies of the prepared inhibitors increases. Various thermodynamic parameters such as the reaction activation free energy (ΔG*), the entropy of activation (ΔS*), and the enthalpy of activation (ΔH*), as well as the adsorption isotherm were investigated in order to interpret the mechanism and obtain the most accurate perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda A El-Nagar
- Petroleum Testing Lab, Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
| | - N A Khalil
- Petroleum Testing Lab, Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Y Atef
- Research Laboratory, General Organization for Export and Import Control (G.O.E.I.C), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maher I Nessim
- Petroleum Testing Lab, Analysis and Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Alaa Ghanem
- PVT Lab, Production Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
- PVT Services Center, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, 11727, Egypt.
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Belal K, El-Askalany AH, Ghaith EA, Fathi Salem Molouk A. Novel synthesized triazole derivatives as effective corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1M HCl solution: experimental and computational studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22180. [PMID: 38092867 PMCID: PMC10719362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This article outlines the synthesis of two derivatives of 4-amino-5-hydrazineyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol for the prevention of carbon steel corrosion in 1M HCl solution. These derivatives are (Z)-3-(1-(2-(4-amino-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)hydrazono)ethyl)-2H-chromen-2-one (TZ1) and 5-(2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)hydrazineyl)-4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (TZ2). Weight loss, electrochemical experiments, surface examinations, and theoretical computation are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the two compounds to be used as corrosion inhibitors. Weight loss and electrochemical studies demonstrate that these derivatives reduce the corrosion rate of carbon steel. To examine the morphology and constitution of the carbon steel surface submerged in HCl solution as well as after adding inhibitors, surface examination tests are performed. Analysis of the test solution via UV-visible spectroscopy is employed to check the possibility of complex formation between inhibitor molecules and Fe2+ ions released during the corrosion process. In order to explore their biological activity, the antibacterial activity was investigated against (E. coli and Bacillus subtilis). Finally, theoretical confirmation of the experimental findings is provided by quantum chemical (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation studies. More adsorption sites are present in the derivatives of 4-amino-5-hydrazineyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, which offer a novel perspective for developing new classes of corrosion inhibitors with substantial protective efficacy, especially at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamelia Belal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - A H El-Askalany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Eslam A Ghaith
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fathi Salem Molouk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
- Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura City, Egypt.
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Laihemdi F, Barhoumi A, Zarri M, Tahiri M, Chafi M. Inhibition of corrosion of an aluminum alloy by rosemary and eucalyptus extracted oils in 1 M hydrochloric acid medium: an experimental and theoretical study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30800-5. [PMID: 38052731 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored aluminum corrosion inhibition field of study in a 1 M HCl solution, harnessing the power of essential oils extracted from rosemary and eucalyptus plants. Our exploration gives a comprehensive analysis of the pivotal factors that shape the corrosion inhibition process. Our scientific journey was marked by a deliberate and systematic approach, encompassing the utilization of gravimetric analysis (weight loss), electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization, and the sophisticated electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) techniques. Our findings unveiled promising and nuanced outcomes, particularly in the area of the electrochemical technique. This method demonstrated remarkable inhibition efficiencies, ranging from 42% to an impressive 92% for rosemary essential oil and from 37 to 84% for eucalyptus essential oil. These results unveiled a dynamic relationship between essential oil concentration and inhibition efficiency, a revelation that further deepens our understanding of the corrosion inhibition process. The inhibition efficiency increased with higher concentrations of essential oil but decreased with elevated temperatures. Furthermore, our analysis traversed into the realms of potentiodynamic and thermodynamic insights. These analytical techniques unearthed the complex mechanisms at play, explaining the pathway followed by the studied inhibitors. They exhibited their prowess by forming protective films on the metal surface, acting as vigilant protectors against the relentless forces of corrosion. Complementing our experimental findings, our study of computational chemistry through density functional theory (DFT) unveiled remarkable insights. It elucidated the spontaneous adsorption process of inhibitor molecules onto the aluminum surface in the presence of H2O solvent. This computational harmony with our experimental results strengthened our confidence in the robustness of our findings. One of the key findings of this study was the superior inhibitory power of camphor in rosemary EO and β-myrcene in eucalyptus essential oil EO, respectively, attributed to the distinctive characteristics of the active sites found in each compound. The inhibitory effectiveness followed the order β-myrcene > camphor > borneol > α-pinene > bornyl acetate > p-cymene > 1,8-cineole. These compounds, notable for their distinct active sites, emerged as exceptional agents in the pursuit of effective corrosion inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathia Laihemdi
- LIPE, Higher School of Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, P.O. Box 8012, 20000, Oasis, Morocco
| | - Ali Barhoumi
- LIPE, Higher School of Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, P.O. Box 8012, 20000, Oasis, Morocco
- Molecular Modelling and Spectroscopy Research Team, Faculty of Science, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Meryem Zarri
- Organic Synthesis, Extraction and Valorisation Laboratory (SOEV), Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Maarif, B.P. 5366, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Tahiri
- Organic Synthesis, Extraction and Valorisation Laboratory (SOEV), Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Maarif, B.P. 5366, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Chafi
- LIPE, Higher School of Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, P.O. Box 8012, 20000, Oasis, Morocco.
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Ren X, Liu K, Lu Y, Ding W, Lei S, Yang L. Stepwise versus Concerted: Theoretical Insights into the Stereoselectivity in Aryl Imine Formation Assisted by Acid and Water. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9748-9759. [PMID: 37938831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The wide applications of the aryl Schiff base require extensive understanding of the mechanism of its formation, which remains unclear. In this work, the detailed formation mechanisms between benzaldehyde and aniline or 4-(9-anthryl) ethynyl aniline were investigated at the CCSD(T)//B3LYP level, and the influence of water molecules and acid catalysis and the stereoselectivity were addressed. The results show that the participation of explicit water molecules greatly accelerates the reactions by alleviating the ring tension of the transition states, and acid catalysis strongly favors the imine formation and provides driving force for the forward reaction. In acidic conditions, both N-protonated carbinolamine formations and imine formations are achieved under mild conditions with the assistance of water molecules, and the proton transfer is more advanced than the C-N and C═N bond formation, which is in good agreement with the experimental observations. In contrast, under neutral conditions, even with the assistance of two water molecules, the reaction is hard to take place at room temperature owing to the high Gibbs free energy barriers with the proton transfer and the C-N or C═N bond formation concerted. The analysis of stereoselectivity shows that the formation of trans imine is both kinetically and thermodynamically more favorable than the cis one under the acidic condition with the assistance of water molecules, and the presence of conjugated substituent 4-(9-anthryl) ethynyl of aniline marginally raises the energy barriers. This work provides a systematic view of the mechanism for the formation of aryl imine and is expected to offer insights for the control of the dynamic covalent chemistry and the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
- HTA Company Limited, Beijing 102413, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Lu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Jinlian Street, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbin Lei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Jinlian Street, Wenzhou 325000, People's Republic of China
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Nasser A, Migahed MA, El Basiony NM, Abd-El-Bary HM, Mohamed TA. Electrochemical, surface analysis, computational and anticorrosive studies of novel di-imine Schiff base on X65 steel surface. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10457. [PMID: 37380763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of di-imine-SB namely ((N1Z, N4E)-N1, N4-bis (4 (dimethylamino) benzylidene) butane 1,4-diamine) on X65-steel in 1 M HCl has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and weight loss outcomes display the anticorrosion properties of "di-imine- SB". The inhibitory efficiency exceeds 90% at the optimal concentration of 1 × 10-3 M "di-imine- SB". The metal surface was examined further using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The effectiveness of the di-imine-SB is returned into its adsorption on X65-steel surface and found in agreement with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. According to the standard Gibbs free energy of adsorption [Formula: see text], di-imine-SB adsorption tends to be chemical rather than physical, it increases the activation energy ([Formula: see text]) of metal dissolution reaction and makes it hard to occur. The PDP data suggested anodic and cathodic type of the di-imine-SB inhibitor. Meanwhile, increasing the resistance of X65-steel to 301 Ω cm2 after adding 1 mM of di-imine-SB confirms its protective effect. Whereas, the positive value of the fraction of electron transference (ΔN, 0.746), confirms the affinity of di-imine-SB to share electrons to the partially filed 3d-orbital of Fe forming strong protective film over X65-steel surface. Aided by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, the calculated adsorption energy (Eads) suggests excessive adsorption affinity of di-imine-SB on metal surface over the corrosive chlorides and hydronium ions. A good correlation between the theoretical hypothesis and the experimental inhibition efficiency has been achieved. The comparative study showed the superior of the di-imine-SB as potential corrosion inhibitor compared with those reported before. Finally, global reactivity descriptors; electron affinity (A), ionization potential (I), electronegativity (χ), dipole moment (µ), global hardness ([Formula: see text]), electrophilicity index and, Fukui indices were also calculated and found well correlated to the reactivity of di-imine-SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nasser
- The Higher Institute of Engineering, New Elmarg, El-Qalyubia, Egypt
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M A Migahed
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N M El Basiony
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt.
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - H M Abd-El-Bary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Men's Campus), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Men's Campus), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Al-Amiery A, Isahak WNRW, Al-Azzawi WK. Multi-method evaluation of a 2-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)pyrrolidine corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl: combining gravimetric, electrochemical, and DFT approaches. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9770. [PMID: 37328536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The corrosion inhibition properties of 2-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)pyrrolidine (2-TP) on mild steel in a 1 M HCl solution were investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open circuit potential (OCP) measurements. In addition, DFT calculations were performed on 2-TP. The polarization curves revealed that 2-TP is a mixed-type inhibitor. The results indicate that 2-TP is an effective inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in a 1.0 M HCl solution, with an inhibition efficiency of 94.6% at 0.5 mM 2-TP. The study also examined the impact of temperature, revealing that the inhibition efficiency increases with an increasing concentration of 2-TP and decreases with a rise in temperature. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the mild steel surface followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the free energy value indicated that the adsorption of 2-TP is a spontaneous process that involves both physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms. The DFT calculations showed that the adsorption of 2-TP on the mild steel surface is mainly through the interaction of the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of the thiadiazole ring with the metal surface. The results obtained from the weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, EIS and OCP measurements were in good agreement with each other and confirmed the effectiveness of 2-TP as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential use of 2-TP as a corrosion inhibitor in acid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Amiery
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
- University of Technology-Iraq, Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, Bagdad, Iraq.
| | - Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
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12
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Luo X, Ci C, Zhou C, Li J, Xiong W, Xie ZH, Guo M, Wu D, Chen B, Liu Y. Dopamine modified natural glucomannan as a highly efficient inhibitor for mild steel: Experimental and theoretical methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124712. [PMID: 37148938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Glucomannan was modified with dopamine to synthesize a new polysaccharide Schiff base (GAD). After confirmation of GAD by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic methods, it was introduced as a sustainable corrosion inhibitor with excellent anti-corrosion action for mild steel in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Employing electrochemical test, morphology measurement, and theoretical analysis, the anticorrosion performance of GAD on mild steel in 0.5 M HCl solution is determined. Maximum efficiency of GAD for suppressing the corrosion rate of mild steel at 0.12 g L-1 reaches 99.0 %. After immersion in HCl solution for 24 h, the results from scanning electron microscopy indicate that GAD is firmly attached to the mild steel surface by making a protective layer. According to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FeN bonds existed on the steel surface indicate the presence of chemisorption between GAD and Fe to form stable complexes attracted to the active position on the mild steel. The effects of Schiff base groups on the corrosion inhibition efficiencies were also investigated. Moreover, the inhibition mechanism of GAD was further illustrated by the free Gibbs energy, quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Loss Efficacy and Anticorrosion of Materials of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chenggang Ci
- Engineering Research Center of Loss Efficacy and Anticorrosion of Materials of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, PR China
| | - Chenliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ji Li
- SINOPEC, Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, PR China
| | - Wentao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hui Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, PR China
| | - Meng Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Loss Efficacy and Anticorrosion of Materials of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, PR China.
| | - Dawang Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Loss Efficacy and Anticorrosion of Materials of Guizhou, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yali Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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13
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Mandal S, Bej S, Banerjee P. Insights into the uses of two azine decorated d10-MOFs for corrosion inhibition application on mild steel surface in saline medium: Experimental as well as theoretical investigation. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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14
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Abd El-Lateef HM, Abd El-Monem Nasr WM, Khalaf MM, Mohamed AE, Rashed MN, Adam MS. Anticorrosion Evaluation of Novel Water-Soluble Schiff Base Molecules for C1018 Steel in CO 2-Saturated Brine by Computational and Experimental Methodologies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11512-11535. [PMID: 37008130 PMCID: PMC10061679 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three different derivatives of Schiff base, as mono- and di-Schiff bases, were successfully synthesized by the facile condensation of 2-aminopyridine, o-phenylenediamine, or 4-chloro-o-phenylenediamine with sodium salicylaldehyde-5-sulfonate (H1, H2, and H3, respectively). A combination of theoretical and practical studies was accomplished on the corrosion mitigation effect of the prepared Schiff base derivatives on C1018 steel in CO2-saturated 3.5% NaCl solution. The corrosion inhibition effect of the synthesized Schiff base molecules was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) methods. The outcomes exhibited that Schiff base derivatives have an outstanding corrosion inhibition effect on carbon steel at particularly low concentrations in sweet conditions. The outcomes showed that Schiff base derivatives exhibited a satisfactory inhibition efficiency of 96.5% (H1), 97.7% (H2), and 98.1% (H3) with a dosage of 0.5 mM at 323 K. SEM/EDX analysis confirms the adsorbed inhibitor film's formation on the metal surface. The polarization plots indicate that the studied compounds behaved as inhibitors of the mixed type according to the isotherm model of Langmuir. The computational inspections (MD simulations and DFT calculations) display a good correlation with the investigational findings. The outcomes could be applied to assess the efficiency of the inhibiting agents in the gas and oil industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | | | - Mai M. Khalaf
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Adila E. Mohamed
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Shaker
S. Adam
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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15
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Computational insights into the adsorption mechanisms of anionic dyes on the rutile TiO2 (110) surface: Combining SCC-DFT tight binding with quantum chemical and molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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16
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Synthesis, experimental and computational studies on the anti-corrosion performance of substituted Schiff bases of 2-methoxybenzaldehyde for mild steel in HCl medium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3265. [PMID: 36828888 PMCID: PMC9958021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Corrosion inhibition performance of two synthesized Schiff base ligands; (E)-2-((2-methoxybenzylidene)amino)phenol L1 and (E)-2-((4-methoxybenzylidene)amino)phenol L2 were carried out by weight loss measurement in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were applied to theoretically explain the inhibitors' intrinsic properties and adsorption mechanism in the corrosion study. The result of the inhibition performances carried out at varying concentrations and temperatures were compared. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of L1 and L2 at an optimal concentration of 10 × 10-4 M were 75% and 76%. Langmuir isotherm model fits the data obtained from the experiment with a correlation coefficient (R2) value closer to unity. The adsorption mechanism of inhibitor on the surface of the Fe metal occurred via chemisorption inferred from the Gibbs free energy (ΔGads). Scanning electron microscopy showed a mild degradation on the surface of the mild steel immersed in the L1, and L2 inhibited acid solution, which could be due to surface coverage. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed the metal surface's elemental composition and the existence of the chlorine peak, which emanates from the HCl medium. DFT calculations revealed that the hybrid B3LYP functional performed better than the M06-2X meta-functional in estimating the energies of the synthesized Schiff bases for corrosion inhibition as seen in the lower ΔE values of 3.86 eV and 3.81 eV for L1 and L2. The MD simulation revealed that the orientation of inhibitors on the surface of the metal resulted in the coordination bond formation and that the interaction energy of L2 was -746.84 kJ/mol compared to -743.74 kJ/mol of L1. The DFT and MD results agreed with the observed trend of the experimental findings.
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17
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Chen L, Shi Y, Xu S, Xiong J, Gao F, Zhang S, Li H. Enhanced adsorption of target branched compounds including antibiotic norfloxacin frameworks on mild steel surface for efficient protection: An experimental and molecular modelling study. Chin J Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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18
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The Study on Corrosion Inhibition effect of 2-Phenylbenzimidazole for X70 steel in HCl solution at 308 K. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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19
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Conformational fidelity and hydrogen bond associability of L-histidine with sulfamate anion studied through XRD, quantum chemical, spectroscopic and molecular docking simulation as a cdk-4 inhibitor against retinoblastoma. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Machado Fernandes C, Costa AR, Leite MC, Martins V, Lee HS, Boechat FDC, de Souza MC, Batalha PN, Lgaz H, Ponzio EA. A detailed experimental performance of 4-quinolone derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acid media combined with first-principles DFT simulations of bond breaking upon adsorption. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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MOLECULAR INTERACTION AND CORROSION INHIBITON OF BENZOPHENONE AND ITS DERIVATIVE ON MILD STEEL IN 1 N HCl: ELECTROCHEMICAL, DFT AND MD SIMULATION STUDIES. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.130919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Mahboub R. Interactions study of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives in acid medium using molecular dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12750-12759. [PMID: 34533423 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1975567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the interaction of some 1,2,4-triazoles derivatives: 4-amino-3-methylthio-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole 1, 4-amino-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol 2 A, 4-amino-5-phenyl-2H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione 2B, and 4-amino-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol 2 C (respectively MTE 1, TL 2 A, TN 2B and TL 2 C) using the molecular dynamics simulation. First, we employed this method to predict the total energies in vacuum and in solutions (water and acid media). Then, we calculated the MD parameters: interaction energies and angle parameters. We have also evaluated the conformations of these molecules in gas and in solutions. Next, we compared the calculated results in water with those in acid solution. Our simulated results prove that the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bond increases the interaction energies in the tautomer thione 2B. We confirm that the TN 2B reaches its high stable conformation state in the solution environment. The calculations confirm that the compound MTE 1 has a spatial conformation state and shows high interaction energy in acid medium. Our molecular dynamics results complete very well our quantum chemical calculations. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radia Mahboub
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
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23
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Al-Masoud MA, Khalaf MM, Heakal FET, Gouda M, Mohamed IMA, Shalabi K, El-Lateef HMA. Advanced Protective Films Based on Binary ZnO-NiO@polyaniline Nanocomposite for Acidic Chloride Steel Corrosion: An Integrated Study of Theoretical and Practical Investigations. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4734. [PMID: 36365727 PMCID: PMC9658172 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their thermal stability characteristics, polymer/composite materials have typically been employed as corrosion inhibitors in a variety of industries, including the maritime, oil, and engineering sectors. Herein, protective films based on binary ZnO-NiO@polyaniline (ZnNiO@PANE) nanocomposite were intended with a respectable yield. The produced nanocomposite was described using a variety of spectroscopic characterization methods, including dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) approaches, in addition to other physicochemical methods, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). By using open-circuit potentials (OCP) vs. time, electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) methods, the inhibitory effects of individual PANE and ZnNiO@PANE on the mild steel alloy corrosion in HCl/NaCl solution were assessed. The ZnNiO@PANE composite performed as mixed-type inhibitors, according to PDP findings. PANE polymer and ZnNiO@PANE composite at an optimal dose of 200 mg/L each produced protective abilities of 84.64% and 97.89%, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model is used to explain the adsorption of ZnNiO@PANE onto MS alloy. DFT calculations showed that the prepared materials' efficiency accurately reflects their ability to contribute electrons, whereas Monte Carlo (MC) simulations showed that the suitability and extent of adsorption of the ZnNiO@PANE molecule at the metal interface determine the materials' corrosion protection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Ahmed Al-Masoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M. Khalaf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kamal Shalabi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdul-Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 11432, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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24
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DFT-based computations on some structurally related N-substituted piperazines. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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25
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Al-Masoud MA, Khalaf MM, Gouda M, Dao VD, Mohamed IMA, Shalabi K, Abd El-Lateef HM. Synthesis and Characterization of the Mixed Metal Oxide of ZnO-TiO 2 Decorated by Polyaniline as a Protective Film for Acidic Steel Corrosion: Experimental, and Computational Inspections. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15217589. [PMID: 36363182 PMCID: PMC9653851 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of a novel nanocomposite using polyaniline (PANi) functionalized bi-metal oxide ZnO-TiO2 (ZnTiO@PANi) as shielding film for carbon steel (CS)-alloy in acidic chloride solution at 298 K was studied. Different spectroscopic characterization techniques, such as UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) approaches, as well as other physicochemical methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), were used to describe the produced nanocomposites. The significance of these films lies in the ZnO-TiO2 nanoparticle's functionalization by polyaniline, a material with high conductivity and electrochemical stability in acidic solutions. The mechanistic findings of the corrosion inhibition method were obtained by the use of electrochemical methods including open-circuit potentials (OCP) vs. time, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that the synthesized ZnTiO@PANi is a powerful acidic corrosion inhibitor, and its inhibition effectiveness is 98.86% in the presence of 100 ppm. Additionally, the charge transfer resistance (Rp) value augmented from 51.8 to 432.7, and 963.7 Ω cm2 when the dose of PANi, and ZnTiO@PANi reached 100 ppm, respectively. The improvement in Rp and inhibition capacity values with an increase in nanocomposite dose is produced by the nanocomposite additives covering a larger portion of the surface, resulting in a decrease in alloy corrosion. By identifying the probable regions for molecule adsorption on the steel substrate, theoretical and computational studies provided significant details regarding the corrosion mitigation mechanism. The possibility of substituting old poisonous small substances with inexpensive and non-hazardous polymeric materials as shielding layers for utilization in the oilfield sectors is an important suggestion made by this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Ahmed Al-Masoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M. Khalaf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Van-Duong Dao
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (V.-D.D.); or (H.M.A.E.-L.)
| | | | - Kamal Shalabi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdul-Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
- Correspondence: (V.-D.D.); or (H.M.A.E.-L.)
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26
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Study of copper removal by modified biomaterials using the response surface methodology, DFT Calculation, and molecular dynamic simulation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Li W, Ma T, Tan B, Zhang S, Yan M, Ji J, Wang F, Du H, Wang X. The effect of structural properties of benzo derivative on the inhibition performance for copper corrosion in alkaline medium: Experimental and theoretical investigations. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Interactions and corrosion mitigation prospective of pyrazole derivative on mild steel in HCl environment. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Kalkhambkar AG, Rajappa S, Manjanna J, Malimath G. Saussurea obvallatta leaves extract as a potential eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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30
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Corrosion inhibition, surface adsorption and computational studies of new sustainable and green inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Computational, kinetic, and electrochemical studies of polyaniline functionalized ZnO and ZnO-SiO2 nanoparticles as corrosion protection films on carbon steel in acidic sodium chloride solutions. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Liu Y, Guo X, Wang B, Gong PX, Liu Y, Li HJ, Wu YC. Lentinan as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for Q235 steel in acid medium: Experimental and theoretical studies. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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33
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Abdou MM, Younis O, El-Katori EE. Synthesis, experimental and theoretical studies of two aryl-azo derivatives clubbed with 2-acetylphenol and their application as novel luminescent coatings with high anticorrosion efficiency. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Abd El-Lateef HM, Khalaf MM, Shalabi K, Abdelhamid AA. Efficient Synthesis of 6,7-Dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile Compounds and Their Applicability As Inhibitor Films for Steel Alloy Corrosion: Collective Computational and Practical Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24727-24745. [PMID: 35874227 PMCID: PMC9301726 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An effective method for designing new heterocyclic compounds of 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives (CAPDs) was presented through cyclocondensation reaction between 2,5-diarylidenecyclopentanone derivatives and propanedinitrile, and the cyclocondensation reaction succeeded using a sodium alkoxide solution (sodium ethoxide or sodium methoxide) as the reagent and the catalyst. The synthesized CAPD derivatives were employed as novel inhibitors for carbon steel (CS) corrosion in a molar H2SO4 medium. The corrosion protection proficiency was investigated by electrochemical measurements (open circuit potential vs time (E OCP vs t), potentiodynamic polarization plots (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) and surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy (SEM)) examinations. The results show that the CAPD derivatives exhibit mixed type inhibitors and a superior inhibition efficiency of 97.7% in the presence of 1.0 mM CAPD-1. The adsorption of CAPD derivatives on the CS interface follows the Langmuir isotherm model, including physisorption and chemisorption. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exploration confirmed the adsorption of the CAPD derivatives on the CS substrate. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and DFT calculations revealed that the efficacy of the CAPD molecules correlates well with their structures, and this protection was attributed to their adsorption on the CS surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag
University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Mai M. Khalaf
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag
University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Kamal Shalabi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Antar A. Abdelhamid
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag
University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha 1988, Saudi Arabia
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35
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Sharma S, Saha SK, Kang N, Ganjoo R, Thakur A, Assad H, Kumar A. Multidimensional analysis for corrosion inhibition by Isoxsuprine on mild steel in acidic environment: Experimental and computational approach. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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36
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Adsorption and corrosion inhibition performance of two planar rigid pyridinecarboxaldehyde-based double Schiff bases for mild steel in HCl solution: Experimental and computational investigations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abd El-Lateef HM, Gouda M, Shalabi K, Al-Omair MA, Khalaf MM. Superhydrophobic films-based nonanyl carboxy methylcellulose grafted polyacrylamide for AISI-stainless steel corrosion protection: Empirical explorations and computational models. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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38
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Abd El‐Lateef HM, Desoky M. Mohamad A, Shehata MR, Abu‐Dief AM. Targeted synthesis of two iron (III) tetradentate dibasic chelating Schiff base complexes towards inhibition of acidic induced steel corrosion: Empirical and DFT insights. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hany M. Abd El‐Lateef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science King Faisal University Al‐Ahsa Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Sohag University Sohag Egypt
| | | | | | - Ahmed M. Abu‐Dief
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Sohag University Sohag Egypt
- Chemistry Department, College of Science Taibah University Madinah Saudi Arabia
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Kamal RS, Migahed MA, E. A. Abd El-Sattar N. Synthesis, characterization and performance of succinimide derivatives as anti-corrosion and anti-scalant in petroleum applications. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Rezaeivala M, Karimi S, Sayin K, Tüzün B. Experimental and theoretical investigation of corrosion inhibition effect of two piperazine-based ligands on carbon steel in acidic media. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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The recent development of carbon dots as powerful green corrosion inhibitors: A prospective review. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Synthesis of 1, 4, 7-triazaheptane derivative and its corrosion inhibition for mild steel in the hydrochloric medium. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Sharma S, Ganjoo R, Kr. Saha S, Kang N, Thakur A, Assad H, Kumar A. Investigation of inhibitive performance of Betahistine dihydrochloride on mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Synthesis, characterization and theoretical exploration of pyrene based Schiff base molecules as corrosion inhibitor. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Guo X, Wu F, Cheng T, Huang H. Extraction of a high efficiency and long-acting green corrosion inhibitor from silkworm excrement and its adsorption behavior and inhibition mechanism on copper. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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46
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Corrosion Inhibition Properties of Thiazolidinedione Derivatives for Copper in 3.5 wt.% NaCl Medium. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11111861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Copper is the third-most-produced metal globally due to its exceptional mechanical and thermal properties, among others. However, it suffers serious dissolution issues when exposed to corrosive mediums. Herein, two thiazolidinedione derivatives, namely, (Z)-5-(4-methylbenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (MTZD) and (Z)-3-allyl-5-(4-methylbenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (ATZD), were synthesized and applied for corrosion protection of copper in 3.5 wt.% NaCl medium. The corrosion inhibition performance of tested compounds was evaluated at different experimental conditions using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization curves (PPC) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). EIS results revealed that the addition of studied inhibitors limited the dissolution of copper in NaCl solution, leading to a high polarization resistance compared with the blank solution. In addition, PPC suggested that tested compounds had a mixed-type effect, decreasing anodic and cathodic corrosion reactions. Moreover, surface characterization by AFM indicated a significant decrease in surface roughness of copper after the addition of inhibitors. Outcomes from the present study suggest that ATZD (IE% = 96%) outperforms MTZD (IE% = 90%) slightly, due to the presence of additional –C3H5 unit (–CH2–CH = CH2) in the molecular scaffold of MTZD.
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47
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Recent progresses in Schiff bases as aqueous phase corrosion inhibitors: Design and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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48
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Abdelmalek M, Barhoumi A, Byadi S, El Idrissi M, Salah M, Tounsi A, El Ouardi EM, El Alaoui El Abdallaoui H, Zeroual A. Corrosion inhibition performance of azelaic acid dihydrazide: a molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation study. J Mol Model 2021; 27:331. [PMID: 34713354 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of azelaic acid dihydrazide as an environmentally friendly mild steel corrosion inhibitor on the iron surface was modeled in this study. We used density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to illustrate the interactions engaged. The interaction of the azelaic acid derivatives with iron metal (Fe) was examined by DFT as a typical example of a corrosion prevention mechanism after the optimized molecular structures of these molecules were investigated. Structures, binding energies, Fikui's charge indicator, electron transfer, and chemical potential are all discussed. The presence of significant binding between the inhibitor and Fe metal is supported by analysis of the resultant complex. Then, in an acidic solution comprising 491 H2O, nine chlorine ion Cl-, and nine hydronium ion H3O+, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation were used to model the adsorption of azelaic acid dihydrazide on the iron Fe (110) surface. In addition, radial distribution function (RDF) and interaction energy (Ei) were evaluated in this work to further our understanding of interactions between azelaic acid dihydrazide and iron surfaces. Furthermore, we discovered that our inhibitors have an excellent ability to slow down the movement of corrosive particles in law temperature and thus to inhibit the metallic substrate against corrosive electrolyte, based on the temperature impact investigation. The result of density functional theory and Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics descriptors obtained were in good agreement with the experimental result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matine Abdelmalek
- Molecular Modeling and Spectroscopy Research Team, Faculty of Science, ChouaïbDoukkali University, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Ali Barhoumi
- Molecular Modeling and Spectroscopy Research Team, Faculty of Science, ChouaïbDoukkali University, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Said Byadi
- Extraction, Spectroscopy and Valorization Team, Organic Synthesis, Extraction, and Valorization Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Idrissi
- Laboratory of Chemical Processes and Applied Materials, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni-Mellal, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco.
| | - Mohammed Salah
- Molecular Modeling and Spectroscopy Research Team, Faculty of Science, ChouaïbDoukkali University, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Abdessamad Tounsi
- Research Team in Applied Chemistry and Modeling ERCAM, Faculty Polydisciplinary Beni Mellal, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - El Mokhtar El Ouardi
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics, Department of Physics, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Habib El Alaoui El Abdallaoui
- Molecular Modeling and Spectroscopy Research Team, Faculty of Science, ChouaïbDoukkali University, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Zeroual
- Molecular Modeling and Spectroscopy Research Team, Faculty of Science, ChouaïbDoukkali University, P.O. Box 20, 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
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El-Aouni N, Hsissou R, Safi Z, Abbout S, Benhiba F, El Azzaoui J, Haldhar R, Wazzan N, Guo L, Erramli H, Elharfi A, El Bachiri A, Rafik M. Performance of two new epoxy resins as potential corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 1MHCl medium: Combining experimental and computational approaches. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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50
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Novel cationic Gemini ester surfactant as an efficient and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in HCl solution. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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