1
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Huang W, Wang C, Zhang Y, Qu J, Chen Y. Nickel-catalyzed acylation of vinylpyridine with alkylzincs under 1 atm CO. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2380-2383. [PMID: 38436087 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed acylation of vinylpyridines with CO at atmospheric pressure is reported, allowing for an expedient approach to synthesize β-acyl pyridine derivatives with high regio- and chemoselectivity. The electron-withdrawing property of pyridine plays pivotal roles in activating the alkenyl group, thereby facilitating this carbonylative process. In addition to vinylpyridines, other alkenylheterocycles such as thiazole and quinoline were also suitable for this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yetong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Jingping Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P R China
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2
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Applications of Hantzsch Esters in Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantzsch esters (1,4-dihydropyridine dicarboxylates) have become, in this century, very versatile reagents for enantioselective organic transformations. They can act as hydride transfer agents to reduce, regioselectively, a variety of multiple bonds, e.g., C=C and C=N, under mild reaction conditions. They are excellent reagents for the dearomatization of heteroaromatic substances, and participate readily in cascade processes. In the last few years, they have also become useful reagents for photoredox reactions. They can participate as sacrificial electron and hydrogen donors and when 4-alkyl or 4-acyl-substituted, they can act as alkyl or acyl radical transfer agents. These last reactions may take place in the presence or absence of a photocatalyst. This review surveys the literature published in this area in the last five years.
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3
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Gu ZY, Li WD, Li YL, Cui K, Xia JB. Selective Reductive Coupling of Vinyl Azaarenes and Alkynes via Photoredox Cobalt Dual Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213281. [PMID: 36178079 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-induced Co-catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective reductive coupling of vinyl azaarenes and alkynes has been developed. Notably, Hünig's base together with simple ethanol has been successfully applied as the hydrogen sources instead of commonly used Hantzsch esters in this catalytic photoredox reaction. This approach has considerable advantages for the straightforward synthesis of stereodefined multiple substituted alkenes bearing an azaarene motif, such as excellent regioselectivity (>20 : 1 for >30 examples) and stereoselectivity (>20 : 1 E/Z), broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility under mild reaction conditions, which has been utilized in the concise synthesis of natural product monomorine I. A reasonable catalytic reaction pathway involving protolysis of the cobaltacyclopentene intermediate has been proposed based on the mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yang Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,College of Textiles and Clothing, Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224003, China
| | - Wen-Duo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ji-Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Girvin ZC, Cotter LF, Yoon H, Chapman SJ, Mayer JM, Yoon TP, Miller SJ. Asymmetric Photochemical [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Acyclic Vinylpyridines through Ternary Complex Formation and an Uncontrolled Sensitization Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20109-20117. [PMID: 36264837 PMCID: PMC9633457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stereochemical control of photochemical reactions that occur via triplet energy transfer remains a challenge. Suppressing off-catalyst stereorandom reactivity is difficult for highly reactive open-shell intermediates. Strategies for suppressing racemate-producing, off-catalyst pathways have long focused on formation of ground state, substrate-catalyst chiral complexes that are primed for triplet energy transfer via a photocatalyst in contrast to their off-catalyst counterparts. Herein, we describe a strategy where both a chiral catalyst-associated vinylpyridine and a nonassociated, free vinylpyridine substrate can be sensitized by an Ir(III) photocatalyst, yet high levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivity in a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition are achieved through a preferred, highly organized transition state. This mechanistic paradigm is distinct from, yet complementary to current approaches for achieving high levels of stereocontrol in photochemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebediah C. Girvin
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Laura F. Cotter
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Hyung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Steven J. Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - James M. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Tehshik P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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5
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Gillespie J, Fanourakis A, Phipps RJ. Strategies That Utilize Ion Pairing Interactions to Exert Selectivity Control in the Functionalization of C-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18195-18211. [PMID: 36178308 PMCID: PMC9562467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatic attraction between two groups of opposite charge, typically known as ion-pairing, offers unique opportunities for the design of systems to enable selectivity control in chemical reactions. Catalysis using noncovalent interactions is an established and vibrant research area, but it is noticeable that hydrogen bonding interactions are still the main interaction of choice in system design. Opposite charges experience the powerful force of Coulombic attraction and have the ability to exert fundamental influence on the outcome of reactions that involve charged reagents, intermediates or catalysts. In this Perspective, we will examine how ion-pairing interactions have been used to control selectivity in C-H bond functionalization processes. This broad class of reactions provides an interesting and thought-provoking lens through which to examine the application of ion-pairing design strategies because it is one that encompasses great mechanistic diversity, poses significant selectivity challenges, and perhaps most importantly is of immense interest to synthetic chemists in both industry and academia. We survey reactions that proceed via radical and ionic mechanisms alongside those that involve transition metal catalysis and will deal with control of site-selectivity and enantioselectivity. We anticipate that as this emerging area develops, it will become an ever-more important design strategy for selectivity control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J. Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
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6
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Guo J, Xie Y, Lai ZM, Weng J, Chan ASC, Lu G. Enantioselective Hydroalkylation of Alkenylpyridines Enabled by Merging Photoactive Electron Donor–Acceptor Complexes with Chiral Bifunctional Organocatalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Min Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Mao B, Chen ZW, Wang JF, Zhang CH, Du ZQ, Yu CM. Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Alkenyl Trifluoroborates to Alkenyl-Substituted Benzimidazoles Catalyzed by Chiral Binaphthols. Org Lett 2022; 24:6588-6593. [PMID: 36053071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective organocatalytic conjugate alkenylation of β-substituted alkenyl benzimidazoles afforded β-stereogenic 2-alkyl benzimidazole derivatives in excellent enantioselectivities. Chiral binaphthols were effective catalysts for promoting the nucleophilic addition of bench-stable alkenyl trifluoroborate salts under mild conditions, expanding their applications by utilizing C=N-containing azaarenes as activating groups. The synthetic utility of this strategy is demonstrated by conversions into several useful enantiomerically enriched benzimidazole building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Mao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jian-Fei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chao-Huan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qian Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chuan-Ming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
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8
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Mandal D, Roychowdhury S, Biswas JP, Maiti S, Maiti D. Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond alkylation using olefins: recent advances and mechanistic aspects. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7358-7426. [PMID: 35912472 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00923k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysis has contributed immensely to C-C bond formation reactions over the last few decades, and alkylation is no exception. The superiority of such methodologies over traditional alkylation is evident from minimal reaction steps, shorter reaction times, and atom economy while also allowing control over regio- and stereo-selectivity. In particular, hydrocarbonation of alkenes has grabbed increased attention due its fundamental ability to effectively and selectively synthesise a wide range of industrially and pharmaceutically relevant moieties. This review attempts to provide a scientific viewpoint and a systematic analysis of the recent developments in transition-metal-catalyzed alkylation of various C-H bonds using simple and activated olefins. The key features and mechanistic studies involved in these transformations are described briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Sumali Roychowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Siddhartha Maiti
- School of Bioengineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Bhopal University, Bhopal-Indore Highway, Kothrikalan, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh-466114, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India. .,Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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9
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Li Y, Han C, Wang Y, Huang X, Zhao X, Qiao B, Jiang Z. Catalytic Asymmetric Reductive Azaarylation of Olefins via Enantioselective Radical Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7805-7814. [PMID: 35471031 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven photocatalytic reductive azaarylation has been widely used to construct the important imine-containing azaarene derivatives. In addition to the direct use of various commercially available cyanoazaarenes as feedstocks, the synthetic advantages include precise regioselectivity, high efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and good functional group tolerance. However, although many efficient reductive azaarylation methods have been established, the example of an enantioselective manner is still unmet, which most likely can be ascribed to the highly reactive radical coupling as the key step of forming stereocenters. Exploring the feasibility of enantiocontrol thus constitutes an attractive but highly challenging task. Here, we demonstrate that chiral hydrogen-bonding/photosensitizer catalysis is a viable platform as it enables the realization of the first enantioselective manifold. A variety of acyclic and cyclic enones as the reaction partners are compatible with the dual catalyst system, leading to a wide array of valuable enantioenriched azaarene variants with high yields and ees. Regulating the types of chiral catalysts represents one of the important manners to success, in which several readily accessible Cinchona alkaloid-derived bifunctional catalysts are introduced in asymmetric photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Cuijie Han
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Baokun Qiao
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
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10
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Dai Y, Liang S, Zeng G, Huang H, Zhao X, Cao S, Jiang Z. Asymmetric [3 + 2] photocycloadditions of cyclopropylamines with electron-rich and electron-neutral olefins. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3787-3795. [PMID: 35432885 PMCID: PMC8966714 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07044d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical addition to olefins is a common and useful chemical transformation. In the context of offering enantioenriched three-dimensional molecules via such a highly reactive process, chiral hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) catalysis has been widely used to provide enantiocontrol. The current strategies for operating H-bonding induction are confined to following that are prevalent in ionic-type manifolds. Here, we report a novel protocol towards electron-rich olefins based on converting these species from acting as H-bonding donors to acceptors. It facilitates the first development of asymmetric [3 + 2] photocycloadditions with cyclopropylamines. The method is also effective for electron-neutral olefins, in which the successful construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocentres from 1,1-diaryl ethylenes that feature two structurally similar aryl substituents demonstrates the versatility of this new chiral H-bonding catalytic strategy. Furthermore, the importance of the obtained six kinds of products in pharmaceuticals and asymmetric catalysis underscores the practicability of this work. Radical addition to olefins is a common and useful chemical transformation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan P. R. China 453007
| | - Shuangshuang Liang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan P. R. China 475004
| | - Guangkuo Zeng
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan P. R. China 475004
| | - Hongchun Huang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan P. R. China 475004
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan P. R. China 475004
| | - Shanshan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan P. R. China 453007
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan P. R. China 453007 .,International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan P. R. China 475004
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11
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Chapman SJ, Swords WB, Le CM, Guzei IA, Toste FD, Yoon TP. Cooperative Stereoinduction in Asymmetric Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4206-4213. [PMID: 35192768 PMCID: PMC9033210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stereoinduction in complex organic reactions often involves the influence of multiple stereocontrol elements. The interaction among these can often result in the observation of significant cooperative effects that afford different rates and selectivities between the matched and mismatched sets of stereodifferentiating chiral elements. The elucidation of matched/mismatched effects in ground-state chemical reactions was a critically important theme in the maturation of modern stereocontrolled synthesis. The development of robust methods for the control of photochemical reactions, however, is a relatively recent development, and similar cooperative stereocontrolling effects in excited-state enantioselective photoreactions have not previously been documented. Herein, we describe a tandem chiral photocatalyst/Brønsted acid strategy for highly enantioselective [2 + 2] photocycloadditions of vinylpyridines. Importantly, the matched and mismatched chiral catalyst pairs exhibit different reaction rates and enantioselectivities across a range of coupling partners. We observe no evidence of ground-state interactions between the catalysts and conclude that these effects arise from their cooperative behavior in a transient excited-state assembly. These results suggest that similar matched/mismatched effects might be important in other classes of enantioselective dual-catalytic photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison; Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Wesley B. Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison; Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Christine M. Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison; Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tehshik P. Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison; Madison, WI 53703, USA
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12
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Chai X, Hu X, Zhao X, Yin Y, Cao S, Jiang Z. Asymmetric Hydroaminoalkylation of Alkenylazaarenes via Cooperative Photoredox and Chiral Hydrogen-Bonding Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115110. [PMID: 35001449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chiral hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition to activated olefins has been widely used to access enantioenriched molecules containing stereocenters at the β-position of the olefin activating groups. Herein, we report the first highly enantioselective radical-based manifold. Under a dual organocatalyst system involving a chiral phosphoric acid and DPZ as the photoredox sensitizer, transformations of N-arylglycines, in which aryls with CF3 substituents are introduced, with alkenyl azaarenes afforded valuable hydroaminoalkylation adducts with satisfactory results. In addition to the diversity of azaarenes, the method can be used to construct aryl-, alkyl- and silyl-substituted stereocenter. Control experiments and density functional theory calculations were performed to elucidate a plausible reaction mechanism and the origin of stereoselectivity, wherein nonclassical H-bonding interactions were found to assist chiral catalysts in offering sufficient enantiocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpei Chai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xinheng Hu
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China.,College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China.,International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
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13
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Mondal S, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Sibi MP, Bertrand MP, Nechab M. Enantioselective Radical Reactions Using Chiral Catalysts. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5842-5976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Syamsundar College, Shyamsundar 713424, West Bengal, India
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Mukund P. Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Michèle P. Bertrand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Malek Nechab
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
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14
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Chai X, Hu X, Zhao X, Yin Y, Cao S, Jiang Z. Asymmetric Hydroaminoalkylation of Alkenylazaarenes via Cooperative Photoredox and Chiral Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpei Chai
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 453007 Xinxiang CHINA
| | - Xinheng Hu
- Henan University International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry 475004 Kaifeng CHINA
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Henan University International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry 475004 Kaifeng CHINA
| | - Yanli Yin
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 453007 Xinxiang CHINA
| | - Shanshan Cao
- Henan Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 453007 Xinxiang CHINA
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Henan University Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province Jinming Campus 475004 Kaifeng CHINA
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15
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Yin Y, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Asymmetric Photocatalytic Synthesis of Enantioenriched Azaarene Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202201047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Chen X, Wei W, Li C, Zhou H, Qiao B, Jiang Z. Photoredox-Catalyzed Synthesis of Remote Fluoroalkylated Azaarene Derivatives and the α-Deuterated Analogues via 1, n-Hydrogen-Atom-Transfer-Involving Radical Reactions. Org Lett 2021; 23:8744-8749. [PMID: 34723556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A modular strategy to access the remote fluoroalkylated azaarene derivatives and the α-deuterated analogues, which are the isosteres of many pharmaceutically important compounds, is reported. Transformations under the sustainable photoredox catalysis platform could efficiently experience cascade radical addition, 1,n-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), and single-electron reduction to offer the crucial anions α to azaarenes. Through reacting with H2O or the inexpensive D2O, two series of valuable products were obtained in high yields with substantial deuterium incorporation. The work demonstrates that the HAT of the α-sp3 C-H of the electron-withdrawing azaarenes with alkyl radicals is viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Wei
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Li
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P. R. China
| | - Baokun Qiao
- International S&T Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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17
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Maitland JAP, Leitch JA, Yamazaki K, Christensen KE, Cassar DJ, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Switchable, Reagent‐Controlled Diastereodivergent Photocatalytic Carbocyclisation of Imine‐Derived α‐Amino Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Andrew P. Maitland
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry UCL (University College London) School of Pharmacy 29–39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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18
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Maitland JAP, Leitch JA, Yamazaki K, Christensen KE, Cassar DJ, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Switchable, Reagent-Controlled Diastereodivergent Photocatalytic Carbocyclisation of Imine-Derived α-Amino Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24116-24123. [PMID: 34449968 PMCID: PMC8597041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A reagent-controlled stereodivergent carbocyclisation of aryl aldimine-derived, photocatalytically generated, α-amino radicals possessing adjacent conjugated alkenes, affording either bicyclic or tetracyclic products, is described. Under net reductive conditions using commercial Hantzsch ester, the α-amino radical species underwent a single stereoselective cyclisation to give trans-configured amino-indane structures in good yield, whereas using a substituted Hantzsch ester as a milder reductant afforded cis-fused tetracyclic tetrahydroquinoline frameworks, resulting from two consecutive radical cyclisations. Judicious choice of the reaction conditions allowed libraries of both single and dual cyclisation products to be synthesised with high selectivity, notable predictability, and good-to-excellent yields. Computational analysis employing DFT revealed the reaction pathway and mechanistic rationale behind this finely balanced yet readily controlled photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Andrew P. Maitland
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological ChemistryUCL (University College London)School of Pharmacy29–39 Brunswick SquareLondonWC1N 1AXUK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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19
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Larionova NA, Ondozabal JM, Smith EG, Cambeiro XC. A Photocatalytic Regioselective Direct Hydroaminoalkylation of Aryl-Substituted Alkenes with Amines. Org Lett 2021; 23:5383-5388. [PMID: 34197124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic method for the α-selective hydroaminoalkylation of cinnamate esters has been developed. The reaction involves the regioselective addition of α-aminoalkyl radicals generated from aniline derivatives or aliphatic amines to the α-position of unsaturated esters. The scope of aromatic alkenes was extended to styrenes undergoing hydroaminoalkylation with anti-Markovnikov selectivity, which confirms the importance of the aromatic group at the β-position. Simple scale-up is demonstrated under continuous flow conditions, highlighting the practicality of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Larionova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Miyatake Ondozabal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Emily G Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Xacobe C Cambeiro
- School of Science, University of Greenwich. Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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20
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Divergent asymmetric synthesis of azaarene-functionalized cyclic alcohols through stereocontrolled Beckwith-Enholm cyclizations. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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21
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Hu W, Zhan Q, Zhou H, Cao S, Jiang Z. Radical-based functionalization-oriented construction: rapid assembly of azaarene-substituted highly functionalized pyrroles. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6543-6550. [PMID: 34040730 PMCID: PMC8132952 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Totally different functionalization and construction as two fundamental synthetic protocols have long been applied to furnish azaarene variants. Here, a novel radical-based functionalization-oriented construction strategy by exploiting the electronic properties of azaarenes and the high reactivity of radicals is developed. Under a photoredox catalysis platform, the robust ability of such an artful combination of functionalization with construction is disclosed in the synthesis of valuable 3-azaarene-substituted densely functionalized pyrroles. In addition to the ability to use the readily accessible feedstocks, the high synthetic efficiency and the good functional group tolerance, the substrate scope is broad (81 examples) resulting from the capability to flexibly replace the types of azaarenes and other substituents. Control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate the plausible mechanism involving the reaction pathways and the important role of NaH2PO4 as an additive in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigao Hu
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhan
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing Zhejiang P. R. China 314001
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University Jiaxing Zhejiang P. R. China 314001
| | - Shanshan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
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22
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Kong M, Tan Y, Zhao X, Qiao B, Tan CH, Cao S, Jiang Z. Catalytic Reductive Cross Coupling and Enantioselective Protonation of Olefins to Construct Remote Stereocenters for Azaarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4024-4031. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Kong
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Tan
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Baokun Qiao
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Shanshan Cao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Chiral Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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23
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Wasfy N, Doan B, Rasheed F, Fishlock D, Orellana A. Palladium-Catalyzed, Mild Dehydrogenation of 4-Alkylpyridines. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Wasfy
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Brian Doan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Faizan Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Dan Fishlock
- Process Chemistry and Catalysis, Synthetic Molecule Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Basel 4070, Switzerland
| | - Arturo Orellana
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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24
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Abadie B, Jonusauskas G, McClenaghan ND, Toullec PY, Vincent JM. Alkylation of the α-amino C-H bonds of anilines photocatalyzed by a DMEDA-Cu-benzophenone complex: reaction scope and mechanistic studies. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5800-5805. [PMID: 34110351 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00960e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cu(ii) complex 1 incorporating a BP chromophore is a highly active and chemoselective photocatalyst for the alkylation of α-amino C-H bonds of anilines. The reaction was shown to proceed with a broad substrate scope in the absence of additives. Extensive mechanistic studies were performed, in particular using transient absorption spectroscopy, and spectroscopic signatures of key intermediates were identified in the conditions of catalysis. Finally, the ability of 1 to act as a multitask catalyst was showcased by conducting multi-component CuAAC and olefin hydroalkylation reactions in one-pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Abadie
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Gediminas Jonusauskas
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5798, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Nathan D McClenaghan
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Patrick Y Toullec
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Jean-Marc Vincent
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
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25
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Bhattacharyya A, De Sarkar S, Das A. Supramolecular Engineering and Self-Assembly Strategies in Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Bhattacharyya
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246. India
| | - Anindita Das
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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26
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Lv L, Li CJ. Ruthenium catalyzed β-selective alkylation of vinylpyridines with aldehydes/ketones via N 2H 4 mediated deoxygenative couplings. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2870-2875. [PMID: 34164052 PMCID: PMC8179402 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Umpolung (polarity reversal) tactics of aldehydes/ketones have greatly broadened carbonyl chemistry by enabling transformations with electrophilic reagents and deoxygenative functionalizations. Herein, we report the first ruthenium-catalyzed β-selective alkylation of vinylpyridines with both naturally abundant aromatic and aliphatic aldehyde/ketones via N2H4 mediated deoxygenative couplings. Compared with one-electron umpolung of carbonyls to alcohols, this two-electron umpolung strategy realized reductive deoxygenation targets, which were not only applicable to the regioselective alkylation of a broad range of 2/4-alkene substituted pyridines, but also amenable to challenging 3-vinyl and steric-embedded internal pyridines as well as their analogous heterocyclic structures. Ruthenium-catalyzed β-selective alkylation of vinylpyridines with carbonyls (both aromatic and aliphatic ketones/aldehydes) via N2H4 mediated deoxygenative couplings was achieved.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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27
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Ermanis K, Colgan AC, Proctor RSJ, Hadrys BW, Phipps RJ, Goodman JM. A Computational and Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Selectivity in the Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Minisci Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21091-21101. [PMID: 33252228 PMCID: PMC7747223 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
Minisci reaction is one of the most valuable methods for directly
functionalizing basic heteroarenes to form carbon–carbon bonds.
Use of prochiral, heteroatom-substituted radicals results in stereocenters
being formed adjacent to the heteroaromatic system, generating motifs
which are valuable in medicinal chemistry and chiral ligand design.
Recently a highly enantioselective and regioselective protocol for
the Minisci reaction was developed, using chiral phosphoric acid catalysis.
However, the precise mechanism by which this process operated and
the origin of selectivity remained unclear, making it challenging
to develop the reaction more generally. Herein we report further experimental
mechanistic studies which feed into detailed DFT calculations that
probe the precise nature of the stereochemistry-determining step.
Computational and experimental evidence together support Curtin–Hammett
control in this reaction, with initial radical addition being quick
and reversible, and enantioselectivity being achieved in the subsequent
slower, irreversible deprotonation. A detailed survey via DFT calculations
assessed a number of different possibilities for selectivity-determining
deprotonation of the radical cation intermediate. Computations point
to a clear preference for an initially unexpected mode of internal
deprotonation enacted by the amide group, which is a crucial structural
feature of the radical precursor, with the assistance of the associated
chiral phosphate. This unconventional stereodetermining step underpins
the high enantioselectivities and regioselectivities observed. The
mechanistic model was further validated by applying it to a test set
of substrates possessing varied structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristaps Ermanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Avene C Colgan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert S J Proctor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara W Hadrys
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Goodman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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28
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Yin Y, Li Y, Gonçalves TP, Zhan Q, Wang G, Zhao X, Qiao B, Huang KW, Jiang Z. All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters α to Azaarenes via Radical-Based Asymmetric Olefin Difunctionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19451-19456. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. of China
- Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yunqiang Li
- Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Théo P. Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Guanghui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Baokun Qiao
- Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
- Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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29
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Rostoll-Berenguer J, Blay G, Pedro JR, Vila C. Photocatalytic Giese Addition of 1,4-Dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones to Electron-Poor Alkenes Using Visible Light. Org Lett 2020; 22:8012-8017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Rostoll-Berenguer
- Departament de Quı́mica Orgànica, Facultat de Quı́mica, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Quı́mica Orgànica, Facultat de Quı́mica, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Quı́mica Orgànica, Facultat de Quı́mica, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Carlos Vila
- Departament de Quı́mica Orgànica, Facultat de Quı́mica, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
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30
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Yin Y, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Advances in the Synthesis of Imine‐Containing Azaarene Derivatives via Photoredox Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yin
- College of Bioengineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy Henan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 P. R. China
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31
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Chen J, Fu Y, Yu Y, Wang JR, Guo YW, Li H, Wang W. Enantioselective [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Vinylquinolines with Dienals Enabled by Synergistic Organocatalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:6061-6066. [PMID: 32663018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented organocatalytic enantioselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of vinyl quinolines with dienals is achieved with the synergistic activation of CH3SO3H and a chiral aminocatalyst. The power of the process is demonstrated by its high efficiency of the production of new synthetically and biologically valued chiral quinoline architectures in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.,Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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32
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Saha D. Catalytic Enantioselective Radical Transformations Enabled by Visible Light. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2129-2152. [PMID: 32463981 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Visible light has been recognized as an economical and environmentally benign source of energy that enables chemoselective molecular activation of chemical reactions and hence reveal a new horizon for the design and discovery of novel chemical transformations. On the other hand, asymmetric catalysis represents an economic method to satisfy the increasing need for enantioenriched compounds in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, combining visible light photocatalysis with asymmetric catalysis creates a wider range of opportunities for the development of mechanistically unique reaction schemes. However, there arise two main problems like undesirable photochemical background reactions and difficulties in controlling the stereochemistry with highly reactive photochemical intermediates which can pose a serious challenge to the development of asymmetric visible light photocatalysis. In recent years, several methods have been developed to overcome these challenges. This review summarizes the recent advances in visible light-induced enantioselective reactions. We divide our discussion into four categories: Asymmetric photoredox organocatalysis, asymmetric transition metal photoredox catalysis, asymmetric photoredox Lewis acid catalysis and asymmetric photoinduced energy transfer catalysis. Special emphasis has been given to different catalytic activation modes that enable the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond in an enantioselective fashion. A brief analysis of substrate scope and limitation as well as reaction mechanism of these reactions has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Krishnagar Govt. College, Krishnagar, Nadia, 741101, India
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33
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Nakano Y, Black MJ, Meichan AJ, Sandoval BA, Chung MM, Biegasiewicz KF, Zhu T, Hyster TK. Photoenzymatic Hydrogenation of Heteroaromatic Olefins Using 'Ene'-Reductases with Photoredox Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10484-10488. [PMID: 32181943 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Flavin-dependent 'ene'-reductases (EREDs) are highly selective catalysts for the asymmetric reduction of activated alkenes. This function is, however, limited to enones, enoates, and nitroalkenes using the native hydride transfer mechanism. Here we demonstrate that EREDs can reduce vinyl pyridines when irradiated with visible light in the presence of a photoredox catalyst. Experimental evidence suggests the reaction proceeds via a radical mechanism where the vinyl pyridine is reduced to the corresponding neutral benzylic radical in solution. DFT calculations reveal this radical to be "dynamically stable", suggesting it is sufficiently long-lived to diffuse into the enzyme active site for stereoselective hydrogen atom transfer. This reduction mechanism is distinct from the native one, highlighting the opportunity to expand the synthetic capabilities of existing enzyme platforms by exploiting new mechanistic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakano
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Present address: Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael J Black
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Andrew J Meichan
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | | | - Megan M Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Kyle F Biegasiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.,Present address: School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Todd K Hyster
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
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34
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Nakano Y, Black MJ, Meichan AJ, Sandoval BA, Chung MM, Biegasiewicz KF, Zhu T, Hyster TK. Photoenzymatic Hydrogenation of Heteroaromatic Olefins Using ‘Ene’‐Reductases with Photoredox Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakano
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
- Present address: Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Science Monash University Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Michael J. Black
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | | | | | - Megan M. Chung
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Kyle F. Biegasiewicz
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
- Present address: School of Molecular Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Todd K. Hyster
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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35
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Aramaki Y, Imaizumi N, Hotta M, Kumagai J, Ooi T. Exploiting single-electron transfer in Lewis pairs for catalytic bond-forming reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4305-4311. [PMID: 34122888 PMCID: PMC8152713 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01159b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A single-electron transfer (SET) between tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3) and N,N-dialkylanilines is reported, which is operative via the formation of an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex involving π-orbital interactions as a key intermediate under dark conditions or visible-light irradiation depending on the structure of the aniline derivatives. This inherent SET in the Lewis pairs initiates the generation of the corresponding α-aminoalkyl radicals and their additions to electron-deficient olefins, revealing the ability of B(C6F5)3 to act as an effective one-electron redox catalyst. Radical–ion pair generation from common Lewis pairs and its application to catalytic carbon–carbon bond formation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Aramaki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Naoki Imaizumi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Mao Hotta
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Jun Kumagai
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan .,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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36
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Trowbridge A, Walton SM, Gaunt MJ. New Strategies for the Transition-Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Aliphatic Amines. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2613-2692. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Trowbridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Scarlett M. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Oncology
- IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, Unit 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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37
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Tzara A, Xanthopoulos D, Kourounakis AP. Morpholine As a Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry: An Update on Synthetic Strategies. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:392-403. [PMID: 32017384 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Morpholine is a frequently used heterocycle in medicinal chemistry and a privileged structural component of bioactive molecules. This is mainly due to its contribution to a plethora of biological activities as well as to an improved pharmacokinetic profile of such bioactive molecules. The synthesis of morpholines is a subject of much study due to their biological and pharmacological importance, with the last such review being published in 2013. Here, an overview of the main approaches toward morpholine synthesis or functionalization is presented, emphasizing on novel work which has not been reviewed so far. This review is an update on synthetic strategies leading to easily accessible libraries of bioactives which are of interest for drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadni Tzara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Xanthopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki P Kourounakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
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38
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Abstract
The activation of pyridinium salts with electron-withdrawing heterocycles enables an iridium-catalyzed reductive hydroxymethylation reaction to proceed smoothly, facilitating the preparation of useful 3D heteroaryl-substituted functionalized piperidines. The methodology is used to prepare 3-hydroxymethylated analogues of pharmaceutical agents. Mechanistically, formaldehyde acts as both a hydride donor and the electrophile, leading to the formation of two new carbon-hydrogen bonds and one new carbon-carbon bond under relatively mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish B Hepburn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Timothy J Donohoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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39
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Yin Y, Zhao X, Qiao B, Jiang Z. Cooperative photoredox and chiral hydrogen-bonding catalysis. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00276c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chiral hydrogen-bonding catalysis is a classic strategy in asymmetric organocatalysis. Recently, it has been used to cooperate with photoredox catalysis, becoming a powerful tool to access optical pure compounds via radical-based transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
- P. R. China
- College of Bioengineering
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Henan University
- Jinming Campus
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
| | - Baokun Qiao
- Henan University
- Jinming Campus
- Kaifeng
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
- P. R. China
- Henan University
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40
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Organocatalysis Combined with Photocatalysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:37. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Izquierdo J, Demurget N, Landa A, Brinck T, Mercero JM, Dinér P, Oiarbide M, Palomo C. Asymmetric Synthesis of Adjacent Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Carbon Stereocenters: Organocatalytic Aldol Reaction of an Hydantoin Surrogate with Azaarene 2-Carbaldehydes. Chemistry 2019; 25:12431-12438. [PMID: 31318987 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A bifunctional amine/squaramide catalyst promoted direct aldol addition of an hydantoin surrogate to pyridine 2-carbaldehyde N-oxides to afford adducts bearing two vicinal tertiary/quaternary carbons in high diastereo- and enantioselectivity (d.r. up to >20:1; ee up to 98 %) is reported. Acid hydrolysis of adducts followed by reduction of the N-oxide group yields enantiopure carbinol-tethered quaternary hydantoin-azaarene conjugates with densely functionalized skeletons. DFT studies of the potential energy surface (B3LYP/6-31+G(d)+CPCM (dichloromethane)) of the reaction correlate the activity of different catalysts and support an intramolecular hydrogen-bond-assisted activation of the squaramide moiety in the transition state of the catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Noémie Demurget
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitor Landa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Tore Brinck
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of, Technology, Teknikringen 30, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jose M Mercero
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, (UPV/EHU) & Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Spain
| | - Peter Dinér
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of, Technology, Teknikringen 30, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikel Oiarbide
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
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42
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Kourounakis AP, Xanthopoulos D, Tzara A. Morpholine as a privileged structure: A review on the medicinal chemistry and pharmacological activity of morpholine containing bioactive molecules. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:709-752. [PMID: 31512284 DOI: 10.1002/med.21634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Morpholine is a heterocycle featured in numerous approved and experimental drugs as well as bioactive molecules. It is often employed in the field of medicinal chemistry for its advantageous physicochemical, biological, and metabolic properties, as well as its facile synthetic routes. The morpholine ring is a versatile and readily accessible synthetic building block, it is easily introduced as an amine reagent or can be built according to a variety of available synthetic methodologies. This versatile scaffold, appropriately substituted, possesses a wide range of biological activities. There are many examples of molecular targets of morpholine bioactive in which the significant contribution of the morpholine moiety has been demonstrated; it is an integral component of the pharmacophore for certain enzyme active-site inhibitors whereas it bestows selective affinity for a wide range of receptors. A large body of in vivo studies has demonstrated morpholine's potential to not only increase potency but also provide compounds with desirable drug-like properties and improved pharamacokinetics. In this review we describe the medicinal chemistry/pharmacological activity of morpholine derivatives on various therapeutically related molecular targets, attempting to highlight the importance of the morpholine ring in drug design and development as well as to justify its classification as a privileged structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki P Kourounakis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Xanthopoulos
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ariadni Tzara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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43
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Photoredox-Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Deuteration of Azaarenes with D 2O. iScience 2019; 16:410-419. [PMID: 31229890 PMCID: PMC6593145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The site-specific incorporation of deuterium (D) into small molecules is frequently used to access isotopically labeled compounds with broad utility in many research areas, such as drug development, mechanistic studies, and NMR analyses. Nevertheless, the deuteration of a stereocenter in an enantioselective manner, which could slow the metabolism and improve the bioavailability of bioactive molecules, remains challenging owing to the lack of established catalytic methods. Here, we report an asymmetric α-deuteration strategy for azaarenes with inexpensive D2O as the deuterium source. A cooperative visible light-driven photoredox and chiral Brønsted acid–catalyzed system using a Hantzsch ester as the terminal reductant has been developed, which enables racemic α-chloro-azaarenes and prochiral azaarene-substituted ketones to experience a single-electron reduction–enantioselective deuteration process. The transition metal-free method provides important chiral α-deuterated azaarenes in satisfactory yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) and substantial deuterium incorporation. Enantioselective deuteration enabled by photoredox asymmetric catalysis D2O as the deuterium source Azaarenes with a deuterated stereocenter Transition-metal-free catalyst system
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44
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Shen ML, Shen Y, Wang PS. Merging Visible-Light Photoredox and Chiral Phosphate Catalysis for Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Reaction with in Situ Generation of N-Acyl Imines. Org Lett 2019; 21:2993-2997. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lan Shen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pu-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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45
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Buttard F, Berthonneau C, Hiebel MA, Brière JF, Suzenet F. Organocatalytic aza-Michael Reaction to 3-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazines as a Valuable Bifunctional Platform. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3702-3714. [PMID: 30791682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented catalytic aza-Michael addition to substituted 3-vinyl-1,2,4-triazines, as original bifunctional platforms for the domino conjugate addition inverse-electron-demand hetero-Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder ( ihDA/ rDA) reaction, was achieved using the highly acidic triflimide as an organocatalyst. Based on the use of alkoxyamine nucleophiles, this sequence not only highlights a rare example of the catalytic aza-Michael reaction to alkenylazaarenes but also proves to be useful for the elaboration of an array of biorelevant tetrahydro-[1,6]-naphthyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris Buttard
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311 , Orléans 45067 , France
| | | | | | | | - Franck Suzenet
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311 , Orléans 45067 , France
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46
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Cao K, Tan SM, Lee R, Yang S, Jia H, Zhao X, Qiao B, Jiang Z. Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Prochiral Radicals to Vinylpyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5437-5443. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Siu Min Tan
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Richmond Lee
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Songwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Hongshao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Baokun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
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47
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9,10-Phenanthrenedione as Visible-Light Photoredox Catalyst: A Green Methodology for the Functionalization of 3,4-Dihydro-1,4-Benzoxazin-2-Ones through a Friedel-Crafts Reaction. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A visible-light photoredox functionalization of 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-2-ones through a Friedel-Crafts reaction with indoles using an inexpensive organophotoredox catalyst is described. The reaction uses a dual catalytic system that is formed by a photocatalyst simple and cheap, 9,10-phenanthrenedione, and a Lewis acid, Zn(OTf)2. 5W white LEDs are used as visible-light source and oxygen from air as a terminal oxidant, obtaining the corresponding products with good yields. The reaction can be extended to other electron-rich arenes. Our methodology represents one of the most valuable and sustainable approach for the functionalization of 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-2-ones, as compared to the reported procedures. Furthermore, several transformations were carried out, such as the synthesis of the natural product cephalandole A and a tryptophol derivative.
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48
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Xu C, Muir CW, Leach AG, Kennedy AR, Watson AJB. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Chiral Azaheteroaryl Ethylamines by Asymmetric Protonation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11374-11377. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Calum W. Muir
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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49
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Xu C, Muir CW, Leach AG, Kennedy AR, Watson AJB. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Chiral Azaheteroaryl Ethylamines by Asymmetric Protonation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Calum W. Muir
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM; School of Chemistry; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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50
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Zheng K, Liu X, Feng X. Recent Advances in Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Conjugate Addition (ACA) of Nonorganometallic Nucleophiles. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7586-7656. [PMID: 30047721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metal-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition (ACA) reaction has emerged as a general and powerful approach for the construction of optically active compounds and is among the most significant and useful reactions in synthetic organic chemistry. In recent years, great progress has been made in this area with the use of various chiral metal complexes based on different chiral ligands. This review provides comprehensive and critical information on the enantioselective 1,4-conjugate addition of nonorganometallic (soft) nucleophiles and their importance in synthetic applications. The literature is covered from the last 10 years, and a number of examples from before 2007 are included as background information. The review is divided into multiple parts according to the type of nucleophile involved in the reaction (such as C-, B-, O-, N-, S-, P-, and Si-centered nucleophiles) and metal catalyst systems used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , P. R. China
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