1
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Wang S, Zhao K, Li J, Yu X, Zhang Q, Han Y. Microstructural Evolution of P(NDI2OD-T2) Films with Different Molecular Weight during Stretching Deformation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300624. [PMID: 38018318 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers exhibit excellent electrical and mechanical properties when their molecular weight (Mw) is above the critical molecular weight (Mc). The microstructural changes of polymers under strain are crucial to establish a structure-performance relationship. Herein, the tensile deformation of P(NDI2OD-T2) is visualized, and cracks are revealed either along the (100) crystal plane of side chain packing or along the main chain direction which depends on the Mw is below or above the Mc. When Mw < Mc, the film cracks along the (100) plane under small strains. When Mw > Mc, the polymer chains first undergo stretch-induced orientation and then fracture along the main chain direction at large strains. This is attributed to the fact that the low Mw film exhibits large crystalline domains and the absence of interdomain connectivity, which are vulnerable to mechanical stress. In contrast, the high Mw film displays a nearly amorphous morphology with adequate entanglements, the molecular chains can endure stresses in the stretching direction to release substantial strain energy under greater mechanical deformation. Therefore, the film with Mw > Mc exhibits the optimal electrical and mechanical performances simultaneously, i.e., the electron mobility is retained under 100% strain and after 100 stretching-releasing cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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2
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The continuous fiber networks with a balanced bimodal orientation of P(NDI2OD-T2) by controlling solution nucleation and face-on and edge-on crystallization rates. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Manurung R, Troisi A. Screening semiconducting polymers to discover design principles for tuning charge carrier mobility. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:14319-14333. [PMID: 36325475 PMCID: PMC9536249 DOI: 10.1039/d2tc02527b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We employ a rapid method for computing the electronic structure and orbital localization characteristics for a sample of 36 different polymer backbone structures. This relatively large sample derived from recent literature is used to identify the features of the monomer sequence that lead to greater charge delocalization and, potentially, greater charge mobility. Two characteristics contributing in equal measure to large localization length are the reduced variation of the coupling between adjacent monomers due to conformational fluctuations and the presence of just two monomers in the structural repeating units. For such polymers a greater mismatch between the HOMO orbitals of the fragments and, surprisingly, a smaller coupling between them is shown to favour greater delocalization of the orbitals. The underlying physical reasons for such observations are discussed and explicit and constructive design rules are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex Manurung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown St Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown St Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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4
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Kitao T. Controlled assemblies of conjugated polymers in metal−organic frameworks. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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Wang S, Li H, Zhao K, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yu X, Tian H, Han Y. Increasing the Charge Transport of P(NDI2OD-T2) by Improving the Polarization of the NDI2OD Unit along the Backbone Direction and Preaggregation via H-Bonding. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
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6
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Yin Y, Chen S, Zhu S, Li L, Zhai D, Huang D, Peng J. Tailoring Cocrystallization and Microphase Separation in Rod–Rod Block Copolymers for Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dalong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dongqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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7
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Heo YJ, Jeong HG, Kim J, Lim B, Kim J, Kim Y, Kang B, Yun JM, Cho K, Kim DY. Formation of Large Crystalline Domains in a Semiconducting Polymer with Semi-fluorinated Alkyl Side Chains and Application to High-Performance Thin-Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49886-49894. [PMID: 33091302 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The semi-fluorinated alkyl (SFA) side chain introduced thienylenevinylene (TV)-based p-type polymer, PC12TVC5F7T, was synthesized for use in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Herein, we investigated the influence of SFA side chains on the morphology, molecular orientation, and crystalline structure using a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), two-dimensional (2D) grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Interestingly, the incorporation of SFA side chains led to the evolution of plate-like large-sized domains and also strongly intermolecular stacked high crystalline structures. Furthermore, due to the strong interactions between SFA side chains, several (00h) peaks could be observed for PC12TVC5F7T, in spite of their fairly large dihedral angle. As a result, due to the well-developed microstructure of PC12TVC5F7T, the OTFT devices based on it exhibited a high hole mobility of 1.91 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is an outstanding value among the poly(thiophene) derivative polymers. These observations indicate that large-sized domains and strongly intermolecular stacked high crystalline structures, which are beneficial for charge carrier transport, could be attained by the introduction of SFA side chains, further enhancing the performance of the OTFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Jung Heo
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Gu Jeong
- Busan Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning (BISTEP), Busan 48058, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihong Kim
- Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP), Seoul 06775, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Kim
- Future Technology Research Center, Corporate R&D, LG Chem Research Park, Seoul 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseul Kim
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Boseok Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mun Yun
- Radiation Research Division for Industry and Environment, Korea Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup-si, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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8
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Liu C, Hu W, Jiang H, Liu G, Han CC, Sirringhaus H, Boué F, Wang D. Chain Conformation and Aggregation Structure Formation of a High Charge Mobility DPP-Based Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymer. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hanqiu Jiang
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Centre, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Charles C. Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - François Boué
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CEA-CNRS-UPSay,
CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dujin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Zhang F, Mohammadi E, Qu G, Dai X, Diao Y. Orientation-Dependent Host-Dopant Interactions for Manipulating Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002823. [PMID: 32812292 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular orientation plays a critical role in controlling carrier transport in organic semiconductors (OSCs). However, this aspect has not been explored for surface doping of OSC thin films. The challenge lies in lack of methods to precisely modulate relative molecular orientation between the dopant and the OSC host. Here, the impact of molecular orientation on dopant-host electronic interactions by large modulation of conjugated polymer orientation via solution coating is reported. Combining synchrotron-radiation X-ray measurements with spectroscopic and electrical characterizations, a quantitative correlation between doping-enhanced charge carrier mobility and the Herman's orientation parameter is presented. This direct correlation can be attributed to enhanced charge-transfer interactions at host/dopant interface with increasing face-on orientation of the polymer. These results demonstrate that the surface doping effect can be fundamentally manipulated by controlling the molecular orientation of the OSC layer, enabling optimization of carrier transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Erfan Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ge Qu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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10
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Chen H, Zhang W, Li M, He G, Guo X. Interface Engineering in Organic Field-Effect Transistors: Principles, Applications, and Perspectives. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2879-2949. [PMID: 32078296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous interfaces that are ubiquitous in optoelectronic devices play a key role in the device performance and have led to the prosperity of today's microelectronics. Interface engineering provides an effective and promising approach to enhancing the device performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and even developing new functions. In fact, researchers from different disciplines have devoted considerable attention to this concept, which has started to evolve from simple improvement of the device performance to sophisticated construction of novel functionalities, indicating great potential for further applications in broad areas ranging from integrated circuits and energy conversion to catalysis and chemical/biological sensors. In this review article, we provide a timely and comprehensive overview of current efficient approaches developed for building various delicate functional interfaces in OFETs, including interfaces within the semiconductor layers, semiconductor/electrode interfaces, semiconductor/dielectric interfaces, and semiconductor/environment interfaces. We also highlight the major contributions and new concepts of integrating molecular functionalities into electrical circuits, which have been neglected in most previous reviews. This review will provide a fundamental understanding of the interplay between the molecular structure, assembly, and emergent functions at the molecular level and consequently offer novel insights into designing a new generation of multifunctional integrated circuits and sensors toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weining Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Gen He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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11
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Manfredi G, Colombo E, Barsotti J, Benfenati F, Lanzani G. Photochemistry of Organic Retinal Prostheses. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2019; 70:99-121. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-042018-052445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organic devices are attracting considerable attention as prostheses for the recovery of retinal light sensitivity lost to retinal degenerative disease. The biotic/abiotic interface created when light-sensitive polymers and living tissues are placed in contact allows excitation of a response in blind laboratory rats exposed to visual stimuli. Although polymer retinal prostheses have proved to be efficient, their working mechanism is far from being fully understood. In this review article, we discuss the results of the studies conducted on these kinds of polymer devices and compare them with the data found in the literature for inorganic retinal prostheses, where the working mechanisms are better comprehended. This comparison, which tries to set some reference values and figures of merit, is intended for use as a starting point to determine the direction for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Manfredi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy;,
| | - Elisabetta Colombo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genoa, Italy;,
| | - Jonathan Barsotti
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy;,
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genoa, Italy;,
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milan, Italy;,
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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12
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Perinot A, Caironi M. Accessing MHz Operation at 2 V with Field-Effect Transistors Based on Printed Polymers on Plastic. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801566. [PMID: 30828529 PMCID: PMC6382309 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Organic printed electronics are suitable for the development of wearable, lightweight, distributed applications in combination with cost-effective production processes. Nonetheless, some necessary features for several envisioned disruptive mass-produced products are still lacking: among these radio-frequency (RF) communication capability, which requires high operational speed combined with low supply voltage in electronic devices processed on cheap plastic foils. Here, it is demonstrated that high-frequency, low-voltage, polymer field-effect transistors can be fabricated on plastic with the sole use of a combination of scalable printing and digital laser-based techniques. These devices reach an operational frequency in excess of 1 MHz at the challengingly low bias voltage of 2 V, and exceed 14 MHz operation at 7 V. In addition, when integrated into a rectifying circuit, they can provide a DC voltage at an input frequency of 13.56 MHz, opening the way for the implementation of RF devices and tags with cost-effective production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perinot
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMiIstituto Italiano di Tecnologiavia Giovanni Pascoli 70/320133MilanItaly
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMiIstituto Italiano di Tecnologiavia Giovanni Pascoli 70/320133MilanItaly
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13
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Matsidik R, Giorgio M, Luzio A, Caironi M, Komber H, Sommer M. A Defect-Free Naphthalene Diimide Bithiazole Copolymer via Regioselective Direct Arylation Polycondensation. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rukiya Matsidik
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry; University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Michele Giorgio
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Via Pascoli 70/3 20133 Milano Italy
- Dipartimento di Elettronica; Informazione e Bioingegneria; Politecnico di Milano; Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci, 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandro Luzio
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Via Pascoli 70/3 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Via Pascoli 70/3 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.; Hohe Straße 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry; University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
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14
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Yuan Z, Buckley C, Thomas S, Zhang G, Bargigia I, Wang G, Fu B, Silva C, Brédas JL, Reichmanis E. A Thiazole–Naphthalene Diimide Based n-Channel Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymer. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gang Wang
- The Materials Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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15
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Patel BB, Diao Y. Multiscale assembly of solution-processed organic electronics: the critical roles of confinement, fluid flow, and interfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:044004. [PMID: 29176055 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9d7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting small molecules and polymers provide a rich phase space for investigating the fundamentals of molecular and hierarchical assembly. Stemming from weak intermolecular interactions, their assembly sensitively depends on processing conditions, which in turn drastically modulate their electronic properties. Much work has gone into molecular design strategies that maximize intermolecular interactions and encourage close packing. Less understood, however, is the non-equilibrium assembly that occurs during the fabrication process (especially solution coating and printing) which is critical to determining thin film morphology across length scales. This encompasses polymorphism and molecular packing at molecular scale, assembly of π-bonding aggregates at the tens of nanometers scale, and the formation of domains at the micron-millimeter device scale. Here, we discuss three phenomena ubiquitous in solution processing of organic electronic thin films: the confinement effect, fluid flows, and interfacial assembly and the role they play in directing assembly. This review focuses on the mechanistic understanding of how assembly outcomes couple closely to the solution processing environment, supported by salient examples from the recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijal B Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
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16
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Meyer DL, Matsidik R, Huettner S, Sommer M, Biskup T. Solvent-mediated aggregate formation of PNDIT2: decreasing the available conformational subspace by introducing locally highly ordered domains. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2716-2723. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07725d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved EPR spectroscopy proves aggregation of PNDIT2 to introduce highly ordered domains and to change the exciton delocalisation mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Meyer
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Albertstraße 21
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Rukiya Matsidik
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Stefan-Meier-Straße 31
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Sven Huettner
- Universität Bayreuth
- Makromolekulare Chemie
- Universitätsstraße 30
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Stefan-Meier-Straße 31
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
| | - Till Biskup
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Albertstraße 21
- 79104 Freiburg
- Germany
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17
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Zheng YQ, Yao ZF, Lei T, Dou JH, Yang CY, Zou L, Meng X, Ma W, Wang JY, Pei J. Unraveling the Solution-State Supramolecular Structures of Donor-Acceptor Polymers and their Influence on Solid-State Morphology and Charge-Transport Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701072. [PMID: 28977685 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymer self-assembly in solution prior to film fabrication makes solution-state structures critical for their solid-state packing and optoelectronic properties. However, unraveling the solution-state supramolecular structures is challenging, not to mention establishing a clear relationship between the solution-state structure and the charge-transport properties in field-effect transistors. Here, for the first time, it is revealed that the thin-film morphology of a conjugated polymer inherits the features of its solution-state supramolecular structures. A "solution-state supramolecular structure control" strategy is proposed to increase the electron mobility of a benzodifurandione-based oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (BDOPV)-based polymer. It is shown that the solution-state structures of the BDOPV-based conjugated polymer can be tuned such that it forms a 1D rod-like structure in good solvent and a 2D lamellar structure in poor solvent. By tuning the solution-state structure, films with high crystallinity and good interdomain connectivity are obtained. The electron mobility significantly increases from the original value of 1.8 to 3.2 cm2 V-1 s-1 . This work demonstrates that "solution-state supramolecular structure" control is critical for understanding and optimization of the thin-film morphology and charge-transport properties of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jin-Hu Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chi-Yuan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Xiangyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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18
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Matsidik R, Luzio A, Askin Ö, Fazzi D, Sepe A, Steiner U, Komber H, Caironi M, Sommer M. Highly Planarized Naphthalene Diimide-Bifuran Copolymers with Unexpected Charge Transport Performance. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 29:5473-5483. [PMID: 28890605 PMCID: PMC5584907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and charge transport performance of novel copolymers PNDIFu2 made from alternating naphthalene diimide (NDI) and bifuran (Fu2) units are reported. Usage of potentially biomass-derived Fu2 as alternating repeat unit enables flattened polymer backbones due to reduced steric interactions between the imide oxygens and Fu2 units, as seen by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and UV-vis spectroscopy. Aggregation of PNDIFu2 in solution is enhanced if compared to the analogous NDI-bithiophene (T2) copolymers PNDIT2, occurring in all solvents and temperatures probed. PNDIFu2 features a smaller π-π stacking distance of 0.35 nm compared to 0.39 nm seen for PNDIT2. Alignment of aggregates in films is achieved by using off-center spin coating, whereby PNDIFu2 exhibits a stronger dichroic ratio and transport anisotropy in field-effect transistors (FET) compared to PNDIT2, with an overall good electron mobility of 0.21 cm2/(V s). Despite an enhanced backbone planarity, the smaller π-π stacking and the enhanced charge transport anisotropy, the electron mobility of PNDIFu2 is about three times lower compared to PNDIT2. Density functional theory calculations suggest that charge transport in PNDIFu2 is limited by enhanced polaron localization compared to PNDIT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukiya Matsidik
- Universität
Freiburg, Institut für Makromolekulare
Chemie, Stefan-Meier-Str.
31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger
Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Luzio
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Özge Askin
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung (MPI-KOFO), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alessandro Sepe
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz
Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michael Sommer
- Universität
Freiburg, Institut für Makromolekulare
Chemie, Stefan-Meier-Str.
31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburger
Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- FIT
Freiburger
Zentrum für interaktive Werkstoffe und bioinspirierte Technologien, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Jeon SJ, Nam SJ, Han YW, Lee TH, Moon DK. Molecular design through computational simulation on the benzo[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene-based highly ordered donor material for efficient polymer solar cells. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00292k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers have been proved to be excellent candidates for efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 05029
- Korea
| | - Seung Jun Nam
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 05029
- Korea
| | - Yong Woon Han
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 05029
- Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 05029
- Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory
- Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering
- Konkuk University
- Seoul 05029
- Korea
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20
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Billeci F, D'Anna F, Chiarotto I, Feroci M, Marullo S. The anion impact on the self-assembly of naphthalene diimide diimidazolium salts. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly behavior of naphthalene diimide diimidazolium salts was analyzed as a function of their anions. Changes in the anion nature significantly impact the properties of aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Billeci
- Dipartimento STEBICEF – Sezione di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Viale delle Scienze
- Ed. 17 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | - Francesca D'Anna
- Dipartimento STEBICEF – Sezione di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Viale delle Scienze
- Ed. 17 90128 Palermo
- Italy
| | | | - Marta Feroci
- Dipartimento SBAI
- Università Sapienza di Roma
- 00161 Roma
- Italy
| | - Salvatore Marullo
- Dipartimento STEBICEF – Sezione di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Viale delle Scienze
- Ed. 17 90128 Palermo
- Italy
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21
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Perinot A, Kshirsagar P, Malvindi MA, Pompa PP, Fiammengo R, Caironi M. Direct-written polymer field-effect transistors operating at 20 MHz. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38941. [PMID: 27941844 PMCID: PMC5150525 DOI: 10.1038/srep38941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Printed polymer electronics has held for long the promise of revolutionizing technology by delivering distributed, flexible, lightweight and cost-effective applications for wearables, healthcare, diagnostic, automation and portable devices. While impressive progresses have been registered in terms of organic semiconductors mobility, field-effect transistors (FETs), the basic building block of any circuit, are still showing limited speed of operation, thus limiting their real applicability. So far, attempts with organic FETs to achieve the tens of MHz regime, a threshold for many applications comprising the driving of high resolution displays, have relied on the adoption of sophisticated lithographic techniques and/or complex architectures, undermining the whole concept. In this work we demonstrate polymer FETs which can operate up to 20 MHz and are fabricated by means only of scalable printing techniques and direct-writing methods with a completely mask-less procedure. This is achieved by combining a fs-laser process for the sintering of high resolution metal electrodes, thus easily achieving micron-scale channels with reduced parasitism down to 0.19 pF mm-1, and a large area coating technique of a high mobility polymer semiconductor, according to a simple and scalable process flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perinot
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, Italy
| | - Prakash Kshirsagar
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Ada Malvindi
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Fiammengo
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, 73010 Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, Milano, Italy
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22
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Wang S, Sun H, Ail U, Vagin M, Persson POÅ, Andreasen JW, Thiel W, Berggren M, Crispin X, Fazzi D, Fabiano S. Thermoelectric Properties of Solution-Processed n-Doped Ladder-Type Conducting Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10764-10771. [PMID: 27787927 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ladder-type "torsion-free" conducting polymers (e.g., polybenzimidazobenzophenanthroline (BBL)) can outperform "structurally distorted" donor-acceptor polymers (e.g., P(NDI2OD-T2)), in terms of conductivity and thermoelectric power factor. The polaron delocalization length is larger in BBL than in P(NDI2OD-T2), resulting in a higher measured polaron mobility. Structure-function relationships are drawn, setting material-design guidelines for the next generation of conducting thermoelectric polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhao Wang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Hengda Sun
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Ujwala Ail
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Vagin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Per O Å Persson
- Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jens W Andreasen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Xavier Crispin
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
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23
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Gayathri HN, Kumar B, Suresh KA, Bisoyi HK, Kumar S. Charge transport in a liquid crystalline triphenylene polymer monolayer at air-solid interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12101-7. [PMID: 27075432 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared a monolayer of a novel liquid crystalline polymer derived from 2,6-dihydroxy-3,7,10,11-tetraalkoxy-triphenylene (PHAT) at an air-water interface and transferred it onto freshly cleaved mica as well as gold coated mica substrates by the Langmuir-Blodgett (L-B) technique. The atomic force microscope (AFM) images of these L-B films show a uniform coverage with a thickness of 1.5 nm. Electrical conductivity measurements were carried out on the PHAT monolayer deposited on the gold coated mica substrate using a current sensing AFM (CSAFM). The gold substrate-PHAT monolayer-cantilever tip of CSAFM forms a metal-insulator-metal (M-I-M) junction. The CSAFM yields a non-linear current-voltage (I-V) curve for the M-I-M junction. The analysis of the I-V characteristics of the M-I-M junction indicated that the charge transport in the liquid crystalline polymer monolayer is by the direct tunneling mechanism. The barrier height for the PHAT monolayer was estimated to be 1.22 ± 0.02 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Gayathri
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, P. B. No: 1329, Jalahalli, Bangalore - 560 013, India.
| | - Bharat Kumar
- School of Physical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi - 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - K A Suresh
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, P. B. No: 1329, Jalahalli, Bangalore - 560 013, India.
| | - H K Bisoyi
- Raman Research Institute, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore - 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore - 560080, India
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24
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Anton AM, Steyrleuthner R, Kossack W, Neher D, Kremer F. Spatial Orientation and Order of Structure-Defining Subunits in Thin Films of a High Mobility n-Type Copolymer. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wilhelm Kossack
- Institut
für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Kremer
- Institut
für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Radaram B, Levine M. Rationally Designed Supramolecular Organic Hosts for Benzo[a]pyrene Binding and Detection. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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