1
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Guo J, Zhao W, Xiao X, Liu S, Liu L, Zhang L, Li L, Li Z, Li Z, Xu M, Peng Q, Wang J, Wei Y, Jiang N. Reprogramming exosomes for immunity-remodeled photodynamic therapy against non-small cell lung cancer. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:206-223. [PMID: 38827172 PMCID: PMC11141154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional treatments against advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high morbidity and mortality continue to be dissatisfactory. Given this situation, there is an urgent requirement for alternative modalities that provide lower invasiveness, superior clinical effectiveness, and minimal adverse effects. The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunotherapy gradually become a promising approach for high-grade malignant NSCLC. Nevertheless, owing to the absence of precise drug delivery techniques as well as the hypoxic and immunosuppressive characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the efficacy of this combination therapy approach is less than ideal. In this study, we construct a novel nanoplatform that indocyanine green (ICG), a photosensitizer, loads into hollow manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanospheres (NPs) (ICG@MnO2), and then encapsulated in PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (anti-PD-L1) reprogrammed exosomes (named ICG@MnO2@Exo-anti-PD-L1), to effectively modulate the TME to oppose NSCLC by the synergy of PDT and immunotherapy modalities. The ICG@MnO2@Exo-anti-PD-L1 NPs are precisely delivered to the tumor sites by targeting specially PD-L1 highly expressed cancer cells to controllably release anti-PD-L1 in the acidic TME, thereby activating T cell response. Subsequently, upon endocytic uptake by cancer cells, MnO2 catalyzes the conversion of H2O2 to O2, thereby alleviating tumor hypoxia. Meanwhile, ICG further utilizes O2 to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) to kill tumor cells under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. Furthermore, a high level of intratumoral H2O2 reduces MnO2 to Mn2+, which remodels the immune microenvironment by polarizing macrophages from M2 to M1, further driving T cells. Taken together, the current study suggests that the ICG@MnO2@Exo-anti-PD-L1 NPs could act as a novel drug delivery platform for achieving multimodal therapy in treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyu Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - La Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenghang Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Bijie City, Guizhou province, 551700, China
| | - Mengxia Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Bijie City, Guizhou province, 551700, China
| | - Qiling Peng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Bijie Municipal Health Bureau, Guizhou province, 551700, China
- Health Management Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
| | - Jianwei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuxian Wei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
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2
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Orleanska J, Wiecek W, Majzner K. Investigation of etravirine uptake and distribution in single aortic endothelial cells in vitro using Raman imaging. Analyst 2024; 149:4454-4463. [PMID: 39022813 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00314d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Etravirine (ETV) is an antiretroviral agent that belongs to the class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. This study explores the uptake and distribution of ETV in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) using Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. The distinctive chemical structure of ETV facilitates tracking of its uptake by observing the Raman band at 2225 cm-1 in the Raman-silent region. The perinuclear distribution pattern in HAECs depends on drug concentration and incubation time. The uptake of ETV is observed within 5 minutes at a concentration of 10 μM, as evidenced by Raman images. Lower ETV concentrations, reflective of those found in human plasma, are detectable in HAECs by applying chemometric methods to Raman spectra from the perinuclear region. The ETV accumulation process is crucial in advancing our understanding of the drug's impact on biochemical alterations within endothelial cells. Additionally, ETV emerges as a promising Raman reporter for marking subcellular compartments, leveraging the 2225 cm-1 band in the cellular Raman silent region. This research contributes valuable insights into the behavior of ETV at the subcellular level, shedding light on its potential applications and impact on subcellular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Orleanska
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Gronostajowa 2 St, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Prof. St. Lojasiewicza St 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego St 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Wiecek
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Gronostajowa 2 St, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, Gronostajowa 2 St, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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3
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Guo Y, Zhang X. Unveiling intracellular phase separation: advances in optical imaging of biomolecular condensates. Trends Biochem Sci 2024:S0968-0004(24)00163-4. [PMID: 39034215 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular biomolecular condensates, which form via phase separation, display a highly organized ultrastructure and complex properties. Recent advances in optical imaging techniques, including super-resolution microscopy and innovative microscopic methods that leverage the intrinsic properties of the molecules observed, have transcended the limitations of conventional microscopies. These advances facilitate the exploration of condensates at finer scales and in greater detail. The deployment of these emerging but sophisticated imaging tools allows for precise observations of the multiphasic organization and physicochemical properties of these condensates, shedding light on their functions in cellular processes. In this review, we highlight recent progress in methodological innovations and their profound implications for understanding the organization and dynamics of intracellular biomolecular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, PR China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, PR China.
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4
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Tipping W, Wilson LT, Tomkinson NCO, Faulds K, Graham D. Label-Free Screening of Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Spectral Phasor Analysis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:10639-10647. [PMID: 38889191 PMCID: PMC11223099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic toxicity is a leading cause of the termination of clinical trials and the withdrawal of therapeutics following regulatory approval. The detection of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is therefore of importance to ensure patient safety and the effectiveness of novel small molecules and drugs. DILI encompasses drug-induced steatosis (DIS) and drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL) which involve the accumulation of excess intracellular lipids. Here, we develop hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy as a label-free methodology for discriminating DIS and DIPL in mammalian cell culture. We demonstrate that hyperspectral SRS imaging in tandem with spectral phasor analysis is capable of discriminating DIS and DIPL based on the nature and distribution of intracellular lipids resulting from each process. To demonstrate the practical application of this methodology, we develop a panel of alkyne-tagged propranolol analogues that display varying DILI effects. Using hyperspectral SRS imaging together with spectral phasor analysis, our label-free methodology corroborated the standard fluorescence-based assay for DILI. As a label-free screening method, it offers a convenient and expedient methodology for visualizing hepatotoxicity in cell cultures which could be integrated into the early stages of the drug development process for screening new chemical entities for DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- William
J. Tipping
- Centre
for Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology
and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Liam T. Wilson
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | | | - Karen Faulds
- Centre
for Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology
and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre
for Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology
and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
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5
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Wang H, Chen B, Sun H, Zhang Y. Carbon-based molecular properties efficiently predicted by deep learning-based quantum chemical simulation with large language models. Comput Biol Med 2024; 176:108531. [PMID: 38728991 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The prediction of thermodynamic properties of carbon-based molecules based on their geometrical conformation using fluctuation and density functional theories has achieved great success in the field of energy chemistry, while the excessive computational cost provides both opportunities and challenges for the integration of machine learning. In this work, a deep learning-based quantum chemical prediction model was constructed for efficient prediction of thermodynamic properties of carbon-based molecules. We constructed a novel framework - encoding the 3D information into a large language model (LLM), which in turn generates a 2D SMILES string, while embedding a learnable encoding designed to preserve the integrity of the original 3D information, providing better structural information for the model. Additionally, we have designed an equivariant learning module to encompass representations of conformations and feature learning for conformational sampling. This framework aims to predict thermodynamic properties more accurately than learning from 2D topology alone, while providing faster computational speeds than conventional simulations. By combining machine learning and quantum chemistry, we pioneer efficient practical applications in the field of energy chemistry. Our model advances the integration of data-driven and physics-based modeling to unlock novel insights into carbon-based molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bin Chen
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hangling Sun
- Hengtu Imalligent Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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6
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Ticona Chambi J, Fandaruff C, Cuffini SL. Identification and quantification techniques of polymorphic forms - A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116038. [PMID: 38428367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, the unexpected appearance of crystalline forms could impact the therapeutic efficacy of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). For quality control, a thorough qualitative and quantitative monitoring of pharmaceutical solid forms is essential to ensure the detection and the quantification of crystalline forms, wither different or with the same chemical composition (polymorphs) at a low detection level. The purpose of this paper was to review and highlight the importance of choosing adequate solid-state techniques for detection and quantification APIs that present polymorphism - based on limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), pharmacopeias specifications, international guidelines and studies reported in the literature. To this study, the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Infrared and Raman spectroscopies and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were the solid-state techniques analyzed. Additionally, the Argentine, Brazilian, British, European, International, Japanese, Mexican and the United States of America pharmacopeias were reviewed. Based on the analysis performed, the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, as well as the LOD and LOQ values of APIs were reported. In comparison to these solid-state techniques, reference material used for identification analyses should be previously identified with the corresponding polymorph. Without this previous procedure, the patterns, the spectra, and DSC curves of the reference material can only be used to confirm the mixture of solid forms, not being able to specify which polymorphs are contained in the sample. A major advantage of PXRD is the use of the calculated diffraction patterns obtained from the Crystallographic Information Frameworks (CIFs) files which could be used as a reference pattern without any other information, assistance technique, or physical standards. Regarding the quantification aspect, different pharmacopeias suggest various methods such as the PXRD combining with Rietveld method, which can be used to obtain lower LOD values for minority phases in the mixture of different substances without the need for a calibration curve. Raman spectroscopy can detect polymorphs in small particles and solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for quantification not only crystalline but also crystalline-amorphous mixtures. Finally, this review intends to be a useful tool to control, with efficiency and accuracy, the polymorphism of APIs in pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Ticona Chambi
- Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Materiais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cinira Fandaruff
- Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Materiais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil; Laboratório de Micro e Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos /Farmanguinhos (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Silvia Lucia Cuffini
- Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Materiais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil.
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7
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Kawaguchi M, Yonetani Y, Mizuguchi T, Spratt SJ, Asanuma M, Shimizu H, Sasaki M, Ozeki Y. Visualization of Modified Bisarylbutadiyne-Tagged Small Molecules in Live-Cell Nuclei by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6643-6651. [PMID: 38626411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Visualizing the distribution of small-molecule drugs in living cells is an important strategy for developing specific, effective, and minimally toxic drugs. As an alternative to fluorescence imaging using bulky fluorophores or cell fixation, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging combined with bisarylbutadiyne (BADY) tagging enables the observation of small molecules closer to their native intracellular state. However, there is evidence that the physicochemical properties of BADY-tagged analogues of small-molecule drugs differ significantly from those of their parent drugs, potentially affecting their intracellular distribution. Herein, we developed a modified BADY to reduce deviations in physicochemical properties (in particular, lipophilicity and membrane permeability) between tagged and parent drugs, while maintaining high Raman activity in live-cell SRS imaging. We highlight the practical application of this approach by revealing the nuclear distribution of a modified BADY-tagged analogue of JQ1, a bromodomain and extra-terminal motif inhibitor with applications in targeted cancer therapy, in living HeLa cells. The modified BADY, methoxypyridazyl pyrimidyl butadiyne (MPDY), revealed intranuclear JQ1, while BADY-tagged JQ1 did not show a clear nuclear signal. We anticipate that the present approach combining MPDY tagging with live-cell SRS imaging provides important insight into the behavior of intracellular drugs and represents a promising avenue for improving drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Yonetani
- Future Technology R&D Center, Canon Inc., Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Takaha Mizuguchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Spencer J Spratt
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Masato Asanuma
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Masato Sasaki
- Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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8
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Vardaki MZ, Gregoriou VG, Chochos CL. Biomedical applications, perspectives and tag design concepts in the cell - silent Raman window. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:273-292. [PMID: 38576725 PMCID: PMC10989507 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic studies increasingly employ Raman tags exhibiting a signal in the cell - silent region of the Raman spectrum (1800-2800 cm-1), where bands arising from biological molecules are inherently absent. Raman tags bearing functional groups which contain a triple bond, such as alkyne and nitrile or a carbon-deuterium bond, have a distinct vibrational frequency in this region. Due to the lack of spectral background and cell-associated bands in the specific area, the implementation of those tags can help overcome the inherently poor signal-to-noise ratio and presence of overlapping Raman bands in measurements of biological samples. The cell - silent Raman tags allow for bioorthogonal imaging of biomolecules with improved chemical contrast and they have found application in analyte detection and monitoring, biomarker profiling and live cell imaging. This review focuses on the potential of the cell - silent Raman region, reporting on the tags employed for biomedical applications using variants of Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Z Vardaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Vasilis G Gregoriou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani Rio Patras 26504 Greece
| | - Christos L Chochos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
- Advent Technologies SA, Stadiou Street, Platani Rio Patras 26504 Greece
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9
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Schuler I, Schuler M, Frick T, Jimenez D, Maghnouj A, Hahn S, Zewail R, Gerwert K, El-Mashtoly SF. Efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors examined by a combination of Raman micro-spectroscopy and a deep wavelet scattering-based multivariate analysis framework. Analyst 2024; 149:2004-2015. [PMID: 38426854 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02235h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
HER2 is a crucial therapeutic target in breast cancer, and the survival rate of breast cancer patients has increased because of this receptor's inhibition. However, tumors have shown resistance to this therapeutic strategy due to oncogenic mutations that decrease the binding of several HER2-targeted drugs, including lapatinib, and confer resistance to this drug. Neratinib can overcome this drug resistance and effectively inhibit HER2 signaling and tumor growth. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of lapatinib and neratinib using breast cancer cells by Raman microscopy combined with a deep wavelet scattering-based multivariate analysis framework. This approach discriminated between control cells and drug-treated cells with high accuracy, compared to classical principal component analysis. Both lapatinib and neratinib induced changes in the cellular biochemical composition. Furthermore, the Raman results were compared with the results of several in vitro assays. For instance, drug-treated cells exhibited (i) inhibition of ERK and AKT phosphorylation, (ii) inhibition of cellular proliferation, (iii) cell-cycle arrest, and (iv) apoptosis as indicated by western blotting, real-time cell analysis (RTCA), cell-cycle analysis, and apoptosis assays. Thus, the observed Raman spectral changes are attributed to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. The results also indicated that neratinib is more potent than lapatinib. Moreover, the uptake and distribution of lapatinib in cells were visualized through its label-free marker bands in the fingerprint region using Raman spectral imaging. These results show the prospects of Raman microscopy in drug evaluation and presumably in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Schuler
- Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Schuler
- Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tatjana Frick
- Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dairovys Jimenez
- Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Abdelouahid Maghnouj
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology, Clinical Research Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Hahn
- Department of Molecular GI-Oncology, Clinical Research Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rami Zewail
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab, Egypt
| | - Klaus Gerwert
- Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Samir F El-Mashtoly
- Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Biophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Biotechnology Program, Institute of Basic and Applied Science, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab, Egypt
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10
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Yang Y, Bai X, Hu F. Photoswitchable polyynes for multiplexed stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with reversible light control. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2578. [PMID: 38519503 PMCID: PMC10959996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Optical imaging with photo-controllable probes has greatly advanced biological research. With superb chemical specificity of vibrational spectroscopy, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is particularly promising for super-multiplexed optical imaging with rich chemical information. Functional SRS imaging in response to light has been recently demonstrated, but multiplexed SRS imaging with reversible photocontrol remains unaccomplished. Here, we create a multiplexing palette of photoswitchable polyynes with 16 Raman frequencies by coupling asymmetric diarylethene with super-multiplexed Carbow (Carbow-switch). Through optimization of both electronic and vibrational spectroscopy, Carbow-switch displays excellent photoswitching properties under visible light control and SRS response with large frequency change and signal enhancement. Reversible and spatial-selective multiplexed SRS imaging of different organelles are demonstrated in living cells. We further achieve photo-selective time-lapse imaging of organelle dynamics during oxidative stress and protein phase separation. The development of Carbow-switch for photoswitchable SRS microscopy will open up new avenues to study complex interactions and dynamics in living cells with high spatiotemporal precision and multiplexing capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Yang
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang Bai
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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11
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Allakhverdiev ES, Kossalbayev BD, Sadvakasova AK, Bauenova MO, Belkozhayev AM, Rodnenkov OV, Martynyuk TV, Maksimov GV, Allakhverdiev SI. Spectral insights: Navigating the frontiers of biomedical and microbiological exploration with Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 252:112870. [PMID: 38368635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy (RS), a powerful analytical technique, has gained increasing recognition and utility in the fields of biomedical and biological research. Raman spectroscopic analyses find extensive application in the field of medicine and are employed for intricate research endeavors and diagnostic purposes. Consequently, it enjoys broad utilization within the realm of biological research, facilitating the identification of cellular classifications, metabolite profiling within the cellular milieu, and the assessment of pigment constituents within microalgae. This article also explores the multifaceted role of RS in these domains, highlighting its distinct advantages, acknowledging its limitations, and proposing strategies for enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvin S Allakhverdiev
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov 15А St., Moscow 121552, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Bekzhan D Kossalbayev
- Ecology Research Institute, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan, Kazakhstan; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 32, West 7th Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, 300308 Tianjin, China; Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Geology and Oil-Gas Business Institute Named after K. Turyssov, Satbayev University, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan
| | - Asemgul K Sadvakasova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Meruyert O Bauenova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan
| | - Ayaz M Belkozhayev
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Geology and Oil-Gas Business Institute Named after K. Turyssov, Satbayev University, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan; M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Oleg V Rodnenkov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov 15А St., Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Tamila V Martynyuk
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after academician E.I. Chazov, Academician Chazov 15А St., Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Georgy V Maksimov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; Institute of Basic Biological Problems, FRC PSCBR Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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12
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Liu X, Shi L, Zhao Z, Shu J, Min W. VIBRANT: spectral profiling for single-cell drug responses. Nat Methods 2024; 21:501-511. [PMID: 38374266 PMCID: PMC11214684 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
High-content cell profiling has proven invaluable for single-cell phenotyping in response to chemical perturbations. However, methods with improved throughput, information content and affordability are still needed. We present a new high-content spectral profiling method named vibrational painting (VIBRANT), integrating mid-infrared vibrational imaging, multiplexed vibrational probes and an optimized data analysis pipeline for measuring single-cell drug responses. Three infrared-active vibrational probes were designed to measure distinct essential metabolic activities in human cancer cells. More than 20,000 single-cell drug responses were collected, corresponding to 23 drug treatments. The resulting spectral profile is highly sensitive to phenotypic changes under drug perturbation. Using this property, we built a machine learning classifier to accurately predict drug mechanism of action at single-cell level with minimal batch effects. We further designed an algorithm to discover drug candidates with new mechanisms of action and evaluate drug combinations. Overall, VIBRANT has demonstrated great potential across multiple areas of phenotypic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lixue Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian Shu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Kumar BS. Recent Developments and Application of Mass Spectrometry Imaging in N-Glycosylation Studies: An Overview. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2024; 13:A0142. [PMID: 38435075 PMCID: PMC10904931 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the most typical posttranslational modifications is glycosylation, which often involves the covalent binding of an oligosaccharide (glycan) to either an asparagine (N-linked) or a serine/threonine (O-linked) residue. Studies imply that the N-glycan portion of a glycoprotein could serve as a particular disease biomarker rather than the protein itself because N-linked glycans have been widely recognized to evolve with the advancement of tumors and other diseases. N-glycans found on protein asparagine sites have been especially significant. Since N-glycans play clearly defined functions in the folding of proteins, cellular transport, and transmission of signals, modifications to them have been linked to several illnesses. However, because these N-glycans' production is not template driven, they have a substantial morphological range, rendering it difficult to distinguish the species that are most relevant to biology and medicine using standard techniques. Mass spectrometry (MS) techniques have emerged as effective analytical tools for investigating the role of glycosylation in health and illness. This is due to developments in MS equipment, data collection, and sample handling techniques. By recording the spatial dimension of a glycan's distribution in situ, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) builds atop existing methods while offering added knowledge concerning the structure and functionality of biomolecules. In this review article, we address the current development of glycan MSI, starting with the most used tissue imaging techniques and ionization sources before proceeding on to a discussion on applications and concluding with implications for clinical research.
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14
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Rensonnet A, Tipping WJ, Malherbe C, Faulds K, Eppe G, Graham D. Spectral fingerprinting of cellular lipid droplets using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and chemometric analysis. Analyst 2024; 149:553-562. [PMID: 38088863 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01684f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a powerful method for direct visualisation and compositional analysis of cellular lipid droplets. Here we report the application of spectral phasor analysis as a convenient method for the segmentation of lipid droplets using the hyperspectral SRS spectrum in the high wavenumber and fingerprint region of the spectrum. Spectral phasor analysis was shown to discriminate six fatty acids based on vibrational spectroscopic features in solution. The methodology was then applied to studying fatty acid metabolism and storage in a mammalian cancer cell model and during drug-induced steatosis in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell model. The accumulation of fatty acids into cellular lipid droplets was shown to vary as a function of the degree of unsaturation, whilst in a model of drug-induced steatosis, the detection of increased saturated fatty acid esters was observed. Taking advantage of the fingerprint and high wavenumber regions of the SRS spectrum has yielded a greater insight into lipid droplet composition in a cellular context. This approach will find application in the label-free profiling of intracellular lipids in complex disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Rensonnet
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Cedric Malherbe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, UK.
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15
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Nikolaev VV, Kistenev YV, Kröger M, Zuhayri H, Darvin ME. Review of optical methods for noninvasive imaging of skin fibroblasts-From in vitro to ex vivo and in vivo visualization. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300223. [PMID: 38018868 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are among the most common cell types in the stroma responsible for creating and maintaining the structural organization of the extracellular matrix in the dermis, skin regeneration, and a range of immune responses. Until now, the processes of fibroblast adaptation and functioning in a varying environment have not been fully understood. Modern laser microscopes are capable of studying fibroblasts in vitro and ex vivo. One-photon- and two-photon-excited fluorescence microscopy, Raman spectroscopy/microspectroscopy are well-suited noninvasive optical methods for fibroblast imaging in vitro and ex vivo. In vivo staining-free fibroblast imaging is not still implemented. The exception is fibroblast imaging in tattooed skin. Although in vivo noninvasive staining-free imaging of fibroblasts in the skin has not yet been implemented, it is expected in the future. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art in fibroblast visualization using optical methods and discusses the advantages, limitations, and prospects for future noninvasive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V Nikolaev
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yury V Kistenev
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marius Kröger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hala Zuhayri
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Borek-Dorosz A, Pieczara A, Orleanska J, Brzozowski K, Tipping W, Graham D, Bik E, Kubrak A, Baranska M, Majzner K. Raman microscopy reveals how cell inflammation activates glucose and lipid metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119575. [PMID: 37689141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism of endothelial cells (ECs) depends on the availability of the energy substrates. Since the endothelium is the first line of defence against inflammation in the cardiovascular system and its dysfunction can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases, it is important to understand how glucose metabolism changes during inflammation. In this work, glucose uptake was studied in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) in high glucose (HG), and additionally in an inflammatory state, using Raman imaging. HG state was induced by incubation of ECs with a deuterated glucose analogue, while the EC inflammation was caused by TNF-α pre-treatment. Spontaneous and stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy provided comprehensive information on biochemical changes, including lipids and the extent of unsaturation induced by excess glucose in ECs., induced by excess glucose in ECs. In this work, we indicated spectroscopic markers of metabolic changes in ECs as a strong increase in the ratio of the intensity of lipids / (proteins + lipids) bands and an increase in the level of lipid unsaturation and mitochondrial changes. Inflamed ECs treated with HG, revealed enhanced glucose uptake, and intensified lipid production i.a. of unsaturated lipids. Additionally, increased cytochrome c signal in the mitochondrial region indicated higher mitochondrial activity and biogenesis. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method for determining the metabolic markers of ED which will better inform understanding of disease onset, development, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Borek-Dorosz
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, 2 Gronostajowa Str., Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Pieczara
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, 11 Lojasiewicza St., Krakow, Poland
| | - Jagoda Orleanska
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, 2 Gronostajowa Str., Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, 11 Lojasiewicza St., Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Brzozowski
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, 2 Gronostajowa Str., Krakow, Poland
| | - William Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ewelina Bik
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., Krakow, Poland; Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Str., Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Kubrak
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, 2 Gronostajowa Str., Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, 2 Gronostajowa Str., Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Physics, 2 Gronostajowa Str., Krakow, Poland.
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17
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Murphy N, Tipping WJ, Braddick HJ, Wilson LT, Tomkinson NCO, Faulds K, Graham D, Farràs P. Expanding the Range of Bioorthogonal Tags for Multiplex Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311530. [PMID: 37821742 PMCID: PMC10952743 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex optical detection in live cells is challenging due to overlapping signals and poor signal-to-noise associated with some chemical reporters. To address this, the application of spectral phasor analysis to stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy for unmixing three bioorthogonal Raman probes within cells is reported. Triplex detection of a metallacarborane using the B-H stretch at 2480-2650 cm-1 , together with a bis-alkyne and deuterated fatty acid can be achieved within the cell-silent region of the Raman spectrum. When coupled to imaging in the high-wavenumber region of the cellular Raman spectrum, nine discrete regions of interest can be spectrally unmixed from the hyperspectral SRS dataset, demonstrating a new capability in the toolkit of multiplexed Raman imaging of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville Murphy
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91CF50Ireland
- CÚRAM, The SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
| | - William J. Tipping
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyWestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation CentreUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1RDUnited Kingdom
| | - Henry J. Braddick
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUnited Kingdom
| | - Liam T. Wilson
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyWestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation CentreUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1RDUnited Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyWestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation CentreUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1RDUnited Kingdom
| | - Pau Farràs
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91CF50Ireland
- CÚRAM, The SFI Research Centre for Medical DevicesUniversity of GalwayGalwayH91 W2TYIreland
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18
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Mao W, Bui HTD, Cho W, Yoo HS. Spectroscopic techniques for monitoring stem cell and organoid proliferation in 3D environments for therapeutic development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115074. [PMID: 37619771 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic techniques for monitoring stem cell and organoid proliferation have gained significant attention in therapeutic development. Spectroscopic techniques such as fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy offer noninvasive and real-time monitoring of biochemical and biophysical changes that occur during stem cell and organoid proliferation. These techniques provide valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms of action of potential therapeutic agents, allowing for improved drug discovery and screening. This review highlights the importance of spectroscopic monitoring of stem cell and organoid proliferation and its potential impact on therapeutic development. Furthermore, this review discusses recent advances in spectroscopic techniques and their applications in stem cell and organoid research. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of spectroscopic techniques as valuable tools for studying stem cell and organoid proliferation and their potential to revolutionize therapeutic development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoai-Thuong Duc Bui
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanho Cho
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institue of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Spencer-Dene B, Mukherjee P, Alex A, Bera K, Tseng WJ, Shi J, Chaney EJ, Spillman DR, Marjanovic M, Miranda E, Boppart SA, Hood SR. Localization of unlabeled bepirovirsen antisense oligonucleotide in murine tissues using in situ hybridization and CARS imaging. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:1575-1590. [PMID: 37460153 PMCID: PMC10578491 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079699.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for detecting unlabeled antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drugs rely on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or conjugated molecules, which lack sufficient sensitivity, specificity, and resolution to fully investigate their biodistribution. Our aim was to demonstrate the qualitative and quantitative distribution of unlabeled bepirovirsen, a clinical stage ASO, in livers and kidneys of dosed mice using novel staining and imaging technologies at subcellular resolution. ASOs were detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and frozen tissues using an automated chromogenic in situ hybridization (ISH) assay: miRNAscope. This was then combined with immunohistochemical detection of cell lineage markers. ASO distribution in hepatocytes versus nonparenchymal cell lineages was quantified using HALO AI image analysis. To complement this, hyperspectral coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (HS-CARS) imaging microscopy was used to specifically detect the unique cellular Raman spectral signatures following ASO treatment. Bepirovirsen was localized primarily in nonparenchymal liver cells and proximal renal tubules. Codetection of ASO with distinct cell lineage markers of liver and kidney populations aided target cell identity facilitating quantification. Positive liver signal was quantified using HALO AI, with 12.9% of the ASO localized to the hepatocytes and 87.1% in nonparenchymal cells. HS-CARS imaging specifically detected ASO fingerprints based on the unique vibrational signatures following unlabeled ASO treatment in a totally nonperturbative manner at subcellular resolution. Together, these novel detection and imaging modalities represent a significant increase in our ability to detect unlabeled ASOs in tissues, demonstrating improved levels of specificity and resolution. These methods help us understand their underlying mechanisms of action and ultimately improve the therapeutic potential of these important drugs for treating globally significant human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Spencer-Dene
- In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, BioImaging, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Prabuddha Mukherjee
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Aneesh Alex
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, BioImaging, GSK, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | - Kajari Bera
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Wei-Ju Tseng
- In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, BioImaging, GSK, Upper Providence, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | - Jindou Shi
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Eric J Chaney
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Darold R Spillman
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Elena Miranda
- In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, BioImaging, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Steve R Hood
- In Vitro/In Vivo Translation, BioImaging, GSK, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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20
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Darvin ME. Optical Methods for Non-Invasive Determination of Skin Penetration: Current Trends, Advances, Possibilities, Prospects, and Translation into In Vivo Human Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2272. [PMID: 37765241 PMCID: PMC10538180 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on the penetration depth, pathways, metabolization, storage of vehicles, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and functional cosmetic ingredients (FCIs) of topically applied formulations or contaminants (substances) in skin is of great importance for understanding their interaction with skin targets, treatment efficacy, and risk assessment-a challenging task in dermatology, cosmetology, and pharmacy. Non-invasive methods for the qualitative and quantitative visualization of substances in skin in vivo are favored and limited to optical imaging and spectroscopic methods such as fluorescence/reflectance confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); two-photon tomography (2PT) combined with autofluorescence (2PT-AF), fluorescence lifetime imaging (2PT-FLIM), second-harmonic generation (SHG), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and reflectance confocal microscopy (2PT-RCM); three-photon tomography (3PT); confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM); surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) micro-spectroscopy; stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy; and optical coherence tomography (OCT). This review summarizes the state of the art in the use of the CLSM, 2PT, 3PT, CRM, SERS, SRS, and OCT optical methods to study skin penetration in vivo non-invasively (302 references). The advantages, limitations, possibilities, and prospects of the reviewed optical methods are comprehensively discussed. The ex vivo studies discussed are potentially translatable into in vivo measurements. The requirements for the optical properties of substances to determine their penetration into skin by certain methods are highlighted.
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21
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Goel A, Tsikritsis D, Belsey NA, Pendlington R, Glavin S, Chen T. Measurement of chemical penetration in skin using Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and multivariate curve resolution - alternating least squares. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122639. [PMID: 36989692 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic understanding of skin penetration underpins the design, efficacy and risk assessment of many high-value products including functional personal care products, topical and transdermal drugs. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, a label free chemical imaging tool, combines molecular spectroscopy with submicron spatial information to map the distribution of chemicals as they penetrate the skin. However, the quantification of penetration is hampered by significant interference from Raman signals of skin constituents. This study reports a method for disentangling exogeneous contributions and measuring their permeation profile through human skin combining SRS measurements with chemometrics. We investigated the spectral decomposition capability of multivariate curve resolution - alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) using hyperspectral SRS images of skin dosed with 4-cyanophenol. By performing MCR-ALS on the fingerprint region spectral data, the distribution of 4-cyanophenol in skin was estimated in an attempt to quantify the amount permeated at different depths. The reconstructed distribution was compared with the experimental mapping of CN, a strong vibrational peak in 4-cyanophenol where the skin is spectroscopically silent. The similarity between MCR-ALS resolved and experimental distribution in skin dosed for 4 h was 0.79 which improved to 0.91 for skin dosed for 1 h. The correlation was observed to be lower for deeper layers of skin where SRS signal intensity is low which is an indication of low sensitivity of SRS. This work is the first demonstration, to the best of our knowledge, of combining SRS imaging technique with spectral unmixing methods for direct observation and mapping of the chemical penetration and distribution in biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukrati Goel
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Dimitrios Tsikritsis
- Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Natalie A Belsey
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; Chemical & Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Ruth Pendlington
- Unilever Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Stephen Glavin
- Unilever Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
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22
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Morgan DC, McDougall L, Knuhtsen A, Jamieson AG. Development of Bifunctional, Raman Active Diyne-Girder Stapled α-Helical Peptides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300855. [PMID: 37130830 PMCID: PMC10946806 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stapled peptides are a unique class of cyclic α-helical peptides that are conformationally constrained via their amino acid side-chains. They have been transformative to the field of chemical biology and peptide drug discovery through addressing many of the physicochemical limitations of linear peptides. However, there are several issues with current chemical strategies to produce stapled peptides. For example, two distinct unnatural amino acids are required to synthesize i, i+7 alkene stapled peptides, leading to high production costs. Furthermore, low purified yields are obtained due to cis/trans isomers produced during ring-closing metathesis macrocyclisation. Here we report the development of a new i, i+7 diyne-girder stapling strategy that addresses these issues. The asymmetric synthesis of nine unnatural Fmoc-protected alkyne-amino acids facilitated a systematic study to determine the optimal (S,S)-stereochemistry and 14-carbon diyne-girder bridge length. Diyne-girder stapled T-STAR peptide 29 was demonstrated to have excellent helicity, cell permeability and stability to protease degradation. Finally, we demonstrate that the diyne-girder constraint is a Raman chromophore with potential use in Raman cell microscopy. Development of this highly effective, bifunctional diyne-girder stapling strategy leads us to believe that it can be used to produce other stapled peptide probes and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C. Morgan
- School of ChemistryAdvanced Research CentreUniversity of Glasgow11 Chapel LaneGlasgowG11 6EWUK
| | - Laura McDougall
- School of ChemistryAdvanced Research CentreUniversity of Glasgow11 Chapel LaneGlasgowG11 6EWUK
| | - Astrid Knuhtsen
- School of ChemistryAdvanced Research CentreUniversity of Glasgow11 Chapel LaneGlasgowG11 6EWUK
| | - Andrew G. Jamieson
- School of ChemistryAdvanced Research CentreUniversity of Glasgow11 Chapel LaneGlasgowG11 6EWUK
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23
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Cutshaw G, Uthaman S, Hassan N, Kothadiya S, Wen X, Bardhan R. The Emerging Role of Raman Spectroscopy as an Omics Approach for Metabolic Profiling and Biomarker Detection toward Precision Medicine. Chem Rev 2023; 123:8297-8346. [PMID: 37318957 PMCID: PMC10626597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Omics technologies have rapidly evolved with the unprecedented potential to shape precision medicine. Novel omics approaches are imperative toallow rapid and accurate data collection and integration with clinical information and enable a new era of healthcare. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the utility of Raman spectroscopy (RS) as an emerging omics technology for clinically relevant applications using clinically significant samples and models. We discuss the use of RS both as a label-free approach for probing the intrinsic metabolites of biological materials, and as a labeled approach where signal from Raman reporters conjugated to nanoparticles (NPs) serve as an indirect measure for tracking protein biomarkers in vivo and for high throughout proteomics. We summarize the use of machine learning algorithms for processing RS data to allow accurate detection and evaluation of treatment response specifically focusing on cancer, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight the integration of RS with established omics approaches for holistic diagnostic information. Further, we elaborate on metal-free NPs that leverage the biological Raman-silent region overcoming the challenges of traditional metal NPs. We conclude the review with an outlook on future directions that will ultimately allow the adaptation of RS as a clinical approach and revolutionize precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cutshaw
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Saji Uthaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Nora Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Siddhant Kothadiya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
| | - Xiaona Wen
- Biologics Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Rizia Bardhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50012, USA
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24
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Ravindra MP, Lee M, Dimova S, Steven CF, Bluntzer MTJ, Brunton VG, Hulme AN. Stretching the Bisalkyne Raman Spectral Palette Reveals a New Electrophilic Covalent Motif. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300953. [PMID: 37014262 PMCID: PMC10946950 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Small heteroaryl-diyne (Het-DY) tags with distinct vibrational frequencies, and physiologically relevant cLog P were designed for multiplexed bioorthogonal Raman imaging. Pd-Cu catalyzed coupling, combined with the use of Lei ligand, was shown to improve overall yields of the desired heterocoupled Het-DY tags, minimizing the production of homocoupled side-products. Spectral data were in agreement with the trends predicted by DFT calculations and systematic introduction of electron- rich/poor rings stretched the frequency limit of aryl-capped diynes (2209-2243 cm-1 ). The improved Log P of these Het-DY tags was evident from their diffuse distribution in cellular uptake studies and functionalizing tags with organelle markers allowed the acquisition of location-specific biological images. LC-MS- and NMR-based assays showed that some heteroaryl-capped internal alkynes are potential nucleophile traps with structure-dependent reactivity. These biocompatible Het-DY tags, equipped with covalent reactivity, open up new avenues for Raman bioorthogonal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Punaha Ravindra
- School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Martin Lee
- Edinburgh Cancer ResearchInstitute of Genetics & CancerUniversity of EdinburghCrewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XRUK
| | - Silviya Dimova
- Edinburgh Cancer ResearchInstitute of Genetics & CancerUniversity of EdinburghCrewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XRUK
| | - Craig F. Steven
- School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
- Edinburgh Cancer ResearchInstitute of Genetics & CancerUniversity of EdinburghCrewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XRUK
| | - Marie T. J. Bluntzer
- School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Valerie G. Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer ResearchInstitute of Genetics & CancerUniversity of EdinburghCrewe Road SouthEdinburghEH4 2XRUK
| | - Alison N. Hulme
- School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
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25
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Abstract
Lipids are essential cellular components forming membranes, serving as energy reserves, and acting as chemical messengers. Dysfunction in lipid metabolism and signaling is associated with a wide range of diseases including cancer and autoimmunity. Heterogeneity in cell behavior including lipid signaling is increasingly recognized as a driver of disease and drug resistance. This diversity in cellular responses as well as the roles of lipids in health and disease drive the need to quantify lipids within single cells. Single-cell lipid assays are challenging due to the small size of cells (∼1 pL) and the large numbers of lipid species present at concentrations spanning orders of magnitude. A growing number of methodologies enable assay of large numbers of lipid analytes, perform high-resolution spatial measurements, or permit highly sensitive lipid assays in single cells. Covered in this review are mass spectrometry, Raman imaging, and fluorescence-based assays including microscopy and microseparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; , ,
| | | | - Nancy L Allbritton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; , ,
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26
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Grassi E, Laptenok SP, Genchi L, Serdaroglu A, Liberale C. Frequency-modulation stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with an acousto-optic tunable filter. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:18290-18299. [PMID: 37381542 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is increasingly employed for highly specific, label-free, and high-speed bioimaging. Despite its benefits, SRS is susceptible to spurious background signals caused by competing effects, which lower the possible imaging contrast and sensitivity. An efficient approach to suppress these undesired background signals is frequency-modulation (FM) SRS, which exploits the competing effects' weak spectral dependence compared to the SRS signal's high spectral specificity. We propose an FM-SRS scheme realized with an acousto-optic tunable filter, which presents a few advantages compared to other solutions presented in the literature. In particular, it can perform automated measurements from the fingerprint to the CH-stretching region of the vibrational spectrum without any manual adjustment of the optical setup. Moreover, it allows simple all-electronic control of the spectral separation and relative intensities of the pair of probed wavenumbers.
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27
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Hislop EW, Tipping WJ, Faulds K, Graham D. Label-Free Cytometric Evaluation of Mitosis via Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Spectral Phasor Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7244-7253. [PMID: 37097612 PMCID: PMC10173251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a robust imaging tool for the analysis of biological systems. Here, we present a unique perspective, a label-free spatiotemporal map of mitosis, by integrating hyperspectral SRS microscopy with advanced chemometrics to assess the intrinsic biomolecular properties of an essential process of mammalian life. The application of spectral phasor analysis to multiwavelength SRS images in the high-wavenumber (HWN) region of the Raman spectrum enabled the segmentation of subcellular organelles based on innate SRS spectra. Traditional imaging of DNA is primarily reliant on using fluorescent probes or stains which can affect the biophysical properties of the cell. Here, we demonstrate the label-free visualization of nuclear dynamics during mitosis coupled with an evaluation of its spectral profile in a rapid and reproducible manner. These results provide a snapshot of the cell division cycle and chemical variability between intracellular compartments in single-cell models, which is central to understanding the molecular foundations of these fundamental biological processes. The evaluation of HWN images by phasor analysis also facilitated the differentiation between cells in separate phases of the cell cycle based solely on their nuclear SRS spectral signal, which offers an interesting label-free approach in combination with flow cytometry. Therefore, this study demonstrates that SRS microscopy combined with spectral phasor analysis is a valuable method for detailed optical fingerprinting at the subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan W Hislop
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
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28
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Maciel Tabosa MA, Vitry P, Zarmpi P, Bunge AL, Belsey NA, Tsikritsis D, Woodman TJ, White KAJ, Delgado-Charro MB, Guy RH. Quantification of Chemical Uptake into the Skin by Vibrational Spectroscopies and Stratum Corneum Sampling. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2527-2535. [PMID: 37053523 PMCID: PMC10155209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the bioavailability of drugs intended to act within the skin following the application of complex topical products requires the application of multiple experimental tools, which must be quantitative, validated, and, ideally and ultimately, sufficiently minimally invasive to permit use in vivo. The objective here is to show that both infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies can assess the uptake of a chemical into the stratum corneum (SC) that correlates directly with its quantification by the adhesive tape-stripping method. Experiments were performed ex vivo using excised porcine skin and measured chemical disposition in the SC as functions of application time and formulation composition. The quantity of chemicals in the SC removed on each tape-strip was determined from the individually measured IR and Raman signal intensities of a specific molecular vibration at a frequency where the skin is spectroscopically silent and by a subsequent conventional extraction and chromatographic analysis. Correlations between the spectroscopic results and the chemical quantification on the tape-strips were good, and the effects of longer application times and the use of different vehicles were clearly delineated by the different measurement techniques. Based on this initial investigation, it is now possible to explore the extent to which the spectroscopic approach (and Raman in particular) may be used to interrogate chemical disposition deeper in the skin and beyond the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pauline Vitry
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Panagiota Zarmpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Annette L Bunge
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Natalie A Belsey
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Dimitrios Tsikritsis
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Timothy J Woodman
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - K A Jane White
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | | | - Richard H Guy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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29
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Zhong W, Oda R, Ozeki Y, Yasui M, Nuriya M. Protocol to image deuterated propofol in living rat neurons using multimodal stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102221. [PMID: 37060560 PMCID: PMC10140144 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Propofol is a widely used anesthetic important in clinics, but like many other bioactive molecules, it is too small to be tagged and visualized by fluorescent dyes. Here, we present a protocol to visualize deuterated propofol in living rat neurons using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy with carbon-deuterium bonds serving as a Raman tag. We describe the preparation and culture of rat neurons, followed by optimization of the SRS system. We then detail neuron loading and real-time imaging of anesthesia dynamics. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Oda et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Robert Oda
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ozeki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Nuriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-1 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
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30
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Braddick HJ, Tipping WJ, Wilson LT, Jaconelli HS, Grant EK, Faulds K, Graham D, Tomkinson NCO. Determination of Intracellular Esterase Activity Using Ratiometric Raman Sensing and Spectral Phasor Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5369-5376. [PMID: 36926851 PMCID: PMC10061367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CEs) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of esters in a variety of endogenous and exogenous molecules. CEs play an important role in drug metabolism, in the onset and progression of disease, and can be harnessed for prodrug activation strategies. As such, the regulation of CEs is an important clinical and pharmaceutical consideration. Here, we report the first ratiometric sensor for CE activity using Raman spectroscopy based on a bisarylbutadiyne scaffold. The sensor was shown to be highly sensitive and specific for CE detection and had low cellular cytotoxicity. In hepatocyte cells, the ratiometric detection of esterase activity was possible, and the result was validated by multimodal imaging with standard viability stains used for fluorescence microscopy within the same cell population. In addition, we show that the detection of localized ultraviolet damage in a mixed cell population was possible using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy coupled with spectral phasor analysis. This sensor demonstrates the practical advantages of low molecular weight sensors that are detected using ratiometric Raman imaging and will have applications in drug discovery and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Braddick
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Liam T Wilson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Harry S Jaconelli
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Emma K Grant
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Nicholas C O Tomkinson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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31
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Woodhouse N, Majer J, Marshall P, Hood S, Notingher I. Quantification of Drugs in Brain and Liver Mimetic Tissue Models Using Raman Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 77:246-260. [PMID: 36320126 PMCID: PMC10034474 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221139494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of drug delivery with in biological systems is an integral challenge in drug development. Analytical techniques are important for assessing both drug target delivery, target action, and drug toxicology. Using mimetic tissue models, we have investigated the efficacy of Raman spectroscopy in quantitative detection of alkyne group and deuterated drugs in rat brain and rat liver tissue models. Lasers with 671 nm and 785 nm wavelengths were assessed for their feasibility in this application due to opposing relative benefits and disadvantages. Thin tissue sections have been tested as a practical means of reducing autofluorescent background by minimizing out-of-focus tissue and therefore maximizing photobleaching rates. Alkyne-tagged drugs were quantitatively measured at 18 ± 5 μg/g drug/tissue mass ratio in rat brain and at 34 ± 6 μg/g in rat liver. Quantification calibration curves were generated for a range of concentrations from 0-500 μg/g. These results show the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a diffraction-limited spatially resolved imaging technique for assessing drug delivery in tissue applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Woodhouse
- School of Physics and Astronomy,
University
of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ioan Notingher
- School of Physics and Astronomy,
University
of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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32
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Xia L, Chen M, Dong C, Liu F, Huang H, Feng W, Chen Y. Spatiotemporal Ultrasound-Driven Bioorthogonal Catalytic Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209179. [PMID: 36529698 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry, referring to the rapid and selective synthesis of imaging and/or therapeutic molecules in live animals via transition metal-mediated non-natural chemical transformation without disrupting endogenous reactions, has greatly expanded the tools and techniques for biomedicine. However, owing to safety concerns associated with metal toxicity, selectivity, sensitivity and stability, efficient bioorthogonal reactions that can be reliably executed in complex biological environments remain challenging. In this study, an intelligent, versatile bioorthogonal catalyst based on ultrasmall poly(acrylic acid)-modified copper nanocomplexes (Cu@PAA NCs) to achieve high spatiotemporal catalytic efficacy is established. The catalytic activity of the Cu@PAA NCs can be reversibly regulated via valence state interconversion between Cu(II) and Cu(I) under exogenous ultrasound irradiation, promoting off-target prodrug activation in lesion sites through the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Moreover, ultrasound-triggered electron-hole separation endows the Cu@PAA NCs with robust sonosensitizing ability for sonodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the Cu@PAA NCs exhibit enhanced contrast in magnetic resonance and photoacoustic imaging. Notably, the renal-clearable Cu@PAA NCs exhibit intrinsically benign biocompatibility. This spatiotemporally ultrasound-mediated bioorthogonal catalysis not only expands the repertoire of in situ therapeutic agents but also provides a new avenue for disease theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Caihong Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feipeng Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hui Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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33
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Tentellino C, Tipping WJ, McGee LMC, Bain LM, Wetherill C, Laing S, Tyson-Hirst I, Suckling CJ, Beveridge R, Scott FJ, Faulds K, Graham D. Ratiometric imaging of minor groove binders in mammalian cells using Raman microscopy. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1403-1415. [PMID: 36544571 PMCID: PMC9709774 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative drug imaging in live cells is a major challenge in drug discovery and development. Many drug screening techniques are performed in solution, and therefore do not consider the impact of the complex cellular environment in their result. As such, important features of drug-cell interactions may be overlooked. In this study, Raman microscopy is used as a powerful technique for semi-quantitative imaging of Strathclyde-minor groove binders (S-MGBs) in mammalian cells under biocompatible imaging conditions. Raman imaging determined the influence of the tail group of two novel minor groove binders (S-MGB-528 and S-MGB-529) in mammalian cell models. These novel S-MGBs contained alkyne moieties which enabled analysis in the cell-silent region of the Raman spectrum. The intracellular uptake concentration, distribution and mechanism were evaluated as a function of the pK a of the tail group, morpholine and amidine, for S-MGB-528 and S-MGB-529, respectively. Although S-MGB-529 had a higher binding affinity to the minor groove of DNA in solution-phase measurements, the Raman imaging data indicated that S-MGB-528 showed a greater degree of intracellular accumulation. Furthermore, using high resolution stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, the initial localisation of S-MGB-528 was shown to be in the nucleus before accumulation in the lysosome, which was demonstrated using a multimodal imaging approach. This study highlights the potential of Raman spectroscopy for semi-quantitative drug imaging studies and highlights the importance of imaging techniques to investigate drug-cell interactions, to better inform the drug design process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tentellino
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - William J. Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of StrathclydeGlasgow G1 1RDUK
| | - Leah M. C. McGee
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Laura M. Bain
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Corinna Wetherill
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Stacey Laing
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Izaak Tyson-Hirst
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Rebecca Beveridge
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Fraser J. Scott
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
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34
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Mitrea DM, Mittasch M, Gomes BF, Klein IA, Murcko MA. Modulating biomolecular condensates: a novel approach to drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:841-862. [PMID: 35974095 PMCID: PMC9380678 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, membraneless assemblies known as biomolecular condensates have been reported to play key roles in many cellular functions by compartmentalizing specific proteins and nucleic acids in subcellular environments with distinct properties. Furthermore, growing evidence supports the view that biomolecular condensates often form by phase separation, in which a single-phase system demixes into a two-phase system consisting of a condensed phase and a dilute phase of particular biomolecules. Emerging understanding of condensate function in normal and aberrant cellular states, and of the mechanisms of condensate formation, is providing new insights into human disease and revealing novel therapeutic opportunities. In this Perspective, we propose that such insights could enable a previously unexplored drug discovery approach based on identifying condensate-modifying therapeutics (c-mods), and we discuss the strategies, techniques and challenges involved.
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35
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Li M, Liao HX, Bando K, Nawa Y, Fujita S, Fujita K. Label-Free Monitoring of Drug-Induced Cytotoxicity and Its Molecular Fingerprint by Live-Cell Raman and Autofluorescence Imaging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10019-10026. [PMID: 35786862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous observation of drug distribution at the effector site and subsequent cell response are essential in the drug development process. However, few studies have visualized the drug itself and biomolecular interactions in living cells. Here, we used label-free Raman microscopy to investigate drug-induced cytotoxicity and visualize drug uptake and subcellular localization by its specific molecular fingerprint. A redox-sensitive Raman microscope detected the decrease of reduced cytochrome c (cyt c) after Actinomycin D (ActD) treatment in a time-dependent and dose-dependent format. Immunofluorescence staining of cyt c suggested that the release of cyt c was not the major cause. Combining Raman microscopy with conventional biological methods, we reported that the oxidization of cyt c is an early cytotoxicity marker prior to the release of cyt c. Moreover, as the spectral properties of ActD are sensitive to the surrounding environment, subcellular localization of ActD was visualized sensitively by the weak autofluorescence, and the intercalation of ActD into DNA was detected by shifted Raman peaks, allowing for parallel observation of drug uptake and the mechanism of action. In this research, we achieved simultaneous observation of cytotoxicity and cellular drug uptake by Raman microscopy, which could facilitate a precise understanding of pharmacological effects and predict potential drug toxicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 YamadaokaSuita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hao-Xiang Liao
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Bando
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasunori Nawa
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 YamadaokaSuita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 YamadaokaSuita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 YamadaokaSuita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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36
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Hislop EW, Tipping WJ, Faulds K, Graham D. Label-Free Imaging of Lipid Droplets in Prostate Cells Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Multivariate Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8899-8908. [PMID: 35699644 PMCID: PMC9244870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hyperspectral stimulated
Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a
powerful imaging modality for the analysis of biological systems.
Here, we report the application of k-means cluster
analysis (KMCA) of multi-wavelength SRS images in the high-wavenumber
region of the Raman spectrum as a robust and reliable method for the
segmentation of cellular organelles based on the intrinsic SRS spectrum.
KMCA has been applied to the study of the endogenous lipid biochemistry
of prostate cancer and prostate healthy cell models, while the corresponding
SRS spectrum of the lipid droplet (LD) cluster enabled direct comparison
of their composition. The application of KMCA in visualizing the LD
content of prostate cell models following the inhibition of de novo
lipid synthesis (DNL) using the acetyl-coA carboxylase inhibitor,
5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid (TOFA), is demonstrated. This method
identified a reliance of prostate cancer cell models upon DNL for
metabolic requirements, with a significant reduction in the cellular
LD content after treatment with TOFA, which was not observed in normal
prostate cell models. SRS imaging combined with KMCA is a robust method
for investigating drug–cell interactions in a label-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan W Hislop
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
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Steven CF, Lee M, Nichol GS, Davey PRJ, Chiarparin E, Brunton VG, Hulme AN. Design, Synthesis, and Analytical Evaluation of Fsp3‐Inspired Raman Probes for Cellular Imaging. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig F. Steven
- The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Martin Lee
- The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre Institute of Genetics and CancerCrewe Road South EH4 2XR Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- The University of Edinburgh School of Chemistry Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Paul R. J. Davey
- AstraZeneca plc Oncology R&D AstraZeneca CB4 0WG Cambridge UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Valerie G. Brunton
- The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre Institute of Genetics and CancerCrewe Road South EH4 2XR Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Alison Nicola Hulme
- The University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine EaStCHEM School of Chemistry Joseph Black BuildingDavid Brewster Road EH9 3FJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
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38
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Wang X, Tao M, Dai G, Wu J, Miao Z, Han S, Yu H, Lin X. Design of coherent wideband radiation process in a Nd 3+-doped high entropy glass system. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:181. [PMID: 35701403 PMCID: PMC9197846 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We discover that the spatially coherent radiation within a certain frequency range can be obtained without a common nonlinear optical process. Conventionally, the emission spectra were obtained by de-exciting excited centers from real excited energy levels to the ground state. Our findings are achieved by deploying a high-entropy glass system (HEGS) doped with neodymium ions. The HEGS exhibits a much broader infrared absorption than common glass systems, which can be attributed to be high-frequency optical branch phonons or allowable multi-phonon processes caused by phonon broadening in the system. A broadened phonon-assisted wideband radiation (BPAWR) is induced if the pump laser is absorbed by the system. The subsequent low-threshold self-absorption coherence modulation (SACM) can be controlled by changing excitation wavelengths, sample size, and doping concentrations. The SACM can be red-shifted through the emission of phonons of the excited species and be blue-shifted by absorbing phonons before they are de-excited. There is a time delay up to 1.66 ns between the pump pulse and the BPAWR when measured after traveling through a 35 mm long sample, which is much longer than the Raman process. The BPAWR-SACM can amplify the centered non-absorption band with a gain up to 26.02 dB. These results reveal that the shift of the novel radiation is determined by the frequency of the non-absorption band near the absorption region, and therefore the emission shifts can be modulated by changing the absorption spectrum. When used in fiber lasers, the BPAWR-SACM process may help to achieve tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde Zhang
- Laboratory of All-solid-state Light Sources, Beijing Engineering Research Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of All-solid-state Light Sources, Beijing Engineering Research Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Synlumin Conuninex (Shanghai) Enterprise Development Co., Ltd., 201401 Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Tao
- Time-wave-space Optical Technology (Xiaogan) Co., Ltd., 432012 Xiaogan, Hubei, China
| | - Gangtao Dai
- High-dimensional Plasma Sources Technology (Xiaogan) Co., Ltd., 432012 Xiaogan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Time-wave-space Optical Technology (Xiaogan) Co., Ltd., 432012 Xiaogan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhangwang Miao
- Laboratory of All-solid-state Light Sources, Beijing Engineering Research Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Shifei Han
- Laboratory of All-solid-state Light Sources, Beijing Engineering Research Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Haijuan Yu
- Laboratory of All-solid-state Light Sources, Beijing Engineering Research Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Xuechun Lin
- Laboratory of All-solid-state Light Sources, Beijing Engineering Research Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083 Beijing, China.
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39
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Brzozowski K, Matuszyk E, Pieczara A, Firlej J, Nowakowska AM, Baranska M. Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy in chemistry and life science - Development, innovation, perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108003. [PMID: 35690271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present a summary of the basics of the Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) phenomenon, methods of detecting the signal, and collection of the SRS images. We demonstrate the advantages of SRS imaging, and recent developments, but also the limitations, especially in image capture speeds and spatial resolution. We also compare the use of SRS microscopy in biological system studies with other techniques such as fluorescence microscopy, second-harmonic generation (SHG)-based microscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and spontaneous Raman, and we show the compatibility of SRS-based systems with other discussed methods. The review is also focused on indicating innovations in SRS microscopy, on the background of which we present the layout and performance of our homemade setup built from commercially available elements enabling for imaging of the molecular structure of single cells over the spectral range of 800-3600 cm-1. Methods of image analysis are discussed, including machine learning methods for obtaining images of the distribution of selected molecules and for the detection of pathological lesions in tissues or malignant cells in the context of clinical diagnosis of a wide range of diseases with the use of SRS microscopy. Finally, perspectives for the development of SRS microscopy are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brzozowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - E Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Pieczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - J Firlej
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
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40
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Hilzenrat G, Gill ET, McArthur SL. Imaging approaches for monitoring three-dimensional cell and tissue culture systems. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100380. [PMID: 35357086 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an increasing demand for more complex, reproducible and physiologically relevant tissue cultures that can mimic the structural and biological features of living tissues. Monitoring the viability, development and responses of such tissues in real-time are challenging due to the complexities of cell culture physical characteristics and the environments in which these cultures need to be maintained in. Significant developments in optics, such as optical manipulation, improved detection and data analysis, have made optical imaging a preferred choice for many three-dimensional (3D) cell culture monitoring applications. The aim of this review is to discuss the challenges associated with imaging and monitoring 3D tissues and cell culture, and highlight topical label-free imaging tools that enable bioengineers and biophysicists to non-invasively characterise engineered living tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geva Hilzenrat
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma T Gill
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally L McArthur
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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41
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Tipping WJ, Wilson LT, An C, Leventi AA, Wark AW, Wetherill C, Tomkinson NCO, Faulds K, Graham D. Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with spectral phasor analysis: applications in assessing drug-cell interactions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3468-3476. [PMID: 35432863 PMCID: PMC8943890 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06976d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins have displayed significant, although heterogeneous, anti-tumour activity in breast cancer disease progression and recurrence. They offer promise as a class of drugs, normally used for cardiovascular disease control, that could have a significant impact on the treatment of cancer. Understanding their mode of action and accurately assessing their efficacy on live cancer cells is an important and significant challenge. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a powerful, label-free imaging technique that can rapidly characterise the biochemical responses of live cell populations following drug treatment. Here, we demonstrate multi-wavelength SRS imaging together with spectral phasor analysis to characterise a panel of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells) treated with two clinically relevant statins, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. Label-free SRS imaging within the high wavenumber region of the Raman spectrum (2800–3050 cm−1) revealed the lipid droplet distribution throughout populations of live breast cancer cells using biocompatible imaging conditions. A spectral phasor analysis of the hyperspectral dataset enables rapid differentiation of discrete cellular compartments based on their intrinsic SRS characteristics. Applying the spectral phasor method to studying statin treated cells identified a lipid accumulating phenotype in cell populations which displayed the lowest sensitivity to statin treatment, whilst a weaker lipid accumulating phenotype was associated with a potent reduction in cell viability. This study provides an insight into potential resistance mechanisms of specific cancer cells towards treatment with statins. Label-free SRS imaging provides a novel and innovative technique for phenotypic assessment of drug-induced effects across different cellular populations and enables effective analysis of drug–cell interactions at the subcellular scale. Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with spectral phasor analysis provides a label-free approach for phenotypic evaluation of drug-induced effects.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Liam T Wilson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Connie An
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Aristea A Leventi
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Alastair W Wark
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Corinna Wetherill
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | | | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1RD UK
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42
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Gaba F, Tipping WJ, Salji M, Faulds K, Graham D, Leung HY. Raman Spectroscopy in Prostate Cancer: Techniques, Applications and Advancements. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1535. [PMID: 35326686 PMCID: PMC8946151 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical techniques are widely used tools in the visualisation of biological species within complex matrices, including biopsies, tissue resections and biofluids. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging analytical approach that probes the molecular signature of endogenous cellular biomolecules under biocompatible conditions with high spatial resolution. Applications of Raman spectroscopy in prostate cancer include biopsy analysis, assessment of surgical margins and monitoring of treatment efficacy. The advent of advanced Raman imaging techniques, such as stimulated Raman scattering, is creating opportunities for real-time in situ evaluation of prostate cancer. This review provides a focus on the recent preclinical and clinical achievements in implementing Raman-based techniques, highlighting remaining challenges for clinical applications. The research and clinical results achieved through in vivo and ex vivo Raman spectroscopy illustrate areas where these evolving technologies can be best translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortis Gaba
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - William J Tipping
- Department for Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Mark Salji
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Karen Faulds
- Department for Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Department for Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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43
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Highly sensitive multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens using a SERS immunosensor combined with novel covalent organic frameworks based biologic interference-free Raman tags. Talanta 2022; 243:123369. [PMID: 35278771 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and reliable multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens is in great demand for ensuring food safety and preventing foodborne diseases. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive SERS immunosensor for the simultaneous detection of multiple foodborne pathogens. Novel biologic interference-free Raman tags synthesized by using the covalent organic frameworks (COF) TBDP as nanocontainer to load biologic interference-free Raman reporters and specific antibodies for interested targets were used to convert and amplify signals of foodborne pathogens. In addition, lectin functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs@Con A) which could efficiently bind to the carbohydrate constituents on the surface of pathogens were prepared to capture and isolate multiple pathogens simultaneously. The recognition of the target foodborne pathogen impels the generation of sandwich-like composites of MNPs@Con A/pathogen/TBDP@Raman tags, and these composites could be quickly separated from the sample matrix with the assistance of an external magnet. Besides, a mass of Raman reporters was released by eluting the collected MNPs@Con A/pathogen/TBDP@Raman tags composites. Combined with a portable Raman system, characteristic Raman signals (2271 and 2113 cm-1) of the occupied reporters located at the biologic interference-free region were observed and used for the simultaneous detection of two different foodborne pathogenic strains. And an equal limit of detection of 101 CFU/mL was achieved for each strain. This strategy provides new insight into the application of SERS in the detection of pathogenic bacteria.
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44
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Jadhav P, Patil P, Bhagwat D, Gaikwad V, Mehta PP. Recent advances in orthogonal analytical techniques for microstructural understanding of inhalable particles: Present status and future perspective. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Raman-probes for monitoring metabolites and nutrient fate in Yarrowia lipolytica using deuterated glucose. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Tipping WJ, Merchant AS, Fearon R, Tomkinson NCO, Faulds K, Graham D. Temporal imaging of drug dynamics in live cells using stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and a perfusion cell culture system. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:1154-1164. [PMID: 36128503 PMCID: PMC9428671 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00160h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal imaging of drug uptake and cell viability analysis in the same live cell population is enabled using a perfusion cell culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Andrew S. Merchant
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Rebecca Fearon
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | | | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
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47
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Tsikritsis D, Legge EJ, Belsey NA. Practical considerations for quantitative and reproducible measurements with stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Analyst 2022; 147:4642-4656. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00817c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review presents the most important practical considerations for sample preparation, instrument set-up, image acquisition and data analysis to obtain reproducible SRS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikritsis
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Elizabeth J. Legge
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Natalie A. Belsey
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Department, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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48
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Boorman D, Pope I, Masia F, Langbein W, Hood S, Borri P, Watson P. Hyperspectral CARS microscopy and quantitative unsupervised analysis of deuterated and non-deuterated fatty acid storage in human cells. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:224202. [PMID: 34911324 DOI: 10.1063/5.0065950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) implemented as a vibrational micro-spectroscopy modality eradicates the need for potentially perturbative fluorescent labeling while still providing high-resolution, chemically specific images of biological samples. Isotopic substitution of hydrogen atoms with deuterium introduces minimal change to molecular structures and can be coupled with CARS microscopy to increase chemical contrast. Here, we investigate HeLa cells incubated with non-deuterated or deuterium-labeled fatty acids, using an in-house-developed hyperspectral CARS microscope coupled with an unsupervised quantitative data analysis algorithm, to retrieve Raman susceptibility spectra and concentration maps of chemical components in physically meaningful units. We demonstrate that our unsupervised analysis retrieves the susceptibility spectra of the specific fatty acids, both deuterated and non-deuterated, in good agreement with reference Raman spectra measured in pure lipids. Our analysis, using the cell-silent spectral region, achieved excellent chemical specificity despite having no prior knowledge and considering the complex intracellular environment inside cells. The quantitative capabilities of the analysis allowed us to measure the concentration of deuterated and non-deuterated fatty acids stored within cytosolic lipid droplets over a 24 h period. Finally, we explored the potential use of deuterium-labeled lipid droplets for non-invasive cell tracking, demonstrating an effective application of the technique for distinguishing between cells in a mixed population over a 16 h period. These results further demonstrate the chemically specific capabilities of hyperspectral CARS microscopy to characterize and distinguish specific lipid types inside cells using an unbiased quantitative data analysis methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Boorman
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Iestyn Pope
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Masia
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Langbein
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Hood
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Borri
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Watson
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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Deng KZ, Jia WL, Fernández-Ibáñez MÁT. Selective para-C-H Alkynylation of Aniline Derivatives via Pd/S,O-Ligand Catalysis. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104107. [PMID: 34902180 PMCID: PMC9306564 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a nondirected para -selective C-H alkynylation of aniline derivatives by a Pd/S,O-ligand-based catalyst. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and is compatible with a variety of substituted anilines. The scalability and further derivatizations of the alkynylated products have been also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Zuan Deng
- University of Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, HIMS, NETHERLANDS
| | - Wen-Liang Jia
- University of Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, HIMS, NETHERLANDS
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50
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El-Mashtoly SF, Gerwert K. Diagnostics and Therapy Assessment Using Label-Free Raman Imaging. Anal Chem 2021; 94:120-142. [PMID: 34852454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir F El-Mashtoly
- Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Gerwert
- Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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