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Shu M, Tan P, Ge Y, Tian X, Xu H. Immunotoxicity of ionic liquid [C 14mim]BF 4 in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3846-3855. [PMID: 38546349 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquid tetrafluoroborated-1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazole salt ([C14mim]BF4) immunotoxicity was investigated in rats using three exposure groups (12.5, 25, and 50 mg kg-1), one recovery group (50 mg kg-1), and a control group without any treatment. The findings demonstrated that, at low doses, [C14mim]BF4 could raise WBC, NEU, and MID and lysozyme levels as well as spleen T-lymphocyte stimulation index in rats, however at high doses, the aforementioned indices were dramatically lowered. As the dose was raised, the proportion of RBC and PLT in the blood as well as CD4+ and CD8+ in the spleen increased, but the quantity of immunoglobulin IgG, IgA, and IgM in the serum as well as the number of NK cells in the spleen considerably dropped. Even though there were varying degrees of improvement 30 days after ceasing exposure, all these changes were unable to return to normal, and the number of NK cells was further decreased. The study demonstrates that [C14mim]BF4 can damage the specific immunity and non-specific immunity of rats, and cause immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Shu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Pengzhen Tan
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yueyue Ge
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xingxing Tian
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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2
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Marimuthu T, Sidat Z, Kumar P, Choonara YE. An Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid as a Model to Study Plasticization Effects on Cationic Polymethacrylate Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051239. [PMID: 36904480 PMCID: PMC10006978 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been touted as effective and environmentally friendly agents, which has driven their application in the biomedical field. The study compares the effectiveness of an IL agent, 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([HMIM]Cl), to current industry standards for plasticizing a methacrylate polymer. Industrial standards glycerol, dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and the combination of [HMIM]Cl with a standard plasticizer was also evaluated. Plasticized samples were evaluated for stress-strain, long-term degradation, thermophysical characterizations, and molecular vibrational changes within the structure, and molecular mechanics simulations were performed. Physico-mechanical studies showed that [HMIM]Cl was a comparatively good plasticizer than current standards reaching effectiveness at 20-30% w/w, whereas plasticizing of standards such as glycerol was still inferior to [HMIM]Cl even at concentrations up to 50% w/w. Degradation studies show HMIM-polymer combinations remained plasticized for longer than other test samples, >14 days, compared to glycerol <5 days, while remaining more pliable. The combination of [HMIM]Cl-DOP was effective at concentrations >30% w/w, demonstrating remarkable plasticizing capability and long-term stability. ILs used as singular agents or in tandem with other standards provided equivalent or better plasticizing activity than the comparative free standards.
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3
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Babamale HF, Khor BK, Chear NJY, Yam WS. Safe and selective anticancer agents from tetrafluorinated azobenzene-imidazolium ionic liquids: Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic effects. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200085. [PMID: 35478416 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new series of tetrafluorinated azobenzene-imidazolium salts is reported. The azobenzene and imidazolium moieties were functionalized with long alkyl chains and connected via a methylene spacer of varying lengths (n = 3-12). They were characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and elemental microanalysis. The cytotoxic potential of these ionic dimers against neuroblastoma (SHSY-5Y), estrogen-positive breast cancer cells (MCF-7), triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and human skin fibroblasts (Hs27) was evaluated using the MTT assay. The cytotoxicity of these ionic liquids (ILs) was dependent on the spacer length. A cut-off effect was observed, wherein the cytotoxicity of the ILs was enhanced by increasing the nonpolar, hydrophobic spacer length up to a threshold and the potency was leveled off upon chain elongation. All ILs exhibited selective and remarkable inhibition potentials against HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was 2-22 times stronger than that of etoposide, a clinical anticancer drug. These ILs were less toxic toward skin fibroblasts as implied by much higher IC50 values. The long-spacer ILs (n = 7-10) were very selective toward HeLa cells. They had a broad safety window with selectivity indices ranging between 5.6 and 11.0. The selectivity of these compounds toward HeLa cells may serve as a new strategy for the design and development of safe and effective chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halimah F Babamale
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia.,Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Keat Khor
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | | | - Wan Sinn Yam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
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4
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Rehman AU, Zaini DB, Lal B. Predictive ecotoxicological modeling of ionic liquids using QSAR techniques: A mini review. PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prs.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adeel ur Rehman
- Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
| | - Dzulkarnain B. Zaini
- Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
| | - Bhajan Lal
- Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
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5
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Abramenko N, Kustov L, Metelytsia L, Kovalishyn V, Tetko I, Peijnenburg W. A review of recent advances towards the development of QSAR models for toxicity assessment of ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121429. [PMID: 31732345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Abramenko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Russia; N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Kustov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Leninsky prospect 47, 119991, Russia; National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninsky prosp. 4, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larysa Metelytsia
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kovalishyn
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Tetko
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Structural Biology, BIGCHEM GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, b. 60w, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Willie Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for Safety of Substances and Products, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
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6
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Gundolf T, Rauch B, Kalb R, Rossmanith P, Mester P. Influence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide modifications on the efficacy of antimicrobial ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Neidhardt MM, Schmitt K, Baro A, Schneider C, Bilitewski U, Laschat S. Self-assembly and biological activities of ionic liquid crystals derived from aromatic amino acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20371-20381. [PMID: 30043016 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of amino acid-derived ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) into lamellar or micellar-like aggregates suggests that they might interact with biological membranes. To get some insight, guanidinium chlorides derived from the natural l-amino acids phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) were synthesized and their mesomorphic properties were investigated via polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (SAXS, WAXS). Mesophase types depended on the number of alkoxy side chains. Phe- and Tyr-based ILCs with one and two side chains, respectively, self-assembled into smectic A bilayers (SmA2), while Dopa-derived ILCs with three side chains formed columnar (Colh) mesophases. The mesophase ranges for Phe ILCs increased steadily with side chain length, for Tyr- and Dopa-based ILCs, however, size matching effects were observed. To clarify whether the mesomorphic behaviour has an impact on biological properties, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of the ILCs were studied. Phe and Tyr ILCs exhibited much higher cytotoxicities (against the L-929 mouse fibroblast cell line) and/or antibacterial activities (against Staphylococcus aureus) than Dopa ILCs, which were mostly inactive. Furthermore, within each series, the side chain length largely influenced the biological activity. Thus, the bulk mesophase behaviour appeared to correlate with the biological properties, in particular, the interactions with membranes, as shown by measuring the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in human monocytic U937 cells after treatment with the amino acid-based ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel M Neidhardt
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart D-70569, Germany.
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8
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Gravel J, Schmitzer AR. Imidazolium and benzimidazolium-containing compounds: from simple toxic salts to highly bioactive drugs. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:1051-1071. [PMID: 28045182 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02293f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of simple imidazolium and benzimidazolium salts started to be more and more investigated in the last few years and was taken in consideration in the context of microorganisms, plants and more evolved organisms' exposure. However, the toxicity of these salts can be exploited in the development of different biological applications by incorporating them in the structure of compounds that specifically target microorganisms and cancer cells. We highlight in this minireview the way researchers became aware of the inherent problem of the stability and bioaccumulation of imidazolium and benzimidazolium salts and how they found inspiration to exploit their toxicity by incorporating them into new highly potent drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gravel
- Département de Chimie- Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit CP 6128 Succursalle Centre Ville Montréal Québec, Canada H3C 3J7.
| | - A R Schmitzer
- Département de Chimie- Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit CP 6128 Succursalle Centre Ville Montréal Québec, Canada H3C 3J7.
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Virucidal or Not Virucidal? That Is the Question-Predictability of Ionic Liquid's Virucidal Potential in Biological Test Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29522483 PMCID: PMC5877651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For three decades now, ionic liquids (ILs), organic salts comprising only ions, have emerged as a new class of pharmaceuticals. Although recognition of the antimicrobial effects of ILs is growing rapidly, there is almost nothing known about their possible virucidal activities. This probably reflects the paucity of understanding virus inactivation. In this study, we performed a systematic analysis to determine the effect of specific structural motifs of ILs on three different biological test systems (viruses, bacteria and enzymes). Overall, the effects of 27 different ILs on two non-enveloped and one enveloped virus (P100, MS2 and Phi6), two Gram negative and one Gram positive bacteria (E. coli, P. syringae and L. monocytogenes) and one enzyme (Taq DNA polymerase) were investigated. Results show that while some ILs were virucidal, no clear structure activity relationships (SARs) could be identified for the non-enveloped viruses P100 and MS2. However, for the first time, a correlation has been demonstrated between the effects of ILs on enveloped viruses, bacteria and enzyme inhibition. These identified SARs serve as a sound starting point for further studies.
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Paternò A, Goracci L, Scire S, Musumarra G. Modeling from Theory and Modeling from Data: Complementary or Alternative Approaches? The Case of Ionic Liquids. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:90-101. [PMID: 28168154 PMCID: PMC5288763 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of ionic liquids (ILs), theory-driven modeling approaches aimed at the best fit for all available data by using a unique, and often nonlinear, model have been widely adopted to develop quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models. In this context, we propose chemoinformatic and chemometric data-driven procedures that lead to QSPR soft models with local validity that are able to predict relevant physicochemical properties of ILs, such as viscosity, density, decomposition temperature, and conductivity. These models, which use readily available and easily interpretable VolSurf+ descriptors, represent an unexploited opportunity for experimentalists to model and predict the physicochemical properties of ILs in industrial R&D design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paternò
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di CataniaViale A. Doria 695125CataniaItaly
| | - Laura Goracci
- Laboratorio di Chemiometria e ChemioinformaticaDipartimento di ChimicaUniversità di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto 1006123PerugiaItaly
| | - Salvatore Scire
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di CataniaViale A. Doria 695125CataniaItaly
| | - Giuseppe Musumarra
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità di CataniaViale A. Doria 695125CataniaItaly
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11
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Egorova KS, Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Biological Activity of Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Pharmaceutics and Medicine. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7132-7189. [PMID: 28125212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 902] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are remarkable chemical compounds, which find applications in many areas of modern science. Because of their highly tunable nature and exceptional properties, ionic liquids have become essential players in the fields of synthesis and catalysis, extraction, electrochemistry, analytics, biotechnology, etc. Apart from physical and chemical features of ionic liquids, their high biological activity has been attracting significant attention from biochemists, ecologists, and medical scientists. This Review is dedicated to biological activities of ionic liquids, with a special emphasis on their potential employment in pharmaceutics and medicine. The accumulated data on the biological activity of ionic liquids, including their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, are discussed in view of possible applications in drug synthesis and drug delivery systems. Dedicated attention is given to a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient-ionic liquid (API-IL) concept, which suggests using traditional drugs in the form of ionic liquid species. The main aim of this Review is to attract a broad audience of chemical, biological, and medical scientists to study advantages of ionic liquid pharmaceutics. Overall, the discussed data highlight the importance of the research direction defined as "Ioliomics", studies of ions in liquids in modern chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Egorova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University , Stary Petergof 198504, Russia
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Paterno' A, Scire S, Musumarra G. A QSPR approach to the ecotoxicity of ionic liquids ( Vibrio fischeri) using VolSurf principal properties. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1090-1096. [PMID: 30090414 PMCID: PMC6062259 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently derived in silico structural descriptors for both IL cations and anions allowed the development of a QSPR model correlating ionic liquid structures to Vibrio fischeri toxicity using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. Interpretation of the PLS model confirmed the effect of IL cationic structural features such as the influence of cation side chain length, presence of heteroatoms, and non-aromaticity of the heterocyclic scaffold on toxicity. The PLS model also provided a quantitative evaluation of anion effects, previously not evidenced due to the structural similarity of the anions considered. A simple equation in which three descriptors (two for the cations and one for the anions) allow the prediction of Vibrio fischeri toxicity for over 8000 ILs is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paterno'
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6 , I-95125 Catania , Italy .
| | - Salvatore Scire
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6 , I-95125 Catania , Italy .
| | - Giuseppe Musumarra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Viale A. Doria 6 , I-95125 Catania , Italy .
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13
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Paternò A, Bocci G, Cruciani G, Fortuna CG, Goracci L, Sciré S, Musumarra G. Cyto- and enzyme toxicities of ionic liquids modelled on the basis of VolSurf+ descriptors and their principal properties. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 27:221-244. [PMID: 30950653 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2016.1156571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Five in silico principal properties (PPs) for 218 heterocyclic cations and four PPs for 38 organic and inorganic anionic counterparts of ionic liquids (ILs) were derived by the VolSurf+ approach. VolSurf+ physicochemical descriptors take into account several cationic structural features of ILs such as heterocyclic aromatic and non-aromatic cationic cores, alkyl chain length, presence of oxygen atoms in the substituents as well as the properties of a wide variety of inorganic and organic anions. Combination of these cation and anion PPs can provide descriptors for over 8000 ILs, thus allowing the development of QSPR models for IL cytotoxicity (IPC-81 rat cell line) and enzyme toxicity (acetylcholinesterase inhibition). The adoption of a Partial Least Squares approach, relating PPs and toxicities, provided affordable predictions for ILs in both learning and external validation sets, implying the possibility to extend the predictive model to a set of 520 ILs. This allows us to establish priorities in selecting ILs for experimental hazard assessment as required by the REACH regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paternò
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - G Bocci
- b Laboratorio di Chemiometria e Chemioinformatica, Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Perugia , Italy
| | - G Cruciani
- b Laboratorio di Chemiometria e Chemioinformatica, Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Perugia , Italy
| | - C G Fortuna
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - L Goracci
- b Laboratorio di Chemiometria e Chemioinformatica, Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Perugia , Italy
| | - S Sciré
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - G Musumarra
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
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Lei T, Li Y, Song Y, Li D, Sun H, Hou T. ADMET evaluation in drug discovery: 15. Accurate prediction of rat oral acute toxicity using relevance vector machine and consensus modeling. J Cheminform 2016; 8:6. [PMID: 26839598 PMCID: PMC4736633 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-016-0117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Determination of acute toxicity, expressed as median lethal dose (LD50), is one of the most important steps in drug discovery pipeline. Because in vivo assays for oral acute toxicity in mammals are time-consuming and costly, there is thus an urgent need to develop in silico prediction models of oral acute toxicity.
Results In this study, based on a comprehensive data set containing 7314 diverse chemicals with rat oral LD50 values, relevance vector machine (RVM) technique was employed to build the regression models for the prediction of oral acute toxicity in rate, which were compared with those built using other six machine learning approaches, including k-nearest-neighbor regression, random forest (RF), support vector machine, local approximate Gaussian process, multilayer perceptron ensemble, and eXtreme gradient boosting. A subset of the original molecular descriptors and structural fingerprints (PubChem or SubFP) was chosen by the Chi squared statistics. The prediction capabilities of individual QSAR models, measured by qext2 for the test set containing 2376 molecules, ranged from 0.572 to 0.659. Conclusion Considering the overall prediction accuracy for the test set, RVM with Laplacian kernel and RF were recommended to build in silico models with better predictivity for rat oral acute toxicity. By combining the predictions from individual models, four consensus models were developed, yielding better prediction capabilities for the test set (qext2 = 0.669–0.689). Finally, some essential descriptors and substructures relevant to oral acute toxicity were identified and analyzed, and they may be served as property or substructure alerts to avoid toxicity. We believe that the best consensus model with high prediction accuracy can be used as a reliable virtual screening tool to filter out compounds with high rat oral acute toxicity.
Workflow of combinatorial QSAR modelling to predict rat oral acute toxicity ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailong Lei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People's Republic of China ; State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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15
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Paternò A, Bocci G, Goracci L, Musumarra G, Scirè S. Modelling the aquatic toxicity of ionic liquids by means of VolSurf in silico descriptors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 27:1-15. [PMID: 26727707 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2015.1120778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
VolSurf+ in silico physicochemical descriptors for both the cationic and the anionic counterparts of ionic liquids (ILs) have been derived. These descriptors, suitable for molecular modelling of IL structures which, due to their amphiphilic nature, interact strongly with biological matrices, can be related to aquatic toxicity by means of a partial least squares statistical model. This model gives an insight into the relationships between structural physicochemical properties and aquatic toxicity as well as a satisfactory quantitative structure-property correlation, allowing prediction of aquatic toxicity scores of ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paternò
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - G Bocci
- b Laboratorio di Chemiometria e Chemioinformatica, Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - L Goracci
- b Laboratorio di Chemiometria e Chemioinformatica, Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - G Musumarra
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - S Scirè
- a Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Catania , Catania , Italy
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Baharuddin SH, Mustahil NA, Abdullah AA, Sivapragasam M, Moniruzzaman M. Ecotoxicity Study of Amino Acid Ionic Liquids Towards Danio Rerio Fish: Effect of Cations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Paternò A, Fiorenza R, Marullo S, Musumarra G, Scirè S. Prediction of ionic liquid's heat capacity by means of their in silico principal properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05106e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
VolSurf+ in silico principal properties of ionic liquids were used to develop a QSPR model providing affordable heat capacity predictions which were experimentally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Paternò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Roberto Fiorenza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Musumarra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
| | - Salvatore Scirè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
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Das RN, Roy K, Popelier PLA. Exploring simple, transparent, interpretable and predictive QSAR models for classification and quantitative prediction of rat toxicity of ionic liquids using OECD recommended guidelines. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:163-173. [PMID: 26117201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores the chemical attributes of diverse ionic liquids responsible for their cytotoxicity in a rat leukemia cell line (IPC-81) by developing predictive classification as well as regression-based mathematical models. Simple and interpretable descriptors derived from a two-dimensional representation of the chemical structures along with quantum topological molecular similarity indices have been used for model development, employing unambiguous modeling strategies that strictly obey the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. The structure-toxicity relationships that emerged from both classification and regression-based models were in accordance with the findings of some previous studies. The models suggested that the cytotoxicity of ionic liquids is dependent on the cationic surfactant action, long alkyl side chains, cationic lipophilicity as well as aromaticity, the presence of a dialkylamino substituent at the 4-position of the pyridinium nucleus and a bulky anionic moiety. The models have been transparently presented in the form of equations, thus allowing their easy transferability in accordance with the OECD guidelines. The models have also been subjected to rigorous validation tests proving their predictive potential and can hence be used for designing novel and "greener" ionic liquids. The major strength of the present study lies in the use of a diverse and large dataset, use of simple reproducible descriptors and compliance with the OECD norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Narayan Das
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul L A Popelier
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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Zhou Y, Wu D, Cai P, Cheng G, Huang C, Pan Y. Special Effect of Ionic Liquids on the Extraction of Flavonoid Glycosides from Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat by Microwave Assistance. Molecules 2015; 20:7683-99. [PMID: 25927899 PMCID: PMC6272765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A microwave-assisted extraction approach based on ionic liquids of different chain lengths was successfully applied to the extraction of ten flavonoid glycosides from the flowering heads of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. The pretreated sample was quantified by HPLC-ESI-MSn. The main components were identified as flavonoid glycosides, including three luteolin glycosides, three apigenin glycosides, three kaempferide glycosides, and one acacetin glycoside according to the characteristics of the corresponding CID mass spectrometric patterns. Eight ionic liquids from the imidazolium family with different chain lengths, namely, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [Cnmim]Br, (n = 2–16) were studied as extraction medium in water. Results indicated that alkyl chain length had an irregular impact on the extraction efficiency. Moreover, the best extraction efficiency was achieved by 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide aqueous solution ([C12mim]Br). Besides the alkyl chain length of the cations, other factors influencing extraction efficiency were systematically investigated, including concentration of the IL solutions, extraction time, matrix-to-solvent ratio and irradiation power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Datong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guifang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chaobiao Huang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China.
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