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Huang G, Lin L, Liu Q, Wu S, Chen J, Zhu R, You H, Sun C. Three-dimensional array of microbubbles sonoporation of cells in microfluidics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1353333. [PMID: 38419723 PMCID: PMC10899490 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1353333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sonoporation is a popular membrane disruption technique widely applicable in various fields, including cell therapy, drug delivery, and biomanufacturing. In recent years, there has been significant progress in achieving controlled, high-viability, and high-efficiency cell sonoporation in microfluidics. If the microchannels are too small, especially when scaled down to the cellular level, it still remains a challenge to overcome microchannel clogging, and low throughput. Here, we presented a microfluidic device capable of modulating membrane permeability through oscillating three-dimensional array of microbubbles. Simulations were performed to analyze the effective range of action of the oscillating microbubbles to obtain the optimal microchannel size. Utilizing a high-precision light curing 3D printer to fabricate uniformly sized microstructures in a one-step on both the side walls and the top surface for the generation of microbubbles. These microbubbles oscillated with nearly identical amplitudes and frequencies, ensuring efficient and stable sonoporation within the system. Cells were captured and trapped on the bubble surface by the acoustic streaming and secondary acoustic radiation forces induced by the oscillating microbubbles. At a driving voltage of 30 Vpp, the sonoporation efficiency of cells reached 93.9% ± 2.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyong Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Quanhui Liu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shixiong Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiapeng Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Rongxing Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hui You
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Cuimin Sun
- School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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2
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Kumar A, Nahak BK, Gupta P, Santra TS, Tseng FG. Laser-Induced Intracellular Delivery: Exploiting Gold-Coated Spiky Polymeric Nanoparticles and Gold Nanorods under Near-Infrared Pulses for Single-Cell Nano-Photon-Poration. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:168. [PMID: 38398898 PMCID: PMC10890628 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the potential of laser-induced nano-photon-poration as a non-invasive technique for the intracellular delivery of micro/macromolecules at the single-cell level. This research proposes the utilization of gold-coated spiky polymeric nanoparticles (Au-PNPs) and gold nanorods (GNRs) to achieve efficient intracellular micro/macromolecule delivery at the single-cell level. By shifting the operating wavelength towards the near-infrared (NIR) range, the intracellular delivery efficiency and viability of Au-PNP-mediated photon-poration are compared to those using GNR-mediated intracellular delivery. Employing Au-PNPs as mediators in conjunction with nanosecond-pulsed lasers, a highly efficient intracellular delivery, while preserving high cell viability, is demonstrated. Laser pulses directed at Au-PNPs generate over a hundred hot spots per particle through plasmon resonance, facilitating the formation of photothermal vapor nanobubbles (PVNBs). These PVNBs create transient pores, enabling the gentle transfer of cargo from the extracellular to the intracellular milieu, without inducing deleterious effects in the cells. The optimization of wavelengths in the NIR region, coupled with low laser fluence (27 mJ/cm2) and nanoparticle concentrations (34 µg/mL), achieves outstanding delivery efficiencies (96%) and maintains high cell viability (up to 99%) across the various cell types, including cancer and neuronal cells. Importantly, sustained high cell viability (90-95%) is observed even 48 h post laser exposure. This innovative development holds considerable promise for diverse applications, encompassing drug delivery, gene therapy, and regenerative medicine. This study underscores the efficiency and versatility of the proposed technique, positioning it as a valuable tool for advancing intracellular delivery strategies in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (A.K.)
| | - Bishal Kumar Nahak
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (A.K.)
| | - Pallavi Gupta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; (A.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Institute of Nano Engineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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3
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Pfisterer F, Godino N, Gerling T, Kirschbaum M. Continuous microfluidic flow-through protocol for selective and image-activated electroporation of single cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19379-19387. [PMID: 37383687 PMCID: PMC10294288 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03100d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroporation of cells is a widely-used tool to transport molecules such as proteins or nucleic acids into cells or to extract cellular material. However, bulk methods for electroporation do not offer the possibility to selectively porate subpopulations or single cells in heterogeneous cell samples. To achieve this, either presorting or complex single-cell technologies are required currently. In this work, we present a microfluidic flow protocol for selective electroporation of predefined target cells identified in real-time by high-quality microscopic image analysis of fluorescence and transmitted light. While traveling through the microchannel, the cells are focused by dielectrophoretic forces into the microscopic detection area, where they are classified based on image analysis techniques. Finally, the cells are forwarded to a poration electrode and only the target cells are pulsed. By processing a heterogenically stained cell sample, we were able to selectively porate only target cells (green-fluorescent) while non-target cells (blue-fluorescent) remained unaffected. We achieved highly selective poration with >90% specificity at average poration rates of >50% and throughputs of up to 7200 cells per hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Pfisterer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses IZI-BB Am Muehlenberg 13 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Neus Godino
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses IZI-BB Am Muehlenberg 13 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Tobias Gerling
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses IZI-BB Am Muehlenberg 13 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Michael Kirschbaum
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses IZI-BB Am Muehlenberg 13 14476 Potsdam Germany
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4
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Hausladen F, Kruse P, Hessenberger F, Stegmayer T, Kao YT, Seelert W, Preyer R, Springer M, Stock K, Wittig R. Molecule transfer into mammalian cells by single sub-nanosecond laser pulses. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200327. [PMID: 36633379 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, precise, and viability-retaining method for cytoplasmic molecule delivery is highly desired for cell engineering. Routine methods suffer from low throughput, lack of selectivity, requirement of helper compounds, predominant endosomal delivery, and/or are restricted to specific molecule classes. Photonic cell manipulation bears the potential to overcome these drawbacks. Here we investigated mammalian cell manipulation by single sub-nanosecond laser pulses. Axial beam waist positioning close to a cell monolayer induced culture vessel damage and zones of cell ablation. Cells at margins of ablation zones exhibited uptake of membrane-impermeant fluorophores and GFP expression plasmids. Increasing Rayleigh-length and beam waist diameter reduced the sensitivity to axial defocusing and resulted in robust molecule transfer. Serial application of single pulses focused over a moving cell monolayer yielded quantitative molecule transfer to cells at rates up to 40%. Our results could be basic to spatially and temporally controlled single laser pulse-mediated marker-free high throughput cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hausladen
- Devices Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Kruse
- Biology Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felicia Hessenberger
- Devices Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Biology Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Stegmayer
- Devices Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yu-Ting Kao
- Devices Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Biology Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolf Seelert
- Coherent Laser Systems GmbH, Estlandring 6, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Preyer
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Marco Springer
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Karl Stock
- Devices Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rainer Wittig
- Biology Group, Medical Systems, Institute for Laser Technologies in Medicine & Metrology (ILM) at Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Zhou Y, Dai L, Jiao N. Review of Bubble Applications in Microrobotics: Propulsion, Manipulation, and Assembly. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1068. [PMID: 35888885 PMCID: PMC9324494 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microbubbles have been widely used in the field of microrobots due to their unique properties. Microbubbles can be easily produced and used as power sources or tools of microrobots, and the bubbles can even serve as microrobots themselves. As a power source, bubbles can propel microrobots to swim in liquid under low-Reynolds-number conditions. As a manipulation tool, microbubbles can act as the micromanipulators of microrobots, allowing them to operate upon particles, cells, and organisms. As a microrobot, microbubbles can operate and assemble complex microparts in two- or three-dimensional spaces. This review provides a comprehensive overview of bubble applications in microrobotics including propulsion, micromanipulation, and microassembly. First, we introduce the diverse bubble generation and control methods. Then, we review and discuss how bubbles can play a role in microrobotics via three functions: propulsion, manipulation, and assembly. Finally, by highlighting the advantages and current challenges of this progress, we discuss the prospects of microbubbles in microrobotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liguo Dai
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Niandong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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6
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An Overview of Cell Membrane Perforation and Resealing Mechanisms for Localized Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040886. [PMID: 35456718 PMCID: PMC9031838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized and reversible plasma membrane disruption is a promising technique employed for the targeted deposition of exogenous therapeutic compounds for the treatment of disease. Indeed, the plasma membrane represents a significant barrier to successful delivery, and various physical methods using light, sound, and electrical energy have been developed to generate cell membrane perforations to circumvent this issue. To restore homeostasis and preserve viability, localized cellular repair mechanisms are subsequently triggered to initiate a rapid restoration of plasma membrane integrity. Here, we summarize the known emergency membrane repair responses, detailing the salient membrane sealing proteins as well as the underlying cytoskeletal remodeling that follows the physical induction of a localized plasma membrane pore, and we present an overview of potential modulation strategies that may improve targeted drug delivery approaches.
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7
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Duckert B, Vinkx S, Braeken D, Fauvart M. Single-cell transfection technologies for cell therapies and gene editing. J Control Release 2020; 330:963-975. [PMID: 33160005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in gene editing and cell therapies have recently led to outstanding clinical successes. However, the lack of a cost-effective manufacturing process prevents the democratization of these innovative medical tools. Due to the common use of viral vectors, the step of transfection in which cells are engineered to gain new functions, is a major bottleneck in making safe and affordable cell products. A promising opportunity lies in Single-Cell Transfection Technologies (SCTTs). SCTTs have demonstrated higher efficiency, safety and scalability than conventional transfection methods. They can also feature unique abilities such as substantial dosage control over the cargo delivery, single-cell addressability and integration in microdevices comprising multiple monitoring modalities. Unfortunately, the potential of SCTTs is not fully appreciated: they are most often restricted to research settings with little adoption in clinical settings. To encourage their adoption, we review and compare recent developments in SCTTs, and how they can enable selected clinical applications. To help bridge the gap between fundamental research and its translation to the clinic, we also describe how Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) can be integrated in the design of SCTTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Duckert
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200d, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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8
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Brown RB, Dufour S, Deladurantaye P, Bouch NL, Gallant P, Méthot S, Rochette PJ, Mermut O. Effect of laser pulse shaping on photoacoustic dosimetry in retinal models. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6590-6604. [PMID: 33282510 PMCID: PMC7687941 DOI: 10.1364/boe.403703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic sensing can be a powerful technique to obtain real-time feedback of laser energy dose in treatments of biological tissue. However, when laser therapy uses pulses with microsecond duration, they are not optimal for photoacoustic pressure wave generation. This study examines a programmable fiber laser technique using pulse modulation in order to optimize the photoacoustic feedback signal to noise ratio (SNR) in a context where longer laser pulses are employed, such as in selective retinal therapy. We have demonstrated with a homogeneous tissue phantom that this method can yield a greater than seven-fold improvement in SNR over non-modulated square pulses of the same duration and pulse energy. This technique was further investigated for assessment of treatment outcomes in leporine retinal explants by photoacoustic mapping around the cavitation-induced frequency band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Brown
- National Optics Institute (INO), 2740 Einstein St., Quebec City, G1P 4S4, Canada
- authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Suzie Dufour
- National Optics Institute (INO), 2740 Einstein St., Quebec City, G1P 4S4, Canada
- authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Pascal Deladurantaye
- National Optics Institute (INO), 2740 Einstein St., Quebec City, G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Nolwenn Le Bouch
- National Optics Institute (INO), 2740 Einstein St., Quebec City, G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Pascal Gallant
- National Optics Institute (INO), 2740 Einstein St., Quebec City, G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Sébastien Méthot
- Laval University, Department of Ophthalmology and ORL, Quebec City, G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, CHU Quebec, Saint-Sacrement Hospital, Quebec City, G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Patrick J. Rochette
- Laval University, Department of Ophthalmology and ORL, Quebec City, G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, CHU Quebec, Saint-Sacrement Hospital, Quebec City, G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ozzy Mermut
- National Optics Institute (INO), 2740 Einstein St., Quebec City, G1P 4S4, Canada
- York University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Toronto, Canada, M3J 1P3, Canada
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9
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Advances in Micromanipulation Actuated by Vibration-Induced Acoustic Waves and Streaming Flow. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10041260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of vibration and acoustic characteristics for micromanipulation has been prevalent in recent years. Due to high biocompatibility, non-contact operation, and relatively low cost, the micromanipulation actuated by the vibration-induced acoustic wave and streaming flow has been widely applied in the sorting, translating, rotating, and trapping of targets at the submicron and micron scales, especially particles and single cells. In this review, to facilitate subsequent research, we summarize the fundamental theories of manipulation driven by vibration-induced acoustic waves and streaming flow. These methods are divided into two types: actuated by the acoustic wave, and actuated by the steaming flow induced by vibrating geometric structures. Recently proposed representative vibroacoustic-driven micromanipulation methods are introduced and compared, and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. Finally, prospects are presented based on our review of the recent advances and developing trends.
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10
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Karim F, Vasquez ES, Sun Y, Zhao C. Optothermal microbubble assisted manufacturing of nanogap-rich structures for active chemical sensing. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20589-20597. [PMID: 31638631 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05892c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Guiding analytes to the sensing area is an indispensable step in a sensing system. Most of the sensing systems apply a passive sensing method, which waits for the analytes to diffuse towards the sensor. However, passive sensing methods limit the detection of analytes to a picomolar range on micro/nanosensors for a practical time scale. Therefore, active sensing methods need to be used to improve the detection limit in which the analytes are forced to concentrate on the sensors. In this article, we have demonstrated the manufacturing of nanogap-rich structures for active chemical sensing. Nanogap-rich structures are manufactured from metallic nanoparticles through an optothermally generated microbubble (OGMB) which is a laser-induced micron-sized bubble. The OGMB induces a strong convective flow that helps to deposit metallic nanoparticles to form nanogap-rich structures on a solid surface. In addition, the OGMB is used to guide and concentrate analytes towards the nanogap-rich structures for the active sensing of analytes. An active sensing method can improve the detection limit of chemical substances by an order of magnitude compared to a passive sensing method. The microbubble assisted manufacturing of nanogap-rich structures together with an active analyte sensing method paves a new way for advanced chemical and bio-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzia Karim
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Erick S Vasquez
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Yvonne Sun
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA and Department of Physics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.
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11
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Zhao C, Shah PJ, Bissell LJ. Laser additive nano-manufacturing under ambient conditions. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16187-16199. [PMID: 31461093 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05350f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing at the macroscale has become a hot topic of research in recent years. It has been used by engineers for rapid prototyping and low-volume production. The development of such technologies at the nanoscale, or additive nanomanufacturing, will provide a future path for new nanotechnology applications. In this review article, we introduce several available toolboxes that can be potentially used for additive nanomanufacturing. We especially focus on laser-based additive nanomanufacturing under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469-2314, USA. and Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469-2314, USA
| | - Piyush J Shah
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469-2314, USA and Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2179 12th St, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7718, USA.
| | - Luke J Bissell
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 2179 12th St, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7718, USA.
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12
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Du X, Wang J, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhang Z, Yao C. Advanced physical techniques for gene delivery based on membrane perforation. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1516-1525. [PMID: 29968512 PMCID: PMC6058615 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1480674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery as a promising and valid tool has been used for treating many serious diseases that conventional drug therapies cannot cure. Due to the advancement of physical technology and nanotechnology, advanced physical gene delivery methods such as electroporation, magnetoporation, sonoporation and optoporation have been extensively developed and are receiving increasing attention, which have the advantages of briefness and nontoxicity. This review introduces the technique detail of membrane perforation, with a brief discussion for future development, with special emphasis on nanoparticles mediated optoporation that have developed as an new alternative transfection technique in the last two decades. In particular, the advanced physical approaches development and new technology are highlighted, which intends to stimulate rapid advancement of perforation techniques, develop new delivery strategies and accelerate application of these techniques in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Du
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Luwei Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
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13
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Patchable micro/nanodevices interacting with skin. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 122:189-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Capozza R, Caprettini V, Gonano CA, Bosca A, Moia F, Santoro F, De Angelis F. Cell Membrane Disruption by Vertical Micro-/Nanopillars: Role of Membrane Bending and Traction Forces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:29107-29114. [PMID: 30081625 PMCID: PMC6117743 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gaining access to the cell interior is fundamental for many applications, such as electrical recording and drug and biomolecular delivery. A very promising technique consists of culturing cells on micro-/nanopillars. The tight adhesion and high local deformation of cells in contact with nanostructures can promote the permeabilization of lipids at the plasma membrane, providing access to the internal compartment. However, there is still much experimental controversy regarding when and how the intracellular environment is targeted and the role of the geometry and interactions with surfaces. Consequently, we investigated, by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of the cell membrane, the mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer under high strain and bending conditions. We found out that a high curvature of the lipid bilayer dramatically lowers the traction force necessary to achieve membrane rupture. Afterward, we experimentally studied the permeabilization rate of the cell membrane by pillars with comparable aspect ratios but different sharpness values at the edges. The experimental data support the simulation results: even pillars with diameters in the micron range may cause local membrane disruption when their edges are sufficiently sharp. Therefore, the permeabilization likelihood is connected to the local geometric features of the pillars rather than diameter or aspect ratio. The present study can also provide significant contributions to the design of three-dimensional biointerfaces for tissue engineering and cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Capozza
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Caprettini
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Università
degli studi di Genova, Genova 16126, Italy
| | - Carlo A. Gonano
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bosca
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Moia
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Center
for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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15
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Stewart MP, Langer R, Jensen KF. Intracellular Delivery by Membrane Disruption: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Concepts. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7409-7531. [PMID: 30052023 PMCID: PMC6763210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical applications ranging from biomanufacture to cell-based therapies. Here, we review techniques for membrane disruption-based intracellular delivery from 1911 until the present. These methods achieve rapid, direct, and universal delivery of almost any cargo molecule or material that can be dispersed in solution. We start by covering the motivations for intracellular delivery and the challenges associated with the different cargo types-small molecules, proteins/peptides, nucleic acids, synthetic nanomaterials, and large cargo. The review then presents a broad comparison of delivery strategies followed by an analysis of membrane disruption mechanisms and the biology of the cell response. We cover mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical strategies of membrane disruption with a particular emphasis on their applications and challenges to implementation. Throughout, we highlight specific mechanisms of membrane disruption and suggest areas in need of further experimentation. We hope the concepts discussed in our review inspire scientists and engineers with further ideas to improve intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Stewart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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Karim F, Vasquez ES, Zhao C. Fabricated nanogap-rich plasmonic nanostructures through an optothermal surface bubble in a droplet. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:334-336. [PMID: 29328275 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and cost-effective method for the fabrication of nanogap-rich structures is demonstrated in this Letter. The method utilizes the Marangoni convection around an optothermal surface bubble inside a liquid droplet with a nanoliter volume. The liquid droplet containing metallic nanoparticles reduces the sample consumption and confines the liquid flow. The optothermal surface bubble creates a strong convective flow that allows for the rapid deposition of the metallic nanoparticles to form nanogap-rich structures on any substrate under ambient conditions. This method will enable a broad range of applications such as biosensing, environmental analysis, and nonlinear optics.
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17
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Rahman MA, Takahashi N, Siliga KF, Ng NK, Wang Z, Ohta AT. Vision-assisted micromanipulation using closed-loop actuation of multiple microrobots. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:7. [PMID: 29152448 PMCID: PMC5662703 DOI: 10.1186/s40638-017-0064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accurate control and precise positioning of opto-thermocapillary flow-addressed bubble microrobots are necessary for micromanipulation. In addition, micromanipulation using the simultaneous actuation of multiple microrobots requires a robust control system to enable independent motion. This paper demonstrates a hybrid closed-loop vision-assisted control system capable of actuating multiple microrobots simultaneously and positioning them at precise locations relative to micro-objects under manipulation. A vision-assisted grasp-planning application was developed and used to calculate the necessary trajectories of the microrobots to form cages around micro-objects. The location of the microrobots and the micro-objects was detected at the caging locations using a particle-tracking application that used image feedback for precise positioning. The closed-loop image feedback information enabled the position update of the microrobots, allowing them to precisely follow the trajectory and caging locations calculated by the grasp-planning application. Four microrobots were assigned to cage a star-shaped micro-object using the closed-loop control system. Once caged, the micro-object was transported to a location within the workspace and uncaged, demonstrating the micromanipulation task. This microrobotic system is well suited for the micromanipulation of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arifur Rahman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2540 Dole Street, Holmes Hall 483, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Noboru Takahashi
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016 Japan
| | - Kawai F Siliga
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2540 Dole Street, Holmes Hall 483, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Nigel K Ng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2540 Dole Street, Holmes Hall 483, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Advanced Robotics, Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016 Japan
| | - Aaron T Ohta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2540 Dole Street, Holmes Hall 483, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
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18
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Caprettini V, Cerea A, Melle G, Lovato L, Capozza R, Huang JA, Tantussi F, Dipalo M, De Angelis F. Soft electroporation for delivering molecules into tightly adherent mammalian cells through 3D hollow nanoelectrodes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8524. [PMID: 28819252 PMCID: PMC5561120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroporation of in-vitro cultured cells is widely used in biological and medical areas to deliver molecules of interest inside cells. Since very high electric fields are required to electroporate the plasma membrane, depending on the geometry of the electrodes the required voltages can be very high and often critical to cell viability. Furthermore, in traditional electroporation configuration based on planar electrodes there is no a priori certain feedback about which cell has been targeted and delivered and the addition of fluorophores may be needed to gain this information. In this study we present a nanofabricated platform able to perform intracellular delivery of membrane-impermeable molecules by opening transient nanopores into the lipid membrane of adherent cells with high spatial precision and with the application of low voltages (1.5–2 V). This result is obtained by exploiting the tight seal that the cells present with 3D fluidic hollow gold-coated nanostructures that act as nanochannels and nanoelectrodes at the same time. The final soft-electroporation platform provides an accessible approach for controlled and selective drug delivery on ordered arrangements of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caprettini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy.,Università degli studi di Genova, Genoa, 16126, Italy
| | - Andrea Cerea
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy.,Università degli studi di Genova, Genoa, 16126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Melle
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy.,Università degli studi di Genova, Genoa, 16126, Italy
| | - Laura Lovato
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | | | - Jian-An Huang
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy
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Rahman MA, Cheng J, Wang Z, Ohta AT. Cooperative Micromanipulation Using the Independent Actuation of Fifty Microrobots in Parallel. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3278. [PMID: 28607359 PMCID: PMC5468299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micromanipulation for applications in areas such as tissue engineering can require mesoscale structures to be assembled with microscale resolution. One method for achieving such manipulation is the parallel actuation of many microrobots in parallel. However, current microrobot systems lack the independent actuation of many entities in parallel. Here, the independent actuation of fifty opto-thermocapillary flow-addressed bubble (OFB) microrobots in parallel is demonstrated. Individual microrobots and groups of microrobots were moved along linear, circular, and arbitrary 2D trajectories. The independent addressing of many microrobots enables higher-throughput microassembly of micro-objects, and cooperative manipulation using multiple microrobots. Demonstrations of manipulation with multiple OFB microrobots include the transportation of microstructures using a pair or team of microrobots, and the cooperative manipulation of multiple micro-objects. The results presented here represent an order of magnitude increase in the number of independently actuated microrobots in parallel as compared to other magnetically or electrostatically actuated microrobots, and a factor of two increase as compared to previous demonstrations of OFB microrobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arifur Rahman
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Julian Cheng
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Dept. of Advanced Robotics, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aaron T Ohta
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
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Xie Y, Zhao C. An optothermally generated surface bubble and its applications. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6622-6631. [PMID: 28485456 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01360d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Under laser illumination, a solid-state surface or nanostructure can turn into a micro/nano heating source with the so-called optothermal effect. This effect allows for non-invasive control of heat at the micro/nanoscale. In the presence of a liquid, a surface bubble can be generated on top of the solid surface or nanostructure at a temperature much higher than the boiling point of the liquid. The high temperature and the fluid flow associated with the optothermally generated surface bubble enable many intriguing applications, ranging from the micro/nano-manipulation of fluids, particles, cells, and light to the synthesis of micro/nano-structures under ambient conditions. In this review article, we present the fundamentals, recent developments, and future perspectives in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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21
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Fan Q, Hu W, Ohta AT. Localized Single-Cell Lysis and Manipulation Using Optothermally-Induced Bubbles. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8. [PMID: 29333289 PMCID: PMC5766267 DOI: 10.3390/mi8040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Localized single cells can be lysed precisely and selectively using microbubbles optothermally generated by microsecond laser pulses. The shear stress from the microstreaming surrounding laser-induced microbubbles and direct contact with the surface of expanding bubbles cause the rupture of targeted cell membranes. High-resolution single-cell lysis is demonstrated: cells adjacent to targeted cells are not lysed. It is also shown that only a portion of the cell membrane can be punctured using this method. Both suspension and adherent cell types can be lysed in this system, and cell manipulation can be integrated for cell–cell interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Fan
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Wenqi Hu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
| | - Aaron T. Ohta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-808-956-8196; Fax: +1-808-956-3427
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23
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Messina GC, Dipalo M, La Rocca R, Zilio P, Caprettini V, Proietti Zaccaria R, Toma A, Tantussi F, Berdondini L, De Angelis F. Spatially, Temporally, and Quantitatively Controlled Delivery of Broad Range of Molecules into Selected Cells through Plasmonic Nanotubes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7145-9. [PMID: 26445223 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A Universal plasmonic/microfluidic platform for spatial and temporal controlled intracellular delivery is described. The system can inject/transfect the desired amount of molecules with an efficacy close to 100%. Moreover, it is highly scalable from single cells to large ensembles without administering the molecules to an extracellular bath. The latter enables quantitative control over the amount of injected molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele Dipalo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Rosanna La Rocca
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Toma
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Luca Berdondini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
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