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Alshubramy MA, Alotaibi FS, Alkahtani HM, Alamry KA, Hussein MA. C3-Symmetric ligands in drug design: An overview of the challenges and opportunities ahead. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 103:129702. [PMID: 38490620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
C3-symmetry is a type of star-shaped molecule consisting of a central core and three symmetrically attached chains. These molecules are used in drug discovery due to their unique three-fold rotational symmetry, which allows for specific binding interactions and improved molecular recognition. In this text, we provide an overview of synthetic approaches with C3-symmetry as a pharmaceutical tool: progress, challenges, and opportunities. C3-symmetric ligands offer both challenges and opportunities in drug design. Their unique symmetry can enhance binding interactions, but careful consideration of rigidity, synthetic complexity, and target compatibility is crucial. Further research and advancements in synthetic methods and modeling tools will likely drive their exploration in drug discovery, leading to the discovery of potent C3-symmetric ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Alshubramy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faez S Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
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Fahmy HM, Abdel-Rahman FM, El-Sayed AA, El-Sherif AA. Study of novel bidentate heterocyclic amine-based metal complexes and their biological activities: cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity evaluation. BMC Chem 2023; 17:78. [PMID: 37454081 PMCID: PMC10349454 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallic antitumor drugs with heterocyclic ligands, such as novel AMI (amino methyl imidazole) complexes [Pd(AMI)Cl2](1), [Cu(AMI)L1](2), and [Cu(AMI)L2·2H2O](3) where L1 = oxalate and L2 = malonate, were synthesized and characterized. Assessments included elemental analyses, mass spectrometry, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The cytotoxicity of AMI complexes compared to cisplatin was assessed using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] 2,5diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay with breast (MCF-7) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. After treating these cells with the AMI complexes' IC50 values for 48 h, malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity were used to assess oxidative stress, antioxidant activity was evaluated with DPPH radical scavenging method, comet assays assessed DNA damage, and DNA fragmentation was evaluated using the gel electrophoresis. In vitro, antimicrobial activity was assessed using a disc diffusion method. The anticancer activity results showed that IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values of complex one, two, and three against MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cells are 0.156 ± 0.0006, 0.125 ± 0.001, 0.277 ± 0.002 μM respectively for MCF-7 cells and 0.222 ± 0.0005, 0.126 ± 0.0009, 0.152 ± 0.001 μM respectively for HeLa cells. Complex two demonstrated strong anticancer activity against MCF-7 and Hela cells. The study of oxidative stress parameters revealed that Malondialdehyde levels increased in cancer cell lines treated with complexes compared to untreated cells. Catalase activity decreased in cells treated with palladium chelate. The DPPH radical scavenging assay results identified that complex one was a more potent antioxidant in MCF-7 and Hela cells than other complexes with SC50 values of 227.5 ± 0.28 and 361 ± 1.2 μL/mL, respectively. The comet assay results showed that complex two caused significant DNA damage in MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cells treated. Antimicrobial assays identified complex three as the most effective. Copper complexes give better antifungal activity against A. flavus than the palladium complex. We conclude that complex two is the most active in both cell types and might be assessed as a clinically useful drug for breast cancer treatment. The significance of the current study is the synthesis of antitumor drugs containing heterocyclic ligands, such as novel AMI complexes, and the study of their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Fahmy
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | - Anwar A El-Sayed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Sherif
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Szymaszek P, Fiedor P, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Tyszka-Czochara M, Świergosz T, Ortyl J. Molecular interactions of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with pyridine derivatives as candidates for non-covalent protein probes: a spectroscopic investigation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Hendi Z, Jamali S, Chabok SMJ, Jamjah A, Samouei H, Jamshidi Z. Bis-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Coinage Metals Containing Four Naphthalimide Units: A Structure-Emission Properties Relationship Study. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12924-12933. [PMID: 34403580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalimide derivatives provide highly versatile self-assembled systems and aggregated forms with fascinating emission properties that make them potential candidates for many applications such as bioimaging and sensing. Although various aggregated species of naphthalimide derivatives have been well documented, little is known about the correlation between their structure and photophysical properties. Here the preparation of a series of tetrameric naphthalimide molecules in which naphthalimide units are linked by bis-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of coinage metals is described. An in-depth structural investigation into these tetramers has been carried out in solution and the solid state using spectroscopic methods, X-ray crystallography, and computational methods. The experimental and calculated data indicate that the magnitude of the intramolecular interchromophoric π-interactions increases either by an increase in the metal ionic radius or on going from the solid to the solution state. These tetrameric naphthalimide compounds show intramolecular excimeric emissions in the solid and solution phases. However, the quantum yield efficiencies of these excimeric emissions show a trend similar to that for the intramolecular π-interactions either by going from the solution to the solid state or with an increase in the metal ionic radius. Surprisingly, the amine derivative analogues of the silver(I) compound showed an unusual increase in the emission quantum yield efficiency to 92% in solution due to intramolecular hydrogen bonds between amine substituents on adjacent naphthalimde units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hendi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Jamali
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohamad J Chabok
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jamjah
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Samouei
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, United States
| | - Zahra Jamshidi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran
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Copper-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines induce intrinsic apoptosis and modulate the expression of mutated p53, haem-oxygenase-1 and apoptotic inhibitory proteins in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. Apoptosis 2020; 24:623-643. [PMID: 31073781 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer responds poorly to treatment and is a leading cause of cancer related deaths. Worldwide, chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer remains plagued by poor efficacy, development of resistance and serious adverse effects. Copper-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were previously shown by our group to be selectively active against several cancer cell lines, with three complexes, JD46(27), JD47(29), and JD88(21), showing IC50 values between 0.8 and 1.8 μM against HT-29 cells. Here, we report that treatment with the copper complexes resulted in fragmented nuclei suggestive of apoptotic cell death, which was confirmed by increased annexin V binding and caspase-3/7 activity. The copper complexes caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased caspase-9 activity. The absence of caspase-8 activity indicated activation of the intrinsic pathway. Proteomic analysis revealed that copper-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines decreased the expression of phosphorylated forms of p53 [phospho-p53(S15), phospho-p53(S46) and phospho-p53(S392)]. The expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, XIAP, cIAP1, livin, and the antiapoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Bcl-x, was decreased. HO/HMOX/HSP32, expression was notably increased, which suggested the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Increased expression of TRAIL-R2/DR5 death receptor indicated the possible dual activation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways; however, caspase-8 activation could not be demonstrated. In conclusion, the copper-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were effective inducers of apoptotic cell death at low micromolar concentrations and changed the expression levels of proteins important for cell survival and cell death. These copper complexes may be useful tools to better understand the complexity of signalling networks in cancer cell death in response to cell stress.
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Li XF, Yang YQ, Li YX, Yang HX, Zhao WF, Meng XR. Synthesis, crystal structure, and BSA binding studies of new Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abu-Dief AM, Abdel-Rahman LH, Abdelhamid AA, Marzouk AA, Shehata MR, Bakheet MA, Almaghrabi OA, Nafady A. Synthesis and characterization of new Cr(III), Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes incorporating multi-substituted aryl imidazole ligand: Structural, DFT, DNA binding, and biological implications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117700. [PMID: 31748163 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Designing new metal-based molecular antibiotics is an efficient approach to overcome the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. In this paper, novel Cr(III), Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes comprising substituted aryl imidazole ligand (MSEB), namely (2-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl)(4-bromophenol)) have been synthesized and characterized using infra-red (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques, together with elemental (CHN) and thermogravimetric analyses, molar conductance, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The combined results along with the DFT calculations revealed a 1:1 (M: L) stoichiometric ratio and the complexes adopted distorted-octahedral geometries to afford [Cr(MSEB)Cl2(H2O)2], [Fe(MSEB)(NO3)2(H2O)2] and [Cu(MSEB)Cl(H2O)3] respectively. Biological studies showed that all complexes exhibited powerful antimicrobial activity against various strains of bacteria and fungi, S. aureus (+ve), E. coli (-ve) and P. aeruginosa (-ve) bacteria and T. Rubrum, C. albicans, and A. flavus fungi. Moreover, the three metal-complexes showed high in vitro cytotoxicity against Colon (HCT-116), Breast (MCF-7), and hepatic cellular (HepG-2) carcinoma cell lines, with MSEBCu complex being the most cytotoxic one. Finally the binding interactions of the complexes with CT-DNA were explored using UV-Vis spectroscopy, viscosity and gel electrophoreses measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu-Dief
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524, Sohag, Egypt; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Laila H Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Antar A Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Adel A Marzouk
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Shehata
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Omar A Almaghrabi
- University of Jeddah, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Abu‐Dief AM, El‐Sagher HM, Shehata MR. Fabrication, spectroscopic characterization, calf thymus DNA binding investigation, antioxidant and anticancer activities of some antibiotic azomethine Cu(II), Pd(II), Zn(II) and Cr(III) complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abu‐Dief
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceSohag University 82524 Egypt
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Kosiha A, Lo KM, Parthiban C, Elango KP. Studies on the interaction of mononuclear metal(II) complexes of amino‑naphthoquinone with bio-macromolecules. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:778-787. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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In vitro leishmanicidal activity and theoretical insights into biological action of ruthenium(II) organometallic complexes containing anti-inflammatories. Biometals 2018; 31:1003-1017. [PMID: 30284643 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, kills around 20-30 thousand people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America annually and, despite its potential lethality, it can be treated and eventually cured. However, the current treatments are limited owing to severe side effects and resistance development by some Leishmania. These factors make it urgent to develop new leishmanicidal drugs. In the present study, three ruthenium(II) organometallic complexes containing as ligands the commercially available anti-inflammatories diclofenac (dic), ibuprofen (ibu), and naproxen (nap) were synthesized, characterized, and subjected to in vitro leishmanicidal activity. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays against Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and Leishmania (L.) infantum promastigotes have shown that complexes [RuCl(dic)(η6-p-cymene)] (1) and [RuCl(nap)(η6-p-cymene)] (3) were active against both Leishmania species. Complex [RuCl(ibu)(η6-p-cymene)] (2) has exhibited no activity. The IC50 values for the two active complexes were respectively 7.42 and 23.55 μM, for L. (L.) amazonensis, and 8.57 and 42.25 μM, for L. (L.) infantum. Based on the toxicological results and computational analysis, we proposed a correlation between the complexes and their activity. Our results suggest both complexation to ruthenium(II) and ligands structure are key elements to leishmanicidal activity.
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Marydasan B, Madhuri B, Cherukommu S, Jose J, Viji M, Karunakaran SC, Chandrashekar TK, Rao KS, Rao CM, Ramaiah D. In Vitro and In Vivo Demonstration of Human-Ovarian-Cancer Necrosis through a Water-Soluble and Near-Infrared-Absorbing Chlorin. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5009-5019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Marydasan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Bollapalli Madhuri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Shirisha Cherukommu
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Jedy Jose
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Mambattakkara Viji
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | - Suneesh C. Karunakaran
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, India
| | | | - Kunchala Sridhar Rao
- Indo-American Cancer Research Foundation (IACRF), Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad 500034, India
| | - Ch. Mohan Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785 006, India
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McGivern T, Afsharpour S, Marmion C. Copper complexes as artificial DNA metallonucleases: From Sigman’s reagent to next generation anti-cancer agent? Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rastogi N, Tyagi N, Singh O, Hemanth Kumar B, Singh UP, Ghosh K, Roy R. Mn(II) based T1 and T2 potential MRI contrast agent appended with tryptamine: Recognition moiety for Aβ-plaques. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tyagi N, Singh O, Ghosh K. Non-heme iron(III) complex with tridentate ligand: Synthesis, structures and catalytic oxidations of alkanes. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Viji M, Tyagi N, Naithani N, Ramaiah D. Aryl appended neutral and cationic half-sandwich ruthenium(ii)–NHC complexes: synthesis, characterisation and catalytic applications. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl appended half-sandwich Ru(ii)–NHC complexes were synthesised and their use as selective catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mambattakkara Viji
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Trivandrum 695 019
- India
| | - Nidhi Tyagi
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Trivandrum 695 019
- India
| | - Neeraj Naithani
- Analytical and Spectroscopy Division
- Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
- Trivandrum 695 022
- India
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Tyagi N, Singh O, Singh UP, Ghosh K. Nitric oxide (NO) reactivity studies on mononuclear iron(ii) complexes supported by a tetradentate Schiff base ligand. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21659e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mononuclear iron(ii) complexes were synthesised and characterized from tetradentate ligands. The reactivity of NO afforded ligand nitrated iron(ii) complex along with the in situ formation of an unstable nitrosylated iron complex which was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - Ovender Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - Udai P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee 247667
- India
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Tyagi N, Chakraborty A, Singh UP, Roy P, Ghosh K. Mononuclear iron(iii) complexes of tridentate ligands with efficient nuclease activity and studies of their cytotoxicity. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11445-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01623a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and bis-chelated iron(iii) complexes derived from phenolato-based tridentate ligands have been synthesised and characterized. These complexes show electrostatic DNA interactions and efficient DNA cleavage via OH˙ radicals, and induce cytotoxicity in MCF7 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Ajanta Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Udai P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biochemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee-247667
- India
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