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Lim J, Han W, Thang LTH, Lee YW, Shin JH. Customizable Nichrome Wire Heaters for Molecular Diagnostic Applications. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:152. [PMID: 38534259 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Accurate sample heating is vital for nucleic acid extraction and amplification, requiring a sophisticated thermal cycling process in nucleic acid detection. Traditional molecular detection systems with heating capability are bulky, expensive, and primarily designed for lab settings. Consequently, their use is limited where lab systems are unavailable. This study introduces a technique for performing the heating process required in molecular diagnostics applicable for point-of-care testing (POCT), by presenting a method for crafting customized heaters using freely patterned nichrome (NiCr) wire. This technique, fabricating heaters by arranging protrusions on a carbon black-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cast and patterning NiCr wire, utilizes cost-effective materials and is not constrained by shape, thereby enabling customized fabrication in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D). To illustrate its versatility and practicality, a 2D heater with three temperature zones was developed for a portable device capable of automatic thermocycling for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 pathogen DNA. Furthermore, the detection of the same pathogen was demonstrated using a customized 3D heater surrounding a microtube for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Successful DNA amplification using the proposed heater suggests that the heating technique introduced in this study can be effectively applied to POCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Lim
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Han
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Tran Huy Thang
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wook Lee
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Ho Shin
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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2
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Vishwanathan G, Juarez G. Synchronous oscillatory electro-inertial focusing of microparticles. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:064105. [PMID: 38098691 PMCID: PMC10718650 DOI: 10.1063/5.0162368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Here, results are presented on the focusing of 1 μ m polystyrene particle suspensions using a synchronous oscillatory pressure-driven flow and oscillatory electric field in a microfluidic device. The effect of the phase difference between the oscillatory fields on the focusing position and focusing efficiency was investigated. The focusing position of negatively charged polystyrene particles could be tuned anywhere between the channel centerline to the channel walls. Similarly, the focusing efficiency could range from 20% up to 90%, depending on the phase difference, for particle Reynolds numbers of order O ( 10 - 4 ) . The migration velocity profile was measured and the peak velocity was found to scale linearly with both the oscillatory pressure-driven flow amplitude and the oscillatory electric field amplitude. Furthermore, the average migration velocity was observed to scale with the cosine of the phase difference between the fields, indicating the coupled non-linear nature of the phenomenon. Last, the peak migration velocity was measured for different particle radii and found to have an inverse relation, where the velocity increased with decreasing particle radius for identical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridar Vishwanathan
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Juarez
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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3
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Xiao B, Zheng X, Zhao Y, Huang B, He P, Peng B, Chen G. Controlling Shear Rate for Designable Thermal Conductivity in Direct Ink Printing of Polydimethylsiloxane/Boron Nitride Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3489. [PMID: 37631546 PMCID: PMC10459169 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient heat dissipation is vital for advancing device integration and high-frequency performance. Three-dimensional printing, famous for its convenience and structural controllability, facilitates complex parts with high thermal conductivity. Despite this, few studies have considered the influence of shear rate on the thermal conductivity of printed parts. Herein, polydimethylsiloxane/boron nitride (PDMS/BN) composites were prepared and printed by direct ink writing (DIW). In order to ensure the smooth extrusion of the printing process and the structural stability of the part, a system with 40 wt% BN was selected according to the rheological properties. In addition, the effect of printing speed on the morphology of BN particles during 3D printing was studied by XRD, SEM observation, as well as ANSYS Polyflow simulation. The results demonstrated that increasing the printing speed from 10 mm/s to 120 mm/s altered the orientation angle of BN particles from 78.3° to 35.7°, promoting their alignment along the printing direction due to the high shear rate experienced. The resulting printed parts accordingly exhibited an impressive thermal conductivity of 0.849 W∙m-1∙K-1, higher than the 0.454 W∙m-1∙K-1 of the control sample. This study provides valuable insights and an important reference for future developments in the fabrication of thermal management devices with customizable thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (B.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.P.)
| | - Xinmei Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (B.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.P.)
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (B.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.P.)
| | - Bingxue Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (B.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.P.)
| | - Pan He
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Functional Development and Application of High Performance Special Textile Materials, Chengdu Textile College, Chengdu 611731, China;
| | - Biyou Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (B.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.P.)
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China; (B.X.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (B.P.)
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Powder Metallurgy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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4
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Kim DK, Han W, Kim KW, Kim BJ. Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness of Direct-Grown-Carbon Nanotubes/Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2604. [PMID: 37048898 PMCID: PMC10096310 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown under the same conditions as those of carbon fibers and glass fibers, and a comparative analysis was performed to confirm the potential of glass fibers with grown CNTs as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. The CNTs were grown directly on the two fiber surfaces by a chemical vapor deposition process, with the aid of Ni particles loaded on them via a Ni-P plating process followed by heat treatment. The morphology and structural characteristics of the carbon and glass fibers with grown CNTs were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and the EMI shielding efficiency (EMI SE) of the directly grown CNT/carbon and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites was determined using a vector-network analyzer. As the plating time increased, a plating layer serving as a catalyst formed on the fiber surface, confirming the growth of numerous nanowire-shaped CNTs. The average EMI SET values of the carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) with grown CNTs maximized at approximately 81 and 40 dB, respectively. Carbon fibers with grown CNTs exhibited a significantly higher EMI SET value than the glass fiber-based sample, but the latter showed a higher EMI SET increase rate. This indicates that low-cost, high-quality EMI-shielding materials can be developed through the growth of CNTs on the surface of glass fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Kim
- Industrialization Division, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency, Jeonju 54852, Republic of Korea
- Department of Carbon Materials and Fiber Engineering, Jeonbuk University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Han
- Industrialization Division, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency, Jeonju 54852, Republic of Korea
- Department of Carbon Materials and Fiber Engineering, Jeonbuk University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Kim
- Industrialization Division, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency, Jeonju 54852, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea
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5
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Janus-Nanojet as an efficient asymmetric photothermal source. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14222. [PMID: 35987802 PMCID: PMC9392775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of materials with radically different physical properties in the same nanostructure gives rise to the so-called Janus effects, allowing phenomena of a contrasting nature to occur in the same architecture. Interesting advantages can be taken from a thermal Janus effect for photoinduced hyperthermia cancer therapies. Such therapies have limitations associated to the heating control in terms of temperature stability and energy management. Single-material plasmonic nanoheaters have been widely used for cancer therapies, however, they are highly homogeneous sources that heat the surrounding biological medium isotropically, thus equally affecting cancerous and healthy cells. Here, we propose a prototype of a Janus-Nanojet heating unit based on toroidal shaped plasmonic nanoparticles able to efficiently generate and release local heat directionally under typical unpolarized illumination. Based on thermoplasmonic numerical calculations, we demonstrate that these Janus-based nanoheaters possess superior photothermal conversion features (up to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\Delta T\approx 35$$\end{document}ΔT≈35 K) and unique directional heating capacity, being able to channel up over 90% of the total thermal energy onto a target. We discuss the relevance of these innovative nanoheaters in thermoplasmonics, and hyperthermia cancer therapies, which motivate the development of fabrication techniques for nanomaterials.
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One-Dimensional Systemic Modeling of Thermal Sensors Based on Miniature Bead-Type Thermistors. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21237866. [PMID: 34883893 PMCID: PMC8659672 DOI: 10.3390/s21237866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurements of thermal properties is a major concern, for both scientists and the industry. The complexity and diversity of current and future demands (biomedical applications, HVAC, smart buildings, climate change adapted cities, etc.) require making the thermal characterization methods used in laboratory more accessible and portable, by miniaturizing, automating, and connecting them. Designing new materials with innovative thermal properties or studying the thermal properties of biological tissues often require the use of miniaturized and non-invasive sensors, capable of accurately measuring the thermal properties of small quantities of materials. In this context, miniature electro-thermal resistive sensors are particularly well suited, in both material science and biomedical instrumentation, both in vitro and in vivo. This paper presents a one-dimensional (1D) electro-thermal systemic modeling of miniature thermistor bead-type sensors. A Godunov-SPICE discretization scheme is introduced, which allows for very efficient modeling of the entire system (control and signal processing circuits, sensors, and materials to be characterized) in a single workspace. The present modeling is applied to the thermal characterization of different biocompatible liquids (glycerol, water, and glycerol–water mixtures) using a miniature bead-type thermistor. The numerical results are in very good agreement with the experimental ones, demonstrating the relevance of the present modeling. A new quasi-absolute thermal characterization method is then reported and discussed. The multi-physics modeling described in this paper could in the future greatly contribute to the development of new portable instrumental approaches.
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7
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Jang S, Choi EJ, Cheon HJ, Choi WI, Shin WS, Lim JM. Fabrication of Al 2O 3/ZnO and Al 2O 3/Cu Reinforced Silicone Rubber Composite Pads for Thermal Interface Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3259. [PMID: 34641076 PMCID: PMC8513005 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal interface materials (also known as thermal pads) are widely used as a crucial part to dissipate heat generated in miniaturized and integrated electronic components. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of small ceramic and metallic powders in rubbery thermal composite pads with a high content of aluminum oxide filler on the thermal conductivity of the composite pads. We optimized the compositions of aluminum oxide fillers with two different sizes in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix for rubbery composite pads with a high thermal conductivity. Based on the optimized compositions, zinc oxide powder or copper powder with an average size of 1 μm was used to replace 5 μm-sized aluminum oxide filler to examine the effects of the small ceramic and metallic powders, respectively, on the thermal conductivity of the composite pads. When zinc oxide powder was used as the replacement, the thermal conductivity of the rubbery composite pads decreased because more air bubbles were generated during the processing of the mixed paste with increased viscosity. On the other hand, when the copper powder was used as a replacement, a thermal conductivity of up to 2.466 W/m·K was achieved for the rubbery composite pads by optimizing the mixing composition. SEM images and EDS mapping confirmed that all fillers were evenly distributed in the rubbery composite pads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokkyu Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Shinchang-myeon, Asan-si 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Doosung Industrial Co., Ltd., 36 Ansantekom 1-gil, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15523, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Eun Ji Choi
- Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Shinchang-myeon, Asan-si 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Han Jin Cheon
- Doosung Industrial Co., Ltd., 36 Ansantekom 1-gil, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15523, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Won Il Choi
- Center for Convergence Bioceramic Materials, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, 202, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Woon Seo Shin
- Doosung Industrial Co., Ltd., 36 Ansantekom 1-gil, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15523, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Jong-Min Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Shinchang-myeon, Asan-si 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
- Department of Electronic Materials and Devices Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Shinchang-myeon, Asan-si 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
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8
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Jeronimo K, Koutsos V, Cheung R, Mastropaolo E. PDMS-ZnO Piezoelectric Nanocomposites for Pressure Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5873. [PMID: 34502762 PMCID: PMC8433915 DOI: 10.3390/s21175873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The addition of piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) fillers into a flexible polymer matrix has emerged as potential piezocomposite materials that can be used for applications such as energy harvesters and pressure sensors. A simple approach for the fabrication of PDMS-ZnO piezoelectric nanocomposites based on two ZnO fillers: nanoparticles (NP) and nanoflowers (NF) is presented in this paper. The effect of the ZnO fillers' geometry and size on the thermal, mechanical and piezoelectric properties is discussed. The sensors were fabricated in a sandwich-like structure using aluminium (Al) thin films as top and bottom electrodes. Piezocomposites at a concentration of 10% w/w showed good flexibility, generating a piezoelectric response under compression force. The NF piezocomposites showed the highest piezoelectric response compared to the NP piezocomposites due to their geometric connectivity. The piezoelectric compound NF generated 4.2 V while the NP generated 1.86 V under around 36 kPa pressure. The data also show that the generated voltage increases with increasing applied force regardless of the type of filler.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK;
| | - Rebecca Cheung
- School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK;
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Prem N, Schale F, Zimmermann K, Gowda DK, Odenbach S. Synthesis and characterization of the properties of thermosensitive elastomers with thermoplastic and magnetic particles for application in soft robotics. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Prem
- Technische Universität Ilmenau Ilmenau Germany
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10
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Investigation of the Thermal Conductivity of Silicon-Base Composites: The Effect of Filler Materials and Characteristic on Thermo-Mechanical Response of Silicon Composite. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11125663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermal conductivity is a key property in many applications from electronic to informatics. The interaction of fillers with Sylgard 184 was studied; this study explores new composites and the influence of metal particles (copper and nickel), carbon-based materials (carbon nanotubes and carbon black), and ceramic nanoparticles (boron nitride) as fillers to enhance thermal properties of silicon-based composites. The effect of the fillers on the final performances of the composite materials was evaluated. The influence of filler volume, dimension, morphology, and chemical nature is studied. Specifically, FT-IR analysis was used to evaluate curing of the polymer matrix. DSC was used to confirm the data and to further characterize the composites. Thermo-mechanical properties were studied by DMTA. The filler morphology was analyzed by SEM. Finally, thermal conductivity was studied and compared, enlightening the correlation with the features of the fillers. The results demonstrate a remarkable dependence among the type, size, and shape of the filler, and thermal properties of the composite materials. Underlining a that the volume filler influenced the thermal conductivity obtaining the best results with the highest added volume filler and higher positive impact on the k of the composites is reached with large particles and with irregular shapes. In contrast, the increase of filler amount affects the rigidity of the silicon-matrix, increasing the rigidity of the silicon-based composites.
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11
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3D Printing of PDMS-Like Polymer Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity: Boron Nitride Based Photocuring System. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020373. [PMID: 33540598 PMCID: PMC7912901 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the possibility of forming 3D structures with enhanced thermal conductivity (k) by vat printing a silicone-acrylate based nanocomposite. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDSM) represent a common silicone-based polymer used in several applications from electronics to microfluidics. Unfortunately, the k value of the polymer is low, so a composite is required to be formed in order to increase its thermal conductivity. Several types of fillers are available to reach this result. In this study, boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles were used to increase the thermal conductivity of a PDMS-like photocurable matrix. A digital light processing (DLP) system was employed to form complex structures. The viscosity of the formulation was firstly investigated; photorheology and attenuate total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analyses were done to check the reactivity of the system that resulted as suitable for DLP printing. Mechanical and thermal analyses were performed on printed samples through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile tests, revealing a positive effect of the BN nanoparticles. Morphological characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, thermal analysis demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of the material was improved, maintaining the possibility of producing 3D printable formulations.
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12
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Zhang P, Zhang X, Ding X, Wang Y, Shu M, Zeng X, Gong Y, Zheng K, Tian X. Construction of low melting point alloy/graphene three-dimensional continuous thermal conductive pathway for improving in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:475709. [PMID: 32894742 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abaf82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As the temperature of hot spots increases in electronic devices, thermal management is a key issue for maintaining a device's reliability and performance. The usual approaches of quickly extracting the heat from the hot spots have focused on aligning two-dimensional filler along the in-plane orientation in the polymer matrix. Meanwhile, improving the through-plane thermal conductivity of polymer-based composites is as important as in-plane thermal conductivity. In this study, poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites with three-dimensional continuous thermal conductive pathways of a low melting point alloy (LMPA)/graphene were prepared through a two-step method. Poly(vinylidene fluoride)@graphene (PVDF@Gr) microspheres were firstly prepared by an in-situ water-vapor induced phase separation method. Subsequently, PVDF@Gr/LMPA composites were obtained by hot-pressing after mixing the LMPA with the PVDF@Gr microspheres. Attributed to the unique solid-liquid phase transition advantage of the LMPA and the good matching of the phonon power spectrum between the LMPA and the graphene, the PVDF@4.8Gr/10LMPA composites with 4.8 vol% graphene and 10.0 vol% LMPA exhibited an outstanding in-plane thermal conductivity of 9.41 W m-1 K-1 and through-plane thermal conductivity of 0.35 W m-1 K-1, which was nearly increased by 245% and 130% compared to that of the PVDF@4.8Gr composites, respectively. The enhanced elasticity modulus and reduced thermal expansion coefficient were attributed to the LMPA constructing a three-dimensional continuous thermal conductive pathway along with the graphene and reducing interface thermal resistance. This study offeres a straightforward and repeatable method for fabricating highly thermally conductive polymer composites and widens the application of LMPAs in the fields of thermal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 262300, People's Republic of China. Key Laboratory of Photovolatic and Energy Conservation Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
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Su Y, Ma C, Chen J, Wu H, Luo W, Peng Y, Luo Z, Li L, Tan Y, Omisore OM, Zhu Z, Wang L, Li H. Printable, Highly Sensitive Flexible Temperature Sensors for Human Body Temperature Monitoring: A Review. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:200. [PMID: 33057900 PMCID: PMC7561651 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development and research of flexible sensors have gradually deepened, and the performance of wearable, flexible devices for monitoring body temperature has also improved. For the human body, body temperature changes reflect much information about human health, and abnormal body temperature changes usually indicate poor health. Although body temperature is independent of the environment, the body surface temperature is easily affected by the surrounding environment, bringing challenges to body temperature monitoring equipment. To achieve real-time and sensitive detection of various parts temperature of the human body, researchers have developed many different types of high-sensitivity flexible temperature sensors, perfecting the function of electronic skin, and also proposed many practical applications. This article reviews the current research status of highly sensitive patterned flexible temperature sensors used to monitor body temperature changes. First, commonly used substrates and active materials for flexible temperature sensors have been summarized. Second, patterned fabricating methods and processes of flexible temperature sensors are introduced. Then, flexible temperature sensing performance are comprehensively discussed, including temperature measurement range, sensitivity, response time, temperature resolution. Finally, the application of flexible temperature sensors based on highly delicate patterning are demonstrated, and the future challenges of flexible temperature sensors have prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Su
- College of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunsheng Ma
- College of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiping Wu
- Nursing Department, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Weixiang Luo
- Nursing Department, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yueming Peng
- Neonatal Intensive Unit, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Zebang Luo
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongsong Tan
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Olatunji Mumini Omisore
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengfang Zhu
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Lai X, Shi Z, Pu Z, Zhang P, Zhang X, Yu H, Li D. A Rubik's microfluidic cube. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:27. [PMID: 34567642 PMCID: PMC8433458 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A Rubik's cube as a reconfigurable microfluidic system is presented in this work. Composed of physically interlocking microfluidic blocks, the microfluidic cube enables the on-site design and configuration of custom microfluidics by twisting the faces of the cube. The reconfiguration of the microfluidics could be done by solving an ordinary Rubik's cube with the help of Rubik's cube algorithms and computer programs. An O-ring-aided strategy is used to enable self-sealing and the automatic alignment of the microfluidic cube blocks. Owing to the interlocking mechanics of cube blocks, the proposed microfluidic cube exhibits good reconfigurability and robustness in versatile applications and proves to be a promising candidate for the rapid deployment of microfluidic systems in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Zhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Zhihua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Penghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Dachao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
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15
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Zhu JY, Suarez SA, Thurgood P, Nguyen N, Mohammed M, Abdelwahab H, Needham S, Pirogova E, Ghorbani K, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K. Reconfigurable, Self-Sufficient Convective Heat Exchanger for Temperature Control of Microfluidic Systems. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15784-15790. [PMID: 31726823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a modular, reconfigurable, and self-sufficient convective heat exchanger for regulation of temperature in microfluidic systems. The heat exchanger consists of polymer tubes wrapped around a plastic pole and fully embedded in an elastomer block, which can be easily mounted onto the microfluidic structure. It is compatible with various microfluidic geometries and materials. Miniaturized, battery-powered piezoelectric pumps are utilized to drive the heat carrying liquid through the heat exchanger at desired flow rates and temperatures. Customized temperature profiles can be generated by changing the configuration of the heat exchanger with respect to the microfluidic structure. Tailored dynamic temperature profiles can be generated by changing the temperature of the heat carrying liquid in successive cycles. This feature is used to study the calcium signaling of endothelial cells under successive temperature cycles of 24 to 37 °C. The versatility, simplicity, and self-sufficiency of the heat exchanger makes it suitable for various microfluidic based cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Yang Zhu
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , VIC 3001 , Australia
| | | | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , VIC 3001 , Australia
| | - Ngan Nguyen
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , VIC 3001 , Australia
| | - Mokhaled Mohammed
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , VIC 3001 , Australia
| | - Haneen Abdelwahab
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , VIC 3001 , Australia
| | - Scott Needham
- Leading Technology Group , Camberwell , VIC 3124 , Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , VIC 3001 , Australia
| | - Kamran Ghorbani
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , VIC 3001 , Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , Bundoora , VIC 3083 , Australia
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16
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Zhao X, Wang T, Li Y, Huang L, Handschuh-Wang S. Polydimethylsiloxane/Nanodiamond Composite Sponge for Enhanced Mechanical or Wettability Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E948. [PMID: 31159378 PMCID: PMC6631953 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely utilized in material science, chemical engineering, and environmental science due to its excellent properties. By utilizing fillers, so-called composite materials can be obtained with enhanced mechanical, wettability, or thermal conductivity performance. Here, we present a simple, cost-effective approach to vary either the mechanical properties (Young's modulus) or surface wettability of bulk PDMS and PDMS sponges simply by adding nanodiamond filler with different surface terminations, either oxidized (oND) or hydrogenated (reduced, rND) nanodiamond. Minuscule amounts of oxidized nanodiamond particles as filler showed to benefit the compressive Young's modulus of composite sponges with up to a 52% increase in its value, while the wettability of composite sponges was unaffected. In contrast, adding reduced nanodiamond particles to PDMS yielded inclined water contact angles on the PDMS/nanodiamond composite sponges. Finally, we show that the PDMS/rND composites are readily utilized as an absorbent for oil/water separation problems. This signifies that the surface termination of the ND particle has a crucial effect on the performance of the composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yaoyao Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Lei Huang
- Functional Thin Films Research Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Stephan Handschuh-Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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17
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Superior, processing-dependent thermal conductivity of cellulose Nanocrystal-Poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Mandal S, Banerjee M, Roy S, Mandal A, Ghosh A, Satpati B, Goswami DK. Organic Field-Effect Transistor-Based Ultrafast, Flexible, Physiological-Temperature Sensors with Hexagonal Barium Titanate Nanocrystals in Amorphous Matrix as Sensing Material. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4193-4202. [PMID: 30596233 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with hexagonal barium titanate nanocrystals (h-BTNCs) in amorphous matrix as one of the bilayer dielectric systems have been fabricated on a highly flexible 10 μm thick poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate. The device current and mobility remain constant up to a bending radius of 4 mm, which makes the substrate suitable for wearable e-skin applications. h-BTNC films are found to be highly temperature-sensitive, and the OFETs designed based on this material showed ultraprecision measurement (∼4.3 mK), low power (∼1 μW at 1.2 V operating voltage), and ultrafast response (∼24 ms) in sensing temperature over a range of 20-45 °C continuously. The sensors are highly stable around body temperature and work at various extreme conditions, such as under water and in solutions of different pH values and various salt concentrations. These properties make this sensor unique and highly suitable for various healthcare and other applications, wherein a small variation of temperature around this temperature range is required to be measured at an ultrahigh speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mandal
- Department of Physics, Organic Electronics Laboratory , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Madhuchanda Banerjee
- Department of Zoology , Midnapore College (Autonomous) , Midnapore 721101 , India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Department of Physics, Organic Electronics Laboratory , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Ajoy Mandal
- Department of Physics, Organic Electronics Laboratory , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Organic Electronics Laboratory , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
| | - Biswarup Satpati
- Surface Physics and Material Science Division , Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI , 1/AF Bidhannagar , Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - Dipak K Goswami
- Department of Physics, Organic Electronics Laboratory , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur 721302 , India
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19
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Zhu JY, Nguyen N, Baratchi S, Thurgood P, Ghorbani K, Khoshmanesh K. Temperature-Controlled Microfluidic System Incorporating Polymer Tubes. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2498-2505. [PMID: 30592407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a multilayered microfluidic system integrated with commercially available polymer tubes for controlling the temperature of the sample under various static and dynamic conditions. Highly controllable temperature profiles can be produced by modulating the flow rate or inlet temperature of the water passing through the tubes. Customised temperature gradients can be created across the length or width of a channel by mismatching the inlet temperature of the tubes. Temperature cycles can also be produced by repeatedly switching the tubes between hot and cold flasks. Proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate the utility of this system for studying the drug-induced calcium signaling of human monocytes under dynamic thermal conditions. The versatility and simplicity of our system provides opportunities for studying temperature-sensitive chemical, biochemical, and biological samples under various operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Yang Zhu
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | - Ngan Nguyen
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences , RMIT University , Bundoora , Victoria 3083 , Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | - Kamran Ghorbani
- School of Engineering , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
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20
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V. A, Sankaraiah S, N. L. M. Development of an optically transparent polysilsesquioxane/PDMS addition cured nanocomposite adhesive for electronic applications. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04092g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrosilylation method for preparing optically transparent polysilsesquioxane nanosphere reinforced PDMS nanocomposite adhesive with enhanced mechanical, thermal and adhesion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop V.
- Department of Chemistry
- Stella Maris College
- University of Madras
- Chennai-600 086
- India
| | | | - Mary N. L.
- Department of Chemistry
- Stella Maris College
- University of Madras
- Chennai-600 086
- India
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21
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Bae NH, Lim SY, Song Y, Jeong SW, Shin SY, Kim YT, Lee TJ, Lee KG, Lee SJ, Oh YJ, Park YM. A Disposable and Multi-Chamber Film-Based PCR Chip for Detection of Foodborne Pathogen. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18093158. [PMID: 30235826 PMCID: PMC6165562 DOI: 10.3390/s18093158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Since the increment of the threat to public health caused by foodborne pathogens, researches have been widely studied on developing the miniaturized detection system for the on-site pathogen detection. In the study, we focused on the development of portable, robust, and disposable film-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chip containing a multiplex chamber for simultaneous gene amplification. In order to simply fabricate and operate a film-based PCR chip, different kinds of PCR chambers were designed and fabricated using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) adhesive film, in comparison with commercial PCR, which employs a stereotyped system at a bench-top scale. No reagent leakage was confirmed during the PCR thermal cycling using the film PCR chip, which indicates that the film PCR chip is structurally stable for rapid heat cycling for DNA amplification. Owing to use of the thin film to fabricate the PCR chip, we are able to realize fast thermal transfer from the heat block that leads to short PCR amplification time. Moreover, using the film PCR chip, we could even amplify the target pathogen with 10 CFU mL−1. The artificially infected milk with various concentration of Bacillus cereus was successfully amplified on a single film PCR chip. On the basis of the reliable results, the developed film PCR chip could be a useful tool as a POCT device to detect foodborne pathogens via genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Ho Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea.
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Sun Young Lim
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Younseong Song
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Soon Woo Jeong
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Seol Yi Shin
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Yong Tae Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, 237 Sangidaehak-ro, Siheung-si 15073, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Tae Jae Lee
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Kyoung G Lee
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Seok Jae Lee
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Yong-Jun Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea.
| | - Yoo Min Park
- Nano-Bio Application Team, National NanoFab Center (NNFC), 291 Deahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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22
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Lu L, Zhang Z, Guan Y, Zheng H. Enhancement of Heat Dissipation by Laser Micro Structuring for LED Module. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E886. [PMID: 30960811 PMCID: PMC6403799 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimization for heat dissipation plays a significant role in energy saving and high-efficiency utilizing of integrated electronics. In this paper, we present a study of micro structuring on polymer-based flexible substrate coupled with aluminum-alloy heat sink. The heat dissipation performance was investigated by temperature evolution of a heat sink under natural convection by infrared (IR) camera, and results showed that the heat dissipation enhancement could be up to 25%. Moreover, the heat dissipation performance of a typical heat sink in terms of light-emitting diode (LED) hip was investigated via both thermal transient measurement and the finite element analysis (FEA). The maximum LED chip temperature of the laser-textured heat sink was approximately 22.4% lower than that of the as-received heat sink. We propose that these properties accompanied with the simplicity of fabrication make laser surface texturing a promising candidate for on-chip thermal management applications in electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology and Institute of Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Beijing Key Lab of Precision/Ultra-Precision Manufacturing Equipment and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yingchun Guan
- School of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing for Large Metallic Components, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute of Beihang University, Hefei 230013, China.
| | - Hongyu Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
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23
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24
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25
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PDMS-PDMS Micro Channels Filled with Phase-Change Material for Chip Cooling. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9040165. [PMID: 30424098 PMCID: PMC6187480 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on a chip cooling solution using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based microfluidic devices filled with n-Octadecane. A thick SU-8 layer of 150 µm is used as the master mold for patterning PDMS fabrication. With the SU-8 mold, patterns with straight lines at microscale have been fabricated with standard micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology. Thermal polymer bonding technique is used to bond the PDMS pattern directly to a flat polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film which results in the sealed microchannels. n-Octadecane as a phase-change material has been successfully filled in the microchannels using a dispensing machine. Infrared thermal image shows a sharp contrast of the temperature distribution between the chip with n-Octadecane and the empty chip during the same heating process. This result indicates an efficient cooling performance of the microchannel device with phase-change material. A thermal stimulation test demonstrates that a 16 °C-lower temperature difference can be achieved. This microchannel device, benefited from the flexibility of PDMS substrate, shows specific advantages in meeting the need for the heat dissipation of flexible electronics such as flexible displays, electronic skins, and wearable electronics. Latent heat of the phase-change material can keep the temperature of devices relatively lower over a period of time, which shows potential application values on discontinuously active flexible electronic devices.
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26
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Zarifi MH, Sadabadi H, Hejazi SH, Daneshmand M, Sanati-Nezhad A. Noncontact and Nonintrusive Microwave-Microfluidic Flow Sensor for Energy and Biomedical Engineering. Sci Rep 2018; 8:139. [PMID: 29317767 PMCID: PMC5760583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel flow sensor is presented to measure the flow rate within microchannels in a real-time, noncontact and nonintrusive manner. The microfluidic device is made of a fluidic microchannel sealed with a thin polymer layer interfacing the fluidics and microwave electronics. Deformation of the thin circular membrane alters the permittivity and conductivity over the sensitive zone of the microwave resonator device and enables high-resolution detection of flow rate in microfluidic channels using non-contact microwave as a standalone system. The flow sensor has the linear response in the range of 0-150 µl/min for the optimal sensor performance. The highest sensitivity is detected to be 0.5 µl/min for the membrane with the diameter of 3 mm and the thickness of 100 µm. The sensor is reproducible with the error of 0.1% for the flow rate of 10 µl/min. Furthermore, the sensor functioned very stable for 20 hrs performance within the cell culture incubator in 37 °C and 5% CO2 environment for detecting the flow rate of the culture medium. This sensor does not need any contact with the liquid and is highly compatible with several applications in energy and biomedical engineering, and particularly for microfluidic-based lab-on-chips, micro-bioreactors and organ-on-chips platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Zarifi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2N1, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Hamid Sadabadi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2N1, Canada
| | - S Hossein Hejazi
- Subsurface Fluidics and EOR Laboratory, Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mojgan Daneshmand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2N1, Canada.
- Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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27
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Enhanced physicochemical properties of polydimethylsiloxane based microfluidic devices and thin films by incorporating synthetic micro-diamond. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15109. [PMID: 29118385 PMCID: PMC5678186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic micro-diamond-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite microfluidic chips and thin films were produced using indirect 3D printing and spin coating fabrication techniques. Microfluidic chips containing up to 60 wt% micro-diamond were successfully cast and bonded. Physicochemical properties, including the dispersion pattern, hydrophobicity, chemical structure, elasticity and thermal characteristics of both chip and films were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the micro-diamond particles were embedded and interconnected within the bulk material of the cast microfluidic chip, whereas in the case of thin films their increased presence at the polymer surface resulted in a reduced hydrophobicity of the composite. The elastic modulus increased from 1.28 for a PDMS control, to 4.42 MPa for the 60 wt% composite, along with a three-fold increase in thermal conductivity, from 0.15 to 0.45 W m−1 K−1. Within the fluidic chips, micro-diamond incorporation enhanced heat dissipation by efficient transfer of heat from within the channels to the surrounding substrate. At a flow rate of 1000 μL/min, the gradient achieved for the 60 wt% composite chip equalled a 9.8 °C drop across a 3 cm long channel, more than twice that observed with the PDMS control chip.
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28
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Kee SY, Munusamy Y, Ong KS, Lai KC. Effect of Preparation Methods on the Tensile, Morphology and Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency of RGO/PMMA Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E230. [PMID: 30970908 PMCID: PMC6432216 DOI: 10.3390/polym9060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites were prepared by employing in situ polymerization and solution blending methods. In terms of mechanical properties, RGO loading increased the Young's modulus but decreased the elongation at break for RGO/PMMA nanocomposites. Tensile strength for solution blended RGO/PMMA nanocomposites increased after adding 0.5 wt % RGO, which was attributed to the good dispersion of RGO in the nanocomposites as evidenced from SEM and TEM. Solar energy conversion efficiency measurement results showed that the optimum concentration of RGO in the RGO/PMMA nanocomposites was found to be 1.0 wt % in order to achieve the maximum solar energy conversion efficiency of 25%. In the present study, the solution blended nanocomposites exhibited better overall properties than in situ polymerized nanocomposites owing to the better dispersion of RGO in solution blending. These findings would contribute to future work in search of higher conversion efficiency using nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yiing Kee
- Department of PetroChemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, Perak 31900, Malaysia.
| | - Yamuna Munusamy
- Department of PetroChemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, Perak 31900, Malaysia.
| | - Kok Seng Ong
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, Perak 31900, Malaysia.
| | - Koon Chun Lai
- Department of PetroChemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, Perak 31900, Malaysia.
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29
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Sadeghi J, Ghasemi AHB, Latifi H. A label-free infrared opto-fluidic method for real-time determination of flow rate and concentration with temperature cross-sensitivity compensation. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3957-3968. [PMID: 27714025 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to accurately measure the flow rate, concentration, and temperature in real-time in micro total analysis systems (μTAS) is crucial when improving their practical sensing capabilities within extremely small volumes. Our label-free infrared (1500-1600 nm) opto-fluidic method, presented in this study, utilizes a cantilever-based flow meter integrated with two parallel optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs). The first FPI serves as an ultra-sensitive flow meter and includes a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) tip for localized temperature sensing. The second FPI has a fabricated photopolymer micro-tip for highly sensitive refractive index (RI) determination. In this work, we performed 3-D simulation analysis to characterize cantilever deflection as well as temperature distribution and its effect on the RI. The experimental results from temperature cross-sensitivity analysis lead to real-time measurement resolutions of 5 nL min-1, 1 × 10-6 RIU and 0.05 °C, for the flow rate, refractive index, and temperature, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Sadeghi
- Laser & Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Baradaran Ghasemi
- Laser & Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran. and Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser & Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran. and Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
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Mittal G, Rhee KY, Park SJ. The Effects of Cryomilling CNTs on the Thermal and Electrical Properties of CNT/PMMA Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8050169. [PMID: 30979262 PMCID: PMC6432189 DOI: 10.3390/polym8050169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the cryomilling of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was carried out to accomplish better dispersion without using any hazardous chemicals. Accordingly, different samples of CNTs were prepared by varying the milling speed (10, 20, and 25 Hz) and time (5, 10, and 15 min) and incorporated into the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. The changes of the morphology were analyzed by utilizing a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM). Qualitative analysis of the cryomilled CNTs was carried out using Raman spectroscopy, and their surface area was determined via Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Subsequently, thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to evaluate the thermal properties, whereas the surface resistivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness for the electrical conductivity were also examined. It was observed that the composite with Cr-20-10 showed better thermal stability and lower resistivity in comparison to the others because, as the cryomilling time and frequency increased the distribution, dispersion and surface area also increased. Consequently, a better interaction between CNTs and PMMA took place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Mittal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea.
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea.
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea.
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Sun J, Jiang J, Bao B, Wang S, He M, Zhang X, Song Y. Fabrication of Bendable Circuits on a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Surface by Inkjet Printing Semi-Wrapped Structures. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9040253. [PMID: 28773374 PMCID: PMC5502917 DOI: 10.3390/ma9040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an effective method was developed to fabricate bendable circuits on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface by inkjet printing semi-wrapped structures. It is demonstrated that the precured PDMS liquid film could influence the depositing morphology of coalesced silver precursor inkjet droplets. Accordingly, continuous and uniform lines with a semi-wrapped structure were fabricated on the PDMS surface. When the printed silver precursor was reduced to Ag nanoparticles, the fabricated conductive film exhibited good transparency and high bendability. This work presented a facile way to fabricate flexible patterns on a PDMS surface without any complicated modification or special equipment. Meanwhile, an in situ hydrazine reduction of Ag has been reported using the vapor phase method in the fabricating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Jieke Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Bin Bao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Si Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Min He
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xingye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Yanlin Song
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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He X, Guo H, Yue X, Gao J, Xi Y, Hu C. Improving energy conversion efficiency for triboelectric nanogenerator with capacitor structure by maximizing surface charge density. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:1896-1903. [PMID: 25526319 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05512h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanogenerators with capacitor structures based on piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, triboelectricity and electrostatic induction have been extensively investigated. Although the electron flow on electrodes is well understood, the maximum efficiency-dependent structure design is not clearly known. In this paper, a clear understanding of triboelectric generators with capacitor structures is presented by the investigation of polydimethylsiloxane-based composite film nanogenerators, indicating that the generator, in fact, acts as both an energy storage and output device. Maximum energy storage and output depend on the maximum charge density on the dielectric polymer surface, which is determined by the capacitance of the device. The effective thickness of polydimethylsiloxane can be greatly reduced by mixing a suitable amount of conductive nanoparticles into the polymer, through which the charge density on the polymer surface can be greatly increased. This finding can be applied to all the triboelectric nanogenerators with capacitor structures, and it provides an important guide to the structural design for nanogenerators. It is demonstrated that graphite particles with sizes of 20-40 nm and 3.0% mass mixed into the polydimethylsiloxane can reduce 34.68% of the effective thickness of the dielectric film and increase the surface charges by 111.27% on the dielectric film. The output power density of the triboelectric nanogenerator with the composite polydimethylsiloxane film is 3.7 W m(-2), which is 2.6 times as much as that of the pure polydimethylsiloxane film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming He
- Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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Zarei M, Ahmadzadeh H, Goharshadi EK. Embedded ceria nanoparticles in gel improve electrophoretic separation: a preliminary demonstration. Analyst 2015; 140:4434-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ceria NP embedded PAGE could improve the analytical figures of merit by reducing Joule heating and lowering the band broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Chemistry
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 91779
- Iran
| | | | - Elaheh K. Goharshadi
- Department of Chemistry
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
- Mashhad 91779
- Iran
- Center of Nano Research
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