1
|
Li D, Li M, Jia Z, Wei Z. A biomass phosphonamide enables biodegradable polylactide with favorable flame retardancy and rapid crystallization. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133365. [PMID: 38914410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PLA is widely known as biodegradable plastics whose further application in fields such as automotive and architectural is still constrained by its flammability and unsatisfactory crystallization properties. To address the aforementioned concerns, a novel biomass phosphonamide PDPA was synthesized with chemical structure confirmed by FTIR, NMR and elemental analysis tests. Immediately thereafter, PLA/PDPA composites were prepared by melting blending, with a focus on flame retardancy, crystallization properties and flame-retardant mechanism. As expected, PDPA efficiently enhanced both the flame retardancy and crystallization properties of PLA. Specifically, the PLA/4.0PDPA obtained UL-94 V-0 grade and the LOI value increased to 28.6 % with only 4 wt% PDPA added, which comes down to the superior free radical capture and dilution effect of PDPA in the vapor phase and the melting droplet effect. More appealingly, the crystallinity of PLA/4.0PDPA was significantly enhanced to 43.4 % from 2.5 % of PLA, and the shortest t1/2 was 4 mins in the isothermal crystallization process due to the excellent heterogeneous nucleation of PDPA. Moreover, PLA/PDPA composites maintain almost the same mechanical performance as pure PLA. In brief, this work provides a green strategy for the preparation of PLA composites with excellent comprehensive performance and shows great potential in engineering materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Minglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zihan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tuble KAQ, Omisol CJM, Abilay GY, Tomon TRB, Aguinid BJM, Dumancas GG, Malaluan RM, Lubguban AA. Synergistic effect of phytic acid and eggshell bio-fillers on the dual-phase fire-retardancy of intumescent coatings applied on cellulosic substrates. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142226. [PMID: 38704039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Cellulosic substrates, including wood and thatch, have become icons for sustainable architecture and construction, however, they suffer from high flammability because of their inherent cellulosic composition. Current control measures for such hazards include applying intumescent fire-retardant (IFR) coatings that swell and form a char layer upon ignition, protecting the underlying substrate from burning. Typically, conventional IFR coatings are opaque and are made of halogenated compounds that release toxic fumes when ignited, compromising the roofing's aesthetic value and sustainability. In this work, phytic acid, a naturally occurring phosphorus source extracted from rice bran, was used to synthesize phytic acid-based fire-retardants (PFR) via esterification under reflux, along with powdered chicken eggshells (CES) as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) bio-filler. These components were incorporated into melamine formaldehyde resin to produce the transparent IFR coating. It was revealed that the developed IFR coatings achieved the highest fire protection rating based on UL94 flammability standards compared to the control. The coatings also yielded increased LOI values, indicative of self-extinguishing properties. A 17 °C elevation of the IFR coating's melting temperature and a significant ∼172% increase in enthalpy change from the control were observed, indicating enhanced fire-retardancy. The thermal stability of the coatings was improved, denoted by reduced mass losses, and increased residual masses after thermal degradation. As validated by microscopy and spectroscopy, the abundance of phosphorus and carbon groups in the coatings' condensed phase after combustion indicates enhanced char formation. In the gas phase, TG-FTIR showed the evolution of non-flammable CO2, and fire-retardant PO and P-O-C. Mechanical property testing confirmed no reduction in the adhesion strength of the IFR coating. With these results, the developed IFR coating exhibited enhanced fire-retardancy whilst remaining optically transparent, suggestive of a dual-phase IFR protective mechanism involving the release of gaseous combustion diluents and the formation of a thermally insulating char layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kent Andrew Q Tuble
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines; Department of Materials & Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Christine Joy M Omisol
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Gerson Y Abilay
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines; Department of Materials & Resources Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Tomas Ralph B Tomon
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Blessy Joy M Aguinid
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | | | - Roberto M Malaluan
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Arnold A Lubguban
- Center for Sustainable Polymers, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200, Iligan City, Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jašek V, Fučík J, Krhut J, Mravcova L, Figalla S, Přikryl R. A Study of Isosorbide Synthesis from Sorbitol for Material Applications Using Isosorbide Dimethacrylate for Enhancement of Bio-Based Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3640. [PMID: 37688269 PMCID: PMC10490356 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-based cross-linkers can fulfill the role of enhancing additives in bio-sourced curable materials that do not compare with artificial resin precursors. Isosorbide dimethacrylate (ISDMMA) synthesized from isosorbide (ISD) can serve as a cross-linker from renewable sources. Isosorbide is a bicyclic carbon molecule produced by the reaction modification of sorbitol and the optimal conditions of this reaction were studied in this work. The reaction temperature of 130 °C and 1% w/w amount of para-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) were determined as optimal and resulted in a yield of 81.9%. Isosorbide dimethacrylate was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution with methacrylic anhydride (MAA) with the conversion of 94.1% of anhydride. Formed ISD and ISDMMA were characterized via multiple verification methods (FT-IR, MS, 1H NMR, and XRD). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) proved the curability of ISDMMA (activation energy Ea of 146.2 kJ/mol) and the heat-resistant index of ISDMMA (Ts reaching value of 168.9) was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Characterized ISDMMA was added to the precursor mixture containing methacrylated alkyl 3-hydroxybutyrates (methyl ester M3HBMMA and ethyl ester E3HBMMA), and the mixtures were cured via photo-initiation. The amount of ISDMMA cross-linker increased all measured parameters obtained via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), such as storage modulus (E') and glass transition temperature (Tg), and the calculated cross-linking densities (νe). Therefore, the enhancement influence of bio-based ISDMMA on resins from renewable sources was confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Jašek
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Jan Fučík
- Institute of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Jiří Krhut
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Ludmila Mravcova
- Institute of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Silvestr Figalla
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Radek Přikryl
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.F.); (R.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng J, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Liang H, Wang H, Song P. Rethinking the pathway to sustainable fire retardants. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220088. [PMID: 37933239 PMCID: PMC10624375 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants are currently used in a wide range of industry sectors for saving lives and property by mitigating fire hazards. The growing fire safety requirements for materials boost an escalating demand for consumption of fire retardants. This has significantly driven both the industry and scientific community to pursue sustainable fire retardants, but what makes a sustainable flame retardant? Here an overview of recent advances in sustainable flame retardants is offered, and their renewable raw materials, green synthesis and life cycle assessments are highlighted. A discussion on key challenges that hinder the innovation of fire retardants and design principles for creating truly sustainable yet cost-effective fire retardants are also presented. This short work is expected to help drive the development of sustainable, cost-effective fire retardants, and expedite the creation of a more sustainable and safer society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Feng
- China‐Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and ManufacturingJiaxing UniversityJiaxingChina
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and EngineeringNingboTech UniversityNingboChina
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityTexasUSA
| | - Hong Liang
- Mary Kay O'Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityTexasUSA
| | - Hao Wang
- Centre for Future MaterialsUniversity of Southern QueenslandSpringfieldAustralia
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future MaterialsUniversity of Southern QueenslandSpringfieldAustralia
- School of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Southern QueenslandSpringfieldAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Gong W, Meng X, Li C, Gao J. Preparation of a biobased core‐shell flame retardant and its application in polylactic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Weiguang Gong
- Research and Development Center for Sports Materials East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xin Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jin Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Q, Liu H, Guan J, Yang X, Luo B. Synergistic Flame Retardancy of Phosphatized Sesbania Gum/Ammonium Polyphosphate on Polylactic Acid. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154748. [PMID: 35897921 PMCID: PMC9332061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphating sesbania gum (DESG) was obtained by modifying sesbania gum (SG) with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and endic anhydride (EA). The structure of DESG was determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Flame-retardant polylactic acid (PLA) composites were prepared by melt-blending PLA with DESG, which acted as a carbon source, and ammonium polyphosphate (APP), which acted as an acid source and a gas source. The flame retardancy of the PLA composite was investigated using vertical combustion (UL-94), the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the cone calorimeter (CONE) test. Thermal properties and morphology were characterized via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. Experimental results indicated that when the mass ratio of DESG/APP was equal to 12/8 the LOI value was 32.2%; a vertical burning test (UL-94) V-0 rating was achieved. Meanwhile, the sample showed a lowest total heat release (THR) value of 52.7 MJ/m2, which is a 32.5% reduction compared to that of neat PLA. Using FESEM, the uniform distribution of DESG and APP in the PLA matrix was observed. The synergistic effect of DESG and APP effectively enhanced the flame retardancy of PLA. Additionally, the synergistic mechanism of DESG and APP in PLA was proposed.
Collapse
|
7
|
De Smet D, Wéry M, Bader M, Stachel I, Meyer M, Vanneste M. Green Sorbitol- and Isosorbide-Based Flame Retardants for Cotton Fabrics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6375. [PMID: 34771901 PMCID: PMC8585382 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flame retardancy is often required in various textile applications. Halogenated flame retardants (FR) are commonly used since they have good FR performance. Several of these components are listed under REACH. Halogen-free FR compounds have been developed as alternatives. So far, not many biobased FR have made it to the market and are being applied in the textile sector, leaving great opportunities since biobased products are experiencing a renaissance. In this study, renewable FR based on sorbitol and isosorbide were synthesised. The reaction was performed in the melt. The resulting biobased FR were characterised via FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Cotton fabrics functionalized with the developed biobased FR passed ISO 15025 FR test. After washing, the FR properties of the fabrics decreased (longer afterflame and afterglow time) but still complied with ISO 15025, indicating the biobased FR were semi-permanent. The amount of residue of modified sorbitol and isosorbide measured at 600 °C in air was 31% and 27%, respectively. Cotton treated with biobased modified FR showed no ignition during cone calorimetry experiments, indicating a flame retardancy. Furthermore, a charring of the FR containing samples was observed by means of cone calorimetry and TGA measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David De Smet
- Centexbel, Technologiepark 70, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.W.); (M.V.)
| | - Madeleine Wéry
- Centexbel, Technologiepark 70, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.W.); (M.V.)
| | - Miriam Bader
- FILK Freiberg Institute gGmbH, Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (M.B.); (I.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ines Stachel
- FILK Freiberg Institute gGmbH, Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (M.B.); (I.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael Meyer
- FILK Freiberg Institute gGmbH, Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (M.B.); (I.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Myriam Vanneste
- Centexbel, Technologiepark 70, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (M.W.); (M.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gong W, Fan M, Luo J, Liang J, Meng X. Effect of nickel phytate on flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant polylactic acid. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Gong
- Research and Development Center for Sports Materials East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Min Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials, Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Ji Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials, Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Juan Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials, Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xin Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials, Chemical Engineering and Production Engineering Department, School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effect of a Novel Flame Retardant on the Mechanical, Thermal and Combustion Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102407. [PMID: 33086626 PMCID: PMC7603380 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic) acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biobased materials, but its inherent flammability limits its applications. A novel flame retardant hexa-(DOPO-hydroxymethylphenoxy-dihydroxybiphenyl)-cyclotriphosphazene (HABP-DOPO) for PLA was prepared by bonding 9,10-dihydro-9-oxy-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to cyclotriphosphazene. The morphologies, mechanical properties, thermal stability and burning behaviors of PLA/HABP-DOPO blends were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a universal mechanical testing machine, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94) and a cone calorimeter test (CCT). The LOI value reached 28.5% and UL-94 could pass V-0 for the PLA blend containing 25 wt% HABP-DOPO. A significant improvement in fire retardant performance was observed for PLA/HABP-DOPO blends. PLA/HABP-DOPO blends exhibited balanced mechanical properties. The flame retardant mechanism of PLA/HABP-DOPO blends was evaluated.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Yang W, Zhao W, Ruan F, Li S, Liu J. Synthesis and characterization of SPDSCD and its flame retardant application on epoxy resins. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28654-28663. [PMID: 35520038 PMCID: PMC9055797 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a flame retardant agent, 2,4,8,10-tetraoxo-3,9-diphosphospiro[5.5]undecane spirophosphate-4,4-diaminopair benzene disulfone-1,3,5-himetriazine (SPDSCD), is synthesized through a direct polycondensation reaction. SPDSCD is a chemically expanded phosphorus-containing flame retardant in epoxy resins (EP). The molecular structure of SPDSCD and thermal stability are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, and EP/SPDSCD composites were investigated in detail. These properties are associated with the phosphorus-containing spiro structure on the main molecular chain which can promote condensation polymerization into carbon during pyrolysis, the new nitrogen-containing carbon source, and the triazine structure. SPDSCD shows good thermal stability and low flammability, the weight loss from 500 to 800 °C was only 6.1 wt%, and the residual mass at 800 °C was 48.9 wt%. With the addition of SPDSCD, the flame retardant quality of the composites was gradually enhanced, the carbon residue becomes denser, which isolates heat transfer and inhibits the volatilization of flue gas. The addition of 20 wt% SPDSCD in the EP sample was associated with a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 26% and a vertical burning V-0 rating. Cone calorimeter test shows that the peak heat release rate is reduced by 75%; the heat release rate curve enters the heat release platform area with a value lower than the first peak, TSP is reduced by 24%, the ac-CO2Y value reduced by 25.6%, indicating that SPDSCD/EP produced less CO2, which obviously prevented the combustion of volatile gas. SPDSCD exerted a charring and barrier effect in the condensation phase. Using basic characterization and flame retardancy testing, this work determined that SPDSCD has good flame retardancy when added to EP. In this study, a flame retardant agent, 2,4,8,10-tetraoxo-3,9-diphosphospiro[5.5]undecane spirophosphate-4,4-diaminopair benzene disulfone-1,3,5-himetriazine (SPDSCD), is synthesized through a direct polycondensation reaction.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891.,Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Vocational College of Science &Technology Weifang 261053 China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891
| | - Wei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Space Manufacturing Technology, Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100094 China
| | - Fang Ruan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891
| | - Shulei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891
| | - Jiping Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China +86-139-10788891
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Howell BA, Daniel YG. Synthesis and characterization of isomeric diphenylphosphatoisosorbide acrylates. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2019.1708361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bob A. Howell
- Science of Advanced Materials, Center for Applications in Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Yoseph G. Daniel
- Science of Advanced Materials, Center for Applications in Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Biodegradable Flame Retardants for Biodegradable Polymer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071038. [PMID: 32664598 PMCID: PMC7407105 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve sustainability of polymers and to reduce carbon footprint, polymers from renewable resources are given significant attention due to the developing concern over environmental protection. The renewable materials are progressively used in many technical applications instead of short-term-use products. However, among other applications, the flame retardancy of such polymers needs to be improved for technical applications due to potential fire risk and their involvement in our daily life. To overcome this potential risk, various flame retardants (FRs) compounds based on conventional and non-conventional approaches such as inorganic FRs, nitrogen-based FRs, halogenated FRs and nanofillers were synthesized. However, most of the conventional FRs are non-biodegradable and if disposed in the landfill, microorganisms in the soil or water cannot degrade them. Hence, they remain in the environment for long time and may find their way not only in the food chain but can also easily attach to any airborne particle and can travel distances and may end up in freshwater, food products, ecosystems, or even can be inhaled if they are present in the air. Furthermore, it is not a good choice to use non-biodegradable FRs in biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA). Therefore, the goal of this review paper is to promote the use of biodegradable and bio-based compounds for flame retardants used in polymeric materials.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ji W, Wang D, Guo J, Fei B, Gu X, Li H, Sun J, Zhang S. The preparation of starch derivatives reacted with urea-phosphoric acid and effects on fire performance of expandable polystyrene foams. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115841. [PMID: 32059893 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel bio-based flame retardant, ammonium phosphate starch carbamates (APSC) was synthesized from starch, phosphoric acid and urea to achieve better thermal stability and char formation. Flame retardant expandable polystyrene foams (EPS) were prepared by coating method with APSC. The fire resistance evaluation of EPS composites by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94) and cone calorimeter tests indicated that the addition of 47 wt.% of APSC enhanced the LOI from 17.6%-35.2%, with V-0 rating in UL-94, and decreased the peak heat release rate from 666 kW/m2 to 316 kW/m2. Moreover, the total smoke production was also sharply decreased from 70 m2 of pure EPS to 17 m2. By the presence of APSC, the substantial char formation prevented the heat and oxygen transfer, and interrupted the releasing of flammable products, thus protecting the EPS foam from burning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials, Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Synthesis of acrylated cardanol diphenyl phosphate for UV curable flame-retardant coating application. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
15
|
Sag J, Goedderz D, Kukla P, Greiner L, Schönberger F, Döring M. Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants from Biobased Chemicals and Their Application in Polyesters and Epoxy Resins. Molecules 2019; 24:E3746. [PMID: 31627395 PMCID: PMC6833091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus-containing flame retardants synthesized from renewable resources have had a lot of impact in recent years. This article outlines the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of these compounds in polyesters and epoxy resins. The different approaches used in producing biobased flame retardant polyesters and epoxy resins are reported. While for the polyesters biomass derived compounds usually are phosphorylated and melt blended with the polymer, biobased flame retardants for epoxy resins are directly incorporated into the polymer structure by a using a phosphorylated biobased monomer or curing agent. Evaluating the efficiency of the flame retardant composites is done by discussing results obtained from UL94 vertical burning, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry tests. The review ends with an outlook on future development trends of biobased flame retardant systems for polyesters and epoxy resins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sag
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Daniela Goedderz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
- Ernst-Berl Institute for Chemical Engineering and Macromolecular Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Philipp Kukla
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Lara Greiner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Frank Schönberger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Manfred Döring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Howell BA, Lazar ST. Biobased Plasticizers from Glycerol/Adipic Acid Hyperbranched Poly(ester)s. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bob A. Howell
- Center for Applications in Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859-0001, United States
| | - Simone T. Lazar
- Center for Applications in Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859-0001, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hu C, Bourbigot S, Delaunay T, Collinet M, Marcille S, Fontaine G. Synthesis of isosorbide based flame retardants: Application for polybutylene succinate. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Nazir
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced FibersEmpa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced FibersEmpa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St. Gallen Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tawiah B, Yu B, Yuen AC, Yuen RK, Xin JH, Fei B. Thermal, crystalline and mechanical properties of flame retarded Poly(lactic acid) with a PBO-like small molecule - Phenylphosphonic Bis(2-aminobenzothiazole). Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
20
|
Hobbs CE. Recent Advances in Bio-Based Flame Retardant Additives for Synthetic Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E224. [PMID: 30960208 PMCID: PMC6419264 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It would be difficult to imagine how modern life across the globe would operate in the absence of synthetic polymers. Although these materials (mostly in the form of plastics) have revolutionized our daily lives, there are consequences to their use, one of these being their high levels of flammability. For this reason, research into the development of flame retardant (FR) additives for these materials is of tremendous importance. However, many of the FRs prepared are problematic due to their negative impacts on human health and the environment. Furthermore, their preparations are neither green nor sustainable since they require typical organic synthetic processes that rely on fossil fuels. Because of this, the need to develop more sustainable and non-toxic options is vital. Many research groups have turned their attention to preparing new bio-based FR additives for synthetic polymers. This review explores some of the recent examples made in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Hobbs
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Howell BA, Lazar ST. Biobased Plasticizers from Carbohydrate-Derived 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bob A. Howell
- Center for Applications in Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859-0001, United States
| | - Simone T. Lazar
- Center for Applications in Polymer Science, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859-0001, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Zhang M, Gao Y, Zhan Y, Ding X, Wang M, Wang X. Preparing the Degradable, Flame-Retardant and Low Dielectric Constant Nanocomposites for Flexible and Miniaturized Electronics with Poly(lactic acid), Nano ZIF-8@GO and Resorcinol Di(phenyl phosphate). MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091756. [PMID: 30231468 PMCID: PMC6165200 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Degradable, flame retardant, and flexible nanocomposite films with low dielectric constant were prepared with poly (lactic acid) (PLA), nano ZIF-8@GO, and degradable flame-retardant resorcinol di(phenyl phosphate) (RDP). The SEM results of the fractured surfaces indicated that ZIF-8@GO and RDP were dispersed uniformly in the PLA matrix. The prepared films had good mechanical properties and the tensile strength of the film with 1.5 wt% of ZIF-8@GO was increased to 48.2 MPa, compared with 38.5 MPa of pure PLA. Meanwhile, the nanocomposite films were flexible due to the toughing effect of RDP. Moreover, above 27.0% of limited oxygen index (LOI) and a VTM-0 rating were achieved for the nanocomposite films. The effects of nano ZIF-8@GO hybrids and RDP on the dielectric properties were investigated, and the results showed that ZIF-8@GO and RDP were beneficial in reducing the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhang
- School of Chemical-Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Chemical-Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Yixing Zhan
- School of Chemical-Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Ding
- School of Chemical-Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Ming Wang
- School of Chemical-Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Xinlong Wang
- School of Chemical-Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vijjamarri S, Hull M, Kolodka E, Du G. Renewable Isohexide-Based, Hydrolytically Degradable Poly(silyl ether)s with High Thermal Stability. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:2881-2888. [PMID: 29958332 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several degradable poly(silyl ether)s (PSEs) have been synthesized by dehydrogenative cross-coupling between bio-based 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitols (isosorbide and isomannide) and commercially available hydrosilanes. An air-stable manganese salen nitrido complex [MnV N(salen-3,5-tBu2 )] was employed as the catalyst. High-molecular-weight polymer was obtained from isosorbide and diphenylsilane (Mn up to 17000 g mol-1 ). Thermal analysis showed that these PSEs possessed high thermal stability with thermal decomposition temperatures (T-5 % ) of 347-446 °C and glass transition temperatures of 42-120 °C. Structure-property analysis suggested that steric bulk and molecular weight have a significant influence to determine the thermal properties of synthesized polymers. Importantly, these polymers were degraded effectively to small molecules under acidic and basic hydrolysis conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Vijjamarri
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Marianne Hull
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Edward Kolodka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, 241 Centennial Dr. Stop 7101, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Guodong Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Novel Dihydroxy-Containing Ammonium Phosphate Based Poly(Lactic Acid): Synthesis, Characterization and Flame Retardancy. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10080871. [PMID: 30960796 PMCID: PMC6403760 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to prepare flame-retardant biobased poly(lactic acid) materials through incorporating a novel flame retardant dihydroxy-containing ammonium phosphate (DAP) derived from 2-chloro-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane-2-oxide (DOP) and 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD). Interestingly, PLA modified with only 0.5% DAP passed UL-94 V-0 rating, and possessed a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 24.6%, which would further increase with the increasing loading of DAP. PLA/DAP did not exhibit obviously improved results in terms of heat release rate (HRR), as the loading of DAP was relatively low. It was found that DAP showed little effect on the thermal stability of PLA and the onset decomposition temperatures of PLA and PLA/DAP blends were very close. Besides, the degree of crystallization increased because of the plasticized effect of DAP. Based on the analyses of flame-retardant mechanism of DAP, it disclosed that DAP decomposed to generate incombustible compounds, such as water and ammonia, to dilute the concentration of oxygen and fuels, and then release some phosphorus-containing fragments that could produce phosphorus-containing free radicals to interrupt free-radical reactions, and finally noncombustible melt dripping was produced so as to bring away large amount of heat and stop the feedback of heat to the matrix.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gu L, Qiu J, Qiu C, Yao Y, Sakai E, Yang L. Mechanical Properties and Degrading Behaviors of Aluminum Hypophosphite-Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) Nanocomposites. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2018.1466169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Gu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Jianhui Qiu
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Youwei Yao
- Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Eiichi Sakai
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Liting Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sun CB, Mao HD, Chen F, Fu Q. Preparation of Polylactide Composite with Excellent Flame Retardance and Improved Mechanical Properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
28
|
Yin W, Chen L, Lu F, Song P, Dai J, Meng L. Mechanically Robust, Flame-Retardant Poly(lactic acid) Biocomposites via Combining Cellulose Nanofibers and Ammonium Polyphosphate. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5615-5626. [PMID: 31458762 PMCID: PMC6641890 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the application range of flame-retardant polymer biocomposites remains a huge challenge for a sustainable society. Despite largely enhanced flame retardancy, until now the resultant poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites still suffer reduced tensile strength and impact toughness due to improper material design strategies. We, herein, demonstrate the design of a green flame retardant additive (ammonium polyphosphate (APP)@cellulose nanofiber (CNF)) via using the cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as the green multifunctional additives hybridized with ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The results show that PLA composite with 5 wt % loading of APP@CNF can pass the UL-94 V-0 rating, besides a high limited oxygen index of 27.5%, indicative of a significantly enhanced flame retardancy. Moreover, the 5 wt % of APP@CNF enables the impact strength (σi) of the PVA matrix to significantly improve from 7.63 to 11.8 kJ/m2 (increase by 54%), in addition to a high tensile strength of 50.3 MPa for the resultant flame-retardant PLA composite. The enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical strength performances are attributed to the improved dispersion of APP@CNF and its smaller phase size within the PLA matrix along with their synergistic effect between APP and CNF. This work opens up a facile innovative methodology for the design of high-performance ecofriendly flame retardants and their advanced polymeric composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weida Yin
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department
of Materials, College of Engineering, Zhejiang
A & F University, 666 Wusu Street, Linan District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fengzhu Lu
- Department
of Materials, College of Engineering, Zhejiang
A & F University, 666 Wusu Street, Linan District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Pingan Song
- Department
of Materials, College of Engineering, Zhejiang
A & F University, 666 Wusu Street, Linan District, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Center
for Future Materials, University of Southern
Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
| | - Jinfeng Dai
- Department
of Materials, College of Engineering, Zhejiang
A & F University, 666 Wusu Street, Linan District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Linghui Meng
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jiang T, Wang W, Yu D, Huang D, Wei N, Hu Y, Huang H. Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane rigid foams from polyether polyols with isosorbide as the bio-based starting agent. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
30
|
Shi X, Peng X, Zhu J, Lin G, Kuang T. Synthesis of DOPO-HQ-functionalized graphene oxide as a novel and efficient flame retardant and its application on polylactic acid: Thermal property, flame retardancy, and mechanical performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 524:267-278. [PMID: 29655146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of biodegradable polymer nanocomposites with improved flame retardancy has been an urgent task in practical because of the huge benefits of biodegradable polymers. In this work, 10-(2,5-dihydroxyl phenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-HQ)-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (FGO-HQ) was used as a novel and highly efficient flame retardant (FR) to improve the flame retardancy of polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites. Contributed by the bi-phase flame retardant action, including the physical barrier char in solid phase and the decreased flammable volatiles in gas phase, the resultant PLA/FGO-HQ nanocomposites presented excellent flame resistance at the loading of 6 wt% FR: UL-94 reached V-0 rating; peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased by 24.0% and 43.0%, respectively; smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke release (TSR) decreased by 46% and 83%, respectively. For further confirming its flame-resistance mechanism, thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy were employed. Results indicated that the incorporation of FGO-HQ can effectively reduce the evaporation of flammable gaseous product in gas phase through quenching free radicals. Meanwhile, graphitized carbons are formed in the residual char and PLA/FGO-HQ sample can achieve a good thermal stability in the combustion with phosphorus-containing compounds and aromatic structure in the solid phase. Furthermore, the tensile strength of PLA nanocomposites presented good mechanical properties with the addition of FR as well. These results suggested that the incorporation of FGO-HQ FR not only improve the flame retardancy and thermal stability of biodegradable polymer nanocomposites but also without sacrificing their mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiangfang Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guangyi Lin
- College of Electro Mechanical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Tairong Kuang
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jing J, Zhang Y, Tang X, Li X, Peng M, Fang Z. Combination of a bio-based polyphosphonate and modified graphene oxide toward superior flame retardant polylactic acid. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12224a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Superior flame retardant polylactic acid (PLA) composites were prepared using bio-based polyphosphonate (BPPT) and polyethyleneimine-modified graphene oxide (M-GO) to be used as a flame retardant, the total amount of which is only 3 wt%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jing
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Ningbo Institute of Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Ningbo Institute of Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Xinlei Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Institute of Polymer Composites
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Ningbo Institute of Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Mao Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Institute of Polymer Composites
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Ningbo Institute of Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guo Y, He S, Zuo X, Xue Y, Chen Z, Chang CC, Weil E, Rafailovich M. Incorporation of cellulose with adsorbed phosphates into poly (lactic acid) for enhanced mechanical and flame retardant properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Li S, Deng L, Xu C, Wu Q, Wang Z. Making a Supertough Flame-Retardant Polylactide Composite through Reactive Blending with Ethylene-Acrylic Ester-Glycidyl Methacrylate Terpolymer and Addition of Aluminum Hypophosphite. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1886-1895. [PMID: 31457549 PMCID: PMC6641001 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible and biodegradable polylactide (PLA) composites with supertough mechanical property and sufficient flame retardancy were fabricated by employing a facile approach involving reactive blending of PLA and ethylene-acrylic ester-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EGMA), with the addition of aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) as an effective flame retardant. In consideration of the balance between mechanical property and flame retardancy, the optimal formula was taking a PLA/EGMA 80/20 blend (supertough STPLA) as the matrix and adding 20 wt % of AHP (relative to the mass of STPLA) as the flame retardant, coded as STPLA/20AHP. The mechanical property test showed that for STPLA/20AHP the elongation at break was increased by about 22 times and the notched Izod impact strength was enhanced by approximately 11 times as compared to those for neat PLA. The flame-retardant property test showed that for STPLA/20AHP the limiting oxygen index value reached 26.6% and the UL-94 V0 rating test was passed. Thermogravimetric analysis, microscale combustion calorimetry, and cone calorimeter were further applied to reveal the thermal stability and combustion behaviors of STPLA/xAHP, respectively, where x indicated the mass content of AHP in percentage. The phase separation morphology, dispersion of AHP particles in STPLA matrix, and fracture surfaces and char residues after flame burning were examined by phase contrast optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, which helped comprehend the results obtained from the mechanical property and flame retardancy tests. The supertough STPLA/xAHP, with sufficient flame retardancy as prepared in this work, could have a potential for engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qianghua Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Guo Y, Chang CC, Halada G, Cuiffo MA, Xue Y, Zuo X, Pack S, Zhang L, He S, Weil E, Rafailovich MH. Engineering flame retardant biodegradable polymer nanocomposites and their application in 3D printing. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
36
|
Zhao W, Wang G, Liu J, Ban D, Cheng T, Liu X, Li Y, Huang Y. Synthesis, structure–property and flame retardancy relationships of polyphosphonamide and its application on epoxy resins. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of polyphosphonamides (PPDA) with heteroatoms and phosphonamide structures are proposed as highly effective flame retardants in epoxy resins (EP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Gong Wang
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jiping Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Daming Ban
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Guizhou Normal University
- Guiyang
- China
| | - Tianjin Cheng
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yongqing Huang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao
- China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jing J, Zhang Y, Tang X, Zhou Y, Li X, Kandola BK, Fang Z. Layer by layer deposition of polyethylenimine and bio-based polyphosphate on ammonium polyphosphate: A novel hybrid for simultaneously improving the flame retardancy and toughness of polylactic acid. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
38
|
Diphenolic acid based biphosphate on the properties of polylactic acid: Synthesis, fire behavior and flame retardant mechanism. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
39
|
Effect of N,N′-diallyl-phenylphosphoricdiamide on ease of ignition, thermal decomposition behavior and mechanical properties of poly (lactic acid). Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
40
|
Jing J, Zhang Y, Tang X, Fang Z. Synthesis of a highly efficient phosphorus-containing flame retardant utilizing plant-derived diphenolic acids and its application in polylactic acid. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06742e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient phosphorous-containing flame retardant for PLA is synthesized from plant-derived diphenolic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Institute of Polymer Composites
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Ningbo Institute of Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Xinlei Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Institute of Polymer Composites
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Institute of Polymer Composites
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cui C, Zhen Y, Qu J, Chen B, Tan T. Synthesis of biosafe isosorbide dicaprylate ester plasticizer by lipase in a solvent-free system and its sub-chronic toxicity in mice. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27537g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosafety isosorbide dicaprylate ester plasticizer was synthesized with bubbling dried air in solvent-free system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Cui
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Biology Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Yueju Zhen
- Shandong Jiqing Chemical Co., Ltd
- Shandong
- PR China
| | - Junge Qu
- Department of Biology and Pharmacy
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College
- 315100 Ningbo
- People's Republic of China
| | - Biqiang Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Biology Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess
- College of Biology Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hu W, Yu B, Jiang SD, Song L, Hu Y, Wang B. Hyper-branched polymer grafting graphene oxide as an effective flame retardant and smoke suppressant for polystyrene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:58-66. [PMID: 26151385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A well-defined functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) grafted by hyper-branched flame retardant based on N-aminoethyl piperazine and phosphonate derivative was synthesized to reduce flammability and toxicity of polystyrene (PS). The chemical structure, morphological and thermal properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Micro combustion calorimeter and steady state tube furnace were employed to evaluate the heat and non-heat fire hazards of PS nanocomposites. The incorporation of FGO into PS matrix effectively improved the flame retardancy and restrained the toxicity of the volatiles escaped, which is attributed to that the homogeneous dispersion of FGO in the PS matrix enhanced barrier effect that reduced peak heat release rate, total heat release and toxic gas release during combustion. Furthermore, PS-FGO nanocompsites obviously decreased the amount of flammable and toxic volatiles evolved, such as the aromatic compounds, carbonyl compounds, carbon monoxide, indicating suppressed fire hazards of the PS composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Shu-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, PR China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xi W, Qian L, Qiu Y, Chen Y. Flame-retardant behavior of bi-group molecule derived from phosphaphenanthrene and triazine groups on polylactic acid. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Lijun Qian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Technology and Business University; Beijing 100048 China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jiang P, Gu X, Zhang S, Sun J, Xu R, Bourbigot S, Duquesne S, Casetta M. Flammability and thermal degradation of poly (lactic acid)/polycarbonate alloys containing a phosphazene derivative and trisilanollsobutyl POSS. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
45
|
Liao F, Ju Y, Dai X, Cao Y, Li J, Wang X. A novel efficient polymeric flame retardant for poly (lactic acid) (PLA): Synthesis and its effects on flame retardancy and crystallization of PLA. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
46
|
Synthesis of a novel PEPA-substituted polyphosphoramide with high char residues and its performance as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
47
|
Qiu S, Hu W, Yu B, Yuan B, Zhu Y, Jiang S, Wang B, Song L, Hu Y. Effect of Functionalized Graphene Oxide with Organophosphorus Oligomer on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties and Fire Safety of Polystyrene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie504511f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuilai Qiu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced
Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Bihe Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced
Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yulu Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Saihua Jiang
- School
of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, P. R. China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lei Song
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Suzhou
Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced
Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jiang P, Gu X, Zhang S, Wu S, Zhao Q, Hu Z. Synthesis, Characterization, and Utilization of a Novel Phosphorus/Nitrogen-Containing Flame Retardant. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ie505021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer (Ministry of Education) and ‡Fire Safety Material Laboratory, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer (Ministry of Education) and ‡Fire Safety Material Laboratory, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer (Ministry of Education) and ‡Fire Safety Material Laboratory, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shende Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer (Ministry of Education) and ‡Fire Safety Material Laboratory, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer (Ministry of Education) and ‡Fire Safety Material Laboratory, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhongwu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer (Ministry of Education) and ‡Fire Safety Material Laboratory, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bo C, Hu L, Jia P, Liang B, Zhou J, Zhou Y. Structure and thermal properties of phosphorus-containing polyol synthesized from cardanol. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20749e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
P-Containing cardanol polyol (PCP), a novel cardanol derivative, was synthesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiying Bo
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Lihong Hu
- Institute of New Technology of Forestry
- CAF
- Beijing 100091
- China
| | - Puyou Jia
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Bingchuang Liang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhao W, Liu J, Zhang Y, Ban D. Simple green synthesis of solid polymeric bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) and its flame retardancy in epoxy resins. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06762f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and green method for the preparation of solid polymeric bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (PBDP), aimed at improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resins (EP) is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jiping Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Daming Ban
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|