1
|
Ma X, Wang Z, Yue Y, Gao M, Ma F, Yan XW. Robust Ferromagnetism in Hexagonal Honeycomb Transition Metal Nitride Monolayer. Molecules 2024; 29:2322. [PMID: 38792183 PMCID: PMC11124066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional intrinsic magnetic materials with high Curie temperature are promising candidates for next-generation spintronic devices. In this work, we design two kinds of two-dimensional transition metal nitrides, VN2 and FeN2, both with a hexagonal honeycomb lattice. Based on the formation energy, and phonon spectra calculations as well as the molecular dynamics simulations, their structural stability is demonstrated. Then, we determine the ferromagnetic ground states of VN2 and FeN2 monolayers through the energy calculations, and the Curie temperatures of 222 K and 238 K are estimated by solving the Heisenberg model using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Hence, the VN2 and FeN2 monolayers are demonstrated to be new two-dimensional ferromagnetic materials with high temperature ferromagnetism or large-gap half-metallicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ma
- College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zengqian Wang
- College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yuanfang Yue
- College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Miao Gao
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fengjie Ma
- The Center for Advanced Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics (Ministry of Education), Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xun-Wang Yan
- College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang Y, Sun H, Li X, Zhu L, Bi M, Du Z, Huang C, Wu F. Multiferroicity driven by single-atom adsorption on the two-dimensional semiconductor ScCl 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14062-14070. [PMID: 38686605 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00863d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) transition metal halides (such as CrI3) have received more and more attention for the practical applications of spintronic devices due to their unique electronic and magnetic properties. However, most 2D transition metal halides are centrosymmetric and are non-polar, which hinders their applications on nonvolatile memories. Here, on the basis of first-principles calculations, we predict that the adsorption of K single-atoms on the ScCl3 monolayer (denoted as K@ScCl3) could break the structural centrosymmetry and induce a reversible large out-of-plane electric polarization. Simultaneously, the adsorption of K single-atoms induces a magnetic moment localized on Sc ions, which forms a ferromagnetic order with an estimated Curie temperature of ∼37 K. These make the K@ScCl3 monolayer a ferromagnetic ferroelectric semiconductor. These findings propose a new route to realize 2D multiferroic materials, which is of great significance for the research and development of spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Huasheng Sun
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Leichuang Zhu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Menghao Bi
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengxiao Du
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Chengxi Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, and Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Wu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yi Y, Han J, Li Z, Cao S, Zhang Z. Inducing abundant magnetic phases and enhancing magnetic stability by edge modifications and physical regulations for NiI 2 nanoribbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5045-5058. [PMID: 38258528 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04536f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Recently, a magnetic semiconducting NiI2 monolayer was successfully fabricated. To obtain richer magneto-electronic properties and find new physics for NiI2, we studied the zigzag-type NiI2 nanoribbon (ZNiI2NR) with edges modified by different concentrations of H and/or O atoms. Results show that these ribbons hold a higher energy stability, thermal stability, and magnetic stability, and the Curie temperature can be increased to 143 from 15 K for the bare-edged ribbons. They feature a half-semiconductor, bipolar magnetic semiconductor, or half-metal, depending on the edge-terminated atomic species and concentrations, and are closely related to the ribbon edge states, impurity bands or hybridized bands. By applying strain or an electric field, ribbons can achieve a reversible multi-magnetic phase transition among a bipolar magnetic semiconductor, half-semiconductor, half-metal, and magnetic metal. This is because strain changes the Ni-I bond length, resulting in a variation of bond configurations (weight of ionic and covalent bonds) and the number of unpaired electrons. The compressive strain can increase the Curie temperature because it makes the edged Ni-I-Ni bond angle closer to 90°, leading to the FM d-p-d superexchange interaction being increased. The electric field varies the magnetic phase because it alters the electrostatic potential of the ribbon edges, and the Curie temperature is enhanced under the electric field because the ribbon is changed to a metallic state (half-metal or magnetic metal), in which the magnetic Ni atoms satisfy the Stoner criterion and hold a large magnetic exchange coefficient and electron state density at the Fermi surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Jianing Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Zhanhai Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Shengguo Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials Genome Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen H, Yan L, Wang XL, Xie JJ, Lv J, Wu HS. Computational Discovery of High-Temperature Ferromagnetic Semiconductor Monolayer H-MnN 2. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1389-1397. [PMID: 38222525 PMCID: PMC10785093 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In the past few years, two-dimensional (2D) high-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor (FMS) materials with novelty and excellent properties have attracted much attention due to their potential in spintronics applications. In this work, using first-principles calculations, we predict that the H-MnN2 monolayer with the H-MoS2-type structure is a stable intrinsic FMS with an indirect band gap of 0.79 eV and a high Curie temperature (Tc) of 380 K. The monolayer also has a considerable in-plane magnetic anisotropy energy (IMAE) of 1005.70 μeV/atom, including a magnetic shape anisotropy energy induced by the dipole-dipole interaction (shape-MAE) of 168.37 μeV/atom and a magnetic crystalline anisotropy energy resulting from spin-orbit coupling (SOC-MAE) of 837.33 μeV/atom. Further, based on the second-order perturbation theory, its in-plane SOC-MAE of 837.33 μeV/atom is revealed to mainly derive from the couplings of Mn-dxz,dyz and Mn-dx2-y2,dxy orbitals through Lz in the same spin channel. In addition, the biaxial strain and carrier doping can effectively tune the monolayer's magnetic and electronic properties. Such as, under the hole and few electrons doping, the transition from semiconductor to half-metal can be realized, and its Tc can go up to 520 and 620 K under 5% tensile strain and 0.3 hole doping, respectively. Therefore, our research will provide a new, promising 2D FMS for spintronics devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xu-li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Molecules
and Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal
University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing-jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Molecules
and Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal
University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Molecules
and Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal
University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Hai-shun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic
Molecules
and Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal
University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Niraula G, Wu C, Yu X, Malik S, Verma DS, Yang R, Zhao B, Ding S, Zhang W, Sharma SK. The Curie temperature: a key playmaker in self-regulated temperature hyperthermia. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:286-331. [PMID: 37955235 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The Curie temperature is an important thermo-characteristic of magnetic materials, which causes a phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic by changing the spontaneous re-arrangement of their spins (intrinsic magnetic mechanism) due to an increase in temperature. The self-control-temperature (SCT) leads to the conversion of ferro/ferrimagnetic materials to paramagnetic materials, which can extend the temperature-based applications of these materials from industrial nanotechnology to the biomedical field. In this case, magnetic induction hyperthermia (MIH) with self-control-temperature has been proposed as a physical thermo-therapeutic method for killing cancer tumors in a biologically safe environment. Specifically, the thermal source of MIH is magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and thus their biocompatibility and Curie temperature are two important properties, where the former is required for their clinical application, while the latter acts as a switch to automatically control the temperature of MIH. In this review, we focus on the Curie temperature of magnetic materials and provide a complete overview beginning with basic magnetism and its inevitable relation with Curie's law, theoretical prediction and experimental measurement of the Curie temperature. Furthermore, we discuss the significance, evolution from different types of alloys to ferrites and impact of the shape, size, and concentration of particles on the Curie temperature considering the proposed SCT-based MIH together with their biocompatibility. Also, we highlight the thermal efficiency of MNPs in destroying tumor cells and the significance of a low Curie temperature. Finally, the challenges, concluding remarks, and future perspectives in promoting self-control-temperature based MIH to clinical application are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Niraula
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Chengwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaogang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Sonia Malik
- LBLGC, University of Orléans, 1 Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, 45067 Orleans, France
| | - Dalip Singh Verma
- Department of Physics & Astronomical Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, 176215, India
| | - Rengpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Boxiong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Shuaiwen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Surender Kumar Sharma
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, 65080-805, Brazil.
- Department of Physics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han R, Xue X, Yan Y. Hole-Doping-Induced Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and High Curie Temperature in a CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I) Semiconductor Monolayer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3105. [PMID: 38133001 PMCID: PMC10745588 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a high Curie temperature (TC) are crucial for the application of two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic ferromagnets to spintronic devices. Here, we investigated the electronic and magnetic properties of carrier-doped Van der Waals layered CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I) ferromagnets using first-principles calculations. It was found that hole doping can increase the magnitude of the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) and change the orientation of the easy magnetization axis at small doping amounts of 2.37 × 1013, 3.98 × 1012, and 3.33 × 1012/cm2 for CrSCl, CrSBr, and CrSI monolayers, respectively. The maximum values of the MAE reach 57, 133, and 1597 μeV/u.c. for the critical hole-doped CrSCl, CrSBr, and CrSI with spin orientation along the (001) direction, respectively. Furthermore, the Fermi energy level of lightly hole-doped CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I) moves into the spin-up valence band, leading to the CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I) magnetic semiconductor monolayer becoming first a half-metal and then a metal. In addition, the TC can also be increased up to 305, 317, and 345 K for CrSCl, CrSBr, and CrSI monolayers at doping amounts of 5.94 × 1014, 5.78 × 1014, and 5.55 × 1014/cm2, respectively. These properties suggest that the hole-doping process can render 2D CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers remarkable materials for application to electrically controlled spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Han
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Yu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He W, Yin Y, Gong Q, Evans RFL, Gutfleisch O, Xu BX, Yi M, Guo W. Giant Magnetocaloric Effect in Magnets Down to the Monolayer Limit. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300333. [PMID: 37150875 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
2D magnets can potentially revolutionize information technology, but their potential application to cooling technology and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in a material down to the monolayer limit remain unexplored. Herein, it is revealed through multiscale calculations the existence of giant MCE and its strain tunability in monolayer magnets such as CrX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I), CrAX (A = O, S, Se; X = F, Cl, Br, I), and Fe3 GeTe2 . The maximum adiabatic temperature change (Δ T ad max $\Delta T_{{\rm{ad}}}^{\max }$ ), maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change, and specific cooling power in monolayer CrF3 are found as high as 11 K, 35 µJ m-2 K-1 , and 3.5 nW cm-2 under a magnetic field of 5 T, respectively. A 2% biaxial and 5% a-axis uniaxial compressive strain can remarkably increaseΔ T ad max $\Delta T_{{\rm{ad}}}^{\max }$ of CrCl3 and CrOF by 230% and 37% (up to 15.3 and 6.0 K), respectively. It is found that large net magnetic moment per unit area favors improved MCE. These findings advocate the giant-MCE monolayer magnets, opening new opportunities for magnetic cooling at nanoscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures & Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education & Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Yan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures & Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education & Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Qihua Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures & Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education & Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, 210016, China
| | | | - Oliver Gutfleisch
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bai-Xiang Xu
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Min Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures & Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education & Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures & Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education & Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (NUAA), Nanjing, 210016, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren H, Xiang G. Strain Engineering of Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in 2D van der Waals Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2378. [PMID: 37630963 PMCID: PMC10459406 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the low-temperature, long-range ferromagnetic order in monolayers Cr2Ge2Te6 and CrI3, many efforts have been made to achieve a room temperature (RT) ferromagnet. The outstanding deformation ability of two-dimensional (2D) materials provides an exciting way to mediate their intrinsic ferromagnetism (FM) with strain engineering. Here, we summarize the recent progress of strain engineering of intrinsic FM in 2D van der Waals materials. First, we introduce how to explain the strain-mediated intrinsic FM on Cr-based and Fe-based 2D van der Waals materials through ab initio Density functional theory (DFT), and how to calculate magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) and Curie temperature (TC) from the interlayer exchange coupling J. Subsequently, we focus on numerous attempts to apply strain to 2D materials in experiments, including wrinkle-induced strain, flexible substrate bending or stretching, lattice mismatch, electrostatic force and field-cooling. Last, we emphasize that this field is still in early stages, and there are many challenges that need to be overcome. More importantly, strengthening the guideline of strain-mediated FM in 2D van der Waals materials will promote the development of spintronics and straintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Hunan Road No. 1, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Gang Xiang
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road No. 29, Chengdu 610064, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guan X, Zhang Y, Long X, Zhu GJ, Cao J. Tuning magnetocrystalline anisotropy by controlling the orbital electronic configuration of two-dimensional magnetic materials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2501-2507. [PMID: 37143799 PMCID: PMC10153100 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00003f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A suitable magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) is a key factor for magnetic materials. However, an effective MAE control method has not yet been achieved. In this study, we propose a novel strategy to manipulate MAE by rearranging the d-orbitals of metal atoms with oxygen functionalized metallophthalocyanine (MPc) by first-principles calculations. By the dual regulation of electric field and atomic adsorption, we have achieved a substantial amplification of the single regulation method. The use of O atoms to modify the metallophthalocyanine (MPc) sheets effectively adjusts the orbital arrangement of the electronic configuration in the d-orbitals of the transition metal near the Fermi level, thereby modulating the MAE of the structure. More importantly, the electric field amplifies the effect of electric-field regulation by adjusting the distance between the O atom and metal atom. Our results demonstrate a new approach to modulating the MAE of two-dimensional magnetic films for practical application in information storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Guan
- Department of Physics, Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University Hunan 411105 China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Physics and Information Technology, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences Baoji 721016 China
| | - Xia Long
- Department of Physics, Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University Hunan 411105 China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhu
- Department of Physics, Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University Hunan 411105 China
- Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Juexian Cao
- Department of Physics, Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University Hunan 411105 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen Z, Liu X, Li X, Gao P, Li Z, Zhu W, Wang H, Li X. Large tunneling magnetoresistance in spin-filtering 1T-MnSe 2/h-BN van der Waals magnetic tunnel junction. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:8447-8455. [PMID: 37097089 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), one of the most prominent spintronic devices, has been widely utilized for memory and computation systems. Electrical writing is considered as a practical method to enhance the performance of MTJs with high circuit integration density and ultralow-power consumption. Meanwhile, a large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), especially at the non-equilibrium state, is desirable for the improvement of the sensitivity and stability of MTJ devices. However, achieving both aspects efficiently is still challenging. Here, we propose a two-dimensional (2D) MTJ of 1T-MnSe2/h-BN/1T-MnSe2/h-BN/1T-MnSe2 with efficient electrical writing, reliable reading operations and high potential to work at room temperature. First, for this proposed MTJ with a symmetrical structure and an antiparallel magnetic state, the degeneracy of the energy could be broken by an electric field, resulting in a 180° magnetization reversal. A first principles study confirms that the magnetization of the center 1T-MnSe2 layer could be reversed by changing the direction of the electric field, when the magnetic configurations of the two outer 1T-MnSe2 layers are fixed in the antiparallel state. Furthermore, we report a theoretical spin-related transport investigation of the MTJ at the non-equilibrium state. Thanks to the half-metallicity of 1T-MnSe2, TMR ratios reach very satisfactory values of 2.56 × 103% with the magnetization information written by an electric field at room temperature. In addition, the performance of the TMR effect exhibits good stability even when the bias voltage increases gradually. Our theoretical findings show that this proposed MTJ is a promising high performance spintronic device and could promote the design of ultralow-power spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Department of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Interdisciplinary Center for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangyin, Jiangsu, 214443, China
| | - ZhongJun Li
- Department of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Weiduo Zhu
- Department of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Haidi Wang
- Department of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Xiangyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Basak K, Ghosh M, Chowdhury S, Jana D. Theoretical studies on electronic, magnetic and optical properties of two dimensional transition metal trihalides. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:233001. [PMID: 36854185 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acbffb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two dimensional transition metal trihalides have drawn attention over the years due to their intrinsic ferromagnetism and associated large anisotropy at nanoscale. The interactions involved in these layered structures are of van der Waals types which are important for exfoliation to different thin samples. This enables one to compare the journey of physical properties from bulk structures to monolayer counterpart. In this topical review, the modulation of electronic, magnetic and optical properties by strain engineering, alloying, doping, defect engineering etc have been discussed extensively. The results obtained by first principle density functional theory calculations are verified by recent experimental observations. The relevant experimental synthesis of different morphological transition metal trihalides are highlighted. The feasibility of such routes may indicate other possible heterostructures. Apart from spintronics based applications, transition metal trihalides are potential candidates in sensing and data storage. Moreover, high thermoelectric figure of merit of chromium trihalides at higher temperatures leads to the possibility of multi-purpose applications. We hope this review will give important directions to further research in transition metal trihalide systems having tunable band gap with reduced dimensionalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnanshu Basak
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Mainak Ghosh
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Suman Chowdhury
- S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, JD-III Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700098, India
- Department of Physics, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Debnarayan Jana
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khan I, Hong J. Enhanced Curie temperature in partially decorated CrSnSe 3 monolayer with alkali metals (Li, Na, and K). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9437-9444. [PMID: 36928827 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05747f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A two-dimensional ferromagnetic layer with a large Curie temperature is highly desired for spintronics applications. Herein, we investigated the effect of the partial decoration of the CrSnSe3 monolayer with alkali metals Li, Na, and K on the structure, electronic and magnetic properties. The calculated formation energy, phonon dispersion curves, and ab initio molecular dynamics indicated that the decorated CrSnSe3 layers are stable and can be fabricated. The Li, Na, and K decorated systems display semiconducting band features, with bandgaps of 0.53, 0.55, and 0.55 eV, respectively, with the HSE06 hybrid functional. We found a ferromagnetic ground state and an in-plane magnetic anisotropy of -2.12, -2.42, and -2.39 meV per cell in the Li, Na, and K-decorated systems, respectively. Based on Monte Carlo Simulations, we obtained largely enhanced Curie temperatures of 241, 256, and 265 K in the Li, Na, and K decorated systems, respectively. Our findings suggest that the decorated layers could be used as potential candidates for spintronics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
| | - Jisang Hong
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang Y, Zhang Q, Li YC, Yao Y, Hu Y, Ren S. Chemical Tuning Meets 2D Molecular Magnets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208919. [PMID: 36353899 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
2D magnets provoke a surge of interest in large anisotropy in reduced dimensions and are promising for next-generation information technology where dynamic magnetic tuning is essential. Until recently, the crucial metal-organic magnet Cr(pyz)2 ·xLiCl·yTHF with considerable high coercivity and high-temperature magnetic order opens up a new platform to control magnetism in metal-organic materials at room temperature. Here, an in-situ chemical tuning route is reported to realize the controllable transformation of low-temperature magnetic order into room-temperature hard magnetism in Cr(pyz)2 ·xLiCl·yTHF. The chemical tuning via electrochemical lithiation and solvation/desolvation exhibits continuously variable magnetic features from cryogenic magnetism to the room-temperature optimum performance of coercivity (Hc ) of 8500 Oe and energy product of 0.6 MGOe. Such chemically flexible tunability of room-temperature magnetism is ascribed to the different degrees of lithiation and solvation that modify the stoichiometry and Cr-pyrazine coordination framework. Furthermore, the additively manufactured hybrid magnets show air stability and electromagnetic induction, providing potential applications. The findings here suggest chemical tuning as a universal approach to control the anisotropy and magnetism of 2D hybrid magnets at room temperature, promising for data storage, magnetic refrigeration, and spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Yuguang C Li
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Research and Education in Energy, Environment, and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kazim S, Mastrippolito D, Moras P, Jugovac M, Klimczuk T, Ali M, Ottaviano L, Gunnella R. Synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy of the oxygen modified CrCl 3 surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3806-3814. [PMID: 36645158 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04586a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the experimentally challenging CrCl3 surface by photon energy dependent photoemission (PE). The core and valence electrons after cleavage of a single crystal, either in a ultra-high vacuum (UHV) or in air, are studied by keeping the samples at 150 °C, aiming at confirming the atomic composition with respect to the expected bulk atomic structure. A common spectroscopic denominator revealed by data is the presence of a stable, but only partially ordered Cl-O-Cr surface. The electronic core levels (Cl 2p, Cr 2p and 3p), the latter ones of cumbersome component determination, allowed us to quantify the electron charge transfer to the Cr atom as a net result of this modification and the increased exchange interaction between metal and ligand atoms. In particular, the analysis of multiplet components by the CMT4XPS code evidenced the charge transfer to be favored, and similarly the reduced crystal field due to the established polarization field. Though it is often claimed that a significant amount of Cl and Cr atomic vacancies has to be included, such a possibility can be excluded on the basis of the sign and the importance of the shift in the binding energy of core level electrons. The present methodological approach can be of great impact to quantify the structure of ordered sub-oxide phases occurring in mono or bi-layer Cr trihalides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kazim
- School of Science and Technology Physics Section University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - D Mastrippolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche (DSFC), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - P Moras
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), S.S. 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Jugovac
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), S.S. 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - T Klimczuk
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, and Advanced Materials Centre, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - M Ali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche (DSFC), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,Department of Physics, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Jauharabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - L Ottaviano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche (DSFC), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,CNR-SPIN UoS L' Aquila, Via Vetoio 10, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - R Gunnella
- School of Science and Technology Physics Section University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy. .,INFN-Sez. Perugia, Via Pascoli Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou Z, Li YL, Sun ZG, Wang JF, Chen MY. The enhanced effect of magnetism on the thermoelectric performance of a CrI 3 monolayer. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1032-1041. [PMID: 36515259 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05342j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of magnetism on the thermoelectric (TE) transformation efficiency has recently attracted a lot of attention. A CrI3 monolayer is a two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductor with a Curie temperature of 45 K. In this work, we employed first-principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method and Landauer-Buttiker theory to study the effect of magnetism on the TE performance of a CrI3 monolayer. The stability, electronic structures, density of states (DOS) and TE parameters of a CrI3 monolayer are calculated. Our calculation results indicate that the TE performance of a CrI3 monolayer in a FM state is superior to that in a non-magnetic (NM) state. Namely, magnetism is beneficial to improving the TE performance. To further investigate the physical mechanism, the phonon group velocity, the electronic and phonon transmission spectra and the effective mass of a CrI3 monolayer in FM and NM states are analyzed in detail. For a CrI3 monolayer in a NM state, the maximum ZT value at 40 K is 0.09 and 0.16 for p-type and n-type doping, respectively. Relative to that in a NM state, the maximum ZT of a CrI3 monolayer in a FM state is largely improved, and can reach 0.23 and 1.58 for p-type and n-type doping. Our research provides a valuable reference by showing that magnetism is a possible factor for improving the TE efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Yan-Li Li
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Sun
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
- Laboratory of Magnetic and Electric Functional Materials and the Applications, The Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jia-Fu Wang
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Ming-Yan Chen
- Hongzhiwei Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., 1599 Xinjinqiao Road, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rana APS, Bera C. Theoretical study of Cr 2X 3S 3(X = Br, I) monolayers for thermoelectric and spin caloritronics properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:095704. [PMID: 36541544 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aca67b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High curie temperature 2D materials are important for the progress of the field of spin caloritronics. The spin Seebeck effect and conventional thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) can give a great insight into how these 2D magnetic materials will perform in spin caloritronics applications. Here in this paper, we have systematically studied 2D Janus monolayers based on CrX3monolayers. We obtain a ZT of 0.31 and 0.21 for the Cr2Br3S3and Cr2I3S3Janus monolayers. The spin Seebeck coefficient obtained at room temperature is also very high (∼1570μVK-1in the hole-doped region and ∼1590μVK-1in the electron-doped region). The thermal conductivity of these monolayers (∼22 Wm-1K-1for Cr2Br3S3and ∼16 Wm-1K-1for Cr2I3S3) are also very similar to other 2D semiconductor transition metals chalcogenides. These findings suggest a high potential for these monolayers in the spin caloritronics field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Partap Singh Rana
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, Pin-140306, India
| | - Chandan Bera
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, Pin-140306, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang C, Guo P, Zhou J. Tailoring Bulk Photovoltaic Effects in Magnetic Sliding Ferroelectric Materials. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9297-9305. [PMID: 36441961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The bulk photovoltaic effect that is intimately associated with crystalline symmetry has been extensively studied in various nonmagnetic materials, especially ferroelectrics with a switchable electric polarization. In order to further engineer the symmetry, one could resort to spin-polarized systems possessing an extra magnetic degree of freedom. Here, we investigate the bulk photovoltaic effect in two-dimensional magnetic sliding ferroelectric (MSFE) systems, illustrated in VSe2, FeCl2, and CrI3 bilayers. The transition metal elements in these systems exhibit intrinsic spin polarization, and the stacking mismatch between the two layers produces a finite out-of-plane electric dipole. Through symmetry analyses and first-principles calculations, we show that photoinduced in-plane bulk photovoltaic current can be effectively tuned by their magnetic order and the out-of-plane dipole moment. The underlying mechanism is elucidated from the quantum metric dipole distribution in the reciprocal space. The ease of the fabrication and manipulation of MSFEs guarantee practical optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an710069, China
| | - Ping Guo
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an710069, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pang K, Xu X, Wei Y, Ying T, Li W, Yang J, Li X, Jiang Y, Zhang G, Tian W. Integrating ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in an iron chalcogenide monolayer: a first-principles study. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14231-14239. [PMID: 36128830 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04234g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferro-type materials have received great attention owing to the remarkable polarization effect in optoelectronics and spintronics. Using the first-principles method, the coupling between ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity is investigated in a multiferroic Janus 1T-FeSSe monolayer, which has a strong Stoner ferromagnetic ground state. The magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) is apparently impacted by the out-of-plane asymmetry donated ferroelectricity, which is reflected by the asymmetry of the Z-MAE image. The easy magnetization axis of Janus FeSSe is the +y axis with a large MAE of 0.59 meV, rooting in unpaired d electrons of Fe atoms. The transformation of band splitting and Fermi surface can be effectively engineered by different magnetic polarization directions. The ferromagnetic (FM) coupling of the FeSSe monolayer is very robust under external strain within the range of -6% to 6%, while the strength of magnetic moment of Fe atoms and polarization are easily strain-engineered, the intrinsic mechanism of which can be elaborated by the GKA rules that depend on angles and distances. This multiferroic FeSSe monolayer provides a new platform for exploring the coupling of 2D ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity and designing low-dimensional multiferroic electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijuan Pang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yadong Wei
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tao Ying
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Weiqi Li
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Xi'an, 710024, China
| | - Jianqun Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xingji Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongyuan Jiang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Key Lab of Micro-Optics and Photonic Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guiling Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Weiquan Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ding S, Yan X, Bergara A, Zhang X, Liu Y, Yang G. Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in 2D Fe 2H with a High Curie Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44745-44752. [PMID: 36130179 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of ferromagnetic materials is crucial for the development of spintronic devices. Using first-principles structural search calculations, we have identified 73 two-dimensional transition metal hydrides. Some of them show interesting magnetic properties, even when combined with the characteristics of the electrides. In particular, the P3̅m1 Fe2H monolayer is stabilized in a 1T-MoS2-type structure with a local magnetic moment of 3 μB per Fe atom, whose robust ferromagnetism is attributed to the exchange interaction between neighboring Fe atoms within and between sublayers, leading to a remarkably high Curie temperature of 340 K. On the other hand, it has a large magnetic anisotropic energy and spin-polarization ratio. Interestingly, the above room-temperature ferromagnetism of the Fe2H monolayer is well preserved within a biaxial strain of 5%. The structure and electron property of surface-functionalized Fe2H are also explored. All of these interesting properties make the Fe2H monolayer an attractive candidate for spintronic nanodevices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Aitor Bergara
- Departamento de Física, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology and Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials, Research and Key Laboratory for UV Light-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tenasini G, Soler-Delgado D, Wang Z, Yao F, Dumcenco D, Giannini E, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Moulsdale C, Garcia-Ruiz A, Fal'ko VI, Gutiérrez-Lezama I, Morpurgo AF. Band Gap Opening in Bilayer Graphene-CrCl 3/CrBr 3/CrI 3 van der Waals Interfaces. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6760-6766. [PMID: 35930625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental investigations of transport through bilayer graphene (BLG)/chromium trihalide (CrX3; X = Cl, Br, I) van der Waals interfaces. In all cases, a large charge transfer from BLG to CrX3 takes place (reaching densities in excess of 1013 cm-2), and generates an electric field perpendicular to the interface that opens a band gap in BLG. We determine the gap from the activation energy of the conductivity and find excellent agreement with the latest theory accounting for the contribution of the σ bands to the BLG dielectric susceptibility. We further show that for BLG/CrCl3 and BLG/CrBr3 the band gap can be extracted from the gate voltage dependence of the low-temperature conductivity, and use this finding to refine the gap dependence on the magnetic field. Our results allow a quantitative comparison of the electronic properties of BLG with theoretical predictions and indicate that electrons occupying the CrX3 conduction band are correlated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhe Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | | | | | | | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | | | | | - Vladimir I Fal'ko
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang M, Li F, Ren Y, Hu T, Wan W, Liu Y, Ge Y. Two-dimensional antiferromagnetic semiconductor T'-MoTeI from first principles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:415801. [PMID: 35868294 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional intrinsic antiferromagnetic semiconductors are expected to stand out in the spintronic field. The present work finds the monolayer T'-MoTeI is intrinsically an antiferromagnetic semiconductor by using first-principles calculation. Firstly, the dimerized distortion of the Mo atoms causes T'-MoTeI to have dynamic stability, which is different from the small imaginary frequency in the phonon spectrum of T-MoTeI. Secondly, T'-MoTeI is an indirect-bandgap semiconductor with 1.35 eV. Finally, in the systematic study of strain effects, there are significant changes in the electronic structure as well as the bandgap, but the antiferromagnetic ground state is not affected. Monte Carlo simulations predict that the Néel temperature of T'-MoTeI is 95 K. The results suggest that the monolayer T'-MoTeI can be a potential candidate for spintronics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology & Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Coherent helicity-dependent spin-phonon oscillations in the ferromagnetic van der Waals crystal CrI 3. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4473. [PMID: 35918314 PMCID: PMC9345964 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of two-dimensional systems hosting intrinsic magnetic order represents a seminal addition to the rich landscape of van der Waals materials. CrI3 is an archetypal example, where the interdependence of structure and magnetism, along with strong light-matter interactions, provides a new platform to explore the optical control of magnetic and vibrational degrees of freedom at the nanoscale. However, the nature of magneto-structural coupling on its intrinsic ultrafast timescale remains a crucial open question. Here, we probe magnetic and vibrational dynamics in bulk CrI3 using ultrafast optical spectroscopy, revealing spin-flip scattering-driven demagnetization and strong transient exchange-mediated interactions between lattice vibrations and spin oscillations. The latter yields a coherent spin-coupled phonon mode that is highly sensitive to the driving pulse's helicity in the magnetically ordered phase. Our results elucidate the nature of ultrafast spin-lattice coupling in CrI3 and highlight its potential for applications requiring high-speed control of magnetism at the nanoscale.
Collapse
|
23
|
Devaraj N, Tarafder K. Spin‐Transport through Van der Waals Heterojunctions Based on 2D‐Ferromagnet and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: A Study from First‐Principles Calculations. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Devaraj
- Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Srinivasnagar, Surathkal Mangalore Karnataka 575025 India
| | - Kartick Tarafder
- Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Karnataka Srinivasnagar, Surathkal Mangalore Karnataka 575025 India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang QH, Bedoya-Pinto A, Blei M, Dismukes AH, Hamo A, Jenkins S, Koperski M, Liu Y, Sun QC, Telford EJ, Kim HH, Augustin M, Vool U, Yin JX, Li LH, Falin A, Dean CR, Casanova F, Evans RFL, Chshiev M, Mishchenko A, Petrovic C, He R, Zhao L, Tsen AW, Gerardot BD, Brotons-Gisbert M, Guguchia Z, Roy X, Tongay S, Wang Z, Hasan MZ, Wrachtrup J, Yacoby A, Fert A, Parkin S, Novoselov KS, Dai P, Balicas L, Santos EJG. The Magnetic Genome of Two-Dimensional van der Waals Materials. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6960-7079. [PMID: 35442017 PMCID: PMC9134533 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials has recently emerged as one of the most promising areas in condensed matter research, with many exciting emerging properties and significant potential for applications ranging from topological magnonics to low-power spintronics, quantum computing, and optical communications. In the brief time after their discovery, 2D magnets have blossomed into a rich area for investigation, where fundamental concepts in magnetism are challenged by the behavior of spins that can develop at the single layer limit. However, much effort is still needed in multiple fronts before 2D magnets can be routinely used for practical implementations. In this comprehensive review, prominent authors with expertise in complementary fields of 2D magnetism (i.e., synthesis, device engineering, magneto-optics, imaging, transport, mechanics, spin excitations, and theory and simulations) have joined together to provide a genome of current knowledge and a guideline for future developments in 2D magnetic materials research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hua Wang
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat
de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mark Blei
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Avalon H. Dismukes
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Assaf Hamo
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sarah Jenkins
- Twist
Group,
Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Duisburg, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Yu Liu
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Qi-Chao Sun
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Evan J. Telford
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering
Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of
Technology, Gumi 39177, Korea
| | - Mathias Augustin
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Uri Vool
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John Harvard
Distinguished Science Fellows Program, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jia-Xin Yin
- Laboratory
for Topological Quantum Matter and Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lu Hua Li
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Alexey Falin
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Cory R. Dean
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fèlix Casanova
- CIC nanoGUNE
BRTA, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque
Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Richard F. L. Evans
- Department
of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Mairbek Chshiev
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Spintec, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Artem Mishchenko
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed
Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Rui He
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas Tech University, 910 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United
States
| | - Liuyan Zhao
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Adam W. Tsen
- Institute
for Quantum Computing and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- SUPA, Institute
of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt
University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Zurab Guguchia
- Laboratory
for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer
Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials
Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport
and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - M. Zahid Hasan
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Princeton
Institute for Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Joerg Wrachtrup
- Physikalisches
Institut, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amir Yacoby
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A.
Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Albert Fert
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Department
of Materials Physics UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia - San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Stuart Parkin
- NISE
Department, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure
Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute
for Functional Intelligent Materials, National
University of Singapore, 117544 Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Dai
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luis Balicas
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
- Department
of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang T, Grzeszczyk M, Li J, Yu W, Xu H, He P, Yang L, Qiu Z, Lin H, Yang H, Zeng J, Sun T, Li Z, Wu J, Lin M, Loh KP, Su C, Novoselov KS, Carvalho A, Koperski M, Lu J. Degradation Chemistry and Kinetic Stabilization of Magnetic CrI 3. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5295-5303. [PMID: 35294182 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the intrinsic magnetic order in single-layer chromium trihalides (CrX3, X = I, Br, and Cl) has drawn intensive interest due to their potential application in spintronic devices. However, the notorious environmental instability of this class of materials under ambient conditions renders their device fabrication and practical application extremely challenging. Here, we performed a systematic investigation of the degradation chemistry of chromium iodide (CrI3), the most studied among CrX3 families, via a joint spectroscopic and microscopic analysis of the structural and composition evolution of bulk and exfoliated nanoflakes in different environments. Unlike other air-sensitive 2D materials, CrI3 undergoes a pseudo-first-order hydrolysis in the presence of pure water toward the formation of amorphous Cr(OH)3 and hydrogen iodide (HI) with a rate constant of kI = 0.63 day-1 without light. In contrast, a faster pseudo-first-order surface oxidation of CrI3 occurs in a pure O2 environment, generating CrO3 and I2 with a large rate constant of kCr = 4.2 day-1. Both hydrolysis and surface oxidation of CrI3 can be accelerated via light irradiation, resulting in its ultrafast degradation in air. The new chemical insights obtained allow for the design of an effective stabilization strategy for CrI3 with preserved optical and magnetic properties. The use of organic acid solvents (e.g., formic acid) as reversible capping agents ensures that CrI3 nanoflakes remain stable beyond 1 month due to the effective suppression of both hydrolysis and oxidation of CrI3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiming Zhang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Magdalena Grzeszczyk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.,Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Haomin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Peng He
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhizhan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - HuiHui Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Huimin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zejun Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chenliang Su
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kostya S Novoselov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.,Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Alexandra Carvalho
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Maciej Koperski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore.,Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang S, Wu H, Yang L, Zhang G, Xie Y, Zhang L, Zhang W, Chang H. Two-dimensional magnetic atomic crystals. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:559-576. [PMID: 34779810 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic crystals show many fascinating physical properties and have potential device applications in many fields. In this paper, the preparation, physical properties and device applications of 2D magnetic atomic crystals are reviewed. First, three preparation methods are presented, including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and single-crystal exfoliation. Second, physical properties of 2D magnetic atomic crystals, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, magnetic regulation and anomalous Hall effect are presented. Third, the application of 2D magnetic atomic crystals in heterojunctions reluctance and other aspects are briefly introduced. Finally, the future development direction and possible challenges of 2D magnetic atomic crystals are briefly addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanfei Zhang
- Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Gaojie Zhang
- Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuanmiao Xie
- School of Microelectronics and Materials Engineering and School of Science, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Microelectronics and Materials Engineering and School of Science, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haixin Chang
- Center for Joining and Electronic Packaging, State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Qiao W, Jin D, Mi W, Wang D, Yan S, Xu X, Zhou T. Large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of transition metal dimers driven by polarization switching of two-dimensional ferroelectric In2Se3 substrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21966-21974. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01864k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (MA) is highly desirable for realizing atomic-scale magnetic data storage which represents the ultimate limit of the density of magnetic recording. In this work, we study...
Collapse
|
28
|
Bandyopadhyay A, Bacaksiz C, He J, Frauenheim T. Tuning Magnetic Anisotropy in Two-Dimensional Metal-Semiconductor Janus van der Waals Heterostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11308-11315. [PMID: 34780181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the family of 2D materials, atomically thin magnetic systems are relatively new and highly exploitable. Understanding the spin symmetry in such materials has opened a new path toward controlling the magnetic texture. In this study, we have shown that the plethora of different interface formations in the Janus or pure metal-semiconductor-based van der Waals heterostructures 1T-VXY (X, Y = S, Se, Te)-Cr2A3B3 (A, B = I, Cl, Br) allows us to explore and modify the spin-orbit and ligand-metal interactions to fine-tune magnetic anisotropy and different spin symmetries in these systems. We have utilized the interlayer interactions to modulate spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in heterolayers to regulate the magnetic anisotropy in such systems. We have compared systems with the same compositions and different interfaces, for example, Janus VSTe-Janus Cr2I3Br3 and Janus VTeS-Janus Cr2I3Br3, to show that the first one is an Ising ferromagnet, whereas the second one is an XY ferromagnet because of the SOC effect of the heavy ligand atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkamita Bandyopadhyay
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Cihan Bacaksiz
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Junjie He
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry & Charles University Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center (CSRC), Beijing 100193, China
- Shenzhen Computational Science and Applied Research (CSAR) Institute, Shenzhen 518110, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Coughlin AL, Xie D, Zhan X, Yao Y, Deng L, Hewa-Walpitage H, Bontke T, Chu CW, Li Y, Wang J, Fertig HA, Zhang S. Van der Waals Superstructure and Twisting in Self-Intercalated Magnet with Near Room-Temperature Perpendicular Ferromagnetism. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:9517-9525. [PMID: 34729982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of van der Waals (vdW) magnets has created unprecedented opportunities to manipulate magnetism for advanced spintronics based upon all-vdW heterostructures. Among various vdW magnets, Cr1+δTe2 possesses high temperature ferromagnetism along with possible topological spin textures. As this system can support self-intercalation in the vdW gap, it is crucial to precisely pinpoint the exact intercalation to understand the intrinsic magnetism of the system. Here, we developed an iterative method to determine the self-intercalated structures and show evidence of vdW "superstructures" in individual Cr1+δTe2 nanoplates exhibiting magnetic behaviors distinct from bulk chromium tellurides. Among 26,332 possible configurations, we unambiguously identified the Cr-intercalated structure as 3-fold symmetry broken Cr1.5Te2 segmented by vdW gaps. Moreover, a twisted Cr-intercalated layered structure is observed. The spontaneous formation of twisted vdW "superstructures" not only provides insight into the diverse magnetic properties of intercalated vdW magnets but may also add complementary building blocks to vdW-based spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Coughlin
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dongyue Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Xun Zhan
- Electron Microscope Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yue Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Liangzi Deng
- Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Heshan Hewa-Walpitage
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Trevor Bontke
- Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Ching-Wu Chu
- Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Herbert A Fertig
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Shixiong Zhang
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao Y, Liu H, Gao J, Zhao J. Transition of CrI 2 from a two-dimensional network to one-dimensional chain at the monolayer limit. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25291-25297. [PMID: 34735565 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03789g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) magnets show promising applications in spintronic devices and appeal increasing attention. CrI2, a counterpart of CrI3, is a magnetic van der Waals crystal. However, the structure of CrI2 at the monolayer limit is not well studied. Here, based on the density functional theory, we revealed the relationship between different phases of CrI2 monolayer and proposed a novel and stable chain structure. The one-dimensional (1D) CrI2 chain is a ferromagnetic semiconductor with robust electronic properties against twisting and tensile strain. Interestingly, the CrI2 chain exhibits superelasticity with a failure strain as large as 39%. In addition, both the magnetic moments on Cr atoms and the exchange energy increase with an increase in the tensile strain. Our results push magnetic ordering from 2D to 1D, which shows possible application prospects in magnetoelectric and spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Analysis of Ionicity-Magnetism Competition in 2D-MX3 Halides towards a Low-Dimensional Materials Study Based on GPU-Enabled Computational Systems. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112967. [PMID: 34835730 PMCID: PMC8623668 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The acceleration of parallel high-throughput first-principle calculations in the context of 3D (three dimensional) periodic boundary conditions for low-dimensional systems, and particularly 2D materials, is an important issue for new material design. Where the scalability rapidly deflated due to the use of large void unit cells along with a significant number of atoms, which should mimic layered structures in the vacuum space. In this report, we explored the scalability and performance of the Quantum ESPRESSO package in the hybrid central processing unit - graphics processing unit (CPU-GPU) environment. The study carried out in the comparison to CPU-based systems for simulations of 2D magnets where significant improvement of computational speed was achieved based on the IBM ESSL SMP CUDA library. As an example of physics-related results, we have computed and discussed the ionicity-covalency and related ferro- (FM) and antiferro-magnetic (AFM) exchange competitions computed for some CrX3 compounds. Further, it has been demonstrated how this exchange interplay leads to high-order effects for the magnetism of the 1L-RuCl3 compound.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wu Y, Sun W, Liu S, Wang B, Liu C, Yin H, Cheng Z. Ni(NCS) 2 monolayer: a robust bipolar magnetic semiconductor. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16564-16570. [PMID: 34585189 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Searching for experimentally feasible intrinsic two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductors is of great significance for applications of nanoscale spintronic devices. Here, based on the first-principles calculations, an Ni(NCS)2 monolayer was systematically investigated. The results showed that the Ni(NCS)2 monolayer was a robust bipolar ferromagnetic semiconductor with a moderate bandgap of ∼1.5 eV. Based on the Monte Carlo simulation, its Curie temperature was about 37 K. Interestingly, the Ni(NCS)2 monolayer remains ferromagnetic ordering when strain and electron doping were applied. However, ferromagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic phase transition occurred when high concentrations of holes were doped. Besides, the Ni(NCS)2 monolayer is confirmed to be potentially exfoliated from its bulk forms due to its small exfoliated energy. Finally, the Ni(NCS)2 monolayer's thermodynamic, dynamic, and mechanical stabilities were confirmed by the phonon spectrum calculation, ab initio molecular dynamics simulation and elastic constants calculation, respectively. The results showed that the Ni(NCS)2 monolayer, as a novel 2D ferromagnetic candidate material of new magnetic molecular framework materials, may have a promising potential for magnetic nanoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Wu
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China.
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, 475004, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, 475004, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabing Yin
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, 475004, Kaifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Cheng
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kong X, Yoon H, Han MJ, Liang L. Switching interlayer magnetic order in bilayer CrI 3 by stacking reversal. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:16172-16181. [PMID: 34545388 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CrI3, a hot two-dimensional (2D) magnet, exhibits complex magnetism depending on the number of layers and interlayer stacking patterns. For bilayer CrI3, the interlayer magnetism can be tuned between ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) order by manipulating the stacking order. However, the stacking is mostly modified through translation between the layers, while the effect of rotation between the layers on the interlayer magnetic order has not yet been fully investigated. Here, we considered three energetically stable stacking patterns R3̄, C2/m and AA in bilayer CrI3, and their reversed counterparts R3̄-r, C2/m-r and AA-r through rotating one layer by 180° with respect to the other layer. Our first-principles calculations suggest that the interlayer magnetic ground state can be switched from AFM to FM (or FM to AFM) by reversing the stacking pattern. A detailed microscopic analysis was carried out by magnetic force theory calculations on C2/m stacking which favors AFM and C2/m-r stacking which favors FM. The interlayer magnetic interactions and the origin of the magnetic order change were revealed through specific orbital analysis. Our work demonstrates that stacking rotation can also tune the interlayer magnetism of CrI3 and provides insight into its interlayer magnetic properties at the microscopic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangru Kong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| | - Hongkee Yoon
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Joon Han
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Feng Q, Li X, Li X, Yang J. CrSbS 3 monolayer: a potential phase transition ferromagnetic semiconductor. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14067-14072. [PMID: 34477687 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03640h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two dimensional intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors with controllable magnetic phase transition are highly desirable for spintronics. Nevertheless, reports on their successful experimental realization are still rare. Herein, based on first principles calculations, we propose to achieve such a functional material, namely CrSbS3 monolayer by exfoliating from its bulk crystal. Intrinsic CrSbS3 monolayer is a ferromagnetic half semiconductor with a moderate bandgap of 1.90 eV. It features an intriguing magnetic phase transition from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic when applying a small compressive strain (∼2%), making it ideal for fabricating strain-controlled magnetic switches or memories. In addition, the predicted strong anisotropic absorption of visible light and small effective masses make the CrSbS3 monolayer promising for optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Feng
- Department of Chemical Physics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xia B, Gao D, Xue D. Ferromagnetism of two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides: both theoretical and experimental investigations. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12772-12787. [PMID: 34477766 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02967c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the fast development of integrated circuit electronic devices and technologies, it has become urgent to improve the density of data storage and lower the energy losses of devices. Under these circumstances, two-dimensional (2D) materials, which have a smaller size and lower energy loss compared with bulk materials, are becoming ideal candidates for future spintronic devices. Among them, 2D transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs), which have excellent electronic and optical properties, have attracted great attention from researchers. However, most of them are intrinsically non-magnetic, which severely hinders their further applications in spintronics. Therefore, introducing intrinsic room-temperature ferromagnetism into 2D TMC materials has become an important issue in spintronics. In this work, we review the introduction of intrinsic ferromagnetism into typical 2D TMCs using various strategies, such as defect engineering, doping with transition metal elements, and phase transfer. Additionally, we found that their ferromagnetism could be adjusted via changing the experimental conditions, such as the nucleation temperature, ion irradiation dose, doping amount, and phase ratio. Finally, we provide some insight into prospective solutions for introducing ferromagnetism into 2D TMCs, hoping to shed some light on future spintronics development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baorui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gao P, Li X, Yang J. Thickness Dependent Magnetic Transition in Few Layer 1T Phase CrTe 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6847-6851. [PMID: 34279945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetism is highly desired in practical spintronics applications. Recently, 1T phase CrTe2 (1T-CrTe2) nanosheets with 5 and thicker layers have been successfully synthesized, which all exhibit the properties of ferromagnetic (FM) metals with Curie temperatures around 305 K. However, whether the ferromagnetism therein can be maintained when continuously reducing the nanosheet's thickness to monolayer limit remains unknown. Here, through first-principles calculations, we explore the evolution of magnetic properties of 1 to 6 layer CrTe2 nanosheets and several interesting points are found: First, unexpectedly, monolayer CrTe2 prefers a zigzag antiferromagnetic (AFM) state with its energy much lower than that of FM state. Second, in 2 to 4 layer CrTe2, both the intralayer and interlayer magnetic coupling are AFM. Last, when the number of layers is equal to or greater than 5, the intralayer and interlayer magnetic coupling become FM. Such highly thickness dependent magnetism provides a new perspective to control the magnetic properties of 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gao
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The traditional approach for materials discovery has been the domain of experimentalists, where elemental composition and synthesis conditions are often based on a trial-and-error method. Such processes are time-consuming and expensive. To minimize cost and to develop new materials at a faster pace, an alternate approach is to use theory to predict new materials with tailored properties and have experiments validate such predictions. The phenomenal increase in computing power, development of new first-principles methodologies, and a myriad of advanced computer codes in recent years have enabled researchers to predict novel materials that can be verified by later experiments. In this Perspective, we present advances in density functional theory-based methods and computational procedures that have made possible the discoveries of materials with varying size, composition, and dimensionalities. The challenges and opportunities in theory-guided discovery of materials, going forward, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puru Jena
- Physics Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000, United States
| | - Qiang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dupont M, Kvashnin YO, Shiranzaei M, Fransson J, Laflorencie N, Kantian A. Monolayer CrCl_{3} as an Ideal Test Bed for the Universality Classes of 2D Magnetism. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:037204. [PMID: 34328783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.037204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The monolayer halides CrX_{3} (X=Cl, Br, I) attract significant attention for realizing 2D magnets with genuine long-range order (LRO), challenging the Mermin-Wagner theorem. Here, we show that monolayer CrCl_{3} has the unique benefit of exhibiting tunable magnetic anisotropy upon applying a compressive strain. This opens the possibility to use CrCl_{3} for producing and studying both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic 2D Ising-type LRO as well as the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) regime of 2D magnetism with quasi-LRO. Using state-of-the-art density functional theory, we explain how realistic compressive strain could be used to tune the monolayer's magnetic properties so that it could exhibit any of these phases. Building on large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we compute the phase diagram of strained CrCl_{3}, as well as the magnon spectrum with spin-wave theory. Our results highlight the eminent suitability of monolayer CrCl_{3} to achieve very high BKT transition temperatures, around 50 K, due to their singular dependence on the weak easy-plane anisotropy of the material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dupont
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Y O Kvashnin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Shiranzaei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Fransson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N Laflorencie
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - A Kantian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu L, Lin Z, Hu J, Zhang X. Full quantum search for high T c two-dimensional van der Waals ferromagnetic semiconductors. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8137-8145. [PMID: 33881029 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08687h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atomic thin two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductors with high Curie temperatures (Tc) are essential for future spintronic applications. However, reliable theoretical searching for 2D FM semiconductors is still hard due to the complexity of strong quantum fluctuations in 2D systems. We have proposed a full quantum search (FulQuanS) method to tackle the difficulty, and finally identified five 2D semiconductors of CrX3 (X = I, Br, Cl), CuCl3 and FeCl2 with FM order at finite temperature from the pool of 3721 potential 2D structures. Via the method of renormalized spin wave theory (SW) and quantum Monte Carlo simulations (QMC), we located the Tc for CrX3 (X = I, Br, Cl), CuCl3 and FeCl2 at 48 K, 31 K, 18 K, 74 K and 931 K respectively, which excellently agree with experiments for CrX3 and reveal the superior performances of the new predicted structures. Furthermore, our QMC results demonstrated that the systems with low-spin numbers and/or low anisotropies have much higher Tc than the estimations of classical models e.g., Monte Carlo simulations based on classical Heisenberg models. Our findings suggest excellent candidates for future room-temperature spintronics, and shed light on the quantum effects inherent in 2D magnetism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Institute of Nanosurface Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hu Y, Jin S, Luo ZF, Zeng HH, Wang JH, Fan XL. Conversation from antiferromagnetic MnBr 2 to ferromagnetic Mn 3Br 8 monolayer with large MAE. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:72. [PMID: 33914179 PMCID: PMC8085181 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A pressing need in low energy spintronics is two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets with Curie temperature above the liquid-nitrogen temperature (77 K), and sizeable magnetic anisotropy. We studied Mn3Br8 monolayer which is obtained via inducing Mn vacancy at 1/4 population in MnBr2 monolayer. Such defective configuration is designed to change the coordination structure of the Mn-d5 and achieve ferromagnetism with sizeable magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE). Our calculations show that Mn3Br8 monolayer is a ferromagnetic (FM) half-metal with Curie temperature of 130 K, large MAE of - 2.33 meV per formula unit, and atomic magnetic moment of 13/3μB for the Mn atom. Additionally, Mn3Br8 monolayer maintains to be FM under small biaxial strain, whose Curie temperature under 5% compressive strain is 160 K. Additionally, both biaxial strain and carrier doping make the MAE increases, which mainly contributed by the magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy (MCE). Our designed defective structure of MnBr2 monolayer provides a simple but effective way to achieve ferromagnetism with large MAE in 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouYi Western Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - S. Jin
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouYi Western Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - Z. F. Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouYi Western Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - H. H. Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouYi Western Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - J. H. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouYi Western Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| | - X. L. Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouYi Western Road, Xi’an, 710072 Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kazim S, Gunnella R, Zannotti M, Giovannetti R, Klimczuk T, Ottaviano L. Determination of the refractive index and wavelength-dependent optical properties of few-layer CrCl 3 within the Fresnel formalism. J Microsc 2021; 283:145-150. [PMID: 33864639 PMCID: PMC8359837 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on previous reports on the optical microscopy contrast of mechanically exfoliated few layer CrCl3 transferred on 285 nm and 270 nm SiO2 on Si(100), we focus on the experimental determination of an effective mean complex refractive index via a fitting analysis based on the Fresnel equations formalism. Accordingly, the layer and wavelength‐dependent absorbance and reflectance are calculated. Layer and wavelength‐dependent optical contrast curves are then evaluated demonstrating that the contrast is significantly high only around well‐defined wavelength bands. This is validated a posteriori, by experimental UV‐Vis absorbance data. The present study aims to show the way towards the most reliable determination of thickness of the 2D material flakes during exfoliation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shafaq Kazim
- Physics Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Roberto Gunnella
- Physics Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Marco Zannotti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Rita Giovannetti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Tomasz Klimczuk
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Luca Ottaviano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche (DSFC), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,CNR-SPIN UoS L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Via Vetoio 10 67100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bayzi Isfahani V, Filipe Horta Belo da Silva J, Boddapati L, Rolo AG, Baptista RMF, Deepak FL, de Araújo JPE, de Matos Gomes E, Almeida BG. Functionalized magnetic composite nano/microfibres with highly oriented van der Waals CrI 3 inclusions by electrospinning. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:145703. [PMID: 33333498 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd4a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the synthesis of highly oriented chromium triiodide (CrI3) magnetic inclusions inside nano/microfibres with a polyethylene oxide matrix, prepared by the electrospinning technique. The structural, microstructural and spectroscopic analysis shows uniformly dispersed CrI3 nanosized inclusions inside the fibres, presenting a C2/m monoclinic structure at room temperature, where their c-axis is perpendicular to the fibre mat plane and the ab layers are in-plane. Analysis of the magnetic properties show that the samples have a ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition at ∼55-56 K, lower than that of bulk CrI3. Noticeably, a field-driven metamagnetic transition is observed below ∼45 K, from M versus H curves, when the applied magnetic field is perpendicular to the fibre mat plane, while it is strongly reduced when the field is in-plane. This anisotropic behaviour is attributed to the field-induced changes from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic interlayer magnetic moment alignment along the CrI3 c-axis stacked layers. These CrI3 electrospun fibres then show an efficient cost-effective route to synthesize magnetic composite fibres with highly oriented van der Walls inclusions, for spintronic applications, taking advantage of their anisotropic 2D layered materials properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Bayzi Isfahani
- Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Filipe Horta Belo da Silva
- IFIMUP-Instituto de Física de Materiais avançados, Nanotecnologia e Fotónica, Universidade do Porto, DFA-FCUP, R. Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Loukya Boddapati
- Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Anabela Gomes Rolo
- Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rosa Maria Ferreira Baptista
- Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Francis Leonard Deepak
- Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(INL), Avenida Mestre Jose Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Esteves de Araújo
- IFIMUP-Instituto de Física de Materiais avançados, Nanotecnologia e Fotónica, Universidade do Porto, DFA-FCUP, R. Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Etelvina de Matos Gomes
- Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Gonçalves Almeida
- Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Guo Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Wang B, Yuan S, Dong S, Wang J. Spin-constrained optoelectronic functionality in two-dimensional ferromagnetic semiconductor heterojunctions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1323-1333. [PMID: 34821925 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01480j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) engineering has brought about many extraordinary and new physics concepts and potential applications. Herein, we propose a new type of spin-constrained optoelectronic device developed using 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor heterostructures (FMSs). It is based on a photoexcited double-band-edge transition model, involved coupling between the interlayer magnetic order and the spin-polarized band structure and can achieve the reversible switch of band alignment via reversal of magnetization. We demonstrate that such a unique magnetic optoelectronic device can be realized with a CrBr3/CrCl3 heterojunction and other 2D FMS heterojunctions that have the same direction as the easy magnetization axis and have a switchable band alignment that allows reconfiguration. This study opens a new application window for 2D vdW heterostructures and enables the possibility for fully vdW-based ultra-compact spintronics devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilv Guo
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sun QC, Song T, Anderson E, Brunner A, Förster J, Shalomayeva T, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Gräfe J, Stöhr R, Xu X, Wrachtrup J. Magnetic domains and domain wall pinning in atomically thin CrBr 3 revealed by nanoscale imaging. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1989. [PMID: 33790290 PMCID: PMC8012586 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of atomically thin van der Waals magnets provides a new platform for the studies of two-dimensional magnetism and its applications. However, the widely used measurement methods in recent studies cannot provide quantitative information of the magnetization nor achieve nanoscale spatial resolution. These capabilities are essential to explore the rich properties of magnetic domains and spin textures. Here, we employ cryogenic scanning magnetometry using a single-electron spin of a nitrogen-vacancy center in a diamond probe to unambiguously prove the existence of magnetic domains and study their dynamics in atomically thin CrBr3. By controlling the magnetic domain evolution as a function of magnetic field, we find that the pinning effect is a dominant coercivity mechanism and determine the magnetization of a CrBr3 bilayer to be about 26 Bohr magnetons per square nanometer. The high spatial resolution of this technique enables imaging of magnetic domains and allows to locate the sites of defects that pin the domain walls and nucleate the reverse domains. Our work highlights scanning nitrogen-vacancy center magnetometry as a quantitative probe to explore nanoscale features in two-dimensional magnets. Van der Waals (vdW) magnets have allowed researchers to explore the two dimensional limit of magnetisation; however experimental challenges have hindered analysis of magnetic domains. Here, using an NV centre based probe, the authors analyse the nature of magnetic domains in the vdW magnet, CrBr3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Chao Sun
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Tiancheng Song
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric Anderson
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andreas Brunner
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Förster
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Joachim Gräfe
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rainer Stöhr
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Center for Applied Quantum Technology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- 3. Physikalisches Institut, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Baral D, Fu Z, Zadorozhnyi AS, Dulal R, Wang A, Shrestha N, Erugu U, Tang J, Dahnovsky Y, Tian J, Chien T. Small energy gap revealed in CrBr 3 by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3225-3232. [PMID: 33325931 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05633b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CrBr3 is a layered van der Waals material with magnetic ordering down to the 2D limit. For decades, based on optical measurements, it is believed that the energy gap of CrBr3 is in the range of 1.68-2.1 eV. However, controversial results have indicated that the band gap of CrBr3 is possibly smaller than that. An unambiguous determination of the energy gap is critical to the correct interpretations of the experimental results of CrBr3. Here, we present the scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/S) results of CrBr3 thin and thick flakes exfoliated onto highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to reveal the small energy gap (peak-to-peak energy gap to be 0.57 ± 0.04 eV; or the onset signal energy gap to be 0.29 ± 0.05 eV from dI/dV spectra). Atomic resolution topography images show the defect-free crystal structure and the dI/dV spectra exhibit multiple peak features measured at 77 K. The conduction band - valence band peak pairs in the multi-peak dI/dV spectrum agree very well with all reported optical transitions. STM topography images of mono- and bi-layer CrBr3 flakes exhibit edge degradation due to short air exposure (∼15 min) during sample transfer. The unambiguously determined small energy gap settles the controversy and is the key in better understanding CrBr3 and similar materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Baral
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Han H, Zheng H, Wang Q, Yan Y. Enhanced magnetic anisotropy and Curie temperature of the NiI 2 monolayer by applying strain: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26917-26922. [PMID: 33205779 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03803b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors with high magnetic anisotropy (MA) and Curie temperature (TC) are desirable for low-dimensional spintronic applications. We present here the structural stability, MA and TC of the semiconducting NiI2 monolayer under strain from -4% to 4% using first-principles calculations. The unstrained NiI2 monolayer exhibits an in-plane magnetic anisotropy energy of -0.11 meV per unit cell and a TC of 79 K. Most noteworthily, the in-plane MA and TC of the NiI2 monolayer are simultaneously enhanced under compressive strain; meanwhile, the NiI2 monolayer is still stable. In particular, when the compressive strain reaches -4%, the in-plane MA is more than three times higher than that in the unstrained system. Based on the second-order perturbation theory of spin-orbit coupling, the density of states and the orbital magnetic anisotropy contributions are analyzed, indicating that the compressive strain effect originates from the increase of the negative contribution from the spin-orbit coupling interaction between the opposite spin py and px orbitals of the I atom. This study provides a promising route for exploring new 2D ferromagnetic semiconductors with higher MA and TC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hecheng Han
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jiang S, Xie H, Shan J, Mak KF. Exchange magnetostriction in two-dimensional antiferromagnets. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:1295-1299. [PMID: 32601481 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetostriction, coupling between the mechanical and magnetic degrees of freedom, finds a variety of applications in magnetic actuation, transduction and sensing1,2. The discovery of two-dimensional layered magnetic materials3-8 presents a new platform to explore the magnetostriction effects in ultrathin solids. Here we demonstrate an exchange-driven magnetostriction effect in mechanical resonators made of two-dimensional antiferromagnetic CrI3. The mechanical resonance frequency is found to depend on the magnetic state of the material. We quantify the relative importance of the exchange and anisotropy magnetostriction by measuring the resonance frequency under a magnetic field parallel and perpendicular to the easy axis, respectively. Furthermore, we show efficient strain-tuning of the internal magnetic interactions in two-dimensional CrI3 as a result of inverse magnetostriction. Our results establish the basis for mechanical detection and control of magnetic states and magnetic phase transitions in two-dimensional layered materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Jiang
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hongchao Xie
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, University Park, PA, US
| | - Jie Shan
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Kin Fai Mak
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ahmad AS, Liang Y, Dong M, Zhou X, Fang L, Xia Y, Dai J, Yan X, Yu X, Dai J, Zhang GJ, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Wang S. Pressure-driven switching of magnetism in layered CrCl 3. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22935-22944. [PMID: 33180074 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04325g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Layered transition-metal compounds with controllable magnetic behaviors provide many fascinating opportunities for the fabrication of high-performance magneto-electric and spintronic devices. The tuning of their electronic and magnetic properties is usually limited to the change of layer thickness, electrostatic doping, and the control of electric and magnetic fields. However, pressure has been rarely exploited as a control parameter for tailoring their magneto-electric properties. Here, we report a unique pressure-driven isostructural phase transition in layered CrCl3 accompanied by a simultaneous switching of magnetism from a ferromagnetic to an antiferromagnetic ordering. Our experiments, in combination with ab initio calculations, demonstrate that such a magnetic transition hinders the bandgap collapse under pressure, leading to an anomalous semiconductor-to-semiconductor transition. Our findings not only reveal the potential applications of this material in electronic and spintronic devices but also establish the basis for exploring unusual phase transitions in layered transition-metal compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azkar Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Physics and Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Frontier Materials Synthesis at High Pressure, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Marfoua B, Khan I, Hong J. Giant spin Seebeck effect in two-dimensional ferromagnetic CrI 3 monolayer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:455404. [PMID: 32434174 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab94e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is a key factor in the spin caloritronics field, and extensive studies have been performed for potential spin thermoelectric modulator device applications. However, the performance of spin current generation was not high enough, and this is due to the weak yield of the SSE. Despite the many studies for the SSE in bulk materials, no reports are available yet in the pure two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic material. Hereby, we investigated the SSE of two-dimensional ferromagnetic CrI3 using the Boltzmann transport approach allowing diffusive scattering. We obtained a giant effective spin Seebeck effect of 1450 μV K-1, and this value is at least 4-5 times larger than previously reported values in bulk systems. Therefore, our finding may suggest that 2D CrI3 can be a potential material to open another perspective for 2D materials in the spin caloritronics field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Marfoua
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang K, He J, Zhang M, Wang H, Zhang G. Magnon-phonon interaction in antiferromagnetic two-dimensional MXenes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:435705. [PMID: 32650317 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba4cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antiferromagnetic material possesses excellent robustness to an external magnetic field perturbation, which makes it promising in application of spintronic devices. The magnon-phonon interaction plays a vital role in spintronic devices. In this work, we performed first-principles calculation to study the effect of magnon-phonon interaction on magnon spectra of the antiferromagnetic MXenes Cr2TiC2FCl, and calculated the phonon dominated magnon relaxation time based on the magnon spectra broadening. Due to the large exchange constants across Cr-Cr pairs, high magnon energy is found in Cr2TiC2FCl. We find that compared with the acoustic magnons, the optical magnons have stronger interaction with phonon modes. Moreover, relaxation time of optical magnons and acoustic magnons have quite different wavevector dependence. Our results about spin coupling to specific phonon polarizations can shed light on the understanding of magnon damping and energy dissipation in two-dimensional antiferromagnetic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Xidian University, Xi'an, Shanxi Province 710071, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|