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Catalano A, Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Marra M, Conforti F, Lupi FR, Gabriele D, Borges F, Sinicropi MS. Aloe vera-An Extensive Review Focused on Recent Studies. Foods 2024; 13:2155. [PMID: 38998660 PMCID: PMC11241682 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, Aloe vera L. (AV) has attracted scientific interest because of its multiple cosmetic and medicinal properties, attributable to compounds present in leaves and other parts of the plant. The collected literature data show that AV and its products have a beneficial influence on human health, both by topical and oral use, as juice or an extract. Several scientific studies demonstrated the numerous biological activities of AV, including, for instance, antiviral, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antifungal. Moreover, its important antidepressant activity in relation to several diseases, including skin disorders (psoriasis, acne, and so on) and prediabetes, is a growing field of research. This comprehensive review intends to present the most significant and recent studies regarding the plethora of AV's biological activities and an in-depth analysis exploring the component/s responsible for them. Moreover, its morphology and chemical composition are described, along with some studies regarding the single components of AV available in commerce. Finally, valorization studies and a discussion about the metabolism and toxicological aspects of this "Wonder Plant" are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca R Lupi
- Department of Information, Modeling, Electronics and System Engineering, (D.I.M.E.S.), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 39C, CS, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Gabriele
- Department of Information, Modeling, Electronics and System Engineering, (D.I.M.E.S.), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 39C, CS, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS-Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Kaur S, Bains K. Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera). INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:308-321. [PMID: 37915246 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera, AV) is a widely recognized for its diverse health-promoting, skin care, and medicinal properties. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of AV's bioactive compounds, pharmacological activities, potential applications, its toxic and adverse effects, as well as the clinical evidence supporting AV's efficacy in disease prevention. AV contains over 200 bioactive compounds, with the inner clear gel of the leaves containing the majority of these compounds. These include phenolic acids (274.5-307.5 mg/100 g), flavonoids. (3.63-4.70 g/kg), polysaccharides (3.82-6.55 g/kg), saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and anthraquinone derivatives. Findings from clinical studies involving both humans and animals highlight the therapeutic potential of AV across diverse health domains. The studies demonstrate AV's efficacy in reducing blood glucose levels, exhibiting antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, protecting the liver from damage, and displaying antimicrobial properties. In the fields of dermatology and dentistry, AV has also been observed to promote skin and oral health. However, it is imperative to acknowledge potential risks, adhere to recommended dosages, and seek guidance from healthcare experts before employing AV as a natural therapeutic option. Moreover, considering safety concerns, further well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to substantiate the potential benefits of AV and comprehensively assess any associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhdeep Kaur
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Kiran Bains
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Huo Z, Li J, Li X, Xiao H, Lin Y, Ma Y, Li J, Yang H, Zhang C. Functional fractions of Astragalus polysaccharides as a potential prebiotic to alleviate ulcerative colitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132580. [PMID: 38788871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine that is significantly influenced by an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Astragalus membranaceus, particularly its polysaccharide components, has shown therapeutic potential for the treatment of UC, although the specific active constituents and their mechanistic pathways remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated two molecular weight fractions of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), APS1 (Mw < 10 kDa) and APS2 (10 kDa < Mw < 50 kDa), isolated by ultrafiltration, focusing on their prebiotic effects, effects on UC, and the underlying mechanism. Our results showed that both APS1 and APS2 exhibit prebiotic properties, with APS1 significantly outperforming APS2 in ameliorating UC symptoms. APS1 significantly attenuated weight loss and UC manifestations, reduced colonic pathology, and improved intestinal mucosal barrier integrity. In addition, APS1 significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and colonic tissue, and downregulated colonic chemokines. Furthermore, APS1 ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced intestinal dysbiosis by promoting the growth of beneficial microbes and inhibiting the proliferation of potential pathogens, leading to a significant increase in short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of APS1 as a novel prebiotic for the prevention and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Huo
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, China
| | - Yang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuchan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiaru Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Chand M, Chopra R, Talwar B, Homroy S, Singh PK, Dhiman A, Payyunni AW. Unveiling the potential of linseed mucilage, its health benefits, and applications in food packaging. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1334247. [PMID: 38385008 PMCID: PMC10879465 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1334247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Industrial waste products derived from the oil industry often contain valuable substances and elements with great potential. These by-products can be used for various purposes, including as nutrients, bioactive compounds, fuels, and polymers. Linseed mucilage (LM) is one such example of a beneficial by-product obtained from linseed. It possesses favorable chemical and functional properties, depending on its method of extraction. Different pretreatments, such as enzymatic extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pulse electric field, and ultrasound-assisted extraction, have been explored by various researchers to enhance both the yield and quality of mucilage. Furthermore, LM has exhibited therapeutic effects in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, constipation, hyperlipidemia, cancer, and other lifestyle diseases. Additionally, it demonstrates favorable functional characteristics that make it suitable to be used in bioplastic production. These properties preserve food quality, prolong shelf life, and confer antimicrobial activity. It also has the potential to be used as a packaging material, especially considering the increasing demand for sustainable and biodegradable alternatives to plastics because of their detrimental impact on environmental health. This review primarily focuses on different extraction techniques used for linseed mucilage, its mechanism of action in terms of health benefits, and potential applications in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chand
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Rajni Chopra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Binanshu Talwar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Snigdha Homroy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Singh
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Food Technology, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Aishwarya Dhiman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
| | - Abdul Wahid Payyunni
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Haryana, India
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Silva FA, Queiroga RDCRDE, de Souza EL, Voss GB, Pintado MME, da Silva Vasconcelos MA. Ingredients from integral valorization of Isabel grape to formulate goat yogurt with stimulatory effects on probiotics and beneficial impacts on human colonic microbiota in vitro. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Coelho MC, Costa C, Roupar D, Silva S, Rodrigues AS, Teixeira JA, Pintado ME. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Tomato Flours Obtained after Conventional and Ohmic Heating Extraction and Its Prebiotic Properties. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091920. [PMID: 37174457 PMCID: PMC10178612 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have supported the positive functional health effects of both prebiotics and probiotics on gut microbiota. Among these, the selective growth of beneficial bacteria due to the use of prebiotics and bioactive compounds as an energy and carbon source is critical to promote the development of healthy microbiota within the human gut. The present work aimed to assess the fermentability of tomato flour obtained after ohmic (SFOH) and conventional (SFCONV) extraction of phenolic compounds and carotenoids as well as their potential impact upon specific microbiota groups. To accomplish this, the attained bagasse flour was submitted to an in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal digestion before its potential fermentability and impact upon gut microbiota (using an in vitro fecal fermentation model). Different impacts on the probiotic strains studied were observed for SFCONV promoting the B. animalis growth, while SFOH promoted the B. longum, probably based on the different carbohydrate profiles of the flours. Overall, the flours used were capable of functioning as a direct substrate to support potential prebiotic growth for Bifidus longum. The fecal fermentation model results showed the highest Bacteroidetes growth with SFOH and the highest values of Bacteroides with SFCONV. A correlation between microorganisms' growth and short-chain fatty acids was also found. This by-product seems to promote beneficial effects on microbiota flora and could be a potential prebiotic ingredient, although more extensive in vivo trials would be necessary to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta C Coelho
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Costa
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dalila Roupar
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - A Sebastião Rodrigues
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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Oh JH, Jang YS, Kang D, Kim HS, Kim EJ, Park SY, Kim CH, Min YW, Chang DK. Efficacy of a Synbiotic Containing Lactobacillus paracasei DKGF1 and Opuntia humifusa in Elderly Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Gut Liver 2023; 17:100-107. [PMID: 35611667 PMCID: PMC9840930 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims There is increasing evidence that supplementation with pre- and probiotics appears to have positive effects on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a new synbiotic formulation on gastrointestinal symptoms in elderly patients with IBS. Methods Sixty-seven IBS patients aged ≥60 years were randomly assigned to either a placebo group (n=34) or a synbiotic group (n=33). During a 4-week intervention, subjects used a placebo or a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus paracasei DKGF1 and extracts of Opuntia humifusa once a day. Patients were evaluated with the subject global assessment, visual analog scale, and Bristol stool chart. The primary outcome was the overall responder rate and the secondary outcome was the responder rates for abdominal symptom reduction at week 4. Results Overall, responder rates were significantly higher in the synbiotic group (51.5%) than in the placebo group (23.5%) (p=0.017). Abdominal pain (58.8% vs 81.8%) and psychological well-being (26.4% vs 60.6%) were noticeably improved in the synbiotic group (p=0.038 and p=0.004, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in gas and bloating symptoms (p=0.88 and p=0.88, respectively). In patients with constipation-dominant and diarrhea-dominant IBS (n=16), the synbiotic significantly improved abdominal pain and defecation symptoms (responder rates for the placebo vs the synbiotic: 22.2% vs 85.7%, p=0.04). There were no adverse events in either group. Conclusions The results indicate that this new synbiotic supplement can potentially relieve abdominal symptoms in elderly IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Oh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Sil Jang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Danbee Kang
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - So-Young Park
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea,Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hyun Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yang Won Min
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding AuthorYang Won Min, ORCIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-1305, E-mail
| | - Dong Kyung Chang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lin Q, Liu M, Erhunmwunsee F, Li B, Mou Y, Wang S, Zhang G, Tian J. Chinese patent medicine shouhui tongbian capsule attenuated loperamide-induced constipation through modulating the gut microbiota in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115575. [PMID: 35934189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shouhui tongbian capsule (SHTC) is a commercial Chinese patent medicine used in the treatment of constipation. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to assess SHTC relieved effects on the clinical symptoms of loperamide (LOP) induced constipation in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model and to clarify the relationship between the protective effect of SHTC on constipation and the gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Constipation male SD rats models were induced with solution of LOP (1.5 mg/kg bw), and rats were treated with an oral dose of SHTC (35, 70 mg/kg bw) three times a day after successful modeling. All rats were assessed weekly by change in body weight, gastric emptying rate, fecal moisture content and wet/dry weight. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were used to observe parts of the rats small intestine. The gut microbiota in colonic contents was analyzed using 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GCMS). RESULTS The results confirmed the therapeutic effects of SHTC on constipation. Specifically, SHTC could alleviate the decrease in body weight, gastric emptying rate and fecal moisture content caused by LOP-induced constipation. The pathological damage of small intestine was significantly improved by H&E staining. Notably, SHTC increased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides (F/B). In addition, the content of acetic acid and propionic acid was significantly increased in constipated rats fed with SHTC. CONCLUSION SHTC could ameliorate the development of LOP-induced constipation in rats by remodeling the structure of gut microbial community and regulating production of intestinal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lin
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Man Liu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Famous Erhunmwunsee
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yanfang Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China.
| | - Jun Tian
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Involvement of the Intestinal Microbiota in the Appearance of Multiple Sclerosis: Aloe vera and Citrus bergamia as Potential Candidates for Intestinal Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132711. [PMID: 35807891 PMCID: PMC9269320 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological and inflammatory autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System in which selective activation of T and B lymphocytes prompts a reaction against myelin, inducing demyelination and axonal loss. Although MS is recognized to be an autoimmune pathology, the specific causes are many; thus, to date, it has been considered a disorder resulting from environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. Among the environmental factors hypothetically involved in MS, nutrition seems to be well related, although the role of nutritional factors is still unclear. The gut of mammals is home to a bacterial community of about 2000 species known as the “microbiota”, whose composition changes throughout the life of each individual. There are five bacterial phylas that make up the microbiota in healthy adults: Firmicutes (79.4%), Bacteroidetes (16.9%), Actinobacteria (2.5%), Proteobacteria (1%) and Verrucomicrobia (0.1%). The diversity and abundance of microbial populations justifies a condition known as eubiosis. On the contrary, the state of dysbiosis refers to altered diversity and abundance of the microbiota. Many studies carried out in the last few years have demonstrated that there is a relationship between the intestinal microflora and the progression of multiple sclerosis. This correlation was also demonstrated by the discovery that patients with MS, treated with specific prebiotics and probiotics, have greatly increased bacterial diversity in the intestinal microbiota, which might be otherwise reduced or absent. In particular, natural extracts of Aloe vera and bergamot fruits, rich in polyphenols and with a high percentage of polysaccharides (mostly found in indigestible and fermentable fibers), appear to be potential candidates to re-equilibrate the gut microbiota in MS patients. The present review article aims to assess the pathophysiological mechanisms that reveal the role of the microbiota in the development of MS. In addition, the potential for supplementing patients undergoing early stages of MS with Aloe vera as well as bergamot fibers, on top of conventional drug treatments, is discussed.
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Wu DT, An LY, Liu W, Hu YC, Wang SP, Zou L. In vitro fecal fermentation properties of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis and related modulation effects on gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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del Mar Contreras M, Romero-García JM, López-Linares JC, Romero I, Castro E. Residues from grapevine and wine production as feedstock for a biorefinery. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Coelho M, Oliveira C, Coscueta ER, Fernandes J, Pereira RN, Teixeira JA, Rodrigues AS, Pintado ME. Bioactivity and Bioaccessibility of Bioactive Compounds in Gastrointestinal Digestion of Tomato Bagasse Extracts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071064. [PMID: 35407151 PMCID: PMC8997470 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A nutrient-rich diet is a key to improving the chemical signals, such as antioxidants, which modulate pathogens’ resistance in the gut and prevent diseases. A current industrial problem is the generation of undervalued by-products, such as tomato bagasse, which are rich in bioactive compounds and of commercial interest (carotenoids and phenolic compounds). This work analyzed the effect of gastrointestinal digestion on the bioactivity and bioaccessibility of carotenoids and phenolic compounds from tomato bagasse extracts. Thus, the extraction by ohmic heating (OH) technology was compared with conventional (organic solvents). The results showed that the main phenolic compounds identified by UPLC-qTOF-MS were p-coumaric acid, naringenin, and luteolin. A higher recovery index for total phenolic compounds throughout the gastrointestinal digestion was observed for OH while for carotenoids, a strong reduction after stomach conditions was observed for both extracts. Furthermore, colon-available fraction exhibited a prebiotic effect upon different Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, but a strain-dependent and more accentuated effect on OH. Thus, the extraction technology highly influenced bioaccessibility, with OH demonstrating a positive impact on the recovery of bioactive compounds and related health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, prebiotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Of these properties, the last is demonstrated here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Coelho
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (C.O.); (E.R.C.); (J.F.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory-CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
| | - Carla Oliveira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (C.O.); (E.R.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Ezequiel R. Coscueta
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (C.O.); (E.R.C.); (J.F.)
| | - João Fernandes
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (C.O.); (E.R.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Ricardo N. Pereira
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory-CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
| | - José A. Teixeira
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory-CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (R.N.P.); (J.A.T.)
| | - António Sebastião Rodrigues
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Manuela E. Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (C.O.); (E.R.C.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Ahluwalia B, Magnusson MK, Böhn L, Störsrud S, Larsson F, Öhman L, Simrén M. Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract improves symptoms in IBS patients with diarrhoea: post hoc analysis of two randomized double-blind controlled studies. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2021; 14:17562848211048133. [PMID: 34646359 PMCID: PMC8504273 DOI: 10.1177/17562848211048133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe barbadensis Mill. (Aloe) extract was found to be well-tolerated, safe and showed beneficial effects in subsets of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients in two randomized, double-blind, controlled studies. However, the individual studies were underpowered to perform subgroup analyses. We therefore determined the effect of Aloe extract in IBS subgroups in a post hoc analysis combining the results from the two studies. METHODS Data from the two controlled studies comparing Aloe and control treatment taken orally for 4 weeks, were pooled. Both studies included IBS patients fulfilling the ROME III criteria and IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS) was assessed. We analysed the effect of Aloe extract on IBS symptom severity and the proportion of responders (IBS-SSS reduction ⩾ 50) in IBS subgroups. RESULTS In total, 213 IBS patients were included in the post hoc subgroup analyses. A reduction in overall symptom severity, primarily driven by effect on pain severity and frequency, comparing baseline versus end of treatment, was recorded in IBS patients with diarrhoea (IBS-D) receiving Aloe (n = 38, p < 0.001) but not control treatment (n = 33, p = 0.33), with difference between the treatment groups (p = 0.01). Moreover, the frequency of responders was higher in IBS-D patients receiving Aloe (n = 22, 58%) compared to control treatment (n = 10, 30%) (p = 0.02). The effect of Aloe extract treatment on IBS symptom severity was not superior to control treatment in the other IBS subtypes. CONCLUSION Aloe extract improves symptom severity in IBS-D patients and can be regarded as a safe and effective treatment option for this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Ahluwalia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Research and Development, Calmino Group AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria K. Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Böhn
- Research and Development, Calmino Group AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stine Störsrud
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Larsson
- Research and Development, Calmino Group AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Functional Gastrointestinal & Motility Disorders, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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14
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Dybka-Stępień K, Otlewska A, Góźdź P, Piotrowska M. The Renaissance of Plant Mucilage in Health Promotion and Industrial Applications: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103354. [PMID: 34684354 PMCID: PMC8539170 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant mucilage is a renewable and cost-effective source of plant-based compounds that are biologically active, biodegradable, biocompatible, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly. Until recently, plant mucilage has been of interest mostly for technological purposes. This review examined both its traditional uses and potential modern applications in a new generation of health-promoting foods, as well as in cosmetics and biomaterials. We explored the nutritional, phytochemical, and pharmacological richness of plant mucilage, with a particular focus on its biological activity. We also highlighted areas where more research is needed in order to understand the full commercial potential of plant mucilage.
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15
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Xie M, Tao W, Wu F, Wu K, Huang X, Ling G, Zhao C, Lv Q, Wang Q, Zhou X, Chen Y, Yuan Q, Chen Y. Anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective activities of traditional Chinese medicine-derived polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:917-934. [PMID: 34229020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), a leading cause of death in modern society, have become a major public health issue globally. Although numerous approaches have been proposed to reduce morbidity and mortality, the pursuit of pharmaceuticals with more preventive and/or therapeutic value remains a focus of attention. Being a vast treasure trove of natural drug molecules, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history of clinical use in the prophylaxis and remedy of CVDs. Increasing lines of preclinical evidence have demonstrated the effectiveness of TCM-derived polysaccharides on hindering the progression of CVDs, e.g. hypertension, myocardial infarction. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are few reviews on the application of TCM-derived polysaccharides in combating CVDs. Hence, we provide an overview of primary literature on the anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective activities of herbal polysaccharides. Additionally, we also discuss the current limitations and propose a new hypothesis about how polysaccharides exert cardiovascular effects based on the metabolism of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaotian Xie
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Weili Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengjia Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunlin Wu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiujie Huang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Gensong Ling
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanyi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiongjin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianhuan Zhou
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Yuan
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Guo Y, Chen X, Gong P, Chen F, Cui D, Wang M. Advances in the
in vitro
digestion and fermentation of polysaccharides. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
- Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Product Processing Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi’an University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710054 China
| | - Dandan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
| | - Mengrao Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi'an 710021 China
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17
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Gual-Grau A, Guirro M, Crescenti A, Boqué N, Arola L. In vitro fermentability of a broad range of natural ingredients by fecal microbiota from lean and obese individuals: potential health benefits. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 73:195-209. [PMID: 34294012 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1954144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and related complications is continuously increasing while the gut microbiota might have a significant role to address this challenge. In this context, the food industry generates large amounts of residues that could be likely revalorised as functional ingredients. Hence, we evaluated the fermentability of food skins, husks, shells, trimming residues, mosses and mushrooms, which were subjected to in vitro fermentation with faecal microbiota from lean and obese adults. We demonstrated for the first time that pumpkin skin is highly fermented by human faecal microbiota showing pH-lowering effects and promoting gas and SCFA production. Furthermore, brewers' spent grain generated an inulin-like SCFA profile after microbial fermentation, whereas Irish moss, plum skin, quinoa husk and mushrooms, including Armillaria mellea and Boletus edulis, showed high fermentation rates. Remarkably, although propionate production was significantly higher in obese individuals, the fermentability of the ingredients was similar between lean and obese conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Gual-Grau
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Guirro
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat-Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Crescenti
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain
| | - Noemí Boqué
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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18
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Ahmed S, Muhammad T, Zaidi A. Cottage cheese enriched with lactobacilli encapsulated in alginate–chitosan microparticles forestalls perishability and augments probiotic activity. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ahmed
- National Probiotic Laboratory National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) Jhang Road Faisalabad38000Pakistan
- NIBGE_C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Lehtrar Road Islamabad45650Pakistan
| | - Tariq Muhammad
- National Probiotic Laboratory National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) Jhang Road Faisalabad38000Pakistan
- NIBGE_C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Lehtrar Road Islamabad45650Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Laboratory National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) Jhang Road Faisalabad38000Pakistan
- NIBGE_C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS) Lehtrar Road Islamabad45650Pakistan
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19
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Menezes FNDD, da Cruz Almeida ÉT, da Silva Vieira AR, de Souza Aquino J, Dos Santos Lima M, Magnani M, de Souza EL. Impact of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) by-Product on Composition and Metabolic Activity of Human Colonic Microbiota In Vitro Indicates Prebiotic Properties. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2264-2274. [PMID: 33934170 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cashew apple by-product (CAB) is an important agro-industrial waste still underutilized, although it has been characterized as source of a variety of nutrients and bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the capability of freeze-dried CAB (FCAB) submitted to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion of inducing changes in relative abundance of distinct microbial groups found as part of human colonic microbiota, as well as in pH and short-chain fatty acid production during a 24-h in vitro fermentation using a pooled human fecal inocula. FCAB increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus during colonic fermentation, besides to decrease the relative abundance of Bacteroides/Prevotella, Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides, and Clostridium histolyticum. FCAB increased the counts of lactic acid bacteria and decreased the counts of Enterobacteriaceae during colonic fermentation. Furthermore, FCAB decreased pH and increased the production of short-chain fatty acids in colonic fermentation media. These effects could be linked to contents of dietary fibers and the presence of fructans and different phenolic compounds found in FCAB. These results showed that FCAB induced positive alterations in composition and metabolic activity of human colonic microbiota in vitro, which indicate prebiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Nayara Dantas Duarte Menezes
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Érika Tayse da Cruz Almeida
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Arthur Rodrigo da Silva Vieira
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrtition, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão de Pernambuco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Foods, Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, Brazil.
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20
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An J, Lee H, Lee S, Song Y, Kim J, Park IH, Kong H, Kim K. Modulation of Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in the Fat by an Aloe Gel-based Formula, QDMC, Is Correlated with Altered Gut Microbiota. Immune Netw 2021; 21:e15. [PMID: 33996171 PMCID: PMC8099612 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal inflammatory responses are closely associated with intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Oral administration of Qmatrix-diabetes-mellitus complex (QDMC), an Aloe gel-based formula, has been reported to improve inflammation in type 2 diabetic mice; however, the role of the gut microbiota in ameliorating efficacy of QDMC remains unclear. We investigated the effect of QDMC on the gut microbiota in a type 2 diabetic aged mouse model that was administered a high-fat diet. Proinflammatory (TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokine levels in the fat were normalized via oral administration of QDMC, and relative abundances of Bacteroides, Butyricimonas, Ruminococcus, and Mucispirillum were simultaneously significantly increased. The abundance of these bacteria was correlated to the expression levels of cytokines. Our findings suggest that the immunomodulatory activity of QDMC is partly mediated by the altered gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho An
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Heetae Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Sungwon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Youngcheon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Climacteric Natural Products Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Il Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Hyunseok Kong
- Climacteric Natural Products Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea.,College of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Kyungjae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
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21
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Liu C, Du P, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Hu B, Yao W, Zhu X, Qian H. Study on fecal fermentation characteristics of aloe polysaccharides in vitro and their predictive modeling. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117571. [PMID: 33483068 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aloe polysaccharides (APs) are well-known plant polysaccharides, but little is known about their digestion and fermentation characteristics in vitro. In this study, the molecular weight of APs had no significant changes after gastric and intestinal digestion. During the fecal fermentation, the content of volatiles and pH value decreased continuously, while the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration increased significantly. Additionally, the abundance of the microbiota associated with the metabolism of SCFAs was increased, including Prevotella, Catenibacterium, Lachnospiraceae, and Coprococcus, while the harmful microbiota was decreased, like Escherichia-Shigella, and Veillonella. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis indicated that APs boosted fructose and mannose metabolism, and the gene expressions of enzymes, containing mannose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC:5.3.1.8]. Structural equation modeling also highlighted that SCFAs-producing microbiota were primary degraders of APs, suggesting APs may facilitate the manufacture of functional foods with the purpose of maintaining intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Peng Du
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142. China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, No. 18 Xuezheng Str, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China.
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, and International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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22
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Kassem IAA, Joshua Ashaolu T, Kamel R, Elkasabgy NA, Afifi SM, Farag MA. Mucilage as a functional food hydrocolloid: ongoing and potential applications in prebiotics and nutraceuticals. Food Funct 2021; 12:4738-4748. [PMID: 34100507 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00438g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucilage is a soluble dietary fiber used as a food additive to give foods a firmer texture, aside from its many health benefits and pharmacological properties. It is a polysaccharide in nature, composed of large molecules of sugars and uronic acid moieties. The extraction of mucilage is achieved from a wide variety of plant parts, including rhizomes, roots, and seeds, and it has also been reported from microorganisms. In this review, the nutritional and medicinal applications of mucilage are described in the context of the different mucilage types. The current article highlights state-of-the-art valorization practices relating to mucilage and its potential novel usages in the food industry and nutraceuticals, and as a prebiotic, in addition to its nutritional and anti-nutritional values. Analysis of the prebiotic action of mucilage with respect to its structure activity relationship, as well as how it modulates gut bacteria, is presented for the first time and in the context of its known health benefits inside the colon. It is recommended that more investigations are carried out to maximize the health benefits of mucilage and ensure its safety, especially upon long-term usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman A A Kassem
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam and Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Rabab Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt. and Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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23
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Álvarez C, González A, Alonso JL, Sáez F, Negro MJ, Gullón B. Xylooligosaccharides from steam-exploded barley straw: Structural features and assessment of bifidogenic properties. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Harris HC, Morrison DJ, Edwards CA. Impact of the source of fermentable carbohydrate on SCFA production by human gut microbiota in vitro - a systematic scoping review and secondary analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3892-3903. [PMID: 32865002 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1809991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) are produced by bacterial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) and have many potential tissue and SCFA specific actions, from providing fuel for colonic cells to appetite regulation. Many studies have described the fermentation of different carbohydrates, often using in vitro batch culture. As evidence-based critical evaluation of substrates selectively promoting production of individual SCFA is lacking, we performed a systematic scoping literature review. Databases were searched to identify relevant papers published between 1900 and 12/06/2016. Search terms included In vitro batch fermentation and In vitro short chain fatty acid production. Articles were considered for essential criteria allowing equivalent comparison of SCFA between NDC. Seventy seven articles were included in the final analysis examining 29 different carbohydrates. After 24-hour fermentation, galacto-oligosaccharide ranked highest for butyrate and total SCFA production and second for acetate production. Rhamnose ranked highest for propionate production. The lowest SCFA production was observed for kiwi fiber, polydextrose, and cellulose. This review demonstrates that choosing a substrate to selectively enhance a specific SCFA is difficult, and the molar proportion of each SCFA produced by individual substrates may be misleading. Instead the rate and ratio of SCFA production should be evaluated in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Harris
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Douglas J Morrison
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christine A Edwards
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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25
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Dimidi E, Whelan K. Food supplements and diet as treatment options in irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13951. [PMID: 32697018 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional bowel disorder affecting 5.7% of the general population. Most patients relate their symptoms of IBS to foods they consume with diet being the most frequently reported factor impacting their life. However, although some foods may trigger symptoms, others may provide symptom relief. Indeed, several foods and diets have been investigated for their effectiveness in relieving IBS symptoms. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 160 patients with IBS demonstrated Aloe vera not to be effective in improving IBS symptoms. The aim of this review is to discuss the evidence on the effect of food supplements and diets in the management of IBS. Specifically, this review examines the evidence for aloe vera, peppermint oil, probiotics, fiber and prebiotics, healthy eating, the low FODMAP diet, and the gluten-free diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Dimidi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Ahluwalia B, Magnusson MK, Böhn L, Störsrud S, Larsson F, Savolainen O, Ross A, Simrén M, Öhman L. Randomized clinical trial: Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract on symptoms, fecal microbiota and fecal metabolite profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13860. [PMID: 32314514 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe barbadensis Mill. (Aloe) with potential prebiotic effects has been suggested to reduce symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We therefore aimed to determine the effects of an Aloe extract on symptoms of IBS, and evaluate whether effects may be mediated by fecal microbiota and metabolites in a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. METHODS Patient with IBS diagnosed according to the ROME III criteria (all subtypes), received Aloe or control treatment (inulin) for 4 weeks. IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS) was assessed, and fecal samples collected before and at end of treatment. Fecal microbiota composition and metabolomic profile were determined. KEY RESULTS In total, 160 IBS patients completed the study. The overall severity of IBS symptoms was reduced in both Aloe and control treatment groups (P < .001, both groups, comparing baseline vs end of treatment), without difference between groups (P = .62). The frequency of responders (IBS-SSS reduction ≥ 50) did not differ between Aloe treatment (n = 33, 39%) and control (n = 34, 45%) (P = .49). However, fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles differed between Aloe, but not control treatment responders and non-responders both before and after treatment. CONCLUSION In a mixed group of IBS patients, Aloe was not superior to control treatment, although it showed potential to reduce IBS symptom severity in subsets of IBS patients which could be predicted by fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT01400048.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Ahluwalia
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Calmino Group AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria K Magnusson
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Böhn
- Calmino Group AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stine Störsrud
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Otto Savolainen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alastair Ross
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Proteins and Metabolites Team, AgResearch, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Magnus Simrén
- Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lena Öhman
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Liu CY, Meng J, Qiu JY, Geng XQ, Sun HQ, Zhu ZY. Structural characterization and prebiotic potential of an acidic polysaccharide from Imperial Chrysanthemum. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:586-594. [PMID: 32686492 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1795657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel water-soluble polysaccharide, named ICP-1, was isolated and purified by Sephadex G-200 after extracting the crude polysaccharide (ICP) from Imperial Chrysanthemum. The structural characterization of ICP-1 was determined by physical and chemical methods, FT-IR, NMR, SEM, HPGPC, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation and Congo red test. Then, acid production and proliferation of lactic acid bacteria and the tolerance tests of simulated gastrointestinal fluid were measured to investigate the activity of prebiotic potential. The results showed that ICP-1 was an acidic hetero-polysaccharide with an average molecular weight of 2.98 × 103 kDa and a specific optical rotation of +155°. The glycosyl residues of ICP-1 were composed of (1→), (1→4) and (1→6) glucose, (1→5) arabinose, (1→4) galacturonic acid and (1→3,6) mannose. Besides, ICP-1 can speed up the acid production of lactic acid bacteria and promote the growth and proliferation of lactic acid bacteria effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jie Meng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Qing Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Bloomer RJ, Butawan M, van der Merwe M, Keating FH. An Assessment of the Glyconutrient Ambrotose™ on Immunity, Gut Health, and Safety in Men and Women: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061751. [PMID: 32545396 PMCID: PMC7353283 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Certain dietary fibers have been reported to improve gut health and cellular immunity. Ambrotose is a glyconutrient supplement that contains mannose-rich polysaccharides (acemannan), reported to improve immune function. A more nutrient-dense version of this dietary supplement has been developed recently, with added aloe leaf gel powder (acemannan). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the traditional and newly developed Ambrotose products on immunity, gut health, and psychological well-being in healthy men and women. Methods: Seventy-five men and women were randomly assigned in double-blind manner to one of five treatments, as follows: Ambrotose Advanced (AA) at 2 or 4 g daily, Ambrotose LIFE (AL) at 2 or 4 g daily, or placebo. Subjects ingested their assigned treatment daily for eight weeks. Resting heart rate, blood pressure, and measures of psychological well-being were analyzed before and after four and eight weeks of supplementation. Blood samples were collected at the same times and analyzed for zonulin, hematology measures, and cytokines—IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α (analyzed both with and without stimulation via lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). Results: All Ambrotose treatments were well-tolerated. There were no differences among treatments in heart rate or blood pressure across time. Self-reported well-being scores were generally higher for the Ambrotose treatments but there were no changes of statistical significance across time (p > 0.05). Differences of statistical significance were noted for select biochemical variables, the most notable being a dramatic decrease in monocytes in the Ambrotose groups. No change was noted in the cytokine response to LPS stimulation in all groups, indicating a maintenance of a healthy immune response. Conclusion:Regular supplementation with Ambrotose is safe and can improve subclinical cellular adversity (as evidenced by a decrease in monocytes), without unnecessary activation of an immune response.
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29
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Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe Vera and its Major Active Constituents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061324. [PMID: 32183224 PMCID: PMC7144722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera has been traditionally used to treat skin injuries (burns, cuts, insect bites, and eczemas) and digestive problems because its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. Research on this medicinal plant has been aimed at validating traditional uses and deepening the mechanism of action, identifying the compounds responsible for these activities. The most investigated active compounds are aloe-emodin, aloin, aloesin, emodin, and acemannan. Likewise, new actions have been investigated for Aloe vera and its active compounds. This review provides an overview of current pharmacological studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials), written in English during the last six years (2014–2019). In particular, new pharmacological data research has shown that most studies refer to anti-cancer action, skin and digestive protective activity, and antimicrobial properties. Most recent works are in vitro and in vivo. Clinical trials have been conducted just with Aloe vera, but not with isolated compounds; therefore, it would be interesting to study the clinical effect of relevant metabolites in different human conditions and pathologies. The promising results of these studies in basic research encourage a greater number of clinical trials to test the clinical application of Aloe vera and its main compounds, particularly on bone protection, cancer, and diabetes.
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Tornero-Martínez A, Cruz-Ortiz R, Jaramillo-Flores ME, Osorio-Díaz P, Ávila-Reyes SV, Alvarado-Jasso GM, Mora-Escobedo R. In vitro Fermentation of Polysaccharides from Aloe vera and the Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids. Molecules 2019; 24:E3605. [PMID: 31591306 PMCID: PMC6803901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble or fermentable fibre has prebiotic effects that can be used in the food industry to modify the composition of microbiota species to benefit human health. Prebiotics mostly target Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains, among others, which can fight against chronic diseases since colonic fermentation produces short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present work studied the changes produced in the fibre and polyphenolic compounds during in vitro digestion of gel (AV) and a polysaccharide extract (AP) from Aloe vera, after which, these fractions were subjected to in vitro colonic fermentation to evaluate the changes in antioxidant capacity and SCFAs production during the fermentation. The results showed that the phenolic compounds increased during digestion, but were reduced in fermentation, as a consequence, the antioxidant activity increased significantly in AV and AP after the digestion. On the other hand, during in vitro colon fermentation, the unfermented fibre of AV and AP responded as lactulose and the total volume of gas produced, which indicates the possible use of Aloe vera and polysaccharide extract as prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tornero-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB, Campus Zacatenco. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal 699, Alcaldía G.A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07360, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Rubén Cruz-Ortiz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB, Campus Zacatenco. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal 699, Alcaldía G.A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07360, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - María Eugenia Jaramillo-Flores
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB, Campus Zacatenco. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal 699, Alcaldía G.A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07360, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Perla Osorio-Díaz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, Yautepec C.P. 62731, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Sandra Victoria Ávila-Reyes
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, Yautepec C.P. 62731, Morelos, Mexico.
- CONACYT-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI, Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Km. 6, Yautepec C.P. 62731, Morelos, Mexico.
| | | | - Rosalva Mora-Escobedo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, ENCB, Campus Zacatenco. Miguel Othón de Mendizábal 699, Alcaldía G.A. Madero, Ciudad de México C.P. 07360, CDMX, Mexico.
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31
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Pressman P, Clemens R, Hayes AW. Aloe veraat the frontier of glycobiology and integrative medicine: Health implications of an ancient plant. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119875921. [PMID: 35154752 PMCID: PMC8826108 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119875921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera plant extracts are ubiquitous in foods, cosmetics, and medicine. Like all plants, these extracts contain an array of potential bioactives or glycans, which may contribute to health when applied or consumed. In the Aloe vera plant, these bioactives are dominated by acemannan, a type of carbohydrate, and related complexes of saccharides, proteins, and lipids. Clinical data suggest aloe extracts may be beneficial in the management of cutaneous and some systemic conditions, such as some forms of immune dysfunction, atherogenesis, malignancy, and numerous cell functions. These extracts also contain an entourage of bioactive substances that may be allergenic and potentially toxic as well as salutary. These substances include aloin and a variety of anthracenes. The concentrations of potential allergens, aloin, and related compounds are markedly reduced through controlled decolorization processes that are utilized by leading Aloe products manufacturers. The entourage effects of contemporary Aloe vera when consumed or applied topically represent opportunities for clinical investigation which may be applied to commercial consumer products and therapeutic indications. Future research should fully explore the range of bioactive glycan components and their respective safety and efficacy. The history and ongoing popularity of Aloe vera products represent a pragmatic mandate for well-designed investigation into the diverse functional roles of glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Clemens
- International Center for Regulatory Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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32
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Sun Y, Cui X, Duan M, Ai C, Song S, Chen X. In vitro fermentation of κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides by human gut microbiota and its inflammatory effect on HT29 cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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33
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Dey P. Gut microbiota in phytopharmacology: A comprehensive overview of concepts, reciprocal interactions, biotransformations and mode of actions. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104367. [PMID: 31344423 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic and delicate interactions amongst intestinal microbiota, metabolome and metabolism dictates human health and disease. In recent years, our understanding of gut microbial regulation of intestinal immunometabolic and redox homeostasis have evolved mainly out of in vivo studies associated with high-fat feeding induced metabolic diseases. Techniques utilizing fecal transplantation and germ-free mice have been instrumental in reproducibly demonstrating how the gut microbiota affects disease pathogenesis. However, the pillars of modern drug discovery i.e. evidence-based pharmacological studies critically lack focus on intestinal microflora. This is primarily due to targeted in vitro molecular-approaches at cellular-level that largely overlook the etiology of disease pathogenesis from the physiological perspective. Thus, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the key notions of intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis, and highlight the microbiota-phytochemical bidirectional interactions that affects bioavailability and bioactivity of parent phytochemicals and their metabolites. Potentially by focusing on the three major aspects of gut microbiota i.e. microbial abundance, diversity, and functions, I will discuss phytochemical-microbiota reciprocal interactions, biotransformation of phytochemicals and plant-derived drugs, and pre-clinical and clinical efficacies of herbal medicine on dysbiosis. Additionally, in relation to phytochemical pharmacology, I will briefly discuss the role of dietary-patterns associated with changes in microbial profiles and review pharmacological study models considering possible microbial effects. This review therefore, emphasize on the timely and critically needed evidence-based phytochemical studies focusing on gut microbiota and will provide newer insights for future pre-clinical and clinical phytopharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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34
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Vine shoots as new source for the manufacture of prebiotic oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 207:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Fu Y, Zhang J, Chen K, Xiao C, Fan L, Zhang B, Ren J, Fang B. An in vitro fermentation study on the effects of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides on human intestinal microbiota from fecal microbiota transplantation donors. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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36
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Carvalho NMD, Teixeira F, Silva S, Madureira AR, Pintado ME. Potential prebiotic activity of Tenebrio molitor insect flour using an optimized in vitro gut microbiota model. Food Funct 2019; 10:3909-3922. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01536h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Potential prebiotic activity of Tenebrio molitor insect flour using an optimized in vitro gut microbiota model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Mota de Carvalho
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- 4200-374 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Francisco Teixeira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- 4200-374 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- 4200-374 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Madureira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- 4200-374 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Manuela Estevez Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa
- CBQF – Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina – Laboratório Associado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia
- 4200-374 Porto
- Portugal
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37
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Understanding the impact of chia seed mucilage on human gut microbiota by using the dynamic gastrointestinal model simgi®. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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38
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Di T, Chen G, Sun Y, Ou S, Zeng X, Ye H. In vitro digestion by saliva, simulated gastric and small intestinal juices and fermentation by human fecal microbiota of sulfated polysaccharides from Gracilaria rubra. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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39
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Quezada MP, Salinas C, Gotteland M, Cardemil L. Acemannan and Fructans from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Plants as Novel Prebiotics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10029-10039. [PMID: 29072072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The nutraceutical properties of Aloe vera have been attributed to a glucomannan known as acemannan. Recently information has been published about the presence of fructans in Aloe vera but there are no publications about acemannan and fructans as prebiotic compounds. This study investigated in vitro the prebiotic properties of these polysaccharides. Our results demonstrated that fructans from Aloe vera induced bacterial growth better than inulin (commercial FOS). Acemannan stimulated bacterial growth less than fructans, and as much as commercial FOS. Using qPCR to study the bacterial population of human feces fermented in a bioreactor simulating colon conditions, we found that fructans induce an increase in the population of Bifidobacterium spp. Fructans produced greater amounts of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), while the branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) did not increase with these polysaccharides. Acemannan increased significantly acetate concentrations. Therefore, both Aloe vera polysaccharides have prebiotic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paz Quezada
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile , Las Palmeras, 3425, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile , Av. Independencia, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Salinas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile , Las Palmeras, 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Gotteland
- Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile , Av. Independencia, 1027 Santiago, Chile
| | - Liliana Cardemil
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile , Las Palmeras, 3425, Santiago, Chile
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40
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Randomized double blind crossover trial of Aloe vera , Cnidoscolus chayamansa and placebo for reducing hyperglycemia in women with early metabolic syndrome. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Buruiana CT, Gómez B, Vizireanu C, Garrote G. Manufacture and evaluation of xylooligosaccharides from corn stover as emerging prebiotic candidates for human health. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Mitra D, Basu A, Das B, Jena AK, De A, Das M, Bhattacharya S, Samanta A. Gum odina: an emerging gut modulating approach in colorectal cancer prevention. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is focused on Gum Odina (GO), a reported prebiotic in our earlier work, and its impact on colorectal cancer (CRC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Mitra
- Division of Microbiology
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Abhishek Basu
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Bhaskar Das
- Division of Microbiology
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Aditya Kr. Jena
- Division of Microbiology
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Arnab De
- Division of Microbiology
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Mousumi Das
- Division of Microbiology
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Sudin Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Amalesh Samanta
- Division of Microbiology
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata
- India
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Akaberi M, Sobhani Z, Javadi B, Sahebkar A, Emami SA. Therapeutic effects of Aloe spp. in traditional and modern medicine: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:759-772. [PMID: 27716590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine is a useful guide in medical sciences. In the Islamic Iranian traditional medicine, the medicinal properties of many plants have been mentioned that could be exploited in drug discovery. We aimed to explore the nature and properties of Aloe spp. As described in some major Islamic traditional texts including Ferdows al-Hekmah fi'l-Tibbe (The Paradise of Wisdom in Medicine), Al-Hawi fi'l-Tibb (Comprehensive Book of Medicine), Kamel al-Sanaat al-Tibbyyah (Complete Book of the Medical Art), Al-Qanun fi'l-Tibb (Canon of Medicine), Zakhireh Kharazmshahi (Treasure of Kharazmshah), and Makhzan al-Adwiah (Drug Treasure), and assess the conformity of traditional medicine instructions with the findings of modern pharmacological studies. Gastrointestinal activities, hepato-protective properties, beneficial effects against skin problems such as wounds, injuries, and infective diseases are among the most frequently mentioned properties of Aloe spp. Several activities of Aloe spp. described in traditional medicine have been the subject of recent in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical trials. Owing to the positive findings, different preparations of Aloe spp. are now present in pharmaceutical markets such as Aloe cosmetic products. On the other hand, there are many traditional therapeutic effects of Aloe spp. which have not been studied and require confirmatory experimental or clinical investigations. It is hoped that the present study could stimulate further research on the unexplored aspects of the medicinal properties of Aloe spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sobhani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ren D, Hu Y, Luo Y, Yang X. Selenium-containing polysaccharides from Ziyang green tea ameliorate high-fructose diet induced insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative stress in mice. Food Funct 2016; 6:3342-50. [PMID: 26267675 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00557d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of selenium-containing tea polysaccharides (Se-GTP) from a new variety of selenium-enriched Ziyang green tea against high fructose (HF)-induced insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative stress in mice. Healthy male Kunming mice were fed 20% high fructose water and administered 200, 400 and 800 mg per kg bw Se-GTP for 8 weeks. Mice fed HF in drinking water displayed significant insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress observed by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, as well as increases in hepatic non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and malonaldehyde (MDA). The administration of Se-GTP at 400 and 800 mg per kg bw significantly improved insulin sensitivity, and reduced liver steatosis and oxidative stress damage, and brought back the antioxidants and hepatic lipids towards near-normal values. In the oral glucose tolerance test, the administration of Se-GTP at 400 and 800 mg per kg bw had reduced plasma glucose concentrations after 30 min of glucose loading in HF-fed mice, suggesting that Se-GTP improved glucose intolerance. Histopathological examination indicated that the impaired pancreatic/hepatic tissues were effectively restored in HF-fed mice following the Se-GTP treatment. This is the first report showing that Se-GTP can ameliorate the high fructose-induced insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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45
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Chen C, Huang Q, Fu X, Liu RH. In vitro fermentation of mulberry fruit polysaccharides by human fecal inocula and impact on microbiota. Food Funct 2016; 7:4637-4643. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01248e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated thein vitrofermentation of polysaccharides fromMorus albaL., the contribution of its carbohydrates to the fermentation, and the effect on the composition of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Qiang Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Xiong Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
- Department of Food Science
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46
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Bioaccessibility, changes in the antioxidant potential and colonic fermentation of date pits and apple bagasse flours obtained from co-products during simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Food Res Int 2015; 78:169-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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