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Sarker P, Su X, Rojas OJ, Khan SA. Colloidal interactions between nanochitin and surfactants: Connecting micro- and macroscopic properties by isothermal titration calorimetry and rheology. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122341. [PMID: 38876727 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
This study elucidates the intricate interactions between chitin nanocrystals (ChNC) and surfactants of same hydrophobic tail (C12) but different head groups types (anionic, cationic, nonionic): sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), and polyoxyethylene(23)lauryl ether (Brij-35). Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) and rheology are used to study the complex ChNC-surfactant interactions in aqueous media, affected by adsorption, self-assembly and micellization. The ITC results demonstrate that the surfactant head group significantly influences the dynamics and nature of the involved phenomena. Cationic DTAB's reveal minimal interaction with ChNC, non-ionic Brij-25's interact moderately at low concentrations driven by hydrophobic effects while SDS's interacts strongly and show complex interaction patterns that fall across four distinct regimes with SDS addition. We attribute such behavior to initiate through electrostatic attraction and terminate in surfactant micelle formation on ChNC surfaces. ITC also elucidates the impact of ChNC concentration on key parameters including critical aggregation concentration (CAC) and saturation concentration (C2). Dynamic rheological analysis indicates the molecular interactions translate to non-linear variations in the elastic modulus (G') upon SDS addition mirroring that observed in ITC experiments. Such a direct correlation between molecular interactions and macroscopic rheological properties provides insights to aid in the creation of nanocomposites with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prottasha Sarker
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Xiaoya Su
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Saad A Khan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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2
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Sabadini JB, Oliveira CLP, Loh W. Assessing the Structure and Equilibrium Conditions of Complex Coacervate Core Micelles by Varying Their Shell Composition and Medium Ionic Strength. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2015-2027. [PMID: 38240211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Complex coacervates result from an associative phase separation commonly involving oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. When this associative interaction occurs between charged-neutral diblock copolymers and oppositely charged homopolymers, a nanometric aggregate called a complex coacervate core micelle, C3M, is formed. Recent studies have addressed the issue of their thermodynamic or kinetic stability but without a clear consensus. To further investigate this issue, we have studied C3Ms formed by the combination of poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and copolymer poly(acrylamide)-b-poly(acrylate) using different preparation protocols. Dynamic light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements suggest that these structures are in an equilibrium condition because the aggregates do not vary with different preparation protocols or upon aging. In addition, their stability and structures are critically dependent on several parameters such as the density of neutral blocks in their shell and the ionic strength of the medium. Decreasing the amount of copolymer in the system and, hence, the density of neutral blocks in the shell results in an increase in the aggregate size because of the core growth, although their globular shape is retained. On the other hand, larger clusters of micelles were formed at higher ionic strengths. Partially replacing 77% of the copolymer with a homopolymer of the same charge or increasing the ionic strength of the system (above 100 mmol L-1 NaCl) leads to a metastable state, after which phase separation is eventually observed. SAXS analyses reveal that this phase separation above a certain salt concentration occurs due to the coagulation of individual micelles that seem to retain their individual globular structures. Overall, these results confirm earlier claims that equilibrium C3Ms are achieved close to 1:1 charge stoichiometry but also reveal that these conditions may vary at different shell densities or higher ionic strengths, which constitute vital information for envisioning future applications of C3Ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Bonesso Sabadini
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Watson Loh
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Chowdhury A, Borgia A, Ghosh S, Sottini A, Mitra S, Eapen RS, Borgia MB, Yang T, Galvanetto N, Ivanović MT, Łukijańczuk P, Zhu R, Nettels D, Kundagrami A, Schuler B. Driving forces of the complex formation between highly charged disordered proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304036120. [PMID: 37796987 PMCID: PMC10576128 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304036120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly disordered complexes between oppositely charged intrinsically disordered proteins present a new paradigm of biomolecular interactions. Here, we investigate the driving forces of such interactions for the example of the highly positively charged linker histone H1 and its highly negatively charged chaperone, prothymosin α (ProTα). Temperature-dependent single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiments and isothermal titration calorimetry reveal ProTα-H1 binding to be enthalpically unfavorable, and salt-dependent affinity measurements suggest counterion release entropy to be an important thermodynamic driving force. Using single-molecule FRET, we also identify ternary complexes between ProTα and H1 in addition to the heterodimer at equilibrium and show how they contribute to the thermodynamics observed in ensemble experiments. Finally, we explain the observed thermodynamics quantitatively with a mean-field polyelectrolyte theory that treats counterion release explicitly. ProTα-H1 complex formation resembles the interactions between synthetic polyelectrolytes, and the underlying principles are likely to be of broad relevance for interactions between charged biomolecules in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Borgia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
| | - Souradeep Ghosh
- Department of Physical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Andrea Sottini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
| | - Soumik Mitra
- Department of Physical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Rohan S. Eapen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
| | | | - Tianjin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Galvanetto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
| | - Miloš T. Ivanović
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
| | - Paweł Łukijańczuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
| | - Ruijing Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Nettels
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
| | - Arindam Kundagrami
- Department of Physical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur741246, India
| | - Benjamin Schuler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Zurich8057, Switzerland
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4
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Ionic Strength Dependence of the Complex Coacervation between Lactoferrin and β-Lactoglobulin. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051040. [PMID: 36900563 PMCID: PMC10001252 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heteroprotein complex coacervation is an assembly formed by oppositely charged proteins in aqueous solution that leads to liquid-liquid phase separation. The ability of lactoferrin and β-lactoglobulin to form complex coacervates at pH 5.5 under optimal protein stoichiometry has been studied in a previous work. The goal of the current study is to determine the influence of ionic strength on the complex coacervation between these two proteins using direct mixing and desalting protocols. The initial interaction between lactoferrin and β-lactoglobulin and subsequent coacervation process were highly sensitive to the ionic strength. No microscopic phase separation was observed beyond a salt concentration of 20 mM. The coacervate yield decreased drastically with increasing added NaCl from 0 to 60 mM. The charge-screening effect induced by increasing the ionic strength is attributed to a decrease of interaction between the two oppositely charged proteins throughout a decrease in Debye length. Interestingly, as shown by isothermal titration calorimetry, a small concentration of NaCl around 2.5 mM promoted the binding energy between the two proteins. These results shed new light on the electrostatically driven mechanism governing the complex coacervation in heteroprotein systems.
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Ma Y, Hudson SD, Salipante PF, Douglas JF, Prabhu VM. Applicability of the Generalized Stokes-Einstein Equation of Mode-Coupling Theory to Near-Critical Polyelectrolyte Complex Solutions. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:288-294. [PMID: 36762915 PMCID: PMC10015504 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We examine whether the mode-coupling theory of Kawasaki and Ferrell (KF) [Kawasaki, K. Kinetic Equations and Time Correlation Functions of Critical Fluctuations. Ann. Phys. 1970, 61 (1), 1-56; Ferrell, R. A. Decoupled-Mode Dynamical Scaling Theory of the Binary-Liquid Phase Transition. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1970, 24 (21), 1169-1172] can describe dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements of the dynamic structure factor of near-critical polyelectrolyte complex (PC) solutions that have been previously shown to exhibit a theoretically unanticipated lower critical solution temperature type phase behavior, i.e., phase separation upon heating, and a conventional pattern of static critical properties (low angle scattering intensity and static correlation, ξs) as a function of reduced temperature. Good qualitative accord is observed between our DLS measurements and the KF theory. In particular, we observe that the collective diffusion coefficient Dc of the PC solutions obeys the generalized Stokes-Einstein equation (GSE), Dc = kBT/6πηξs, where ξs is specified from our previous measurements and where η is measured by capillary rheometry under the same thermodynamic conditions as in our previous study of these solutions, allowing for a no-free-parameter test of the GSE. We also find that even the wavevector (q)-dependent collective diffusion coefficient Dc(q), measured by varying the scattering angle in the DLS measurements over a large range, is also well-described by the mean-field version of the KF theory. We find it remarkable that the KF theory provides such a robust description of collective diffusion in these complex charged polyelectrolyte blends under near-critical conditions given that charge fluctuations and association of the polymers might be expected to lead to physical complications that would invalidate the standard model of uncharged fluid mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchi Ma
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Steven D Hudson
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Paul F Salipante
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Vivek M Prabhu
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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6
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Akintola J, Digby ZA, Schlenoff JB. Polyelectrolyte Complexes as Desiccants: Thirsty Saloplastics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9962-9969. [PMID: 36749323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Desiccants or drying agents are used extensively to remove water from liquids and gases. Many organic reactions, from the laboratory to the industrial scale, are sensitive to even trace amounts of water. A new class of desiccants made from complexed polyelectrolytes, PECs, is described here, exploiting the affinity of charged polymer repeat units for water. The enthalpy of hydration of dry PECs was used for the first time as a quantitative measure of PEC water affinity. Several combinations of positive, Pol+, and negative, Pol-, polymers were used to prepare PECs. All of these displayed significant exothermic (favorable) enthalpies of hydration, measured at room temperature using solution calorimetry. A PEC made from poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and poly(styrene sulfonate) was extruded into convenient shapes. This PEC was used to dry three common solvents, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and toluene, representing a range of polarities. Added water was radiolabeled with tritium to provide accurate and sensitive detection of residual water after treatment. This PEC was almost as efficient as the comparison desiccants, molecular sieve 3A and calcium sulfate, after 3 days of static drying but could be regenerated at a lower temperature (120 °C) and shed far fewer dust particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Akintola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32308-4390, United States
| | - Zachary A Digby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32308-4390, United States
| | - Joseph B Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32308-4390, United States
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7
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Mitra S, Kundagrami A. Polyelectrolyte complexation of two oppositely charged symmetric polymers: A minimal theory. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:014904. [PMID: 36610965 DOI: 10.1063/5.0128904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interplay of Coulomb interaction energy, free ion entropy, and conformational elasticity is a fascinating aspect in polyelectrolytes (PEs). We develop a theory for complexation of two oppositely charged PEs, a process known to be the precursor to the formation of complex coacervates in PE solutions, to explore the underlying thermodynamics of complex formation, at low salts. The theory considers general degrees of solvent polarity and dielectricity within an implicit solvent model, incorporating a varying Coulomb strength. Explicit calculation of the free energy of complexation and its components indicates that the entropy of free counterions and salt ions and the Coulomb enthalpy of bound ion-pairs dictate the equilibrium of PE complexation. This helps decouple the self-consistent dependency of charge and size of the uncomplexed parts of the polyions, derive an analytical expression for charge, and evaluate the free energy components as functions of chain overlap. Complexation is observed to be driven by enthalpy gain at low Coulomb strengths, driven by entropy gain of released counterions but opposed by enthalpy loss due to reduction of ion-pairs at moderate Coulomb strengths, and progressively less favorable due to enthalpy loss at even higher Coulomb strengths. The total free energy of the system is found to decrease linearly with an overlap of chains. Thermodynamic predictions from our model are in good quantitative agreement with simulations in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Mitra
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Arindam Kundagrami
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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8
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Giona RM, Vitorazi L, Loh W. Assessing the Contribution of the Neutral Blocks in DNA/Block-Copolymer Polyplexes: Poly(acrylamide) vs. Poly(ethylene Oxide). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010398. [PMID: 36615592 PMCID: PMC9824764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of DNA with different block copolymers, namely poly (trimethylammonium chloride methacryloyoxy)ethyl)-block-poly(acrylamide), i.e., (PTEA)-b-(PAm), and poly (trimethylammonium chloride methacryloyoxy)ethyl)-block-poly(ethylene oxide), i.e., (PTEA)-b-(PEO), was studied. The nature of the cationic block was maintained fixed (PTEA), whereas the neutral blocks contained varying amounts of acrylamide or (ethylene oxide) units. According to results from isothermal titration microcalorimetry measurements, the copolymers interaction with DNA is endothermic with an enthalpy around 4.0 kJ mol−1 of charges for (PTEA)-b-(PAm) and 5.5 kJ mol−1 of charges for (PTEA)-b-(PEO). The hydrodynamic diameters of (PTEA)-b-(PEO)/DNA and (PTEA)-b-(PAm)/DNA polyplexes prepared by titration were around 200 nm at charge ratio (Z+/−) < 1. At Z+/− close and above 1, the (PTEA)50-b-(PAm)50/DNA and (PTEA)50-b-(PAm)200/DNA polyplexes precipitated. Interestingly, (PTEA)50-b-(PAm)1000/DNA polyplexes remained with a size of around 300 nm even after charge neutralization, probably due to the size of the neutral block. Conversely, for (PTEA)96-b-(PEO)100/DNA polyplexes, the size distribution was broad, indicating a more heterogeneous system. Polyplexes were also prepared by direct mixture at Z+/− of 2.0, and they displayed diameters around 120−150 nm, remaining stable for more than 10 days. Direct and reverse titration experiments showed that the order of addition affects both the size and charge of the resulting polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Mello Giona
- LaMaFI—Laboratório de Materiais e Fenômenos de Interface, Chemistry Department, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Medianeira, Curitiba 85884-000, Paraná (PR), Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo State (SP), Brazil
| | - Letícia Vitorazi
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo State (SP), Brazil
- Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos, EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda 27255-125, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Watson Loh
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo State (SP), Brazil
- Correspondence:
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9
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An Overview of Coacervates: The Special Disperse State of Amphiphilic and Polymeric Materials in Solution. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Individual amphiphiles, polymers, and colloidal dispersions influenced by temperature, pH, and environmental conditions or interactions between their oppositely charged pairs in solvent medium often produce solvent-rich and solvent-poor phases in the system. The solvent-poor denser phase found either on the top or the bottom of the system is called coacervate. Coacervates have immense applications in various technological fields. This review comprises a concise introduction, focusing on the types of coacervates, and the influence of different factors in their formation, structures, and stability. In addition, their physicochemical properties, thermodynamics of formation, and uses and multifarious applications are also concisely presented and discussed.
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10
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Zhang C, Wang W, Zhang P, Yang S. Thermodynamic analysis of hydrogen-bonded polymer complexation with isothermal titration calorimetry. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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11
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Ban E, Kim A. Coacervates: recent developments as nanostructure delivery platforms for therapeutic biomolecules. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122058. [PMID: 35905931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Coacervation is a liquid-liquid phase separation that can occur in solutions of macromolecules through self-assembly or electrostatic interactions. Recently, coacervates composed of biocompatible macromolecules have been actively investigated as nanostructure platforms to encapsulate and deliver biomolecules such as proteins, RNAs, and DNAs. One particular advantage of coacervates is that they are derived from aqueous solutions, unlike other nanoparticle delivery systems that often require organic solvents. In addition, coacervates achieve high loading while maintaining the viability of the cargo material. Here, we review recent developments in the applications of coacervates and their limitations in the delivery of therapeutic biomolecules. Important factors for coacervation include molecular structures of the polyelectrolytes, mixing ratio, the concentration of polyelectrolytes, and reaction conditions such as ionic strength, pH, and temperature. Various compositions of coacervates have been shown to deliver biomolecules in vitro and in vivo with encouraging activities. However, major hurdles remain for the systemic route of administration other than topical or local delivery. The scale-up of manufacturing methods suitable for preclinical and clinical evaluations remains to be addressed. We conclude with a few research directions to overcome current challenges, which may lead to successful translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Ban
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Aeri Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea.
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12
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Aquino Queirós MV, Loh W. How to Predict the Order of Phase Separation of Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Their Miscibility. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5362-5373. [PMID: 35819870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mixture of two oppositely charged polyelectrolyte solutions results in complexation that may lead to an associative phase separation, forming a highly concentrated phase in both polyelectrolytes in equilibrium with a dilute phase. In this work, we aim to investigate what controls the order of complexation when more polyelectrolytes of the same charge are present. For this, the effect of the addition of a third oppositely charged polyelectrolyte in a mixture of two polyelectrolytes with the same charge was studied. Our results show that, under certain conditions, the electrostatic complexation takes place selectively, where one polyanion (or polycation) phase separates first, followed by the other phase separation, with both complexes at their 1:1 charge stoichiometry. Infrared analyses of the phase-separated complexes confirmed that, in a mixture of polyanions, poly(styrenesulfonate) is complexed first, followed by poly(acrylate). For polycations, these analyses showed that poly(diallyldimethylammonium) is preferentially complexed over poly(allylamine). These results suggest that electrostatic complexation occurs following the sequence predicted as in an acid/base titration, where the acidic/basic strength of the involved polyions dictates which one is complexed first. In this respect, the order of complexation can be associated with the equivalence pH for each pair, which we propose can be used as a parameter to predict phase separation in polyelectrolyte mixtures. In addition, we have investigated the miscibility of these complex mixtures, confirming that multiphasic complexes are formed whenever the polyions display ionizable groups with different acid/basic strengths and that this can also be related to their equivalence pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Watson Loh
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Yuan H, Liu G. Polyelectrolyte Complexation When Considering the Counterion-Mediated Hydrogen Bonding. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8179-8186. [PMID: 35748635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated a pH-modulated complexation between two oppositely charged strong polyelectrolytes to demonstrate the effect of counterion-mediated hydrogen bonding (CMHB) on polyelectrolyte complexation. We have found that such a pH-modulated complexation cannot be understood without considering the CMHB. Thermodynamically, the effect of CMHB on the polyelectrolyte complexation is manifested by the alteration of both enthalpic and entropic contributions to the free energy change. The pH-dependent intrinsic ion-pairing and complex coacervation processes of the polyelectrolyte complexation can be understood when considering the CMHB. Our study demonstrates that both the extent of polyelectrolyte complex formation in bulk solutions and the formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers on surfaces are controlled by the pH-dependent intrinsic ion-pairing process. Furthermore, on the basis of the pH-dependent intrinsic ion pairing, the properties of the multilayers can be tuned by pH. This work provides a new strategy to control the polyelectrolyte complexation with counterions and will inspire new ideas for building advanced polyelectrolyte materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yuan
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China 230026
| | - Guangming Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China 230026
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Complexation in Aqueous Solution of a Hydrophobic Polyanion (PSSNa) Bearing Different Charge Densities with a Hydrophilic Polycation (PDADMAC). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122404. [PMID: 35745980 PMCID: PMC9229680 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work the electrostatic complexation of two strong polyelectrolytes (PEs) was studied, the hydrophilic and positively charged poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and the hydrophobic and negatively charged poly (styrene-co-sodium styrene sulfonate) (P(St-co-SSNa)), which was prepared at different sulfonation rates. The latter is known to adopt a pearl necklace conformation in solution for intermediate sulfonation rates, suggesting that a fraction of the P(St-co-SSNa) charges might be trapped in these hydrophobic domains; thus making them unavailable for complexation. The set of complementary techniques (DLS, zetametry, ITC, binding experiment with a cationic and metachromatic dye) used in this work highlighted that this was not the case and that all anionic charges of P(St-co-SSNa) were in fact available for complexation either with the polycationic PDADMAC or the monocationic o-toluidine blue dye. Only minor differences were observed between these techniques, consistently showing a complexation stoichiometry close to 1:1 at the charge equivalence for the different P(St-co-SSNa) compositions. A key result emphasizing that (i) the strength of the electrostatic interaction overcomes the hydrophobic effect responsible for pearl formation, and (ii) the efficiency of complexation does not depend significantly on differences in charge density between PDADMAC and P(St-co-SSNa), highlighting that PE chains can undergo conformational rearrangements favoring the juxtaposition of segments of opposite charge. Finally, these data have shown that the formation of colloidal PECs, such as PDADMAC and P(St-co-SSNa), occurs in two distinct steps with the formation of small primary complex particles (<50 nm) by pairing of opposite charges (exothermic step) followed by their aggregation within finite-size clusters (endothermic step). This observation is in agreement with the previously described mechanism of PEC particle formation from strongly interacting systems containing a hydrophobic PE.
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Parolini F, Tira R, Barracchia CG, Munari F, Capaldi S, D'Onofrio M, Assfalg M. Ubiquitination of Alzheimer's-related tau protein affects liquid-liquid phase separation in a site- and cofactor-dependent manner. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:173-181. [PMID: 35016968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The formation of biomolecular condensates has emerged as a crucial player both in neuronal physiology and neurodegeneration. Phase separation of the Alzheimer's related protein tau into liquid condensates is facilitated by polyanions and is regulated by post-translational modifications. Given the central role of ubiquitination in proteostasis regulation and signaling, we investigated the behavior of monoubiquitinated tau during formation of condensates. We ubiquitinated the lysine-rich, four-repeat domain of tau either unspecifically via enzymatic conjugation or in a position-specific manner by semisynthesis. Ubiquitin conjugation at specific sites weakened multivalent tau/RNA interactions and disfavored tau/heparin condensation. Yet, heterogeneous ubiquitination was tolerated during phase separation and stabilized droplets against aggregation-linked dissolution. Thus, we demonstrated that cofactor chemistry and site of modification affect the mesoscopic and molecular signatures of ubiquitinated tau condensates. Our findings suggest that ubiquitination could influence the physiological states and pathological transformations of tau in cellular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Tira
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Munari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Michael Assfalg
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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16
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Enthalpy profile of pH-induced flocculation and redispersion of polyacrylic acid-coated nanoparticles in protic ionic liquid, N,N-diethylethanolammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Digby ZA, Yang M, Lteif S, Schlenoff JB. Salt Resistance as a Measure of the Strength of Polyelectrolyte Complexation. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Digby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Sandrine Lteif
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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Ylitalo AS, Balzer C, Zhang P, Wang ZG. Electrostatic Correlations and Temperature-Dependent Dielectric Constant Can Model LCST in Polyelectrolyte Complex Coacervation. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Ylitalo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher Balzer
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Li H, Fauquignon M, Haddou M, Schatz C, Chapel JP. Interfacial Behavior of Solid- and Liquid-like Polyelectrolyte Complexes as a Function of Charge Stoichiometry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3848. [PMID: 34771403 PMCID: PMC8588307 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We systematically investigate in this work the surface activity of polyelectrolyte complex (PECs) suspensions as a function of the molar charge ratio Z (= [-]/[+]) from two model systems: the weakly and strongly interacting poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/poly (acrylic acid sodium salt) (PDADMAC/PANa) and poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/poly (sodium 4- styrenesulfonate) (PDADMAC/PSSNa) pairs, respectively. For both systems, the PEC surface tension decreases as the system approaches charge stoichiometry (Z = 1) whenever the complexation occurs in the presence of excess PDADMAC (Z < 1) or excess polyanion (Z > 1) consistent with an increased level of charge neutralization of PEs forming increasingly hydrophobic and neutral surface-active species. The behavior at stoichiometry (Z = 1) is also particularly informative about the physical nature of the complexes. The PDADMAC/PANa system undergoes a liquid-liquid phase transition through the formation of coacervate microdroplets in equilibrium with macroions remaining in solution. In the PDADMAC/PSSNa system, the surface tension of the supernatant was close to that of pure water, suggesting that the PSSNa-based complexes have completely sedimented, consistent with a complete liquid-solid phase separation of an out-of-equilibrium system. Besides, the high sensitivity of surface tension measurements, which can detect the presence of trace amounts of aggregates and other precursors in the supernatant, allows for very accurate determination of the exact charge stoichiometry of the complexes. Finally, the very low water/water interfacial tension that develops between the dilute phase and the denser coacervate phase in the PDADAMAC/PANa system was measured using the generalized Young-Laplace method to complete the full characterization of both systems. The overall study showed that simple surface tension measurements can be a very sensitive tool to characterize, discriminate, and better understand the formation mechanism of the different structures encountered during the formation of PECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France; (H.L.); (M.F.); (M.H.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Martin Fauquignon
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France; (H.L.); (M.F.); (M.H.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Marie Haddou
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France; (H.L.); (M.F.); (M.H.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Christophe Schatz
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Paul Chapel
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France; (H.L.); (M.F.); (M.H.)
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Mehan S, Herrmann L, Chapel JP, Jestin J, Berret JF, Cousin F. The desalting/salting pathway: a route to form metastable aggregates with tuneable morphologies and lifetimes. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8496-8505. [PMID: 34474458 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00260k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the formation/re-dissociation mechanisms of hybrid complexes made from negatively charged PAA2k coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NP) and positively charged polycations (PDADMAC) in aqueous solution in the regime of very high ionic strength (I). When the building blocks are mixed at large ionic strength (1 M NH4Cl), the electrostatic interaction is screened and complexation does not occur. If the ionic strength is then lowered down to a targeted ionic strength Itarget, there is a critical threshold Ic = 0.62 M at which complexation occurs, that is independent of the charge ratio Z and the pathway used to reduce salinity (drop-by-drop mixing or fast mixing). If salt is added back up to 1 M, the transition is not reversible and persistent out-of-equilibrium aggregates are formed. The lifetimes of such aggregates depends on Itarget: the closer Itarget to Ic is, the more difficult it is to dissolve the aggregates. Such peculiar behavior is driven by the inner structure of the complexes that are formed after desalting. When Itarget is far below Ic, strong electrostatic interactions induce the formation of dense, compact and frozen aggregates. Such aggregates can only poorly reorganize further on with time, which makes their dissolution upon resalting almost reversible. Conversely, when Itarget is close to Ic more open aggregates are formed due to weaker electrostatic interactions upon desalting. The system can thus rearrange with time to lower its free energy and reach more stable out-of-equilibrium states which are very difficult to dissociate back upon resalting, even at very high ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mehan
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Laure Herrmann
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Matière et systèmes complexes, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Chapel
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jacques Jestin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
| | | | - Fabrice Cousin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
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21
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Chen Y, Yang M, Shaheen SA, Schlenoff JB. Influence of Nonstoichiometry on the Viscoelastic Properties of a Polyelectrolyte Complex. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306, Florida, United States
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306, Florida, United States
| | - Samir Abou Shaheen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306, Florida, United States
| | - Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306, Florida, United States
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22
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Zhang H, Zhang JB, Meng QB, Guo W, Yang M, Wu S, Wu Q, Liu D, Song XM. Nanosheets of copolymerized ionic liquid-based polyelectrolyte complexes regulated at oil–water interface and their emulsification capability. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Li L, Rumyantsev AM, Srivastava S, Meng S, de Pablo JJ, Tirrell MV. Effect of Solvent Quality on the Phase Behavior of Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Artem M. Rumyantsev
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Siqi Meng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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24
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Blocher McTigue WC, Voke E, Chang LW, Perry SL. The benefit of poor mixing: kinetics of coacervation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20643-20657. [PMID: 32895678 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03224g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Complex coacervation has become a prominent area of research in the fields of food science, personal care, drug stabilization, and more. However, little has been reported on the kinetics of assembly of coacervation itself. Here, we describe a simple, low-cost way of looking at the kinetics of coacervation by creating poorly mixed samples. In particular, we examine how polymer chain length, the patterning and symmetry of charges on the oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, and the presence of salt and a zwitterionic buffer affect the kinetics of complex coacervation. Our results suggest an interesting relationship between the time for equilibration and the order of addition of polymers with asymmetric patterns of charge. Furthermore, we demonstrated that increasing polymer chain length resulted in a non-monotonic trend in the sample equilibration times as a result of opposing factors such as excluded volume and diffusion. We also observed differences in the rate of sample equilibration based on the presence of a neutral, zwitterionic buffer, as well as the presence and identity of added salt, consistent with previous reports of salt-specific effects on the rheology of complex coacervates. While not a replacement for more advanced characterization strategies, this turbidity-based method could serve as a screening tool to identify interesting and unique phenomena for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Voke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.
| | - Li-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.
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25
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Li L, Srivastava S, Meng S, Ting JM, Tirrell MV. Effects of Non-Electrostatic Intermolecular Interactions on the Phase Behavior of pH-Sensitive Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Siqi Meng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Ting
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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26
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Yang M, Digby ZA, Schlenoff JB. Precision Doping of Polyelectrolyte Complexes: Insight on the Role of Ions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Zachary A. Digby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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27
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Hollingsworth WR, Williams V, Ayzner AL. Semiconducting Eggs and Ladders: Understanding Exciton Landscape Formation in Aqueous π-Conjugated Inter-Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William R. Hollingsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Vanessa Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alexander L. Ayzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Sing CE, Perry SL. Recent progress in the science of complex coacervation. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2885-2914. [PMID: 32134099 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex coacervation is an associative, liquid-liquid phase separation that can occur in solutions of oppositely-charged macromolecular species, such as proteins, polymers, and colloids. This process results in a coacervate phase, which is a dense mix of the oppositely-charged components, and a supernatant phase, which is primarily devoid of these same species. First observed almost a century ago, coacervates have since found relevance in a wide range of applications; they are used in personal care and food products, cutting edge biotechnology, and as a motif for materials design and self-assembly. There has recently been a renaissance in our understanding of this important class of material phenomena, bringing the science of coacervation to the forefront of polymer and colloid science, biophysics, and industrial materials design. In this review, we describe the emergence of a number of these new research directions, specifically in the context of polymer-polymer complex coacervates, which are inspired by a number of key physical and chemical insights and driven by a diverse range of experimental, theoretical, and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Sing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Dos Santos de Macedo B, de Almeida T, da Costa Cruz R, Netto ADP, da Silva L, Berret JF, Vitorazi L. Effect of pH on the Complex Coacervation and on the Formation of Layers of Sodium Alginate and PDADMAC. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2510-2523. [PMID: 32050754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the thermodynamic features of a system based on oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, sodium alginate, and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) at different pH values. Additionally, a comparison of the effects of the thermodynamic parameters on the growth of the layers based on the same polymers is presented. For this investigation, different techniques were combined to compare results from the association in solution and coassembled layers at the silicon surface. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were used for studies in solution, and the layer-by-layer technique was employed for the preparation of the polymer layers. Ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the layer thickness growth as a function of the solution pH, and interferometric confocal microscopy was employed to analyze the topography and roughness of the films. The titration of both polyelectrolytes in two different sequences of additions confirmed the mechanism; it involved a two-step process that was monitored by varying the enthalpy, as determined by ITC experiments, and the structural evolution of the aggregates into coacervates, according to DLS. The primary process is aggregation to form polyelectrolyte complexes having a smaller hydrodynamic diameter, which abruptly transit toward a secondary process because of the formation of coacervate particles that have a larger hydrodynamic diameter. Independent of pH and the sequence of addition, for the first process, both directions are entropically driven. However, the binding enthalpy (ΔHb) decreased with a decrease in the pH of the solution. The layers grown for the PDADMAC/sodium alginate system demonstrated pH sensitivity with either linear or exponential behavior, depending on the pH values of the polyelectrolyte solutions. The more endothermic process at pH 10 afforded layers with a smaller thickness and with linear growth according to the increase in the number of layers from 5 to 20. Decreases in the pH of the solution resulted in the layers growing exponentially; additionally, a decrease in the ΔHb of the association in the solution was observed. The layer thicknesses measured using ellipsometry and AFM data were in good agreement. Additionally, the influence of pH on the roughness and topography of the films was observed. Films from basic dipping solutions resulted in surfaces that were more homogeneous with less roughness; in contrast, films with more layers and those formed in a low-pH dipping solution were rougher and less homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Dos Santos de Macedo
- Laboratório de Quı́mica Analı́tica Fundamental e Aplicada, Instituto de Quı́mica - Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Tamiris de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Metalúrgica, EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda RJ CEP 27225-125, Brazil
| | | | - Annibal Duarte Pereira Netto
- Laboratório de Quı́mica Analı́tica Fundamental e Aplicada, Instituto de Quı́mica - Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Niterói, RJ CEP 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Ladário da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Metalúrgica, EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda RJ CEP 27225-125, Brazil
- Laboratório Multiusuários de Caracterização de Materiais, Instituto de Ciências Exatas - Universidade Federal Fluminense, R. Des. Ellis Hermydio Figueira, 783, Volta Redonda RJ CEP 27213-145, Brazil
| | - Jean-François Berret
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS Université Denis Diderot Paris-VII, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Letícia Vitorazi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Metalúrgica, EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenida dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda RJ CEP 27225-125, Brazil
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Krishnamoorthy GK, Alluvada P, Hameed Mohammed Sherieff S, Kwa T, Krishnamoorthy J. Isothermal titration calorimetry and surface plasmon resonance analysis using the dynamic approach. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 21:100712. [PMID: 31890903 PMCID: PMC6926116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical techniques such as isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) are routinely used to ascertain the global binding mechanisms of protein-protein or protein-ligand interaction. Recently, Dumas etal, have explicitly modelled the instrument response of the ligand dilution and analysed the ITC thermogram to obtain kinetic rate constants. Adopting a similar approach, we have integrated the dynamic instrument response with the binding mechanism to simulate the ITC profiles of equivalent and independent binding sites, equivalent and sequential binding sites and aggregating systems. The results were benchmarked against the standard commercial software Origin-ITC. Further, the experimental ITC chromatograms of 2′-CMP + RNASE and BH3I-1 + hBCLXL interactions were analysed and shown to be comparable with that of the conventional analysis. Dynamic approach was applied to simulate the SPR profiles of a two-state model, and could reproduce the experimental profile accurately. Incorporated instrument response within the kinetic framework using dynamic approach to analyse ITC and SPR data. Different modelling approaches for instrument response such as lumped and kinetic modelling were compared and their equivalence were shown. (1) equivalent single site, (2) equivalent sequential sites, (3) equivalent parallel sites and (4) aggregating molecular system were modelled using dynamic approach.
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Stounbjerg L, Andreasen B, Ipsen R. Microparticles formed by heating potato protein—polysaccharide electrostatic complexes. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Schlenoff JB, Yang M, Digby ZA, Wang Q. Ion Content of Polyelectrolyte Complex Coacervates and the Donnan Equilibrium. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Zachary A. Digby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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He Y, Wang S, Li J, Liang H, Wei X, Peng D, Jiang Z, Li B. Interaction between konjac glucomannan and tannic acid: Effect of molecular weight, pH and temperature. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Delas T, Mock-Joubert M, Faivre J, Hofmaier M, Sandre O, Dole F, Chapel JP, Crépet A, Trombotto S, Delair T, Schatz C. Effects of Chain Length of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Solution Properties and Complexation with siRNA. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1236. [PMID: 31349712 PMCID: PMC6723797 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of gene delivery, chitosan has been widely used as a safe and effective polycation to complex DNA, RNA and more recently, siRNA. However, much less attention has been paid to chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) despite their biological properties. This study proposed to carry out a physicochemical study of COS varying in degree of polymerization (DP) from 5 to 50, both from the point of view of the solution properties and the complexing behavior with siRNA. The main parameters studied as a function of DP were the apparent pKa, the solubility versus pH, the binding affinity with siRNA and the colloidal properties of complexes. Some parameters, like the pKa or the binding enthalpy with siRNA, showed a marked transition from DP 5 to DP 13, suggesting that electrostatic properties of COS vary considerably in this range of DP. The colloidal properties of siRNA/COS complexes were affected in a different way by the COS chain length. In particular, COS of relatively high DP (≥50) were required to form small complex particles with good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Delas
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Maxime Mock-Joubert
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jimmy Faivre
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mirjam Hofmaier
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Olivier Sandre
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - François Dole
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, Univ. Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jean Paul Chapel
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, Univ. Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Agnès Crépet
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Trombotto
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Thierry Delair
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), CNRS UMR 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Schatz
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629, 33600 Pessac, France.
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Souza CJF, Garcia-Rojas EE, Souza CSF, Vriesmann LC, Vicente J, de Carvalho MG, Petkowicz CLO, Favaro-Trindade CS. Immobilization of β-galactosidase by complexation: Effect of interaction on the properties of the enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 122:594-602. [PMID: 30404027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we aimed to explore the molecular binding between alginate and β-galactosidase, as well as the effect of this interaction on the activity retention, thermal stability, and kinetic properties of the enzyme. The impact of pH and enzyme/alginate ratio on physicochemical properties (turbidity, morphology, particle size distribution, ζ-potential, FTIR, and isothermal titration calorimetry) was also evaluated. The ratio of biopolymers and pH of the system directly affected the critical pH of complex formation; however, a low alginate concentration (0.1 wt%) could achieve an electrical charge equivalence at pH 3.4 with 93.72% of yield. The binding between β-galactosidase and alginate was an equilibrium between enthalpic and entropic contributions, which promoted changes in the structure of the enzyme. Nevertheless, this conformational modification was reversible after the dissociation of the complex, which allowed the enzyme to regain its activity. These findings will likely broaden functional applications of enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clitor J F Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CP 23, CEP 13535 900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Faculdade de Engenharia, Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, PO Box 533, 79804-970 Dourados, Brazil
| | - Edwin E Garcia-Rojas
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Tecnologia Agroindustrial (LETA), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda, RJ 27255-125, Brazil
| | - Clyselen S F Souza
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Tecnologia Agroindustrial (LETA), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Volta Redonda, RJ 27255-125, Brazil
| | - Lúcia C Vriesmann
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CP 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juarez Vicente
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (PPGCTA), Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Mario G de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PPGQ), Departamento de Química-ICE, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Carmen L O Petkowicz
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CP 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carmen S Favaro-Trindade
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CP 23, CEP 13535 900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zhao M, Zacharia NS. Protein encapsulation via polyelectrolyte complex coacervation: Protection against protein denaturation. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:163326. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Nicole S. Zacharia
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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38
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Schlenoff JB. Site-specific perspective on interactions in polyelectrolyte complexes: Toward quantitative understanding. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:163314. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5035567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
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39
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Wu H, Ting JM, Werba O, Meng S, Tirrell MV. Non-equilibrium phenomena and kinetic pathways in self-assembled polyelectrolyte complexes. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:163330. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5039621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 606439, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Ting
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 606439, USA
| | - Olivia Werba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Siqi Meng
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 606439, USA
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Nanoparticle-Lipid Interaction: Job Scattering Plots to Differentiate Vesicle Aggregation from Supported Lipid Bilayer Formation. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids2040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of nanomaterials on lung fluids, or on the plasma membrane of living cells, has prompted researchers to examine the interactions between nanoparticles and lipid vesicles. Recent studies have shown that nanoparticle-lipid interaction leads to a broad range of structures including supported lipid bilayers (SLB), particles adsorbed at the surface or internalized inside vesicles, and mixed aggregates. Currently, there is a need to have simple protocols that can readily evaluate the structures made from particles and vesicles. Here we apply the method of continuous variation for measuring Job scattering plots and provide analytical expressions for the scattering intensity in various scenarios. The result that emerges from the comparison between experiments and modeling is that electrostatics play a key role in the association, but it is not sufficient to induce the formation of supported lipid bilayers.
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41
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Highly disordered histone H1-DNA model complexes and their condensates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11964-11969. [PMID: 30301810 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805943115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Disordered proteins play an essential role in a wide variety of biological processes, and are often posttranslationally modified. One such protein is histone H1; its highly disordered C-terminal tail (CH1) condenses internucleosomal linker DNA in chromatin in a way that is still poorly understood. Moreover, CH1 is phosphorylated in a cell cycle-dependent manner that correlates with changes in the chromatin condensation level. Here we present a model system that recapitulates key aspects of the in vivo process, and also allows a detailed structural and biophysical analysis of the stages before and after condensation. CH1 remains disordered in the DNA-bound state, despite its nanomolar affinity. Phase-separated droplets (coacervates) form, containing higher-order assemblies of CH1/DNA complexes. Phosphorylation at three serine residues, spaced along the length of the tail, has little effect on the local properties of the condensate. However, it dramatically alters higher-order structure in the coacervate and reduces partitioning to the coacervate phase. These observations show that disordered proteins can bind tightly to DNA without a disorder-to-order transition. Importantly, they also provide mechanistic insights into how higher-order structures can be exquisitely sensitive to perturbation by posttranslational modifications, thus broadening the repertoire of mechanisms that might regulate chromatin and other macromolecular assemblies.
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Murmiliuk A, Matějíček P, Filippov SK, Janata M, Šlouf M, Pispas S, Štěpánek M. Formation of core/corona nanoparticles with interpolyelectrolyte complex cores in aqueous solution: insight into chain dynamics in the complex from fluorescence quenching. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7578-7585. [PMID: 30140809 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01174e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Formation of interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) bearing a fluorescent label (umbelliferone) at the chain end and poly[3,5-bis(trimethyl ammoniummethyl)-4-hydroxystyrene iodide]-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (QNPHOS-PEO) acting as a fluorescence quencher, was followed using a combination of scattering, calorimetry, microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. While scattering and microscopy measurements indicated formation of spherical core/corona nanoparticles with the core of the QNPHOS/PMAA complex and the PEO corona, fluorescence measurements showed that both static and dynamic quenching efficiency were increased in the nanoparticle stability region. As the dynamic quenching rate constant remained unchanged, the quenching enhancement was caused by the increase in the local concentration of QNPHOS segments in the microenvironment of the label. This finding implies that the local dynamics of PMAA end chains affecting the interaction of the label with QNPHOS segments was independent of both PMAA and QNPHOS chain conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Murmiliuk
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic.
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Khutoryanskiy VV, Smyslov RY, Yakimansky AV. Modern Methods for Studying Polymer Complexes in Aqueous and Organic Solutions. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x18050085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mousseau F, Berret JF. The role of surface charge in the interaction of nanoparticles with model pulmonary surfactants. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5764-5774. [PMID: 29989135 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00925b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled nanoparticles traveling through the airways are able to reach the respiratory zone of the lungs. In such an event, the incoming particles first come into contact with the liquid lining the alveolar epithelium, the pulmonary surfactant. The pulmonary surfactant is composed of lipids and proteins that are assembled into large vesicular structures. The question of the nature of the biophysicochemical interaction with the pulmonary surfactant is central to understand how the nanoparticles can cross the air-blood barrier. Here we explore the phase behavior of sub-100 nm particles and surfactant substitutes under controlled conditions. Three types of surfactant mimetics, including the exogenous substitute Curosurf®, a drug administered to infants with respiratory distress syndrome, are tested together with aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon dioxide (SiO2) and polymer (latex) nanoparticles. The main result here is the observation of spontaneous nanoparticle-vesicle aggregation induced by coulombic attraction. The role of the surface charges is clearly established. We also evaluate the supported lipid bilayer formation recently predicted and find that in the cases studied these structures do not occur. Pertaining to the aggregate internal structure, fluorescence microscopy shows that the vesicles and particles are intermixed at the nano- to microscale. With particles acting as stickers between vesicles, it is anticipated that the presence of inhaled nanomaterials in the alveolar spaces could significantly modify the interfacial and bulk properties of the pulmonary surfactant and interfere with lung physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mousseau
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS Université Denis Diderot Paris-VII, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris, France.
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Effect of small molecules on the phase behavior and coacervation of aqueous solutions of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate). J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 518:216-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Design of eco-friendly fabric softeners: Structure, rheology and interaction with cellulose nanocrystals. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 525:206-215. [PMID: 29705592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Concentrated fabric softeners are water-based formulations containing around 10-15 wt% of double tailed esterquat surfactants primarily synthesized from palm oil. In recent patents, it was shown that a significant part of the surfactant contained in today's formulations can be reduced by circa 50% and replaced by natural guar polymers without detrimental effects on the deposition and softening performances. We presently study the structure and rheology of these softener formulations and identify the mechanisms at the origin of these effects. EXPERIMENTS The polymer additives used are guar gum polysaccharides, one cationic and one modified through addition of hydroxypropyl groups. Formulations with and without guar polymers are investigated using optical and cryo-transmission electron microscopy, small-angle light and X-ray scattering and finally rheology. Similar techniques are applied to study the phase behavior of softener and cellulose nanocrystals considered here as a model for cotton. FINDINGS The esterquat surfactants are shown to assemble into micron-sized vesicles in the dilute and concentrated regimes. In the former, guar addition in small amounts does not impair the vesicular structure and stability. In the concentrated regime, cationic guars induce a local crowding associated to depletion interactions and leads to the formation of a local lamellar order. In rheology, adjusting the polymer concentration at 1/10th that of the surfactant is sufficient to offset the decrease of the elastic property associated with the surfactant reduction. In conclusion, we have shown that through an appropriate choice of natural additives it is possible to lower the concentration of surfactants in fabric conditioners by about half, a result that could represent a significant breakthrough in current home care formulations.
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Karabiyik Acar O, Kayitmazer AB, Torun Kose G. Hyaluronic Acid/Chitosan Coacervate-Based Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1198-1211. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Karabiyik Acar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Gamze Torun Kose
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
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48
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Pucci C, Cousin F, Dole F, Chapel JP, Schatz C. Impact of the Formulation Pathway on the Colloidal State and Crystallinity of Poly-ε-caprolactone Particles Prepared by Solvent Displacement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2531-2542. [PMID: 29356546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The formulation pathway and/or the mixing method are known to be relevant in many out-of-equilibrium processes. In this work, we studied the effect of the mixing conditions on the physicochemical properties of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) particles prepared by solvent displacement. More specifically, water was added in one shot (fast addition) or drop by drop to PCL solution in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to study the impact of the mixing process on particle properties including size, stability, and crystallinity. Two distinct composition maps representing the Ouzo domain characteristic of the presence of metastable nanoparticles have been established for each mixing method. Polymer nanoparticles are formed in the Ouzo domain according to a nucleation and growth (or aggregation) mechanism. The fast addition promotes a larger nucleation rate, thus favoring the formation of small and uniform particles. For the drop-by-drop addition, for which the polymer solubility gradually decreases, the composition trajectories systematically cross an intermediate unstable region between the solubility limit of the polymer and the Ouzo domain. This leads to heterogeneous nucleation as shown by the formation of larger and less stable particles. Particles formed in the Ouzo domain have semi-crystalline properties. The PCL melting point is decreased with the THF fraction trapped in particles in accordance with Flory's theory for melt crystallization. On the other hand, the degree of crystallinity is constant, around 20% regardless of the THF fraction. No difference between fast and slow addition could be detected on the semi-crystalline properties of the particles which emphasize that thermodynamic rather than kinetic factors drive the polymer crystallization in particles. The recovery of bulk PCL crystallinity after the removal of THF from particles tends to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pucci
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, Université de Bordeaux , 33600 Pessac, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629 , 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Fabrice Cousin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - François Dole
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, Université de Bordeaux , 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Paul Chapel
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), UMR CNRS 5031, Université de Bordeaux , 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Christophe Schatz
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5629 , 33600 Pessac, France
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Marianelli AM, Miller BM, Keating CD. Impact of macromolecular crowding on RNA/spermine complex coacervation and oligonucleotide compartmentalization. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:368-378. [PMID: 29265152 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02146a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the effect of neutral macromolecular crowders poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (8 kDa) and Ficoll (70 kDa) on liquid-liquid phase separation in a polyuridylic acid (polyU)/spermine complex coacervate system. The addition of PEG decreased both the amount of spermine required for phase separation and the coacervation temperature (TC). We interpret these effects on phase behavior as arising due to excluded volume and preferential interactions on both the secondary structure/condensation of spermine-associated polyU molecules and on the association of soluble polyU/spermine polyelectrolyte complexes to form coacervate droplets. Examination of coacervates formed in the presence of fluorescently-labeled PEG or Ficoll crowders indicated that Ficoll is accumulated while PEG is excluded from the coacervate phase, which provides further insight into the differences in phase behavior. Crowding agents impact distribution of a biomolecular solute: partitioning of a fluorescently-labeled U15 RNA oligomer into the polyU/spermine coacervates was increased approximately two-fold by 20 wt% Ficoll 70 kDa and by more than two orders of magnitude by 20 wt% PEG 8 kDa. The volume of the coacervate phase decreased in the presence of crowder relative to a dilute buffer solution. These findings indicate that potential impacts of macromolecular crowding on phase behavior and solute partitioning should be considered in model systems for intracellular membraneless organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Marianelli
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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50
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Bago Rodriguez AM, Binks BP, Sekine T. Emulsion stabilisation by complexes of oppositely charged synthetic polyelectrolytes. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:239-254. [PMID: 29231947 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the possibility of stabilising oil-water emulsions from the polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) obtained in mixtures of a strong cationic polyelectrolyte (poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDADMAC) and a weak anionic one (poly(acrylic acid)sodium salt, PAANa). Unlike other previous work however, both polyelectrolytes (PEL) are chosen as they are completely water-soluble and possess no surface activity when present alone over nearly all the pH range. In water, the effects of PEL concentration, PEL mixing ratio and pH on the formation of PEC are studied in detail. At low pH where the anionic PEL is uncharged, complex coacervation occurs in which droplets rich in both polymers are dispersed in water. At intermediate pH, the PEC comprise a mixture of coacervate droplets and solid particles. At high pH where the anionic PEL is significantly charged, only complex coacervation is observed. On addition of dodecane followed by homogenisation, no stable emulsions arose from dispersions containing solid particle PEC due to either the large precursor particle aggregates or their inherent hydrophilicity. By contrast, oil-in-water emulsions stable to coalescence could be prepared from coacervate dispersions. We discuss the feasibility of the coacervate phase spreading at the oil-water interface in terms of the relevant spreading coefficients and compare the predictions with experiment for a range of oils. We encounter oils whose drops become engulfed by the coacervate phase as well as oils where no engulfing occurs.
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