1
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Escayola S, Labella J, Szczepanik DW, Poater A, Torres T, Solà M, Matito E. From (Sub)Porphyrins to (Sub)Phthalocyanines: Aromaticity Signatures in the UV-Vis Absorption Spectra. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:18251-18262. [PMID: 39297344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c03139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel synthetic methods has greatly expanded the toolbox available to chemists for engineering porphyrin and phthalocyanine derivatives with precise electronic and optical properties. In this study, we focus on the UV-vis absorption characteristics of substituted phthalocyanines and their contracted analogs, subphthalocyanines, which feature nonplanar, bowl-shaped geometries. These macrocycles, which are central to numerous applications in materials science and catalysis, possess extensive π-conjugated systems that drive their unique electronic properties. We explore how the change from a metalloid (B) to a metal (Zn) and the resulting coordination environments influence the aromaticity and, consequently, the spectroscopic features of these systems. A combined computational and experimental approach reveals a direct correlation between the aromaticity of the external conjugated pathways and the Q bands in the UV-vis spectra. Our findings highlight key structural modifications that can be leveraged to fine-tune the optical properties of porphyrinoid systems, offering new pathways for the design of advanced materials and catalysts with tailored functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Escayola
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Euskadi 20018, Spain
| | - Jorge Labella
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Eduard Matito
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Euskadi 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Euskadi 48011, Spain
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2
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Zhang X, Lan K, Cheng C. Figure-Eight Bismacrocycles Derived from a Tetraphenylmethane Core and Oligoparaphenylene Loops. Org Lett 2024; 26:7853-7857. [PMID: 39240131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes have garnered significant interest due to their distinctive chemical and physical characteristics. This study presents the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of two bis-macrocycle molecules joined by cycloparaphenylene and tetraphenylmethane moieties. Both molecules were thoroughly characterized using NMR, MALDI-TOF-HRMS, and X-ray diffraction. UV-vis spectroscopy revealed maximum absorption peaks at 325 and 328 nm, while the two bismacrocycles exhibit fluorescence emissions at 470 and 457 nm, consistent with DFT calculations. The computational analysis also disclosed the HOMO-LUMO gaps of 3.373 and 3.342 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Kai Lan
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chuyang Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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3
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Chinner K, Grabicki N, Hamaguchi R, Ikeguchi M, Kinbara K, Toyoda S, Sato K, Dumele O. Nanohoops in membranes: confined supramolecular spaces within phospholipid bilayer membranes. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03408b. [PMID: 39309096 PMCID: PMC11409858 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03408b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanohoops, an exciting class of fluorophores with supramolecular binding abilities, have the potential to become innovative tools within biological imaging and sensing. Given the biological importance of cell membranes, incorporation of macrocyclic materials with the dual capability of fluorescence emission and supramolecular complexation would be particularly interesting. A series of different-sized nanohoops-ethylene glycol-decorated [n]cyclo-para-pyrenylenes (CPYs) (n = 4-8)-were synthesised via an alternate synthetic route which implements a stannylation-based precursor, producing purer material than the previous borylation approach, enabling the growth of single-crystals of the Pt-macrocycle. Reductive elimination of these single-crystals achieved significantly higher selectivity and yields towards smaller ring-sized nanohoops (n = 4-6). The supramolecular binding capabilities of these CPYs were then explored through host-guest studies with a series of polycyclic (aromatic)hydrocarbons, revealing the importance of molecular size, shape, and CH-π contacts for efficient binding. CPYs were incorporated within the hydrophobic layer of lipid bilayer membranes, as confirmed by microscopic imaging and emission spectroscopy, which also demonstrated the size-preferential incorporation of the five-fold nanohoop. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the position and orientation within the membrane, as well as the unique non-covalent threading interaction between nanohoop and phospholipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Chinner
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 Berlin 12489 Germany
| | - Niklas Grabicki
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 Berlin 12489 Germany
| | - Rei Hamaguchi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8501 Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ikeguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
| | - Kazushi Kinbara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8501 Japan
- Research Center for Autonomous SystemMaterialogy (ASMat), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology Kanagawa 226-8501 Japan
| | - Sayaka Toyoda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science 1 Gakuen Uegahara Sanda-shi Hyogo 669-1330 Japan https://www.ksatolab.net
| | - Kohei Sato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8501 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science 1 Gakuen Uegahara Sanda-shi Hyogo 669-1330 Japan https://www.ksatolab.net
| | - Oliver Dumele
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 Berlin 12489 Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 Freiburg 79104 Germany https://www.dumelelab.com
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4
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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Borospherene in the Nanohoop: Complexation and Aromaticity of Neutral and Dioxidized Cycloparaphenylene Supramolecules with B40 and C60 Fullerenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402027. [PMID: 38923129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular complexes of carbon nanohoops with fullerenes play a key role for the design of novel nanomaterials with technological applications. Herein we investigate with density functional theory (DFT) methods the capability of neutral and dioxidized cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) to encapsulate all-boron fullerene B40. Our results show that [9]CPP and [10]CPP are feasible host candidates to encapsulate B40 displaying comparable complexation energies with the all-carbon analog [10]CPP⊃C60. Upon dioxidation the host-guest interactions are not affected, whereas the positive charge is delocalized on the CPPs leading to global aromatic character of the hosts. Consequently, the dicationic complexes [n]CPP2+⊃B40 and [10]CPP2+⊃C60 display augmented global shielding cones that strongly shield the guests, as manifested by large upfield shifts in 11B-NMR and 13C-NMR signals. Hence, CPP complexes with carbon fullerenes can be extended borospherene B40 host-guest complexes, as well as to doubly oxidized species stabilized by global host aromaticity, expanding our understanding of carbon nanohoop complexes to boron-based fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile
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5
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Roy R, Brouillac C, Jacques E, Quinton C, Poriel C. π-Conjugated Nanohoops: A New Generation of Curved Materials for Organic Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402608. [PMID: 38744668 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanohoops, cyclic association of π-conjugated systems to form a hoop-shaped molecule, have been widely developed in the last 15 years. Beyond the synthetic challenge, the strong interest towards these molecules arises from their radially oriented π-orbitals, which provide singular properties to these fascinating structures. Thanks to their particular cylindrical arrangement, this new generation of curved molecules have been already used in many applications such as host-guest complexation, biosensing, bioimaging, solid-state emission and catalysis. However, their potential in organic electronics has only started to be explored. From the first incorporation as an emitter in a fluorescent organic light emitting diode (OLED), to the recent first incorporation as a host in phosphorescent OLEDs or as charge transporter in organic field-effect transistors and in organic photovoltaics, this field has shown important breakthroughs in recent years. These findings have revealed that curved materials can play a key role in the future and can even be more efficient than their linear counterparts. This can have important repercussions for the future of electronics. Time has now come to overview the different nanohoops used to date in electronic devices in order to stimulate the future molecular designs of functional materials based on these macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32603
| | | | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
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6
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Yuan B, Lu D, Zhuang GL, Du P. Enantiomerically Resolvable Inherent Chirality Induced by Strong Para-Steric Hindrance in Cycloparaphenylene-Based Carbon Nanohoops. Org Lett 2024; 26:5635-5639. [PMID: 38958212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The chemical modification of the achiral carbon nanohoops to break the symmetry will result in inherently chiral structures with interesting optical properties. Herein, we report two novel π-extended chiral macrocycles, cyclo[10]paraphenylene-pyrene ([10]CPP-2Pyrene) and cyclo[10]paraphenylene-hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene ([10]CPP-2HBC). The large substituents on the nanohoop peripheries effectively prevented free rotation and the racemization process. The conformation of each enantiomer is stable enough to be resolved by recycling HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dapeng Lu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Gui-Lin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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7
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Fan Y, He J, Guo S, Jiang H. Host-Guest Chemistry in Binary and Ternary Complexes Utilizing π-Conjugated Carbon Nanorings. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300536. [PMID: 38123532 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The carbon nanorings, possessing a radial π system, have garnered significant attention primarily due to their size-dependent photophysical properties and the presence of a unique curved π-conjugated cavity. This is evidenced by the rapid proliferation of publications. Furthermore, the integration of building blocks into CPP skeletons can confer [n]CPPs with novel and exceptional photophysical and electronic characteristics, as well as chiral properties and host-guest interactions, thereby augmenting the diversity of [n]CPPs. Notably, the curved π surface structures and concave cavity of carbon nanorings enable them to host aromatic or non-aromatic guests with a complementarily curved surface, resulting in interesting binary or ternary complexes. This review provides a comprehensive treatment of literature reports on binary and ternary complexes, focusing on both their host-guest interactions and properties. It is important to note that the scope of this review is limited to host-guest chemistry in binary and ternary complexes based on π-conjugated carbon nanorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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8
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Kong X, Zhang X, Yuan B, Zhang W, Lu D, Du P. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Chiral Carbon Nanoring Containing Rubicene. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38771292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report the construction of an inherently chiral carbon nanoring, cyclo[7]paraphenylene-2,9-rubicene ([7]CPPRu2,9), by combining rubicene with a C-shaped synthon through the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. The structure was fully confirmed by high-resolution mass spectroscopies (HR-MS) and various NMR techniques. The photophysical properties were investigated by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as the time-resolved fluorescence decay. Moreover, two enantiomers (M)/(P)-[7]CPPRu2,9 were successfully resolved by recyclable HPLC and studied by CD and CPL spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Kong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Lu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, P. R. China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, P. R. China
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9
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Xu Y, Leung MY, Yan L, Chen Z, Li P, Cheng YH, Chan MHY, Yam VWW. Synthesis, Characterization, and Resistive Memory Behaviors of Highly Strained Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Nanohoops. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13226-13235. [PMID: 38700957 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Strained carbon nanohoops exhibit attractive photophysical properties due to their unique π-conjugated structure. However, incorporation of such nanohoops into the pincer ligand of metal complexes has rarely been explored. Herein, a new family of highly strained cyclometalated platinum(II) nanohoops has been synthesized and characterized. Strain-promoted C-H bond activation has been observed during the metal coordination process, and Hückel-Möbius topology and random-columnar packing in the solid state are found. Transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the size-dependent excited state properties of the nanohoops. Moreover, the nanohoops have been successfully employed as active materials in the fabrication of solution-processable resistive memory devices, including the use of the smallest platinum(II) nanohoop for the fabrication of a binary memory, with low switching threshold voltages of ca. 1.5 V, high ON/OFF current ratios, and good stability. These results demonstrate that strain incorporation into the structure can be an effective strategy to fundamentally fine-tune the reactivity, optoelectronic, and resistive memory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yi Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ziyong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yat-Hin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Michael Ho-Yeung Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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10
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Yang J, Mao LL, Xiao H, Zhang G, Zhang S, Kang L, Lin Z, Tung CH, Wu LZ, Cong H. A Conjugated Phenylene Nanocage with a Guest-Adaptive Deformable Cavity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403062. [PMID: 38421901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The highly strained, phenylene-derived organic cages are typically regarded as very rigid entities, yet their deformation potential and supramolecular properties remain underexplored. Herein, we report a pliable conjugated phenylene nanocage by synergistically merging rigid and flexible building blocks. The anisotropic cage molecule contains branched phenylene chains capped by a calix[6]arene moiety, the delicate conformational changes of which endow the cage with a remarkably deformable cavity. When complexing with fullerene guests, the cage showcases excellent guest-adaptivity, with its cavity volume capable of swelling by as much as 85 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liang-Liang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaoguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Functional Crystals Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Functional Crystals Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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11
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May JH, Fehr JM, Lorenz JC, Zakharov LN, Jasti R. A High-Yielding Active Template Click Reaction (AT-CuAAC) for the Synthesis of Mechanically Interlocked Nanohoops. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401823. [PMID: 38386798 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) represent an exciting yet underexplored area of research in the context of carbon nanoscience. Recently, work from our group and others has shown that small carbon nanotube fragments-[n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) and related nanohoop macrocycles-may be integrated into mechanically interlocked architectures by leveraging supramolecular interactions, covalent tethers, or metal-ion templates. Still, available synthetic methods are typically difficult and low yielding, and general methods that allow for the creation of a wide variety of these structures are limited. Here we report an efficient route to interlocked nanohoop structures via the active template Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AT-CuAAC) reaction. With the appropriate choice of substituents, a macrocyclic precursor to 2,2'-bipyridyl embedded [9]CPP (bipy[9]CPP) participates in the AT-CuAAC reaction to provide [2]rotaxanes in near-quantitative yield, which can then be converted into the fully π-conjugated catenane structures. Through this approach, two nanohoop[2]catenanes are synthesized which consist of a bipy[9]CPP catenated with either Tz[10]CPP or Tz[12]CPP (where Tz denotes a 1,2,3-triazole moiety replacing one phenylene ring in the [n]CPP backbone).
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Affiliation(s)
- James H May
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States
| | - Julia M Fehr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States
| | - Jacob C Lorenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR-Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States
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12
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Zhao J, Xu J, Huang H, Wang K, Wu D, Jasti R, Xia J. Appending Coronene Diimide with Carbon Nanohoops Allows for Rapid Intersystem Crossing in Neat Film. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400941. [PMID: 38458974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of innovative triplet materials plays a significant role in various applications. Although effective tuning of triplet formation by intersystem crossing (ISC) has been well established in solution, the modulation of ISC processes in the solid state remains a challenge due to the presence of other exciton decay channels through intermolecular interactions. The cyclic structure of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) offers a unique platform to tune the intermolecular packing, which leads to controllable exciton dynamics in the solid state. Herein, by integrating an electron deficient coronene diimide (CDI) unit into the CPP framework, a donor-acceptor type of conjugated macrocycle (CDI-CPP) featuring intramolecular charge-transfer (CT) interaction was designed and synthesized. Effective intermolecular CT interaction resulting from a slipped herringbone packing was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Transient spectroscopy studies showed that CDI-CPP undergoes ISC in both solution and the film state, with triplet generation time constants of 4.5 ns and 238 ps, respectively. The rapid triplet formation through ISC in the film state can be ascribed to the cooperation between intra- and intermolecular charge-transfer interactions. Our results highlight that intermolecular CT interaction has a pronounced effect on the ISC process in the solid state, and shed light on the use of the characteristic structure of CPPs to manipulate intermolecular CT interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaxi Huang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, 97403, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
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13
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Almughathawi R, Hou S, Wu Q, Lambert CJ. Signatures of Topological States in Conjugated Macrocycles. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24. [PMID: 38591962 PMCID: PMC11057032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule electrical junctions possess a molecular core connected to source and drain electrodes via anchor groups, which feed and extract electricity from specific atoms within the core. As the distance between electrodes increases, the electrical conductance typically decreases, which is a feature shared by classical Ohmic conductors. Here we analyze the electrical conductance of cycloparaphenylene (CPP) macrocycles and demonstrate that they can exhibit a highly nonclassical increase in their electrical conductance as the distance between electrodes increases. We demonstrate that this is due to the topological nature of the de Broglie wave created by electrons injected into the macrocycle from the source. Although such topological states do not exist in isolated macrocycles, they are created when the molecule is in contact with the source. They are predicted to be a generic feature of conjugated macrocycles and open a new avenue to implementing highly nonclassical transport behavior in molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renad Almughathawi
- Physics
Department, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Physics
Department, Faculty of science, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Songjun Hou
- Physics
Department, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Physics
Department, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Physics
Department, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, United Kingdom
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14
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Guo S, Liu L, Li X, Liu G, Fan Y, He J, Lian Z, Yang H, Chen X, Jiang H. Highly Luminescent Chiral Carbon Nanohoops via Symmetry Breaking with a Triptycene Unit: Bright Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Size-Dependent Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308429. [PMID: 37988709 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Chiral carbon nanohoops with both high fluorescence quantum yield and large luminescence dissymmetry factor are essential to the development of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials. Herein, the rational design and synthesis of a series of highly fluorescent chiral carbon nanohoops TP-[8-13]CPPs via symmetry breaking with a chiral triptycene motif is reported. Theoretical calculations revealed that breaking the symmetry of nanohoops causes a unique size-dependent localization in the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and the lowest unoccupied molecular obtitals (LUMOs) as the increasing of sizes, which is sharply different from those of [n]cycloparaphenylenes. Photophysical investigations demonstrated that TP-[n]CPPs display size-dependent emissions with high fluorescence quantum yields up to 92.9% for TP-[13]CPP, which is the highest value among the reported chiral conjugated carbon nanohoops. The high fluorescence quantum yields are presumably attributed to both the unique acyclic, and radial conjugations and high radiative transition rates, which are further supported by theoretical investigations. Chiroptical studies revealed that chiral TP-[n]CPPs exhibit bright CPL with CPL brightness up to 100.5 M-1 cm-1 for TP-[11]CPP due to the high fluorescence quantum yield. Importantly, the investigations revealed the intrigued size-dependent properties of TP-[n]CPPs with regards to (chir)optical properties, which follow a nice linear relationship versus 1/n. Such a nice linear relationship is not observed in other reported conjugated nanohoops including CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Lian
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Huiji Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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15
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Brouillac C, McIntosh N, Heinrich B, Jeannin O, De Sagazan O, Coulon N, Rault‐Berthelot J, Cornil J, Jacques E, Quinton C, Poriel C. Grafting Electron-Accepting Fragments on [4]cyclo-2,7-carbazole Scaffold: Tuning the Structural and Electronic Properties of Nanohoops. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309115. [PMID: 38251412 PMCID: PMC10987112 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Since the first applications of nanohoops in organic electronics appear promising, the time has come to go deeper into their rational design in order to reach high-efficiency materials. To do so, systematic studies dealing with the incorporation of electron-rich and/or electron-poor functional units on nanohoops have to be performed. Herein, the synthesis, the electrochemical, photophysical, thermal, and structural properties of two [4]cyclo-2,7-carbazoles, [4]C-Py-Cbz, and [4]C-Pm-Cbz, possessing electron-withdrawing units on their nitrogen atoms (pyridine or pyrimidine) are reported. The synthesis of these nanohoops is first optimized and a high yield above 50% is reached. Through a structure-properties relationship study, it is shown that the substituent has a significant impact on some physicochemical properties (eg HOMO/LUMO levels) while others are kept unchanged (eg fluorescence). Incorporation in electronic devices shows that the most electrically efficient Organic Field-Effect transistors are obtained with [4]C-Py-Cbz although this compound does not present the best-organized semiconductor layer. These experimental data are finally confronted with the electronic couplings between the nanohoops determined at the DFT level and have highlighted the origin in the difference of charge transport properties. [4]C-Py-Cbz has the advantage of a more 2D-like transport character than [4]C-Pm-Cbz, which alleviates the impact of defects and structural organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nemo McIntosh
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of MonsMonsB‐7000Belgium
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)UMR 7504CNRS‐Université de Strasbourg23 rue du Loess, BP 43, Cedex 2Strasbourg67034France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel MaterialsUniversity of MonsMonsB‐7000Belgium
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16
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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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17
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Bernt F, Leonhardt CM, Schatz D, Wegner HA. Synthesis and investigation of a meta[6]cycloparaphenylene gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3055-3058. [PMID: 38381535 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06225b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Meta[n]cycloparaphenylenes (m[n]CPPs) as well as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) gold(I)-complexes are intriguing building blocks for material and life sciences due to their extraordinary structures resulting in unique photophysical properties. Herein, we report the combination of a m[6]CPP with a N-heterocyclic carbene serving as a ligand in a linear gold(I)-complex possessing the form [AuBr(NHC)]. Solid-state structures of both the precursor and the complex are presented and discussed. Moreover, we investigated the luminescence properties of both the imidazolium intermediate and the corresponding gold(I)-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bernt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany.
- Centre for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 16, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Christopher M Leonhardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany.
- Centre for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 16, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Dominic Schatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany.
- Centre for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 16, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany.
- Centre for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 16, Giessen 35392, Germany
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18
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Bliksted Roug Pedersen V, Price TW, Kofod N, Zakharov LN, Laursen BW, Jasti R, Brøndsted Nielsen M. Synthesis and Properties of Fluorenone-Containing Cycloparaphenylenes and Their Late-Stage Transformation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303490. [PMID: 37930279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are the smallest possible armchair carbon nanotubes, the properties of which strongly depend on their ring size. They can be further tuned by either peripheral functionalization or by replacing phenylene rings for other aromatic units. Here we show how four novel donor-acceptor chromophores were obtained by incorporating fluorenone or 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)malononitrile into the loops of two differently sized CPPs. Synthetically, we managed to perform late-stage functionalization of the fluorenone-based rings by high-yielding Knoevenagel condensations. The structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analyses, which revealed that replacing a phenylene for a fused-ring-system acceptor introduces additional strain. The donor-acceptor characters of the CPPs were supported by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies, electrochemical studies (displaying the CPPs as multi-redox systems undergoing reversible or quasi-reversible redox events), as well as by computations. The oligophenylene parts were found to comprise the electron donor units of the macrocycles and the fluorenone parts the acceptor units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tavis W Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Nicolaj Kofod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR-Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, USA
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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19
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Wang Y, Huang S, Zhang Z, Yan X. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Silole-Fused Cycloparaphenylenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:681-686. [PMID: 38065576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the introduction of a silole unit into cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs), and two compounds [12]Si3CPP and [16]Si4CPP are obtained by a platinum- and gold-mediated cyclooligomerization strategy. Their optical and electronic properties are studied by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra, which show red shifts and higher photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) compared with the corresponding CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
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20
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Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Inclusion Complexes of Carbon Nanohoops. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:37-46. [PMID: 38103043 PMCID: PMC10765372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusPhotoinduced electron transfer (PET) in carbon materials is a process of great importance in light energy conversion. Carbon materials, such as fullerenes, graphene flakes, carbon nanotubes, and cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs), have unusual electronic properties that make them interesting objects for PET research. These materials can be used as electron-hole transport layers, electrode materials, or passivation additives in photovoltaic devices. Moreover, their appropriate combination opens up new possibilities for constructing photoactive supramolecular systems with efficient charge transfer between the donor and acceptor parts. CPPs build a class of molecules consisting of para-linked phenylene rings. CPPs and their numerous derivatives are appealing building blocks in supramolecular chemistry, acting as suitable concave receptors with strong host-guest interactions for the convex surfaces of fullerenes. Efficient PET in donor-acceptor systems can be observed when charge separation occurs faster than charge recombination. This Account focuses on selected inclusion complexes of carbon nanohoops studied by our group. We modeled charge separation and charge recombination in both previously synthesized and computationally designed complexes to identify how various modifications of host and guest molecules affect the PET efficiency in these systems. A consistent computational protocol we used includes a time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) formalism with the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) and CAM-B3LYP functional to carry out excited state calculations and the nonadiabatic electron transfer theory to estimate electron-transfer rates. We show how the photophysical properties of carbon nanohoops can be modified by incorporating additional π-conjugated fragments and antiaromatic units, multiple fluorine substitutions, and extending the overall π-electron system. Incorporating π-conjugated groups or linkers is accompanied by the appearance of new charge transfer states. Perfluorination of the nanohoops radically changes their role in charge separation from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. Vacancy defects in π-extended nanohoops are shown to hinder PET between host and guest molecules, while large fully conjugated π-systems improve the electron-donor properties of nanohoops. We also highlight the role of antiaromatic structural units in tuning the electronic properties of nanohoops. Depending on the aromaticity degree of monomeric units in nanohoops, the direction of electron transfer in their complexes with C60 fullerene can be altered. Nanohoops with aromatic units usually act as electron donors, while those with antiaromatic monomers serve as electron acceptors. Finally, we discuss why charged fullerenes are better electron acceptors than neutral C60 and how the charge location allows for the design of more efficient donor-acceptor systems with an unusual hypsochromic shift of the charge transfer band in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alexander A. Voityuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anton J. Stasyuk
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational
Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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21
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Murugan G, Julietraja K, Alsinai A. Computation of Neighborhood M-Polynomial of Cycloparaphenylene and Its Variants. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49165-49174. [PMID: 38162762 PMCID: PMC10753576 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the domains of materials and chemical and physical sciences, a significant aspiration is to design and synthesize extensively conjugated macrocycles possessing precisely defined structures. This objective bears substantial promise across a wide range of scientific and technological fields. These molecules offer a unique blend of structural complexity and electronic properties that make them particularly intriguing for both theoretical and practical reasons. Cycloparaphenylene (CPP) radial π-conjugated macrocycles is a specific example of a conjugated macrocycle that has garnered significant attention in the field of chemistry and materials science. It consists of a series of benzene rings linked together in a cyclic arrangement, forming a one-dimensional structure. CPP systems have been on the rise due to their novel and captivating characteristics, encompassing properties, such as electronic properties, heightened electrical conductivity, optoelectronic traits, and mechanical properties. Given the potential applications of CPP, it becomes essential to analyze this structure from a theoretical standpoint. Molecular descriptors play a crucial role in the theoretical analysis of such structures. Research on molecular descriptors has unequivocally demonstrated their significant correlation with the diverse properties of chemical compounds. This article illustrates the neighborhood sum M-polynomial-based descriptors' calculation using edge-partition techniques for CPP and its sidewalls consisting of pyrene and hexabenzocoronene units. The examination of these neighborhood sum M-polynomial-based descriptors for these structures has the potential to establish a foundational framework for delving deeper into CPP and its associated properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindhan Murugan
- Department
of Mathematics, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai 600069, India
| | - Konsalraj Julietraja
- Department
of Mathematics, School of Engineering, Presidency
University, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Ammar Alsinai
- Department
of Mathematics, Ibb University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
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22
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Wang L, Liu YL, He D, Chen SH, Li QJ, Zhao YL, Wang MS. The effect of the CPP size on the nonlinear optical properties of the new necklace-type molecules formed by carborane and [n]Cycloparaphenylenes(n = 8-11). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123108. [PMID: 37423097 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The new necklace-type molecules were formed by [8-13]CPP and carborane, which further manipulated the size of the macroring, revealing the effect of size on its luminescence behavior. In this work, the effects of ring size on the absorption spectrum, electron excitation and nonlinear optical properties of the compounds were investigated in detail, aiming to reveal an effective way to improve the optical properties of these necklace-type compounds. The absorption spectra of the compounds showed that the size of the CPP ring had little effect on the spectral shape and position, but the electron transition information showed that there were the significant charge transfer within the CPP ring and a gradual enhancement of interfragment charge transfer from the CPP ring to carborane. The increasing order of polarizability, first and second hyperpolarizability values of these compounds with the increase of CPP size indicated that increasing the size of the CPP ring was an effective way to increase the nonlinear optical properties of necklace-type molecules. Among the frequency dependent hyperpolarizability values, the γ(-ω;ω,0,0) value increased by a factor of 4 from complex 1 to 6 with the increase of CPP ring size, which indicated that increasing the size of the CPP ring was an effective way to increase the optical Kerr effect of necklace-type molecules. Therefore, these the new necklace-type nolecules formed by carborane and [n]Cycloparaphenylenes would be excellent nonlinear optical materials in the field of the all-optical switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China.
| | - Yan-Li Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China
| | - Di He
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China
| | - Sheng-Hui Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China
| | - Quan-Jiang Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Liang Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China
| | - Mei-Shan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 Shandong, China; School of Integrated Circuits, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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23
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Wang MW, Fan W, Li X, Liu Y, Li Z, Jiang W, Wu J, Wang Z. Molecular Carbons: How Far Can We Go? ACS NANO 2023; 17:20734-20752. [PMID: 37889626 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The creation and development of carbon nanomaterials promoted material science significantly. Bottom-up synthesis has emerged as an efficient strategy to synthesize atomically precise carbon nanomaterials, namely, molecular carbons, with various sizes and topologies. Different from the properties of the feasibly obtained mixture of carbon nanomaterials, numerous properties of single-component molecular carbons have been discovered owing to their well-defined structures as well as potential applications in various fields. This Perspective introduces recent advances in molecular carbons derived from fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotube, carbyne, graphyne, and Schwarzite carbon acquired with different synthesis strategies. By selecting a variety of representative examples, we elaborate on the relationship between molecular carbons and carbon nanomaterials. We hope these multiple points of view presented may facilitate further advancement in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zuoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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24
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Shudo H, Kuwayama M, Segawa Y, Yagi A, Itami K. Half-substituted fluorocycloparaphenylenes with high symmetry: synthesis, properties and derivatization to densely substituted carbon nanorings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13494-13497. [PMID: 37882201 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04887j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated cycloparaphenylenes (FCPPs) have attracted attention as electron-accepting CPPs as well as strained fluoroarenes. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of novel FCPPs; F16[8]CPP and F12[6]CPP. Furthermore, the derivatization of F16[8]CPP afforded a new carbon nanoring where sixteen pyrrole rings are densely substituted on the CPP framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shudo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Motonobu Kuwayama
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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25
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Rasul R, Mahmood T, Ayub K, Joya KS, Anwar F, Saari N, Nawaz R, Gilani MA. Alkali metals doped cycloparaphenylene nanohoops: Promising nonlinear optical materials with enhanced performance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21508. [PMID: 38027972 PMCID: PMC10654151 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing pursuit of novel and efficient NLO materials, the potential of alkali metal-doped {6}cycloparaphenylene ({6}CPP) and methylene bridged {6} cycloparaphenylene (MB{6}CPP) nanohoops as excellent NLO candidates has been explored. The geometric, electronic, linear, and nonlinear optical properties of designed systems have been investigated theoretically. All the nanohoops demonstrated thermodynamic stability, with remarkable interaction energies reaching up to -1.39 eV (-0.0511 au). Notably, the introduction of alkali metals led to a significant reduction in the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps, with values as low as 2.92 eV, compared to 6.80 eV and 6.06 eV for undoped {6}CPP and MB{6}CPP, respectively. Moreover, the alkali metal-doped nanohoops exhibited exceptional NLO response, with the K@r6-{6}CPP complex achieving the highest first hyperpolarizability of 56,221.7 × 10-30 esu. Additionally, the frequency-dependent first hyperpolarizability values are also computed at two commonly used wavelengths of 1550 nm and 1907 nm, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of designed nanohoops as promising candidates for advanced NLO materials with high-tech applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqiya Rasul
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore-54600, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir P. O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Saleem Joya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha-40100, Pakistan
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R. Nawaz
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology, 32093 Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore-54600, Pakistan
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26
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Seitz P, Bhosale M, Rzesny L, Uhlmann A, Wössner JS, Wessling R, Esser B. Conjugated Nanohoop Polymers based on Antiaromatic Dibenzopentalenes for Charge Storage in Organic Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306184. [PMID: 37606286 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
With their bent π-systems, cyclic conjugation and inherent cavities, conjugated nanohoops are attractive for organic electronics applications. For ease of processing and morphological stability, an incorporation into polymers is desirable, but to date was hampered with few exceptions by synthetic difficulties. We herein present a unique strategy for the synthesis of conjugated nanohoop polymers using a dibenzo[a,e]pentalene (DBP) as central connector. We demonstrate this versatility by synthesizing three electronically diverse copolymers with dithienyldiketo(pyrrolopyrrol), fluorene and carbazole comonomers, and report the first donor-acceptor nanohoop polymer. Optoelectronic investigations reveal the prevalence of cyclic or linear conjugation, depending on the comonomer unit, and ambipolar electrochemical properties through the antiaromatic character of the DBP units. As the first report on using conjugated nanohoops for charge storage as positive electrode materials, we show a significant improvement in battery performance in a nanohoop-containing polymer compared to an equivalent nanohoop-free reference polymer. We believe this study will pave the way for the synthesis of a diverse range of nanohoop polymers and further stimulate their exploration for charge storage in batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Seitz
- Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manik Bhosale
- Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Luisa Rzesny
- Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anselm Uhlmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan S Wössner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robin Wessling
- Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Fan Y, Fan S, Liu L, Guo S, He J, Li X, Lian Z, Guo W, Chen X, Wang Y, Jiang H. Efficient manipulation of Förster resonance energy transfer through host-guest interaction enables tunable white-light emission and devices in heterotopic bisnanohoops. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11121-11130. [PMID: 37860654 PMCID: PMC10583698 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04358d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized and reported the heterotopic bisnanohoops P5-[8,10]CPPs containing cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and a pillar[5]arene unit, which act not only as energy donors but also as a host for binding energy acceptors. We demonstrated that a series of elegant FRET systems could be constructed successfully through self-assembly between donors P5-[8,10]CPPs and acceptors with different emissions via host-guest interaction. These FRET systems further allow us to finely adjust the donors P5-[8,10]CPPs and acceptors (BODIPY-Br and Rh-Br) for achieving multiple color-tunable emissions, particularly white-light emission. More importantly, these host-guest complexes were successfully utilized in the fabrication of white-light fluorescent films and further integrated with a 365 nm LED lamp to create white LED devices. The findings highlight a new application of carbon nanorings in white-light emission materials, beyond the common recognition of π-conjugated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Shimin Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Shengzhu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Zhe Lian
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Weijie Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
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28
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Kamin AA, Clayton TD, Otteson CE, Gannon PM, Krajewski S, Kaminsky W, Jasti R, Xiao DJ. Synthesis and metalation of polycatechol nanohoops derived from fluorocycloparaphenylenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9724-9732. [PMID: 37736630 PMCID: PMC10510647 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their unique topology and distinct physical properties, cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are attractive building blocks for new materials synthesis. While both noncovalent interactions and irreversible covalent bonds have been used to link CPP monomers into extended materials, a coordination chemistry approach remains less explored. Here we show that nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions can be leveraged to rapidly introduce donor groups (-OR, -SR) onto polyfluorinated CPP rings. Demethylation of methoxide-substituted CPPs produces polycatechol nanohoop ligands that are readily metalated to produce well-defined, multimetallic CPP complexes. As catechols are recurring motifs throughout coordination chemistry and dynamic covalent chemistry, the polycatechol nanohoops reported here open the door to new strategies for the bottom-up synthesis of atomically precise CPP-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn A Kamin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Tara D Clayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Claire E Otteson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Paige M Gannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Sebastian Krajewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Dianne J Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195 USA
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29
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Stasyuk AJ. Photoinduced electron transfer in [10]CPP⊃C60 oligomers with stable and well-defined supramolecular structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:21297-21306. [PMID: 37551509 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02233a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent synthesis of a new type of polymer containing conjugated cycloparaphenylene (CPP) macrocycles interconnected by a linear conjugated backbone opens up great potential of cyclic π-conjugated materials in organic photovoltaics. In this work, I report a theoretical study of the ground and excited state properties of such polymers and investigate an effect of inclusion of fullerene molecules into polymer chains. MD simulations reveal that oligomers ([10]CPP_Fused⊃C60)24 and ([10]CPP_Fused⊃C60)32 with π-extended CPPs tend to form stable, helix-like structures. I show that photoinduced electron transfer from the CPP-based polymer to C60 fullerene is favorable and occurs on a nanosecond time scale. The hole- and excess-electron transfer rates are found to be significantly higher than the corresponding charge recombination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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30
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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Charge delocalization and aromaticity of doubly reduced double-walled carbon nanohoops. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37448229 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01994b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) exhibit selective host capabilities, featuring the ability to incorporate smaller CPPs to form double-walled host-guest complexes. Moreover, CPPs can also be stabilized by global aromaticity under twofold oxidation or reduction, involving electronic conjugation along with the overall structural backbone. Herein we explore the structural modifications, bonding, electron delocalization and magnetic properties of doubly reduced double-walled CPP complexes with DFT methods, in the isolated and aggregate [n + 5]CPP⊃[n]CPP2- (n = 5-8) species. Our results show that the hosts undergo structural, bonding and delocalization deformations towards quinoidal configurations and exhibit global long-ranged shielding cones similar to global aromatic free dianionic CPPs, accounting for charge delocalization on the outer nanohoops, whereas the guests preserve local aromatic benzenoid configurations, resulting in global and local aromatic circuits within the host-guest aggregate. This observation suggests that in multi-layered related species electronic delocalization will be retained at the outer structural surface. The aromaticity of the hosts is manifested in the strong upfield shifts of the guests 1H-NMR signals. Hence, CPP complexes can be extended to doubly reduced species stabilized by global host aromaticity expanding our understanding of doubled-walled nanotubes at the nanoscale regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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31
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Fang P, Chen M, Yin N, Zhuang G, Chen T, Zhang X, Du P. Regulating supramolecular interactions in dimeric macrocycles. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5425-5430. [PMID: 37234903 PMCID: PMC10207885 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00035d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular behavior is highly dependent on many factors, including complicated microenvironments and weak interactions. Herein, we describe tuning supramolecular architectures of rigid macrocycles by synergistic effects of their geometric configurations, sizes, and guests. Two paraphenylene-based macrocycles are anchored onto different positions in a triphenylene derivative, resulting in dimeric macrocycles with different shapes and configurations. Interestingly, these dimeric macrocycles show tunable supramolecular interactions with guests. In solid state, a 2 : 1 host-guest complex was observed between 1a and C60/C70, while an unusual 2 : 3 host-guest complex 3C60@(1b)2 can be observed between 1b and C60. This work expands the scope of the synthesis of novel rigid bismacrocycles and provides a new strategy to construct different supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Fang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 Guangdong Province China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan 523808 Guangdong Province China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Nan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Guilin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310032 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Tianyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei 230026 Anhui Province China
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32
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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Local and global aromaticity under rotation: analysis of two- and three-dimensional representative carbon nanostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14285-14293. [PMID: 37183443 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00569k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscaled 2D and 3D carbon structures with closed curved π-surfaces are of relevance in the development of desirable building units for materials science. Such species are able to sustain local and global aromatic circuits involving isolated regions or the overall structural backbone, respectively. Here we account for local and global aromaticity under rotation of representative two- and three-dimensional species involving para-connected and fused edge-sharing phenyl rings ([8]CPP, [10]CPP, CNB), and C60 fullerene at different charge states. Our results denote that nanoscaled 2D global aromatics mimic the behaviour of the most prototypical aromatic 6π-circuit, given by benzene, where the shielding cone properties vary along the rotation motion. In contrast, 3D spherical aromatics remain almost invariant under rotation, given the distinctive characteristics of such species, differing from 2D global aromatics. Dissection of orbital contributions reveals that π-orbitals are determinants for shifting from non-aromatic to spherical aromatic species. Under rotation, the variation of the anisotropic effect inherent to such nanoscaled structures is accounted for, which is relevant to rationalize variation in NMR signal shifts upon the formation of host-guest aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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33
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Gou F, Shi D, Kou B, Li Z, Yan X, Wu X, Jiang YB. One-Pot Cyclization to Large Peptidomimetic Macrocycles by In Situ-Generated β-Turn-Enforced Folding. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9530-9539. [PMID: 37037798 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycles have been targets of extensive synthetic efforts for decades because of their potent molecular recognition and self-assembly capabilities. Yet, efficient syntheses of macrocyclic molecules via irreversible covalent bonds remain challenging. Here, we report an efficient approach to large peptidomimetic macrocycles by using the in situ-generated β-turn structural motifs afforded in the amidothiourea moieties from the early steps of the reaction of 2 molecules of bilateral amino acid-based acylhydrazine with 2 molecules of diisothiocyanate. Four chiral and achiral peptidomimetic large macrocycles were successfully synthesized in high yields of 45-63% in a feasible one-pot reaction under sub-molar concentration conditions and were purified by simple filtration. X-ray crystallographic characterization of three macrocycles reveals an important feature that their four β-turn structures, each maintained by four 10-membered intramolecular hydrogen bonds, alternatively network the four aromatic arms. This affords an interesting conformation switching mode upon anion binding. Binding of SO42- to 1L or 1D that contains 4 alanine residues (with the lowest steric hinderance among the macrocycles) leads to an inside-out structural change of the host macrocycle, as confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure of 1L-SO42- and 1D-SO42- complexes, accompanied by an inversion of the CD signals. On the basis of the strong sulfate affinity of the macrocycles, we succeeded in the removal of sulfate anions from water via a macrocycle-mediated liquid-liquid extraction method. Our synthetic protocol can be easily extended to other macrocycles of varying arms and/or chiral amino acid residues; thus, a variety of structurally and functionally diverse macrocycles are expected to be readily made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Di Shi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bohan Kou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yun-Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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34
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Fehr JM, Myrthil N, Garrison AL, Price TW, Lopez SA, Jasti R. Experimental and theoretical elucidation of SPAAC kinetics for strained alkyne-containing cycloparaphenylenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2839-2848. [PMID: 36937573 PMCID: PMC10016359 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06816h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuning strained alkyne reactivity via organic synthesis has evolved into a burgeoning field of study largely focused on cyclooctyne, wherein physical organic chemistry helps guide rational molecular design to produce molecules with intriguing properties. Concurrent research in the field of carbon nanomaterials has produced new types of strained alkyne macrocycles, such as cycloparaphenyleneacetylenes, that possess uniquely curved aromatic π systems but hover on the edge of stability. In 2018, we introduced a strained alkyne scaffold that marries the synthetic accessibility and stability of cyclooctyne with the curved π system of carbon nanomaterials. These molecules are strained alkyne-containing cycloparaphenylenes (or [n+1]CPPs), which have been shown to possess size-dependent reactivity as well as the classic characteristics of the unfunctionalized parent CPP, such as a tunable HOMO-LUMO gap and bright fluorescence for large sizes. Herein, we elaborate further on this scaffold, introducing two modifications to the original design and fully characterizing the kinetics of the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) for each [n+1]CPP with a model azide. Additionally, we explain how electronic (the incorporation of fluorine atoms) and strain (a meta linkage which heightens local strain at the alkyne) modulations affect SPAAC reactivity via the distortion-interaction computational model. Altogether, these results indicate that through a modular synthesis and rational chemical design, we have developed a new family of tunable and inherently fluorescent strained alkyne carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Fehr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Nathalie Myrthil
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Anna L Garrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Tavis W Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
| | - Steven A Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403 USA
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35
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Li A, Zhang X, Wang S, Wei K, Du P. Synthesis and Physical Properties of a Perylene Diimide-Embedded Chiral Conjugated Macrocycle. Org Lett 2023; 25:1183-1187. [PMID: 36786519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the facile synthesis and properties of a chiral perylene diimide (PDI)-embedded conjugated macrocycle (cyclo[6]paraphenylene-1,7-perylene diimide, [6]CPP-PDI1,7) by Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling and a subsequent reductive aromatization reaction in two steps. The PDI-embedded conjugated macrocycle showed a significant redshift (>110 nm for absorption) compared to the PDI molecule. Moreover, efficient resolution of chiral enantiomers with (P)/(M)-[6]CPP-PDI1,7 was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography, and their chiral properties were investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The realization of [6]CPP-PDI1,7 expands the scope of the precise synthesis of PDI-embedded chiral conjugated macrocycles and explores its unique physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Along Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kang Wei
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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36
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Grabicki N, Fisher S, Dumele O. A Fourfold Gold(I)-Aryl Macrocycle with Hyperbolic Geometry and its Reductive Elimination to a Carbon Nanoring Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217917. [PMID: 36753601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
An ethylene glycol-decorated [6]cyclo-meta-phenylene (CMP) macrocycle was synthesized and utilized as a subunit to construct a fourfold AuI 2 -aryl metallacycle with an overall square arrangement. The corners consist of rigid dinuclear gold(I) complexes previously known to form only triangular metallacycles. The interplay between the conformational flexibility of the [6]CMP macrocycle and the rigid dinuclear gold(I) moieties enable the square geometry, as revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The formation of the gold complex shows size-selectivity compared to an alternative route using platinum(II) corner motifs. Upon reductive elimination, an all-organic ether-decorated carbon nanoring was obtained. Investigation as a host for the complexation of large guest molecules with a suitable convex π-surfaces was accomplished using isothermal NMR binding titrations. Association constants for [6]cycloparaphenylene ([6]CPP), [7]CPP, C60 , and C70 were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Grabicki
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Dumele
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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37
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Pennachio M, Zhou Z, Wei Z, Tsybizova A, Gershoni-Poranne R, Petrukhina MA. Interplay of Charge and Aromaticity Upon Chemical Reduction of p-Quinquephenyl with Alkali Metals. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pennachio
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao’an Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Alexandra Tsybizova
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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38
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May JH, Van Raden JM, Maust RL, Zakharov LN, Jasti R. Active template strategy for the preparation of π-conjugated interlocked nanocarbons. Nat Chem 2023; 15:170-176. [PMID: 36635600 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked carbon nanostructures represent a relatively unexplored frontier in carbon nanoscience due to the difficulty in preparing these unusual topological materials. Here we illustrate an active-template method in which a [n]cycloparaphenylene precursor macrocycle is decorated with two convergent pyridine donors that coordinate to a metal ion. The metal ion catalyses alkyne-alkyne cross-coupling reactions within the central cavity of the macrocycle, and the resultant interlocked products can be converted into fully π-conjugated structures in subsequent synthetic steps. Specifically, we report the synthesis of a family of catenanes that comprise two or three mutually interpenetrating [n]cycloparaphenylene-derived macrocycles of various sizes. Additionally, a fully π-conjugated [3]rotaxane was synthesized by the same method. The development of synthetic methods to access mechanically interlocked carbon nanostructures of varying topology can help elucidate the implications of mechanical bonding for this emerging class of nanomaterials and allow structure-property relationships to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H May
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeff M Van Raden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
| | - Ruth L Maust
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR-Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Oregon, USA.
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39
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Regulska E, Hindenberg P, Espineira‐Gutierrez A, Romero‐Nieto C. Synthesis, Post-Functionalization and Properties of Diphosphapentaarenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202769. [PMID: 36216778 PMCID: PMC10100039 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Linearly-fused polyarenes are an important class of compounds with high relevance in materials science. While modifying the shape and size represents a common means to fine-tune their properties, the precise placement of heteroatoms is a strategy that is receiving an increasing deal of attention to overcome the intrinsic limitations of all-carbon structures. Thus, linearly-fused diphosphaarenes recently emerged as a novel family of molecules with striking optoelectronic properties and outstanding stability. However, the properties of diphosphaarenes are far from being benchmarked. Herein, we report the synthesis, phosphorus post-functionalization and properties of new diphosphapentaarene derivatives. We describe their synthetic limitations and unveil their potential for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Regulska
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Castilla-La ManchaCalle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora02008AlbaceteSpain
| | - Philip Hindenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Castilla-La ManchaCalle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora02008AlbaceteSpain
| | - Adrian Espineira‐Gutierrez
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Castilla-La ManchaCalle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora02008AlbaceteSpain
| | - Carlos Romero‐Nieto
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Castilla-La ManchaCalle Almansa 14 – Edif. Bioincubadora02008AlbaceteSpain
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40
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George G, Stasyuk OA, Voityuk AA, Stasyuk AJ, Solà M. Aromaticity controls the excited-state properties of host-guest complexes of nanohoops. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1221-1229. [PMID: 36537223 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated organic molecules have exciting applications as materials for batteries, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, etc. Among these systems, antiaromatic compounds are of particular interest because of their smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gap compared to aromatic compounds. A small HOMO-LUMO gap is expected to facilitate charge transfer in the systems. Here we report the ground and excited-state properties of two model nanohoops that are nitrogen-doped analogs of recently synthesized [4]cyclodibenzopentalenes - tetramers of benzene-fused aromatic 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole ([4]DHPP) and antiaromatic pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole ([4]PP). Their complexes with C60 fullerene show different behavior upon photoexcitation, depending on the degree of aromaticity. [4]DHPP acts as an electron donor, whereas [4]PP is a stronger electron acceptor than C60. The ultrafast charge separation combined with the slow charge recombination that we found for [4]PP⊃C60 indicates a long lifetime of the charge transfer state.
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Affiliation(s)
- G George
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - O A Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A A Voityuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A J Stasyuk
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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41
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Stawski W, Van Raden JM, Patrick CW, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Anderson HL. Strained Porphyrin Tape-Cycloparaphenylene Hybrid Nanorings. Org Lett 2023; 25:378-383. [PMID: 36626241 PMCID: PMC9872170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
V-Shaped porphyrin dimers, with masked p-phenylene bridges, undergo efficient oxidative coupling to form meso-meso linked cyclic porphyrin oligomers. Reductive aromatization unmasks the p-phenylenes, increasing the strain. Oxidation then fuses the porphyrin dimers, providing a nanoring with curved walls. The strain in this macrocycle bends the p-phenylene and fused porphyrin dimer units (radii of curvature of 11.4 and 19.0 Å, respectively), but it does not significantly alter the electronic structure of the fused porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Stawski
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jeff M. Van Raden
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Connor W. Patrick
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Peter N. Horton
- UK
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK
National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Harry L. Anderson
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,
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42
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Hayashi Y, Suzuki S, Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y. Dibenzotropylium-Capped Orthogonal Geometry Enabling Isolation and Examination of a Series of Hydrocarbons with Multiple 14π-Aromatic Units. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2596-2608. [PMID: 36606368 PMCID: PMC9896550 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of six dications composed of pure hydrocarbons with one to six non-substituted 9,10-anthrylene units end-capped with two dibenzotropyliums were designed and synthesized to elucidate the electronic properties of huge oligo(9,10-anthrylene) backbones. Their structures were successfully determined by X-ray analyses even in the case of eight planar 14π-electron units, revealing that all dications adopt almost orthogonally twisted structures between neighboring units. Spectroscopic and voltammetric analyses show that neither the significant overlap of orbitals nor the delocalization of electrons between 14π-electron units occurs due to the orthogonally twisted geometry even in solution. As a result, sequential oxidation processes were observed with the reversible formation of multivalent cations with the release of the same number of electrons as the number of anthrylene units. Upon two-electron reduction, a closed-shell butterfly-shaped form was obtained from the dication containing one anthrylene unit, whereas open-shell twisted biradicals were isolated as stable entities in the cases of derivatives containing three to six anthrylene units. Notably, from the derivative with two anthrylene units, a metastable open-shell isomer was obtained quantitatively and underwent slow thermal conversion to the most stable closed-shell isomer (Ea = 23.1 kcal mol-1). There is a drastic change in oxidation potentials between two neutral species (ΔE = 1.32 V in CH2Cl2). Since the present dications were regenerated upon oxidation of the isolated reduction products, these systems may contribute to the development of advanced response systems capable of switching color, magnetic properties, and oxidative properties by using a "cation-capped orthogonal geometry".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate
School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan,
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43
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Li N, Sun M. Optical Physical Mechanisms of Helicene Carbon Nanohoop with Möbius Topology. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200846. [PMID: 36594674 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical and spectral properties of carbon nanohoop with Möbius topology is of great interest in nano-science and nano-technology. And it can be imagined that it has a lot of unexpected potential application prospects. However, theoretical calculations based on some figure-of-eight helicene carbon nanohoop with Möbius topology are still insufficient. Therefore, in this paper, we theoretically study the optical and spectral properties of figure-of-eight helicene carbon nanohoop with Möbius topology. Optical and spectral properties are analyzed with visualization method of transition density matrix and charge density difference, which reveal the unique characterization of carbon nanohoop with Möbius topology. Our results can not only deepen the understanding of the optical physical mechanisms of the nanorings with mobius carbons, but also provide deeper insight on optical properties and potential design on optical nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
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44
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Zhu M, Zhou Q, Cheng H, Sha Y, Bregadze VI, Yan H, Sun Z, Li X. Boron-Cluster Embedded Necklace-Shaped Nanohoops. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213470. [PMID: 36203221 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of carbon-based nanohoops with other functional organic molecular structures should lead to the design of new molecular configurations with interesting properties. Here, necklace-like nanohoops embedded with carborane were synthesized for the first time. The unique deboronization of o-carborane has led to the facile preparation of ionic nanohoop compounds. Nanohoops functionalized by nido-o-carborane show excellent fluorescence emission, with a solution quantum yield of up to 90.0 % in THF and a solid-state quantum efficiency of 87.3 %, which opens an avenue for the applications of the nanohoops in OLEDs and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - He Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ye Sha
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Vladimir I Bregadze
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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45
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Han H, Fu R, Wang R, Tang C, He MM, Deng JY, Guo DS, Stoddart JF, Cai K. Corralarenes: A Family of Conjugated Tubular Hosts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20351-20362. [PMID: 36264544 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in host-guest chemistry, macrocyclic hosts with deep cavities are far from abundant among the large number of wholly synthetic hosts described in the literature. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of two new tubular hosts, namely, corral[4]arene and corral[5]arene. The former has been isolated and characterized as two conformational diastereoisomers, one is centrosymmetric and the other asymmetric. The latter, a fivefold symmetrical and flexible host, has also been investigated in detail. It is composed of five 4,4'-dimethoxybiphenyl units bridged by ethynylene linkers at their 2,2'-positions and adopts a pentagonal conformation with a tubular-shaped cavity in the presence of guests. This structure endows corral[5]arene not only with a conjugated backbone, capable of bright fluorescent emission (quantum yield, 56%), but also a deep π-electron-rich aromatic cavity with remarkable conformational flexibility. The adaptive cavity of corral[5]arene allows it to accommodate a wide range of neutral and positively charged electron-deficient guests with different molecular sizes and shapes. Binding constants between this host and these guests in three different nonpolar organic solvents lie in the range of 103 to 107 M-1. Moreover, corral[5]arene exhibits dynamic chirality on account of the axes of chirality associated with each of the five biphenyl units and displays first-order transformation as exhibited by circular dichroism in response to the addition of chiral guests. All these stereochemical features render corral[5]arene an attractive host for a variety of supramolecular and nanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Han
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rong Fu
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Miao-Miao He
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jia-Ying Deng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Kang Cai
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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46
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Pavlović RZ, Zhiquan L, Finnegan TJ, Waudby CA, Wang X, Gunawardana VWL, Zhu X, Wong CM, Hamby T, Moore CE, Hoefer N, McComb DW, Sevov CS, Badjić JD. Closed Aromatic Tubes-Capsularenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211304. [PMID: 35981224 PMCID: PMC9825917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe a synthetic method for incorporating arenes into closed tubes that we name capsularenes. First, we prepared vase-shaped molecular baskets 4-7. The baskets comprise a benzene base fused to three bicycle[2.2.1]heptane rings that extend into phthalimide (4), naphthalimide (6), and anthraceneimide sides (7), each carrying a dimethoxyethane acetal group. In the presence of catalytic trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), the acetals at top of 4, 6 and 7 change into aliphatic aldehydes followed by their intramolecular cyclization into 1,3,5-trioxane (1 H NMR spectroscopy). Such ring closure is nearly a quantitative process that furnishes differently sized capsularenes 1 (0.7×0.9 nm), 8 (0.7×1.1 nm;) and 9 (0.7×1.4 nm;) characterized by X-Ray crystallography, microcrystal electron diffraction, UV/Vis, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and thermogravimetry. With exceptional rigidity, unique topology, great thermal stability, and perhaps tuneable optoelectronic characteristics, capsularenes hold promise for the construction of novel organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Z. Pavlović
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Lei Zhiquan
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Tyler J. Finnegan
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | | | - Xiuze Wang
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | | | - Xingrong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Curt M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Taylor Hamby
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Nicole Hoefer
- Center for Electron Microscopy and AnalysisThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - David W. McComb
- Center for Electron Microscopy and AnalysisThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA,Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Christo S. Sevov
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100W. 18 AvenueColumbusOH 43210USA
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47
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Chen S, Miao X, Zhou H, Peng C, Zhang R, Han X. Steric Hindrance Governs the Photoinduced Structural Planarization of Cycloparaphenylene Materials. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7452-7459. [PMID: 36205704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) and their derivatives are known for the unique size-dependent photophysical properties, which are largely attributed to the structural planarization-associated exciton localization, attracting substantial research attention. In this work, we show that the steric hindrance between neighboring structural units plays a key role in governing the photoinduced global/local structural planarization and electron-hole distribution features of [n]CPP materials, due to the tunable strength of H···H repulsion between neighboring units via structural modification or C-H distance variation as revealed by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. According to our results, steric hindrance controls the manner and also the extent of excited-state structural planarization, where a weak (strong) steric hindrance favors (hinders) structural planarization upon relaxation in the first excited singlet (S1) state as compared to the ground (S0)-state structure. Depending on the molecular structures, steric hindrance leads to fully delocalized, partially separated, or more localized electron-hole distributions. For example, via H···H repulsion release by manually shortening the C-H distance or by chemical substitution of C-H with N atoms, the modified [10]CPP structures show fully planarized configurations (each dihedral angle can be less than 2°) and entirely delocalized electron-hole distribution upon photorelaxation. This work provides insights into the structural origin of the unusual photophysical properties of [n]CPPs and shows the promise of steric hindrance tuning in accessing diverse excited-state features in [n]CPP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaoyu Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huanyi Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Cunjin Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077 Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiujun Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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Alfonso Hernandez L, Freixas VM, Rodriguez-Hernandez B, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S, Oldani N. Exciton-vibrational dynamics induces efficient self-trapping in a substituted nanoring. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24095-24104. [PMID: 36178044 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03162k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes, being the smallest segments of carbon nanotubes, have emerged as prototypes of the simplest carbon nanohoops. Their unique structure-dynamics-optical properties relationships have motivated a wide variety of synthesis of new related nanohoop species. Studies of how chemical changes, introduced in these new materials, lead to systems with new structural, dynamics and optical properties, expand their functionalities for optoelectronics applications. Herein, we study the effect that conjugation extension of a cycloparaphenylene through the introduction of a satellite tetraphenyl substitution has on its structural and dynamical properties. Our non-adiabatic excited state molecular dynamics simulations suggest that this substitution accelerates the electronic relaxation from the high-energy band to the lowest excited state. This is partially due to efficient conjugation achieved between specific phenyl units as introduced by the tetraphenyl substitution. We observe a particular exciton redistribution during relaxation, in which the tetraphenyl substitution plays a significant role. As a result, an efficient inter-band energy transfer takes place. Besides, the observed phonon-exciton interplay induces a significant exciton self-trapping. Our results encourage and guide the future studies of new phenyl substitutions in carbon nanorings with desired optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alfonso Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencia Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina.
| | - Victor M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina.
| | | | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Oldani
- Departamento de Ciencia Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina.
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Bu A, Zhao Y, Xiao H, Tung C, Wu L, Cong H. A Conjugated Covalent Template Strategy for All‐Benzene Catenane Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209449. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An Bu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yongye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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Prabhu S, Murugan G, Therese SK, Arulperumjothi M, Siddiqui MK. Molecular Structural Characterization of Cycloparaphenylene and its Variants. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1942082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Prabhu
- Department of Mathematics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G. Murugan
- Department of Mathematics, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Kulandai Therese
- Department of Mathematics, St. Mary’s College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Arulperumjothi
- Department of Mathematics, Loyola College, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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