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Becton M, Hou J, Zhao Y, Wang X. Dynamic Clustering and Scaling Behavior of Active Particles under Confinement. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:144. [PMID: 38251109 PMCID: PMC10819351 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A systematic investigation of the dynamic clustering behavior of active particles under confinement, including the effects of both particle density and active driving force, is presented based on a hybrid coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. First, a series of scaling laws are derived with power relationships for the dynamic clustering time as a function of both particle density and active driving force. Notably, the average number of clusters N¯ assembled from active particles in the simulation system exhibits a scaling relationship with clustering time t described by N¯∝t-m. Simultaneously, the scaling behavior of the average cluster size S¯ is characterized by S¯∝tm. Our findings reveal the presence of up to four distinct dynamic regions concerning clustering over time, with transitions contingent upon the particle density within the system. Furthermore, as the active driving force increases, the aggregation behavior also accelerates, while an increase in density of active particles induces alterations in the dynamic procession of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Becton
- School of ECAM, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Jixin Hou
- School of ECAM, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Yiping Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Xianqiao Wang
- School of ECAM, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.B.); (J.H.)
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2
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Rajput V, Dayal P. Energy and power characteristics of nanocatalyzed Belousov-Zhabotinsky reactions via bifurcation analyses. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064211. [PMID: 38243536 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Active stimuli-responsive materials, intrinsically powered by chemical reactions, have immense capabilities that can be harnessed for designing synthetic systems for a variety of biomimetic applications. It goes without saying that the key aspect involved in the designing of such systems is to accurately estimate the amount of energy and power available for transduction through various mechanisms. Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reactions are dynamical systems, which exhibit self-sustained nonlinear chemical oscillations, as their catalyst undergoes periodic redox cycles in the presence of reagents. The unique feature of BZ reaction based active systems is that they can continuously perform mechanical work by transducing energy from sustained chemical oscillations. The objective of our work is to use bifurcation analyses to identify oscillatory regimes and quantify energy-power characteristics of the BZ reaction based on nanocatalyst activity and BZ reaction formulations. Our approach involves not only the computation of higher order Lyapunov and frequency coefficients but also Hamiltonian functions, through normal form reduction of the kinetic model of the BZ reaction. Ultimately, using these calculations, we determine amplitude, frequency, and energy-power densities, as a function of the nanocatalysts' activity and BZ formulations. As normal form representations are applicable to any dynamical system, we believe that our framework can be extended to other self-sustained active systems, including systems based on stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Rajput
- Polymer Engineering Research Laboratory (PERL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382055, India
| | - Pratyush Dayal
- Polymer Engineering Research Laboratory (PERL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382055, India
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Jiang H, He X, Yang M, Hu C. Visible Light-Driven Micromotors in Fuel-Free Environment with Promoted Ion Tolerance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1827. [PMID: 37368257 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven electrophoretic micromotors have gained significant attention recently for applications in drug delivery, targeted therapy, biosensing, and environmental remediation. Micromotors that possess good biocompatibility and the ability to adapt to complex external environments are particularly attractive. In this study, we have fabricated visible light-driven micromotors that could swim in an environment with relatively high salinity. To achieve this, we first tuned the energy bandgap of rutile TiO2 that was hydrothermally synthesized, enabling it to generate photogenerated electron-hole pairs under visible light rather than solely under UV. Next, platinum nanoparticles and polyaniline were decorated onto the surface of TiO2 microspheres to facilitate the micromotors swimming in ion-rich environments. Our micromotors exhibited electrophoretic swimming in NaCl solutions with concentrations as high as 0.1 M, achieving a velocity of 0.47 μm/s without the need for additional chemical fuels. The micromotors' propulsion was generated solely by splitting water under visible light illumination, therefore offering several advantages over traditional micromotors, such as biocompatibility and the ability to operate in environments with high ionic strength. These results demonstrated high biocompatibility of photophoretic micromotors and high potential for practical applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaide Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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Wang WL, Lu H, Wang TB, Wang Y. Studying the Effect of different Temperatures Synthesis of Fe
3
O
4
/MnO
2
Microrobots on Water Remediation. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Zheng C, Song X, Gan Q, Lin J. High-efficiency removal of organic pollutants by visible-light-driven tubular heterogeneous micromotors through a photocatalytic Fenton process. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:121-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Wang J, Si J, Hao Y, Li J, Zhang P, Zuo C, Jin B, Wang Y, Zhang W, Li W, Guo R, Miao S. Halloysite-Based Nanorockets with Light-Enhanced Self-Propulsion for Efficient Water Remediation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1231-1242. [PMID: 35025514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Halloysite-based tubular nanorockets with chemical-/light-controlled self-propulsion and on-demand acceleration in velocity are reported. The nanorockets are fabricated by modifying halloysite nanotubes with nanoparticles of silver (Ag) and light-responsive α-Fe2O3 to prepare a composite of Ag-Fe2O3/HNTs. Compared to the traditional fabrication of tubular micro-/nanomotors, this strategy has merits in employing natural clay as substrates of an asymmetric tubular structure, of abundance, and of no complex instruments required. The velocity of self-propelled Ag-Fe2O3/HNTs nanorockets in fuel (3.0% H2O2) was ca. 1.7 times higher under the irradiation of visible light than that in darkness. Such light-enhanced propulsion can be wirelessly modulated by adjusting light intensity and H2O2 concentration. The highly repeatable and controlled "weak/strong" propulsion can be implemented by turning a light on and off. With the synergistic coupling of the photocatalysis of the Ag-Fe2O3 heterostructure and advanced oxidation in H2O2/visible light conditions, the Ag-Fe2O3/HNTs nanorockets achieve an enhanced performance of wastewater remediation. A test was done by the catalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. The light-enhanced propulsion is demonstrated to accelerate the degradation kinetics dramatically. All of these results illustrated that such motors can achieve efficient water remediation and open a new path for the photodegradation of organic pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jiwen Si
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yizhan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Peiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chuanxiao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, and Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, and Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Ruifeng Guo
- Jilin Baofeng Ball Clay Co., Ltd, Hongyang Street, Dakouqin Town, Longtan District, Jilin City 132207, China
| | - Shiding Miao
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Solid Waste Recycling Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province, Open Research Laboratory for Physicochemical Testing Methods of Functional Minerals-Ministry of Natural Resources, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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7
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Nano/Microrobots Line Up for Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases: Targeted Delivery, Therapy, and Prevention. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nano/microrobots (NMRs) are tiny devices that can convert energy into motion and operate at nano/microscales.54 Especially in biomedical research, NMRs have received much attention over the past twenty years because of their excellent capabilities and great potential in various applications, including on-demand drug delivery, gene and cell transport, and precise microsurgery. Reports published in recent years show that synthetic nano/microrobots have promising potential to function in the gastrointestinal (GI) region, particularly in terms of drug delivery. These tiny robots were able to be designed in such a way that they propel in their surroundings (biological media) with high speed, load cargo (drug) efficiently, transport it safely, and release upon request successfully. Their propulsion, retention, distribution, and toxicity in the GI tract of mice has been evaluated. The results envisage that such nano/microrobots can be further modified and developed as a new-generation treatment of GI tract diseases. In this minireview, we focus on the functionality of micro/nanorobots as a biomedical treatment system for stomach/intestinal diseases. We review the research progress from the first in vivo report in December 2014 to the latest in August 2021. Then, we discuss the treatment difficulties and challenges in vivo application (in general) and possible future development routes.
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Imran M, Singh VV, Garg P, Mazumder A, Pandey LK, Sharma PK, Acharya J, Ganesan K. In-situ detoxification of schedule-I chemical warfare agents utilizing Zr(OH) 4@W-ACF functional material for the development of next generation NBC protective gears. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24421. [PMID: 34952902 PMCID: PMC8709862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have become a pivotal concern for the global community and spurred a wide spectrum of research for the development of new generation protective materials. Herein, a highly effective self-detoxifying filter consisting of in-situ immobilized Zirconium hydroxide [Zr(OH)4] over woven activated carbon fabric [Zr(OH)4@W-ACF] is presented for the removal of CWAs. It was prepared to harness the synergistic effect of high surface area of W-ACF, leads to high dispersion of CWAs and high phosphilicity and reactivity of [Zr(OH)4]. The synthesized materials were characterized by ATR-FTIR, EDX, SEM, TEM, XPS, TGA, and BET surface area analyzer. The kinetics of in-situ degradation of CWAs over Zr(OH)4@W-ACF were studied and found to be following the first-order reaction kinetics. The rate constant was found to be 0.244 min-1 and 2.31 × 10-2 min-1 for sarin and soman, respectively over Zr(OH)4@W-ACF. The potential practical applicability of this work was established by fabricating Zr(OH)4@W-ACF as reactive adsorbent layer for protective suit, and found to be meeting the specified criteria in terms of air permeability, tearing strength and nerve agent permeation as per TOP-08-2-501A:2013 and IS-17380:2020. The degradation products of CWAs were analyzed with NMR and GC-MS. The combined properties of dual functional textile with reactive material are expected to open up new exciting avenues in the field of CWAs protective clothing and thus find diverse application in defence and environmental sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Imran
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Virendra V Singh
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India.
| | - Prabhat Garg
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Avik Mazumder
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Lokesh K Pandey
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Pushpendra K Sharma
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Jyotiranjan Acharya
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Kumaran Ganesan
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, DRDO, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
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9
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Yurdabak Karaca G, Kaya HK, Kuralay F, Uygun Oksuz A. Chitosan functionalized gold-nickel bimetallic magnetic nanomachines for motion-based deoxyribonucleic acid recognition. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:370-377. [PMID: 34678384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, the preparation of chitosan functionalized gold‑nickel wire nanomachines (nanomotors) (CS@Au-Ni NMs) for motion-based double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) recognition and detection was described. Synthesis of the nanomachines was accomplished by Ni layer formation using direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering over electrochemically deposited Au wires. Subsequently, biopolymer chitosan was dispersed onto this bimetallic layer by drop casting which could provide a novel and functional surface for leading bio-applications. CS@Au-Ni NMs were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and zeta potential analysis methods for the elucidation of structural morphology, elemental composition and electrophoretic mobility. On account of presenting the application of these magnetic nanomachines, they were interacted with different concentrations of dsDNA and the changes in their velocities were investigated. The speed CS@Au-Ni NMs were measured as 19 μm/s under 22 mT magnetic field. These magnetically guided nanomachines demonstrated a practical and good sensing ability by recognizing dsDNA between 0.01 mg/L and 10 mg/L. Electrochemical characterization was also performed to identify the surface characteristics. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments presented the interaction of the NMs with dsDNA by indicating the convenient recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilmi Kaan Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kuralay
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Aysegul Uygun Oksuz
- Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey; Department of Bioengineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey.
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Park CW, Kim T, Yang HM, Lee Y, Kim HJ. Active and selective removal of Cs from contaminated water by self-propelled magnetic illite microspheres. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126226. [PMID: 34492980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of clay-mineral-based Janus microspheres that exhibit remotely steerable self-propulsion in water, facilitating their selective and active removal of radiocesium from a contaminated solution. The spray-drying of slurries of intrinsically Cs-selective illite containing iron oxide nanoparticles led to magnetic illite microspheres with superior 137Cs adsorption capability and superparamagnetic behavior. The Janus micromotor adsorbent was prepared by depositing catalytic Pt onto the half-surface of magnetic illite microspheres. The micromotor adsorbents exhibited self-propulsion at speeds as high as ~265 µm/s via asymmetric bubble generation in water containing H2O2 as a fuel. The self-propulsion of the adsorbent improved the Cs adsorption kinetics six-folds compared with the kinetics in the corresponding stationary liquid. The magnetic properties of the micromotor adsorbent enabled convenient separation and direction control of the adsorbents under an external magnetic field. In particular, the micromotor adsorbent could successfully remove more than 98.6% of 137Cs from aqueous media containing competing ions including K+, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Park
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taeeun Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Man Yang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Lee
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Minh TD, Ncibi MC, Srivastava V, Doshi B, Sillanpää M. Micro/nano-machines for spilled-oil cleanup and recovery: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129516. [PMID: 33434823 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency, safe and economically viable nano-engineered platforms for oil spill cleanup and recovery are of great importance. This review takes account of the concept of nanomotors and micromotors and their most advancements in use for oil spill treatment. The fundamental facets of artificial micro- and nano-machines/nanobots/nanomotors (MNMs) are first documented, followed by the most recent influencing developments in chemical engineering approaches toward their specific utilizations. The surface chemistry of these MNMs, their behaviors in different water matrices and their roles in the removal of oil are examined, revealing great rooms for improvement. The strategies for surface and structural modification of these tiny machines toward enhancing their reactivity in the removal of oil and coupled tasking are discussed in details, highlighting the significance of fit-for-duty design and tailored fabrication. The engineering limitations and practical implementation barriers of this emerging technology and how it can be overcome are also considered. Finally, some engineering boundaries and perspectives of this fast-evolving field are proposed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Minh
- Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland.
| | - M C Ncibi
- International Water Research Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Green City Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco
| | - V Srivastava
- Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - B Doshi
- Feedstock Analytics, Neste, FI- Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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12
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Zhang X, Fu Q, Duan H, Song J, Yang H. Janus Nanoparticles: From Fabrication to (Bio)Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6147-6191. [PMID: 33739822 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) refer to the integration of two or more chemically discrepant composites into one structure system. Studies into JNPs have been of significant interest due to their interesting characteristics stemming from their asymmetric structures, which can integrate different functional properties and perform more synergetic functions simultaneously. Herein, we present recent progress of Janus particles, comprehensively detailing fabrication strategies and applications. First, the classification of JNPs is divided into three blocks, consisting of polymeric composites, inorganic composites, and hybrid polymeric/inorganic JNPs composites. Then, the fabrication strategies are alternately summarized, examining self-assembly strategy, phase separation strategy, seed-mediated polymerization, microfluidic preparation strategy, nucleation growth methods, and masking methods. Finally, various intriguing applications of JNPs are presented, including solid surfactants agents, micro/nanomotors, and biomedical applications such as biosensing, controlled drug delivery, bioimaging, cancer therapy, and combined theranostics. Furthermore, challenges and future works in this field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Qinrui Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Duan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, P.R. China
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Wang Q, Shi T, Wan M, Wei J, Wang F, Mao C. Research progress of using micro/nanomotors in the detection and therapy of diseases related to the blood environment. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:283-294. [PMID: 33241834 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanomotors bring new possibilities for the detection and therapy of diseases related to the blood environment with their unique motion effect. This work reviews the research progress of using micro/nanomotors in the detection and therapy of diseases related to the blood environment. First, we outline the advantages of using micro/nanomotors in blood-related disease detection. To be specific, the motion capability of micro/nanomotors can increase plasma or blood fluid convection and accelerate the interaction between the sample and the capture probe. This allows the effective reduction of the amount of reagents and treatment steps. Therefore, the application of micro/nanomotors significantly improves the analytical performance. Second, we discuss the key challenges and future prospects of micro/nanomotors in the treatment of blood-environment related diseases. It is very important to design a unique treatment plan according to the etiology and specific microenvironment of the disease. The next generation of micro/nanomotors is expected to bring exciting progress to the detection and therapy of blood-environment related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China. and School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tao Shi
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jia Wei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fenghe Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Sharan P, Postek W, Gemming T, Garstecki P, Simmchen J. Study of Active Janus Particles in the Presence of an Engineered Oil-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:204-210. [PMID: 33373252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study of motion of Pt@SiO2 Janus particles at a liquid-liquid interface. A special microfluidic trap is used for creating such an interface. The increased surface energy of the large surface results in partial wetting of the substrate, leaving patches of oil on the glass surface. This allows us to directly compare the motion at the two interfaces, i.e., oil-water and solid-water interface within the same setting, guaranteeing identical conditions in terms of additional parameters. The propulsion behavior of Janus particles is found to be quantitatively similar at both surfaces. The interplay of reaction product absorption by oil, slip locking by surfactant, microscale friction, lubrication efficiency, and potential Marangoni effect controls the resemblance of motion characteristics at the two interfaces. Additionally, we also observed guidance effect on the Janus particles by the pinning line of oil patches, similar to solid side walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharan
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Witold Postek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thomas Gemming
- Institute of Complex Materials, Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Piotr Garstecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juliane Simmchen
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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15
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Pei W, Huang B, Chen S, Wang L, Xu Y, Niu C. Platelet-Mimicking Drug Delivery Nanoparticles for Enhanced Chemo-Photothermal Therapy of Breast Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10151-10167. [PMID: 33363371 PMCID: PMC7754093 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s285952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems suffer from several limitations, such as easy clearance from blood and inaccurate targeting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we developed platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles (PM-NPs) to improve the precise delivery of drugs to tumor sites and enable a more efficient photothermal therapy (PTT) treatment. RESULTS Mimicking the natural platelet membrane, nanoparticles containing drugs and photothermal agents were not recognized and cleared by the immune system; they could circulate in the blood for a long time and accumulate more efficiently at the tumor site, thus releasing more antitumor drugs and achieving better PTT effects. It is worth mentioning that, in this study, we found that tumors in mice treated with the platelet-mimicking nanoparticles were completely eliminated without recurrence during the observation period (up to 18 days). CONCLUSION This study provides a new strategy to design delivery systems of drugs or photothermal agents, whether in biotherapy or other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Pei
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biying Huang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Niu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410011, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Dekanovsky L, Khezri B, Rottnerova Z, Novotny F, Plutnar J, Pumera M. Chemically programmable microrobots weaving a web from hormones. NAT MACH INTELL 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-020-00248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Cui T, Wu S, Sun Y, Ren J, Qu X. Self-Propelled Active Photothermal Nanoswimmer for Deep-Layered Elimination of Biofilm In Vivo. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7350-7358. [PMID: 32856923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing penetration of antibacterial agents into biofilm is a promising strategy for improvement of therapeutic effect and slowdown of the progression of antibiotic resistance. Herein, we design a near-infrared (NIR) light-driven nanoswimmer (HSMV). Under NIR light irradiation, HSMV performs efficient self-propulsion and penetrates into the biofilm within 5 min due to photothermal conversion of asymmetrically distributed AuNPs. The localized thermal (∼45 °C) and thermal-triggered release of vancomycin (Van) leads to an efficient combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy in one system. The active motion of HSMV increases the effective distance of photothermal therapy (PTT) and also improves the therapeutic index of the antibiotic, resulting in superior biofilm removal rate (>90%) in vitro. Notably, HSMV can eliminate S. aureus biofilms grown in vivo under 10 min of laser irradiation without damage to healthy tissues. This work may shed light on therapeutic strategies for in vivo treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Si Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuhuan Sun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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18
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Yuan K, Bujalance-Fernández J, Jurado-Sánchez B, Escarpa A. Light-driven nanomotors and micromotors: envisioning new analytical possibilities for bio-sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:581. [PMID: 32979095 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this conceptual review is to cover recent developments of light-propelled micromotors for analytical (bio)-sensing. Challenges of self-propelled light-driven micromotors in complex (biological) media and potential solutions from material aspects and propulsion mechanism to achieve final analytical detection for in vivo and in vitro applications will be comprehensively covered. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisong Yuan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Javier Bujalance-Fernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain. .,Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río", University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain. .,Chemical Research Institute "Andrés M. del Río", University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Gusain R, Kumar N, Ray SS. Recent advances in carbon nanomaterial-based adsorbents for water purification. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Rawtani D, Tharmavaram M, Pandey G, Hussain CM. Functionalized nanomaterial for forensic sample analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Ji Y, Lin X, Wu Z, Wu Y, Gao W, He Q. Macroscale Chemotaxis from a Swarm of Bacteria‐Mimicking Nanoswimmers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12200-12205. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education)School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Yi kuang jie 2 Harbin 150080 China
| | - Xiankun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education)School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Yi kuang jie 2 Harbin 150080 China
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education)School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Yi kuang jie 2 Harbin 150080 China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education)School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Yi kuang jie 2 Harbin 150080 China
| | - Wei Gao
- Division of Engineering and Applied ScienceCalifornia Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education)School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Yi kuang jie 2 Harbin 150080 China
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22
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Ge Y, Wang T, Zheng M, Jiang Z, Wang S. Controlled one-sided growth of Janus TiO 2/MnO 2 nanomotors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:315702. [PMID: 30991364 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab19c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Designing and building new micro/nanomotors are among the most exciting challenges facing nanotechnology. Considering the expensive equipment and the high cost associated with noble metals, a scalable and reliable fabrication method is desired for the fabrication of Janus particles. In this work, we report on the preparation and characterization of self-propelled micromotors based on Janus TiO2/MnO2 nanoparticles. The Janus micromotor is constructed by growing propulsion material MnO2 nanoflakes in situ on one hemisphere of TiO2 by photoreduction of KMnO4 under aerobic conditions. The MnO2 nanoflakes can catalytically decompose hydrogen peroxide fuel to generate oxygen bubbles, which consequently repel the micromotors forward in the solution. Thus, the Janus TiO2/MnO2 nanoparticle represents a promising material for the preparation of micromotors for various biomedical or environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinger Ge
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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23
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Ji Y, Lin X, Wu Z, Wu Y, Gao W, He Q. Macroscale Chemotaxis from a Swarm of Bacteria‐Mimicking Nanoswimmers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Ji
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education)School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Yi kuang jie 2 Harbin 150080 China
| | - Xiankun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education)School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Yi kuang jie 2 Harbin 150080 China
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education)School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Yi kuang jie 2 Harbin 150080 China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education)School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Yi kuang jie 2 Harbin 150080 China
| | - Wei Gao
- Division of Engineering and Applied ScienceCalifornia Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education)School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology Yi kuang jie 2 Harbin 150080 China
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24
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Micromotors from Microfluidics. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2417-2430. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Chen X, Zhou C, Wang W. Colloidal Motors 101: A Beginner's Guide to Colloidal Motor Research. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2388-2405. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) G 908, HIT Campus, Xili University Town Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Chao Zhou
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) G 908, HIT Campus, Xili University Town Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) G 908, HIT Campus, Xili University Town Shenzhen Guangdong China
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26
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Khezri B, Beladi Mousavi SM, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Recyclable nanographene-based micromachines for the on-the-fly capture of nitroaromatic explosives. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8825-8834. [PMID: 31012898 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02211b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been more than a decade since nano/micromachines (NMMs) have received the particular attention of scientists in different research fields. They are able to convert chemical energy into mechanical motion in their surrounding environment. Herein, a powerful, efficient and fast strategy of using nanosized reduced graphene oxide flake (n-rGO)-based self-propelled tubular micromachines for the removal of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) is described. This method relies on the integration of the rGO as a well-known adsorbent of aromatic compounds with chemically powered engines for the removal of explosive compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT). Nanographene oxide reduced electrochemically inside the pores of the polycarbonate membrane to form an outer layer (n-rGO, adsorbent layer) of the micromachines. Subsequent electrodeposition of nickel (Ni, magnetic layer) and platinum (Pt, catalytic layer) resulted in the formation of n-rGO/Ni/Pt micromachines. Notably, the bubble-propelled micromachines were able to remove nitroaromatic compounds with high efficiency (∼90-92%) compared to the efficiency of magnetic-guided (22-42%) and static (2.5-7%) micromachines. Most importantly, the micromachines were regenerated and reused several times. The regeneration is based on an electrochemical method in which electron injection into the machine causes the expulsion of contaminants from the outer layer of the micromachines within a few seconds. The integration of the powerful self-propulsion, high adsorbent capacity of rGO and the introduced ultrafast regeneration procedure are beneficial for the realization of an active platform for water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Khezri
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.
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27
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Hwang J, Yang HM, Lee KW, Jung YI, Lee KJ, Park CW. A remotely steerable Janus micromotor adsorbent for the active remediation of Cs-contaminated water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 369:416-422. [PMID: 30784971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of magnetically steerable self-propelled micromotors that selectively remove radioactive Cs from contaminated water. Mesoporous silica microspheres were functionalized with the highly Cs-selective copper ferrocyanide, and half of the adsorptive particle surface was then coated with ferromagnetic Ni and catalytic Pt layers to fabricate Janus micromotors. The micromotor adsorbent displayed random propulsion in an H2O2 solution via catalytic bubble evolution from the Pt surface, and the micromotor adsorbent self-propulsion resulted in an 8-fold higher Cs removal compared to the stationary adsorbent within one hour. The ferromagnetism of the Ni layer allowed the micromotor adsorbent to be magnetically and remotely steerable, and the propulsion speed under a magnetic field was ˜11-fold greater than it was in the absence of the magnetophoretic force. The adsorption of Cs by the self-propelling micromotor adsorbent and the subsequent magnetic recovery of the adsorbent enabled the successful removal of radioactive 137Cs from aqueous solutions. More than 98% of the radioactive 137Cs ions were removed from solution, even in the presence of competing ions, such as Na+ (1000 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Hwang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Man Yang
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kune-Woo Lee
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Il Jung
- Nuclear Fuel Safety Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daedeok-daero 989-111, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Günther JP, Majer G, Fischer P. Absolute diffusion measurements of active enzyme solutions by NMR. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:124201. [PMID: 30927887 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of enzymes is of fundamental importance for many biochemical processes. Enhanced or directed enzyme diffusion can alter the accessibility of substrates and the organization of enzymes within cells. Several studies based on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy report enhanced diffusion of enzymes upon interaction with their substrate or inhibitor. In this context, major importance is given to the enzyme fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, for which enhanced diffusion has been reported even though the catalysed reaction is endothermic. Additionally, enhanced diffusion of tracer particles surrounding the active aldolase enzymes has been reported. These studies suggest that active enzymes can act as chemical motors that self-propel and give rise to enhanced diffusion. However, fluorescence studies of enzymes can, despite several advantages, suffer from artefacts. Here, we show that the absolute diffusion coefficients of active enzyme solutions can be determined with Pulsed Field Gradient Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (PFG-NMR). The advantage of PFG-NMR is that the motion of the molecule of interest is directly observed in its native state without the need for any labelling. Furthermore, PFG-NMR is model-free and thus yields absolute diffusion constants. Our PFG-NMR experiments of solutions containing active fructose-bisphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle do not show any diffusion enhancement for the active enzymes, nor the surrounding molecules. Additionally, we do not observe any diffusion enhancement of aldolase in the presence of its inhibitor pyrophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philipp Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Günter Majer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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29
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Khezri B, Pumera M. Metal-Organic Frameworks Based Nano/Micro/Millimeter-Sized Self-Propelled Autonomous Machines. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806530. [PMID: 30701595 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nano/micro/millimeter-sized machines that harvest energy from the surrounding environment and then convert it to motion have had a significant impact on many research areas such as biology (sensing, imaging, and therapy) and environmental applications. Autonomous motion is a key element of these devices. A high surface area is preferable as it leads to increased propellant or cargo-loading capability. Integrating highly ordered and porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with self-propelled machines is demonstrated to have a significant impact on the field of nano/micro/millimeter-sized devices for a wide range of applications. MOFs have shown great potential in many research fields due to their tailorable pore size. These fields include energy storage and conversion; catalysis, biomedical application (e.g., drug delivery, imaging, and cancer therapy), and environmental remediation. The marriage of motors and MOFs may provide opportunities for many new applications for synthetic nano/micro/millimeter-sized machines. Herein, MOF-based micro- and nanomachines are reviewed with a focus on the specific properties of MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Khezri
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for the Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
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30
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Sheet SK, Sen B, Khatua S. Organoiridium(III) Complexes as Luminescence Color Switching Probes for Selective Detection of Nerve Agent Simulant in Solution and Vapor Phase. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3635-3645. [PMID: 30843684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, cationic organoiridium(III) complex based photoluminescent (PL) probes have been developed to selectively detect the chemical warfare nerve agent mimic, diethyl chlorophosphate(DCP) at nanomolar range by distinct bright green to orange-red luminescence color switching (on-off-on) in solution as well as in the vapor phase. Interference of other chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and their mimics was not observed either by PL spectroscopy or with the naked-eye in solution and gas phase. The detection was attained via a simultaneous nucleophilic attack of two -OH groups of the 4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline ligand with DCP by forming bulkier phosphotriester. The detailed reaction mechanism was established through extensive 1H NMR titration, 31P NMR, and ESI-MS analysis. Finally, a test paper strip and solid poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) film with iridium(III) complex 1[PF6] were fabricated for the vapor-phase detection of DCP. The solution and vapor-phase detection properties of these luminescent Ir(III) complexes can offer a worthy approach into the design of new metal complex based PL switching probes for chemical warfare agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Kumar Sheet
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry , North Eastern Hill University , Shillong , Meghalaya 793022 , India
| | - Bhaskar Sen
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry , North Eastern Hill University , Shillong , Meghalaya 793022 , India
| | - Snehadrinarayan Khatua
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry , North Eastern Hill University , Shillong , Meghalaya 793022 , India
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31
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He X, Büchel R, Figi R, Zhang Y, Bahk Y, Ma J, Wang J. High-performance carbon/MnO 2 micromotors and their applications for pollutant removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:427-435. [PMID: 30551109 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The wide applications of particulate micromotors in practice, especially in the removal of environmental pollutants, have been limited by the low production yields and demand on high concentration of fuel such as H2O2. Carbon/MnO2 micromotors were made hydrothermally using different carbon allotropes including graphite, carbon nanotube (CNT), and graphene for treatment of methylene blue and toxic Ag ions. The obtained micromotors showed high speed of self-propulsion. The highest speed of MnO2-based micromotors to date was observed for CNT/MnO2 (>2 mm/s, 5 wt% H2O2, 0.5 wt% surfactant). Moreover, different from previous studies, even with low H2O2 concentration (0.5 wt%) and without surfactant addition, the micromotors could also be well dispersed in water by the O2 stream released from their reaction with H2O2. The carbon/MnO2 micromotors removed both methylene blue (>80%) and Ag ions (100%) effectively within 15 min by catalytic decomposition and adsorption. Especially high adsorption capacity of Ag (600 mg/g) was measured on graphite/MnO2 and graphene/MnO2 micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China; Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 6, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Büchel
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Figi
- Advanced Analytical Technologies Laboratory, EMPA, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Center, EMPA, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yeonkyoung Bahk
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 6, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Schafmattstrasse 6, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland; Advanced Analytical Technologies Laboratory, EMPA, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Xiao Z, Wei M, Wang W. A Review of Micromotors in Confinements: Pores, Channels, Grooves, Steps, Interfaces, Chains, and Swimming in the Bulk. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:6667-6684. [PMID: 30562451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the recent frontiers of nanotechnology research involves machines that operate at nano- and microscales, also known as nano/micromotors. Their potential applications in biomedicine, environmental sciences and engineering, military and defense industries, self-assembly, and many other areas have fueled an intense interest in this topic over the last 15 years. Despite deepened understanding of their propulsion mechanisms, we are still in the early days of exploring the dynamics of micromotors in complex and more realistic environments. Confinements, as a typical example of complex environments, are extremely relevant to the applications of micromotors, which are expected to travel in mucus gels, blood vessels, reproductive and digestive tracts, microfluidic chips, and capillary tubes. In this review, we summarize and critically examine recent studies (mostly experimental ones) of micromotor dynamics in confinements in 3D (spheres and porous network, channels, grooves, steps, and obstacles), 2D (liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, and liquid-air interfaces), and 1D (chains). In addition, studies of micromotors moving in the bulk solution and the usefulness of acoustic levitation is discussed. At the end of this article, we summarize how confinements can affect micromotors and offer our insights on future research directions. This review article is relevant to readers who are interested in the interactions of materials with interfaces and structures at the microscale and helpful for the design of smart and multifunctional materials for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyao Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Mengshi Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
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Ying Y, Pumera M. Micro/Nanomotors for Water Purification. Chemistry 2018; 25:106-121. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ying
- Center for Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 16628 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional NanorobotsDepartment of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technická 5 16628 Prague 6 Czech Republic
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Chi Q, Wang Z, Tian F, You J, Xu S. A Review of Fast Bubble-Driven Micromotors Powered by Biocompatible Fuel: Low-Concentration Fuel, Bioactive Fluid and Enzyme. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E537. [PMID: 30424470 PMCID: PMC6215315 DOI: 10.3390/mi9100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Micromotors are extensively applied in various fields, including cell separation, drug delivery and environmental protection. Micromotors with high speed and good biocompatibility are highly desirable. Bubble-driven micromotors, propelled by the recoil effect of bubbles ejection, show good performance of motility. The toxicity of concentrated hydrogen peroxide hampers their practical applications in many fields, especially biomedical ones. In this paper, the latest progress was reviewed in terms of constructing fast, bubble-driven micromotors which use biocompatible fuels, including low-concentration fuels, bioactive fluids, and enzymes. The geometry of spherical and tubular micromotors could be optimized to acquire good motility using a low-concentration fuel. Moreover, magnesium- and aluminum-incorporated micromotors move rapidly in water if the passivation layer is cleared in the reaction process. Metal micromotors demonstrate perfect motility in native acid without any external chemical fuel. Several kinds of enzymes, including catalase, glucose oxidase, and ureases were investigated to serve as an alternative to conventional catalysts. They can propel micromotors in dilute peroxide or in the absence of peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjia Chi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Feifei Tian
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Ji'an You
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China.
| | - Shuang Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Bhuyan T, Bhattacharjee M, Singh AK, Ghosh SS, Bandyopadhyay D. Boolean-chemotaxis of logibots deciphering the motions of self-propelling microorganisms. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:3182-3191. [PMID: 29645047 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00132d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the feasibility of a self-propelling mushroom motor, namely a 'logibot', as a functional unit for the construction of a host of optimized binary logic gates. Emulating the chemokinesis of unicellular prokaryotes or eukaryotes, the logibots made stimuli responsive conditional movements at varied speeds towards a pair of acid-alkali triggers. A series of integrative logic operations and cascaded logic circuits, namely, AND, NAND, NOT, OR, NOR, and NIMPLY, have been constructed employing the decisive chemotactic migrations of the logibot in the presence of the pH gradient established by the sole or coupled effects of acid (HCl-catalase) and alkali (NaOH) drips inside a peroxide bath. The imposed acid and/or alkali triggers across the logibots were realized as inputs while the logic gates were functionally reconfigured to several operational modes by varying the pH of the acid-alkali inputs. The self-propelling logibot could rapidly sense the external stimuli, decide, and act on the basis of intensities of the pH triggers. The impulsive responses of the logibots towards and away from the external acid-alkali stimuli were interpreted as the potential outputs of the logic gates. The external stimuli responsive self-propulsion of the logibots following different logic gates and circuits can not only be an eco-friendly alternative to the silicon-based computing operations but also be a promising strategy for the development of intelligent pH-responsive drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Bhuyan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India.
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Liu Y, Ge D, Cong J, Piao HG, Huang X, Xu Y, Lu G, Pan L, Liu M. Magnetically Powered Annelid-Worm-Like Microswimmers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1704546. [PMID: 29611296 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A bioinspired magnetically powered microswimmer is designed and experimentally demonstrated by mimicking the morphology of annelid worms. The structural parameters of the microswimmer, such as the surface wrinkling, can be controlled by applying prestrain on substrate for the precise fabrication and consistent performance of the microswimmers. The resulting annelid-worm-like microswimmers display efficient propulsion under an oscillating magnetic field, reaching a peak speed of ≈100 µm s-1 . The speed and directionality of the microswimmer can be readily controlled by changing the parameters of the field inputs. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the microswimmers are able to transport microparticles toward a predefined destination, although the translation velocity is inevitably reduced due to the additional hydrodynamic resistance of the microparticles. These annelid-worm-like microswimmers have excellent mobility, good maneuverability, and strong transport capacity, and they hold considerable promise for diverse biomedical, chemical sensing, and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Liu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Dongqing Ge
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Jiawei Cong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Hong-Guang Piao
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Xiufeng Huang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Yunli Xu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Guangduo Lu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Liqing Pan
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Min Liu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
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37
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Peng F, Tu Y, Wilson DA. Micro/nanomotors towards in vivo application: cell, tissue and biofluid. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5289-5310. [PMID: 28524919 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00885b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by highly efficient natural motors, synthetic micro/nanomotors are self-propelled machines capable of converting the supplied fuel into mechanical motion. A significant advance has been made in the construction of diverse motors over the last decade. These synthetic motor systems, with rapid transporting and efficient cargo towing abilities, are expected to open up new horizons for various applications. Utilizing emergent motor platforms for in vivo applications is one important aspect receiving growing interest as conventional therapeutic methodology still remains limited for cancer, heart, or vasculature diseases. In this review we will highlight the recent efforts towards realistic in vivo application of various motor systems. With ever booming research enthusiasm in this field and increasing multidisciplinary cooperation, micro/nanomotors with integrated multifunctionality and selectivity are on their way to revolutionize clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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38
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Richard C, Simmchen J, Eychmüller A. Photocatalytic Iron Oxide Micro-Swimmers for Environmental Remediation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2017-1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Harvesting energy from photochemical reactions has long been studied as an efficient means of renewable energy, a topic that is increasingly gaining importance also for motion at the microscale. Iron oxide has been a material of interest in recent studies. Thus, in this work different synthesis methods and encapsulation techniques were used to try and optimize the photo-catalytic properties of iron oxide colloids. Photodegradation experiments were carried out following the encapsulation of the nanoparticles and the Fenton effect was also verified. The end goal would be to use the photochemical degradation of peroxide to propel an array of swimmers in a controlled manner while utilizing the Fenton effect for the degradation of dyes or waste in wastewater remediation.
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Li J, Angsantikul P, Liu W, Esteban-Fernández de Ávila B, Chang X, Sandraz E, Liang Y, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Chen C, Gao W, Zhang L, Wang J. Biomimetic Platelet-Camouflaged Nanorobots for Binding and Isolation of Biological Threats. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704800. [PMID: 29193346 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
One emerging and exciting topic in robotics research is the design of micro-/nanoscale robots for biomedical operations. Unlike industrial robots that are developed primarily to automate routine and dangerous tasks, biomedical nanorobots are designed for complex, physiologically relevant environments, and tasks that involve unanticipated biological events. Here, a biologically interfaced nanorobot is reported, made of magnetic helical nanomotors cloaked with the plasma membrane of human platelets. The resulting biomimetic nanorobots possess a biological membrane coating consisting of diverse functional proteins associated with human platelets. Compared to uncoated nanomotors which experience severe biofouling effects and hence hindered propulsion in whole blood, the platelet-membrane-cloaked nanomotors disguise as human platelets and display efficient propulsion in blood over long time periods. The biointerfaced nanorobots display platelet-mimicking properties, including adhesion and binding to toxins and platelet-adhering pathogens, such as Shiga toxin and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The locomotion capacity and platelet-mimicking biological function of the biomimetic nanomotors offer efficient binding and isolation of these biological threats. The dynamic biointerfacing platform enabled by platelet-membrane cloaked nanorobots thus holds considerable promise for diverse biomedical and biodefense applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Li
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pavimol Angsantikul
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Xiaocong Chang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Elodie Sandraz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yuyan Liang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Siyu Zhu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chuanrui Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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40
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Zhou C, Yin J, Wu C, Du L, Wang Y. Efficient target capture and transport by fuel-free micromotors in a multichannel microchip. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:8064-8069. [PMID: 29099529 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01905j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Efficient capture and transport of biological targets by functionalized micromotors in microfluidic chips have emerged as to be promising for bioanalysis and detection of targets. However, the crucial step-target capture-is still inefficient due to the low utilization of active spots on the functionalized motor surfaces. Herein, we designed a multichannel microchip for integrating confined space with the oscillatory movement of micromotors to increase the capture efficiency. Acoustically driven, magnetically guided Au/Ni/Au micromotors were employed as the target carriers, while E. coli bacteria were chosen as the targets. Under optimized conditions, a capture efficiency of 96% and an average loading number of 3-4 (targets per single motor) could be achieved. The possibility of simple separation of targets from micromotors has also been demonstrated. This microfluidic system could facilitate the integration of multiple steps for bioanalysis and detection of targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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41
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Fei W, Gu Y, Bishop KJ. Active colloidal particles at fluid-fluid interfaces. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Eskandarloo H, Kierulf A, Abbaspourrad A. Nano- and micromotors for cleaning polluted waters: focused review on pollutant removal mechanisms. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13850-13863. [PMID: 28920114 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05494g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and micromotors are machines designed to self-propel and-in the process of propelling themselves-perform specialized tasks like cleaning polluted waters. These motors offer distinct advantages over conventionally static decontamination methods, owing to their ability to move around and self-mix-which heightens the interaction between their active sites and target pollutants-thus improving their speed and efficiency, which could potentially decrease treatment times and costs. In the last decade, considerable research efforts have been expended on exploring various mechanisms by which these motors can self-propel and remove pollutants, proving that the removal of oil droplets, heavy metals, and organic compounds using these synthetic motors is possible. This review highlights recent progress in the design of these nano- and micromotors for cleaning polluted waters, and gives an overview of their structure, fabrication, and propulsion methods, with a special focus on the mechanisms by which they remove pollutants-namely, either by adsorption or by degradation. A fundamental understanding of these removal mechanisms, with their attendant advantages and disadvantages, can help researchers fine-tune motor design in the future so that technical issues can be resolved before they are scaled-up for a wide variety of environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eskandarloo
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Eskandarloo H, Kierulf A, Abbaspourrad A. Light-harvesting synthetic nano- and micromotors: a review. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12218-12230. [PMID: 28809422 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05166b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and micromotors are machines that can be made to perform specialized tasks as they propel themselves in response to certain stimuli. While the design of these self-propelling nano- and micromotors remains challenging, they have nevertheless attracted considerable research due to their many promising applications. Most self-propelled nano- and micromotors are based on the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical movement. Recently, however, the development of motors that can be propelled by light as an external stimulus has received much attention. The reason being that light is a renewable energy source that does not require any physical connection to the motor, does not usually lead to any waste products, and is easy to control. This review highlights recent progress in the development of light-harvesting synthetic motors that can be efficiently propelled and accurately controlled by exposure to light, and gives an overview of their fabrication methods, propulsion mechanisms, and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eskandarloo
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Vilela D, Stanton MM, Parmar J, Sánchez S. Microbots Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles Kill Bacteria in Aqueous Media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:22093-22100. [PMID: 28603970 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Water contamination is one of the most persistent problems of public health. Resistance of some pathogens to conventional disinfectants can require the combination of multiple disinfectants or increased disinfectant doses, which may produce harmful byproducts. Here, we describe an efficient method for disinfecting Escherichia coli and removing the bacteria from contaminated water using water self-propelled Janus microbots decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The structure of a spherical Janus microbot consists of a magnesium (Mg) microparticle as a template that also functions as propulsion source by producing hydrogen bubbles when in contact with water, an inner iron (Fe) magnetic layer for their remote guidance and collection, and an outer AgNP-coated gold (Au) layer for bacterial adhesion and improving bactericidal properties. The active motion of microbots increases the chances of the contact of AgNPs on the microbot surface with bacteria, which provokes the selective Ag+ release in their cytoplasm, and the microbot self-propulsion increases the diffusion of the released Ag+ ions. In addition, the AgNP-coated Au cap of the microbots has a dual capability of capturing bacteria and then killing them. Thus, we have demonstrated that AgNP-coated Janus microbots are capable of efficiently killing more than 80% of E. coli compared with colloidal AgNPs that killed only less than 35% of E. coli in contaminated water solutions in 15 min. After capture and extermination of bacteria, magnetic properties of the cap allow collection of microbots from water along with the captured dead bacteria, leaving water with no biological contaminants. The presented biocompatible Janus microbots offer an encouraging method for rapid disinfection of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vilela
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Morgan M Stanton
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jemish Parmar
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , Psg. Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Yi Y, Sanchez L, Gao Y, Lee K, Yu Y. Interrogating Cellular Functions with Designer Janus Particles. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 29:1448-1460. [PMID: 31530969 PMCID: PMC6748339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b05322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Janus particles have two distinct surfaces or compartments. This enables novel applications that are impossible with homogeneous particles, ranging from the engineering of active colloidal metastructures to creating multimodal therapeutic materials. Recent years have witnessed a rapid development of novel Janus structures and exploration of their applications, particularly in the biomedical arena. It, therefore, becomes crucial to understand how Janus particles with surface or structural anisotropy might interact with biological systems and how such interactions may be exploited to manipulate biological responses. This perspective highlights recent studies that have employed Janus particles as novel toolsets to manipulate, measure, and understand cellular functions. Janus particles have been shown to have biological interactions different from uniform particles. Their surface anisotropy has been used to control the cell entry of synthetic particles, to spatially organize stimuli for the activation of immune cells, and to enable direct visualization and measurement of rotational dynamics of particles in living systems. The work included in this perspective showcases the significance of understanding the biological interactions of Janus particles and the tremendous potential of harnessing such interactions to advance the development of Janus structure-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yan Yu
- Corresponding Author (Y.Yu)
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47
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Delezuk JAM, Ramírez-Herrera DE, Esteban-Fernández de Ávila B, Wang J. Chitosan-based water-propelled micromotors with strong antibacterial activity. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2195-2200. [PMID: 28134392 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09799e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and efficient micromotor-based bacteria killing strategy is described. The new antibacterial approach couples the attractive antibacterial properties of chitosan with the efficient water-powered propulsion of magnesium (Mg) micromotors. These Janus micromotors consist of Mg microparticles coated with the biodegradable and biocompatible polymers poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), alginate (Alg) and chitosan (Chi), with the latter responsible for the antibacterial properties of the micromotor. The distinct speed and efficiency advantages of the new micromotor-based environmentally friendly antibacterial approach have been demonstrated in various control experiments by treating drinking water contaminated with model Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The new dynamic antibacterial strategy offers dramatic improvements in the antibacterial efficiency, compared to static chitosan-coated microparticles (e.g., 27-fold enhancement), with a 96% killing efficiency within 10 min. Potential real-life applications of these chitosan-based micromotors for environmental remediation have been demonstrated by the efficient treatment of seawater and fresh water samples contaminated with unknown bacteria. Coupling the efficient water-driven propulsion of such biodegradable and biocompatible micromotors with the antibacterial properties of chitosan holds great considerable promise for advanced antimicrobial water treatment operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A M Delezuk
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Doris E Ramírez-Herrera
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | | | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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48
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Peng F, Tu Y, Adhikari A, Hintzen JCJ, Löwik DWPM, Wilson DA. A peptide functionalized nanomotor as an efficient cell penetrating tool. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1088-1091. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09169e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel peptide-nanomotor based hybrid system is presented for fast cell penetration and cargo delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Peng
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Ashish Adhikari
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Jordi C. J. Hintzen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
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49
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Peterson KE, Henry RF, Zhang GGZ, MacGillivray LR. Reducing a cocrystal to nanoscale dimensions enables retention of physical crystal integrity upon dehydration. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00826k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation and dehydration of a cocrystal of caffeine and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Iowa
- Iowa City
- 52242-1294 USA
- Research and Development
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50
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Lin X, Si T, Wu Z, He Q. Self-thermophoretic motion of controlled assembled micro-/nanomotors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:23606-23613. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02561k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Controlled assembled micro-/nanomotors are driven in fluid by near infrared light. The behaviour and mechanism of self-thermophoretic motion are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing
- Ministry of Education
- Micro/Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
| | - Tieyan Si
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing
- Ministry of Education
- Micro/Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing
- Ministry of Education
- Micro/Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing
- Ministry of Education
- Micro/Nanotechnology Research Centre
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
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