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Pach A, Szot A, Fitzner K, Luty-Błocho M. Opportunities and Challenges in the Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles via the Chemical Route in Microreactor Systems. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:1119. [PMID: 39337779 PMCID: PMC11434062 DOI: 10.3390/mi15091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The process of noble metal nanoparticle synthesis is complex and consists of at least two steps: slow nucleation and fast autocatalytic growth. The kinetics of these two processes depends on the reductant "power" and the addition of stabilizers, as well as other factors (e.g., temperature, pH, ionic strength). Knowing these parameters, it is possible to synthesize materials with appropriate physicochemical properties, which can be simply adjusted by the type of the used metal, particle morphology and surface property. This, in turn, affects the possibility of their applications in various areas of life, including medicine, catalysis, engineering, fuel cells, etc. However, in some cases, the standard route, i.e., the chemical reduction of a metal precursor carried out in the batch reactor, is not sufficient due to problems with temperature control, properties of reagents, unstable or dangerous intermediates and products, etc. Therefore, in this review, we focused on an alternative approach to their chemical synthesis provided by microreactor systems. The use of microreactors for the synthesis of noble metal nanomaterials (e.g., Ag, Au, Pt, Pd), obtained by chemical reduction, is analyzed, taking into account investigations carried out in recent years. A particular emphasis is placed on the processes in which the use of microreactors removed the limitations associated with synthesis in a batch reactor. Moreover, the opportunities and challenges related to the synthesis of noble nanomaterials in the microreactor system are underlined. This review discusses the advantages as well as the problems of nanoparticle synthesis in microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Magdalena Luty-Błocho
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, al. Adama Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (A.S.); (K.F.)
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2
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Sancho-Albero M, Sebastian V, Perez-Lopez AM, Martin-Duque P, Unciti-Broceta A, Santamaria J. Extracellular Vesicles-Mediated Bio-Orthogonal Catalysis in Growing Tumors. Cells 2024; 13:691. [PMID: 38667306 PMCID: PMC11048864 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported the successful use of bio-orthogonal catalyst nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer therapy. However, the delivery of the catalysts to the target tissues in vivo remains an unsolved challenge. The combination of catalytic NPs with extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been proposed as a promising approach to improve the delivery of therapeutic nanomaterials to the desired organs. In this study, we have developed a nanoscale bio-hybrid vector using a CO-mediated reduction at low temperature to generate ultrathin catalytic Pd nanosheets (PdNSs) as catalysts directly inside cancer-derived EVs. We have also compared their biodistribution with that of PEGylated PdNSs delivered by the EPR effect. Our results indicate that the accumulation of PdNSs in the tumour tissue was significantly higher when they were administered within the EVs compared to the PEGylated PdNSs. Conversely, the amount of Pd found in non-target organs (i.e., liver) was lowered. Once the Pd-based catalytic EVs were accumulated in the tumours, they enabled the activation of a paclitaxel prodrug demonstrating their ability to carry out bio-orthogonal uncaging chemistries in vivo for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sancho-Albero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.S.); (J.S.)
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Enviromental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.S.); (J.S.)
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Enviromental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. Perez-Lopez
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; (A.M.P.-L.); (A.U.-B.)
| | - Pilar Martin-Duque
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.S.); (J.S.)
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research, CRUK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; (A.M.P.-L.); (A.U.-B.)
| | - Jesus Santamaria
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (V.S.); (J.S.)
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBERBBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Enviromental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Wang W, Wang Y, Zhang D, Guo G, Wang L, Wang X. Kinetically Controlled Nucleation Enabled by Tunable Microfluidic Mixing for the Synthesis of Dendritic Au@Pt Core/Shell Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2302589. [PMID: 37967327 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The nucleation stage plays a decisive role in determining nanocrystal morphology and properties; hence, the ability to regulate nucleation is critical for achieving high-level control. Herein, glass microfluidic chips with S-shaped mixing units are designed for the synthesis of Au@Pt core/shell materials. The use of hydrodynamics to tune the nucleation kinetics is explored by varying the number of mixing units. Dendritic Au@Pt core/shell nanomaterials are controllably synthesized and a formation mechanism is proposed. As-synthesized Au@Pt exhibited excellent ethanol oxidation activity under alkaline conditions (8.4 times that of commercial Pt/C). This approach is also successfully applied to the synthesize of Au@Pd core/shell nanomaterials, thus demonstrating its generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wubin Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yacheng Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Dongtang Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Guangsheng Guo
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Leyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiayan Wang
- Center of Excellence for Environmental Safety and Biological Effects, Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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4
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Prabhu P, Do VH, Peng CK, Hu H, Chen SY, Choi JH, Lin YG, Lee JM. Oxygen-Bridged Stabilization of Single Atomic W on Rh Metallenes for Robust and Efficient pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37196172 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts are of the utmost importance for the sustainable generation of clean hydrogen by water electrolysis. Here, we present a report of an atomically thin rhodium metallene incorporated with oxygen-bridged single atomic tungsten (Rh-O-W) as a high-performance electrocatalyst for pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction. The Rh-O-W metallene delivers ascendant electrocatalytic HER performance, characterized by exceptionally low overpotentials, ultrahigh mass activities, excellent turnover frequencies, and robust stability with negligible deactivation, in pH-universal electrolytes, outperforming that of benchmark Pt/C, Rh/C and numerous other reported precious-metal HER catalysts. Interestingly, the promoting feature of -O-W single atomic sites is understood via operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization and theoretical calculations. On account of electron transfer and equilibration processes take place between the binary components of Rh-O-W metallenes, fine-tuning of the density of states and electron localization at Rh active sites is attained, hence promoting HER via a near-optimal hydrogen adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prabhu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Viet-Hung Do
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Chun Kuo Peng
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Huimin Hu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovation, College of Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Core Technology of High Specific Energy Battery and Key Materials for Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovation, College of Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Core Technology of High Specific Energy Battery and Key Materials for Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yan-Gu Lin
- Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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5
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The effect of a gas atmosphere on the formation of colloidal platinum nanoparticles in liquid phase synthesis. Colloid Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-023-05077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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6
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Sancho-Albero M, Martín-Pardillos A, Lujan L, Sebastian V, Santamaria J, Martín-Duque P. Exosomes loaded with ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles: a novel low-toxicity alternative to cisplatin. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:473. [PMCID: PMC9636640 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Platinum nanoparticles have been demonstrated to have excellent anticancer properties. However, because of the lack of specificity they must be delivered to the tumor in amounts sufficient to reach the desired therapeutic objectives. Interestingly, exosomes are considered as excellent natural selective delivery nanotools, but until know their targeting properties have not being combined with the anticancer properties of platinum nanoparticles.
Results
In this work we combine the targeting capabilities of exosomes and the antitumoral properties of ultrasmall (< 2 nm) platinum nanoparticles as a novel, low toxicity alternative to the use of cisplatin. A mild methodology based on the room temperature CO-assisted in situ reduction of Pt2+ precursor was employed to preserve the integrity of exosomes, while generating ultrasmall therapeutic PtNPs directly inside the vesicles. The resulting PtNPs-loaded exosomes constitute a novel hybrid bioartificial system that was readily internalized by the target cells inducing antiproliferative response, as shown by flow cytometry and microscopy experiments in vitro. In vivo Pt-Exos showed antitumoral properties similar to that of cisplatin but with a strongly reduced or in some cases no toxic effect, highlighting the advantages of this approach and its potential for translation to the clinic.
Conclusions
In this study, a nanoscale vector based on ultrasmall PtNPs and exosomes has been created exhibiting antitumoral properties comparable or higher to those of the FDA approved cisplatin. The preferential uptake of PtNPs mediated by exosomal transfer between certain cell types has been exploited to create a selective antitumoral novel bioartificial system. We have demonstrated their anticancer properties both in vitro and in vivo comparing the results obtained with the administration of equivalent amounts of cisplatin, and showing a spectacular reduction of toxicity.
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7
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Ninakanti R, Dingenen F, Borah R, Peeters H, Verbruggen SW. Plasmonic Hybrid Nanostructures in Photocatalysis: Structures, Mechanisms, and Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:40. [PMID: 35951165 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
(Sun)Light is an abundantly available sustainable source of energy that has been used in catalyzing chemical reactions for several decades now. In particular, studies related to the interaction of light with plasmonic nanostructures have been receiving increased attention. These structures display the unique property of localized surface plasmon resonance, which converts light of a specific wavelength range into hot charge carriers, along with strong local electromagnetic fields, and/or heat, which may all enhance the reaction efficiency in their own way. These unique properties of plasmonic nanoparticles can be conveniently tuned by varying the metal type, size, shape, and dielectric environment, thus prompting a research focus on rationally designed plasmonic hybrid nanostructures. In this review, the term "hybrid" implies nanomaterials that consist of multiple plasmonic or non-plasmonic materials, forming complex configurations in the geometry and/or at the atomic level. We discuss the synthetic techniques and evolution of such hybrid plasmonic nanostructures giving rise to a wide variety of material and geometric configurations. Bimetallic alloys, which result in a new set of opto-physical parameters, are compared with core-shell configurations. For the latter, the use of metal, semiconductor, and polymer shells is reviewed. Also, more complex structures such as Janus and antenna reactor composites are discussed. This review further summarizes the studies exploiting plasmonic hybrids to elucidate the plasmonic-photocatalytic mechanism. Finally, we review the implementation of these plasmonic hybrids in different photocatalytic application domains such as H2 generation, CO2 reduction, water purification, air purification, and disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshreddy Ninakanti
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Fons Dingenen
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rituraj Borah
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Peeters
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sammy W Verbruggen
- Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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8
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Ye L, Zhou L, Lu Y. Direct Continuous Synthesis of Oleic Acid-Modified Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles in a Microflow System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yangcheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Sebastian V. Toward continuous production of high-quality nanomaterials using microfluidics: nanoengineering the shape, structure and chemical composition. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4411-4447. [PMID: 35274121 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06342a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a multitude of synthesis strategies has been reported for the production of high-quality nanoparticles. Wet-chemical methods are generally the most efficient synthesis procedures since high control of crystallinity and physicochemical properties can be achieved. However, a number of challenges remain from inadequate reaction control during the nanocrystallization process; specifically variability, selectivity, scalability and safety. These shortcomings complicate the synthesis, make it difficult to obtain a uniform product with desired properties, and present serious limitations for scaling the production of colloidal nanocrystals from academic studies to industrial applications. Continuous flow reactors based on microfluidic principles offer potential solutions and advantages. The reproducibility of reaction conditions in microfluidics and therefore product quality have proved to exceed those obtained by batch processing. Considering that in nanoparticles' production not only is it crucial to control the particle size distribution, but also the shape and chemical composition, this review presents an overview of the current state-of-the-art in synthesis of anisotropic and faceted nanostructures by using microfluidics techniques. The review surveys the available tools that enable shape and chemical control, including secondary growth methods, active segmented flow, and photoinduced shape conversion. In addition, emphasis is placed on the available approaches developed to tune the structure and chemical composition of nanomaterials in order to produce complex heterostructures in a continuous and reproducible fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sebastian
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University de Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Centre of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos, 3-5 Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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10
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Scalable Production of High-Quality Silver Nanowires via Continuous-Flow Droplet Synthesis. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12061018. [PMID: 35335831 PMCID: PMC8949512 DOI: 10.3390/nano12061018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have shown great potential in next-generation flexible displays, due to their superior electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. However, as with most nanomaterials, a limited production capacity and poor reproduction quality, based on the batch reaction, largely hinder their application. Here, we applied continuous-flow synthesis for the scalable and high-quality production of Ag NWs, and built a pilot-scale line for kilogram-level per day production. In addition, we found that trace quantities of water could generate sufficient vapor as a spacer under high temperature to efficiently prevent the back-flow or mixed-flow of the reaction solution. With an optimized synthetic formula, a mass production of pure Ag NWs of 36.5 g/h was achieved by a multiple-channel, continuous-flow reactor.
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11
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Abad M, Mendoza G, Usón L, Arruebo M, Piñol M, Sebastián V, Oriol L. Microfluidic Synthesis of Block Copolymer Micelles: Application as Drug nanocarriers and as Photothermal Transductors When Loading Pd Nanosheets. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100528. [PMID: 35258161 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles from a block copolymer based on poly(ethylene glycol) and a polymethacrylate containing the nucleobase analogue 2,6-diacylaminopyridine has been optimized by microfluidics to obtain homogeneous spherical micelles. Loading and delivery properties have been studied using naproxen as a model. The incorporation of a Pd precursor in the polymer organic solution fed into the micromixer allows the preparation of Pd(II) precursor-polymer hybrid systems, and the subsequent reduction with CO lead to the in-situ synthesis of Pd nanosheets inside of the hydrophobic core of the polymeric micelles. This methodology is highly efficient to yield all polymeric nanoparticles loaded with Pd nanosheets as detected by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The cell viability of these Pd nanosheets-containing polymeric nanoparticles has been evaluated using five cell lines, showing a high cytocompatibility at the tested concentrations without detrimental effects in cell membrane and nuclei. Furthermore, the use of these hybrid polymeric nanoparticles as photothermal transductors has been evaluated using NIR as irradiation source, as well as its application in photothermal therapy using different cell lines demonstrating a high efficiency in all cell cultures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Abad
- M. Abad, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,M. Abad, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- G. Mendoza, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,G. Mendoza, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiomedicine (CIBER-BNN), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,G. Mendoza, Aragón Health Research Institute (ISS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Laura Usón
- L. Usón, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,L. Usón, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,L. Usón, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiomedicine (CIBER-BNN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiomedicine (CIBER-BNN), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Aragón Health Research Institute (ISS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Milagros Piñol
- M. Abad, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,M. Abad, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.,M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiomedicine (CIBER-BNN), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,M. Arruebo, V. Sebastián, Aragón Health Research Institute (ISS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Luis Oriol
- M. Abad, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.,M. Abad, M. Piñol, L. Oriol, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
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12
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High Temperature Continuous Flow Syntheses of Iron Oxide Nanoflowers Using the Polyol Route in a Multi-Parametric Millifluidic Device. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010119. [PMID: 35010070 PMCID: PMC8746638 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most versatile routes for the elaboration of nanomaterials in materials science, including the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoclusters, is the high-temperature polyol process. However, despite its versatility, this process still lacks reproducibility and scale-up, in addition to the low yield obtained in final materials. In this work, we demonstrate a home-made multiparametric continuous flow millifluidic system that can operate at high temperatures (up to 400 °C). After optimization, we validate its potential for the production of nanomaterials using the polyol route at 220 °C by elaborating ferrite iron oxide nanoclusters called nanoflowers (CoFe2O4, Fe3O4, MnFe2O4) with well-controlled nanostructure and composition, which are highly demanded due to their physical properties. Moreover, we demonstrate that by using such a continuous process, the chemical yield and reproducibility of the nanoflower synthesis are strongly improved as well as the possibility to produce these nanomaterials on a large scale with quantities up to 45 g per day.
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13
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Illath K, Kar S, Gupta P, Shinde A, Wankhar S, Tseng FG, Lim KT, Nagai M, Santra TS. Microfluidic nanomaterials: From synthesis to biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121247. [PMID: 34801251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms gain popularity in biomedical research due to their attractive inherent features, especially in nanomaterials synthesis. This review critically evaluates the current state of the controlled synthesis of nanomaterials using microfluidic devices. We describe nanomaterials' screening in microfluidics, which is very relevant for automating the synthesis process for biomedical applications. We discuss the latest microfluidics trends to achieve noble metal, silica, biopolymer, quantum dots, iron oxide, carbon-based, rare-earth-based, and other nanomaterials with a specific size, composition, surface modification, and morphology required for particular biomedical application. Screening nanomaterials has become an essential tool to synthesize desired nanomaterials using more automated processes with high speed and repeatability, which can't be neglected in today's microfluidic technology. Moreover, we emphasize biomedical applications of nanomaterials, including imaging, targeting, therapy, and sensing. Before clinical use, nanomaterials have to be evaluated under physiological conditions, which is possible in the microfluidic system as it stimulates chemical gradients, fluid flows, and the ability to control microenvironment and partitioning multi-organs. In this review, we emphasize the clinical evaluation of nanomaterials using microfluidics which was not covered by any other reviews. In the future, the growth of new materials or modification in existing materials using microfluidics platforms and applications in a diversity of biomedical fields by utilizing all the features of microfluidic technology is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Illath
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Pallavi Gupta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | - Ashwini Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
| | - Syrpailyne Wankhar
- Department of Bioengineering, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, South Korea
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
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14
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Tuning the morphology of bimetallic gold-platinum nanorods in a microflow synthesis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Gorenskaia E, Turner KL, Martín S, Cea P, Low PJ. Fabrication of metallic and non-metallic top electrodes for large-area molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9055-9074. [PMID: 34042128 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00917f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular junctions have proven invaluable tools through which to explore the electronic properties of molecules and molecular monolayers. In seeking to develop a viable molecular electronics based technology it becomes essential to be able to reliably create larger area molecular junctions by contacting molecular monolayers to both bottom and top electrodes. The assembly of monolayers onto a conducting substrate by self-assembly, Langmuir-Blodgett and other methods is well established. However, the deposition of top-contact electrodes without film penetration or damage from the growing electrode material has proven problematic. This Review highlights the challenges of this area, and presents a selective overview of methods that have been used to solve these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorenskaia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Kelly L Turner
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Santiago Martín
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA). Universidad de Zaragoza, Edificio I+D+i. 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA). Universidad de Zaragoza, Edificio I+D+i. 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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16
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Ghildiyal P, Biswas P, Herrera S, Mulholland GW, Yang Y, Abbaschian R, Zachariah MR. Magnetic-Field Directed Vapor-Phase Assembly of Low Fractal Dimension Metal Nanostructures: Experiment and Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4085-4091. [PMID: 33884876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While gas-phase synthesis techniques offer a scalable approach to production of metal nanoparticles, directed assembly is challenging due to fast particle diffusion rates that lead to random Brownian aggregation. This work explores an electromagnetic-levitation technique to generate metal nanoparticle aggregates with fractal dimension (Df) below that of diffusion limited assembly. We demonstrate that in addition to levitation and induction heating, the external magnetic field is sufficient to compete with random Brownian forces, which enables the formation of altered fractals. Ferromagnetic metals (Fe, Ni) form chain-like aggregates, while paramagnetic Cu forms compact nanoparticle aggregates with higher Df values. We have also employed a Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the necessary field strength to form linear chains in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Ghildiyal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Prithwish Biswas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Steven Herrera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - George W Mulholland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Reza Abbaschian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Michael R Zachariah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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17
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Castillo-Vallés M, Romero P, Sebastián V, Ros MB. Microfluidics for the rapid and controlled preparation of organic nanotubes of bent-core based dendrimers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1682-1689. [PMID: 36132558 PMCID: PMC9418585 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00744g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, bent-core molecules have emerged as excellent building blocks for the obtaining of nanostructures in solvents. Herein, we report the use of a coaxial microfluidic system as a promising tool to control the self-assembly of non-conventional bent-core amphiphiles. Moreover, a TEM study to comprehend the hierarchical self-assembly process in solution was carried out. The proposed tool provides both a cost-effective platform to save hard-to-synthesise reagents and a rapid method to screen a plethora of different parameters, i.e., THF/water ratio, residence time, concentration of the amphiphile, temperature and pH. The experiments allowed to test for the first time the suitability of microfluidics for the self-assembly of bent-core molecules, as well as the study of a range of conditions to control the assembly of different nanostructures in a rapid and controlled manner. Additionally, organic nanostructures were combined with gold nanoparticles to prepare nanocomposites with enhanced properties. Both organic and hybrid nanostructures were also obtained in the solid state. These results may inspire scientists working on supramolecular chemistry and bent-core molecules expanding the scope of microfluidic systems for the self-assembly of other low-molecular-weight compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Castillo-Vallés
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Pilar Romero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN 28029-Madrid Spain
| | - M Blanca Ros
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
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18
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Volk AA, Epps RW, Abolhasani M. Accelerated Development of Colloidal Nanomaterials Enabled by Modular Microfluidic Reactors: Toward Autonomous Robotic Experimentation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004495. [PMID: 33289177 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microfluidic technologies have emerged as a powerful approach for the advanced synthesis and rapid optimization of various solution-processed nanomaterials, including semiconductor quantum dots and nanoplatelets, and metal plasmonic and reticular framework nanoparticles. These fluidic systems offer access to previously unattainable measurements and synthesis conditions at unparalleled efficiencies and sampling rates. Despite these advantages, microfluidic systems have yet to be extensively adopted by the colloidal nanomaterial community. To help bridge the gap, this progress report details the basic principles of microfluidic reactor design and performance, as well as the current state of online diagnostics and autonomous robotic experimentation strategies, toward the size, shape, and composition-controlled synthesis of various colloidal nanomaterials. By discussing the application of fluidic platforms in recent high-priority colloidal nanomaterial studies and their potential for integration with rapidly emerging artificial intelligence-based decision-making strategies, this report seeks to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations between microfluidic reactor engineers and colloidal nanomaterial chemists. Full convergence of these two research efforts offers significantly expedited and enhanced nanomaterial discovery, optimization, and manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A Volk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Robert W Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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19
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Zhou P, He J, Huang L, Yu Z, Su Z, Shi X, Zhou J. Microfluidic High-Throughput Platforms for Discovery of Novel Materials. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122514. [PMID: 33333718 PMCID: PMC7765132 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening is a potent technique to accelerate the discovery and development of new materials. By performing massive synthesis and characterization processes in parallel, it can rapidly discover materials with desired components, structures and functions. Among the various approaches for high-throughput screening, microfluidic platforms have attracted increasing attention. Compared with many current strategies that are generally based on robotic dispensers and automatic microplates, microfluidic platforms can significantly increase the throughput and reduce the consumption of reagents by several orders of magnitude. In this review, we first introduce current advances of the two types of microfluidic high-throughput platforms based on microarrays and microdroplets, respectively. Then the utilization of these platforms for screening different types of materials, including inorganic metals, metal alloys and organic polymers are described in detail. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this promising field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (P.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (Z.S.)
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - Jinxu He
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (P.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (Z.S.)
| | - Lu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (P.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (J.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-3938-7890 (J.Z.)
| | - Ziming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (P.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhenning Su
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (P.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (Z.S.)
| | - Xuetao Shi
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Material Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (P.Z.); (J.H.); (Z.Y.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (J.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-3938-7890 (J.Z.)
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20
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Sebastian V, Sancho-Albero M, Arruebo M, Pérez-López AM, Rubio-Ruiz B, Martin-Duque P, Unciti-Broceta A, Santamaría J. Nondestructive production of exosomes loaded with ultrathin palladium nanosheets for targeted bio-orthogonal catalysis. Nat Protoc 2020; 16:131-163. [PMID: 33247282 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of exosomes as selective delivery vehicles of therapeutic agents, such as drugs or hyperthermia-capable nanoparticles, is being intensely investigated on account of their preferential tropism toward their parental cells. However, the methods used to introduce a therapeutic load inside exosomes often involve disruption of their membrane, which may jeopardize their targeting capabilities, attributed to their surface integrins. On the other hand, in recent years bio-orthogonal catalysis has emerged as a new tool with a myriad of potential applications in medicine. These bio-orthogonal processes, often based on Pd-catalyzed chemistry, would benefit from systems capable of delivering the catalyst to target cells. It is therefore highly attractive to combine the targeting capabilities of exosomes and the bio-orthogonal potential of Pd nanoparticles to create new therapeutic vectors. In this protocol, we provide detailed information on an efficient procedure to achieve a high load of catalytically active Pd nanosheets inside exosomes, without disrupting their membranes. The protocol involves a multistage process in which exosomes are first harvested, subjected to impregnation with a Pd salt precursor followed by a mild reduction process using gas-phase CO, which acts as both a reducing and growth-directing agent to produce the desired nanosheets. The technology is scalable, and the protocol can be conducted by any researcher having basic biology and chemistry skills in ~3 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sebastian
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. .,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Sancho-Albero
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Pérez-López
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institut für Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Belén Rubio-Ruiz
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO) and Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Martin-Duque
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud-Fundación Araid/IIS Aragón, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Aragón, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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21
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Berti B, Bortoluzzi M, Ceriotti A, Cesari C, Femoni C, Carmela Iapalucci M, Zacchini S. Further insights into platinum carbonyl Chini clusters. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Pérez-López AM, Rubio-Ruiz B, Valero T, Contreras-Montoya R, Álvarez de Cienfuegos L, Sebastián V, Santamaría J, Unciti-Broceta A. Bioorthogonal Uncaging of Cytotoxic Paclitaxel through Pd Nanosheet-Hydrogel Frameworks. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9650-9659. [PMID: 32787091 PMCID: PMC7497487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The promising potential of bioorthogonal catalysis in biomedicine is inspiring incremental efforts to design strategies that regulate drug activity in living systems. To achieve this, it is not only essential to develop customized inactive prodrugs and biocompatible metal catalysts but also the right physical environment for them to interact and enable drug production under spatial and/or temporal control. Toward this goal, here, we report the first inactive precursor of the potent broad-spectrum anticancer drug paclitaxel (a.k.a. Taxol) that is stable in cell culture and labile to Pd catalysts. This new prodrug is effectively uncaged in cancer cell culture by Pd nanosheets captured within agarose and alginate hydrogels, providing a biodegradable catalytic framework to achieve controlled release of one of the most important chemotherapy drugs in medical practice. The compatibility of bioorthogonal catalysis and physical hydrogels opens up new opportunities to administer and modulate the mobility of transition metal catalysts in living environs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Pérez-López
- Cancer
Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Belén Rubio-Ruiz
- Cancer
Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Teresa Valero
- Cancer
Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Rafael Contreras-Montoya
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18002, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18002, Spain
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology; Instituto de
Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-
BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology; Instituto de
Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-
BBN), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer
Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
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23
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Nanofabrication Techniques in Large-Area Molecular Electronic Devices. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The societal impact of the electronics industry is enormous—not to mention how this industry impinges on the global economy. The foreseen limits of the current technology—technical, economic, and sustainability issues—open the door to the search for successor technologies. In this context, molecular electronics has emerged as a promising candidate that, at least in the short-term, will not likely replace our silicon-based electronics, but improve its performance through a nascent hybrid technology. Such technology will take advantage of both the small dimensions of the molecules and new functionalities resulting from the quantum effects that govern the properties at the molecular scale. An optimization of interface engineering and integration of molecules to form densely integrated individually addressable arrays of molecules are two crucial aspects in the molecular electronics field. These challenges should be met to establish the bridge between organic functional materials and hard electronics required for the incorporation of such hybrid technology in the market. In this review, the most advanced methods for fabricating large-area molecular electronic devices are presented, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Special emphasis is focused on bottom-up methodologies for the fabrication of well-ordered and tightly-packed monolayers onto the bottom electrode, followed by a description of the top-contact deposition methods so far used.
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24
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Segmented Microfluidic Flow Reactors for Nanomaterial Synthesis. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071421. [PMID: 32708175 PMCID: PMC7407902 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic reactors have remarkably promoted the synthesis and investigation of advanced nanomaterials due to their continuous mode and accelerated heat/mass transfer. Notably, segmented microfluidic flow reactors (SMFRs) are an important class of microfluidic reactors that have been developed to accurately manipulate nanomaterial synthesis by further improvement of the residence time distributions and unique flow behaviors. This review provided a survey of the nanomaterial synthesis in SMFRs for the aspects of fluid dynamics, flow patterns, and mass transfer among and within distinct phases and provided examples of the synthesis of versatile nanomaterials via the use of different flow patterns.
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25
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Asano S, Takahashi Y, Maki T, Muranaka Y, Cherkasov N, Mae K. Contactless mass transfer for intra-droplet extraction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7685. [PMID: 32376922 PMCID: PMC7203142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the possibility of “contactless” mass transfer between two aqueous slugs (droplets) separated by an oil slug in Taylor flow inside milli-channels. Separation of the alternating aqueous slugs at the outlet was performed by switching a couple of solenoid valves at branched outlets according to signals obtained by an optical sensor at the branch. Transfer of bromothymol blue (BTB) from acidic to basic aqueous slugs was performed for demonstration. In some cases, aqueous slugs separated by oil, merged catching on each other due to the velocity difference. Interfacial tension which was affected by the solute concentration was responsible for the velocity difference. Position-specific mass transfer activity at the rear end of the aqueous slugs was found on the course of the experiment. A meandering channel decreased the velocity difference and enhanced mass transfer. Almost complete (93%) transfer of BTB was achieved within a short residence time of several minutes under optimized conditions. The presented system opens a way for advanced separation using minimum amounts of the oil phase and allows concentrating the solute by altering relative lengths of the sender and receiver slugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Asano
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga Koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan. .,Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga Koen, Kasuga, 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Taisuke Maki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Muranaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Nikolay Cherkasov
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Kazuhiro Mae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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26
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Luo L, Yang M, Chen G. Continuous Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide-Supported Bimetallic NPs in Liquid–Liquid Segmented Flow. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Luo
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangwen Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Sui J, Yan J, Liu D, Wang K, Luo G. Continuous Synthesis of Nanocrystals via Flow Chemistry Technology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1902828. [PMID: 31755221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Modern nanotechnologies bring humanity to a new age, and advanced methods for preparing functional nanocrystals are cornerstones. A considerable variety of nanomaterials has been created over the past decades, but few were prepared on the macro scale, even fewer making it to the stage of industrial production. The gap between academic research and engineering production is expected to be filled by flow chemistry technology, which relies on microreactors. Microreaction devices and technologies for synthesizing different kinds of nanocrystals are discussed from an engineering point of view. The advantages of microreactors, the important features of flow chemistry systems, and methods to apply them in the syntheses of salt, oxide, metal, alloy, and quantum dot nanomaterials are summarized. To further exhibit the scaling-up of nanocrystal synthesis, recent reports on using microreactors with gram per hour and larger production rates are highlighted. Finally, an industrial example for preparing 10 tons of CaCO3 nanoparticles per day is introduced, which shows the great potential for flow chemistry processes to transfer lab research to industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Sui
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junyu Yan
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Di Liu
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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28
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Panariello L, Wu G, Besenhard MO, Loizou K, Storozhuk L, Thanh NTK, Gavriilidis A. A Modular Millifluidic Platform for the Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Control over Dissolved Gas and Flow Configuration. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1019. [PMID: 32106389 PMCID: PMC7079590 DOI: 10.3390/ma13041019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gas-liquid reactions are poorly explored in the context of nanomaterials synthesis, despite evidence of significant effects of dissolved gas on nanoparticle properties. This applies to the aqueous synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, where gaseous reactants can influence reaction rate, particle size and crystal structure. Conventional batch reactors offer poor control of gas-liquid mass transfer due to lack of control on the gas-liquid interface and are often unsafe when used at high pressure. This work describes the design of a modular flow platform for the water-based synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles through the oxidative hydrolysis of Fe2+ salts, targeting magnetic hyperthermia applications. Four different reactor systems were designed through the assembly of two modular units, allowing control over the type of gas dissolved in the solution, as well as the flow pattern within the reactor (single-phase and liquid-liquid two-phase flow). The two modular units consisted of a coiled millireactor and a tube-in-tube gas-liquid contactor. The straightforward pressurization of the system allows control over the concentration of gas dissolved in the reactive solution and the ability to operate the reactor at a temperature above the solvent boiling point. The variables controlled in the flow system (temperature, flow pattern and dissolved gaseous reactants) allowed full conversion of the iron precursor to magnetite/maghemite nanocrystals in just 3 min, as compared to several hours normally employed in batch. The single-phase configuration of the flow platform allowed the synthesis of particles with sizes between 26.5 nm (in the presence of carbon monoxide) and 34 nm. On the other hand, the liquid-liquid two-phase flow reactor showed possible evidence of interfacial absorption, leading to particles with different morphology compared to their batch counterpart. When exposed to an alternating magnetic field, the particles produced by the four flow systems showed ILP (intrinsic loss parameter) values between 1.2 and 2.7 nHm2/kg. Scale up by a factor of 5 of one of the configurations was also demonstrated. The scaled-up system led to the synthesis of nanoparticles of equivalent quality to those produced with the small-scale reactor system. The equivalence between the two systems is supported by a simple analysis of the transport phenomena in the small and large-scale setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Panariello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; (L.P.); (G.W.); (M.O.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Gaowei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; (L.P.); (G.W.); (M.O.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Maximilian O. Besenhard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; (L.P.); (G.W.); (M.O.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Katerina Loizou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; (L.P.); (G.W.); (M.O.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Liudmyla Storozhuk
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (L.S.); (N.T.K.T.)
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (L.S.); (N.T.K.T.)
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Asterios Gavriilidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK; (L.P.); (G.W.); (M.O.B.); (K.L.)
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29
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Długosz O, Banach M. Inorganic nanoparticle synthesis in flow reactors – applications and future directions. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of flow technologies for obtaining nanoparticles can play an important role in the development of ecological and sustainable processes for obtaining inorganic nanomaterials, and the continuous methods are part of the Flow Chemistry trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Długosz
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- Cracow 31-155
- Poland
| | - Marcin Banach
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Institute of Chemistry and Inorganic Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- Cracow 31-155
- Poland
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30
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Larrea A, Eguizabal A, Sebastián V. Gas-Directed Production of Noble Metal-Magnetic Heteronanostructures in Continuous Fashion: Application in Catalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43520-43532. [PMID: 31664814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Complex nanomaterials produced by scale-up batch processes lack suitable control of shape, size distribution, chemical composition, and quality, because heat and mass transfer are seriously affected as the reactor volume increases. Here we use a novel continuous synthesis procedure, the active gas-liquid segmented flow, to produce noble metal-magnetic heteronanostructures with enormous interest in the fields of catalysis, biomedicine, environmental sensors, food monitoring, and chemical analysis. The microreactor technology proposed scales down the reaction volume to gain advantage of the large surface area to volume ratio with respect to conventional batch-type reactors, improving heat and mass transport and, consequently, promoting a uniform heating and mixing. The gas phase was introduced in the chemical reactor as gas slugs of nanoliter scale with a dual role: (1) passive mixing and (2) chemical directing agent to tune the crystallization of nanostructures in a continuous fashion. The shape, size, and magnetic properties of the resulting heteronanostructures, as well as the density, size, and composition of noble metal nanoparticles were tuned to show the versatility of the proposed approach in a timeline of 4 min. We demonstrated that the produced nanostructures provide excellent catalytic properties in the catalyzed hydrogenation of nitrophenols to aminophenols. Electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry studies showed the remarkable catalytic performance of the produced heteronanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Larrea
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon and Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Zaragoza , E-50018 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Adela Eguizabal
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon and Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Zaragoza , E-50018 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon and Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Zaragoza , E-50018 Zaragoza , Spain
- Networking Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine , E-50018 Zaragoza , Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza , Pedro Cerbuna 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
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31
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Pekkari A, Say Z, Susarrey-Arce A, Langhammer C, Härelind H, Sebastian V, Moth-Poulsen K. Continuous Microfluidic Synthesis of Pd Nanocubes and PdPt Core-Shell Nanoparticles and Their Catalysis of NO 2 Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36196-36204. [PMID: 31418548 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Faceted colloidal nanoparticles are currently of immense interest due to their unique electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. However, continuous flow synthesis that enables rapid formation of faceted nanoparticles of single or multi-elemental composition is not trivial. We present a continuous flow synthesis route for the synthesis of uniformly sized Pd nanocubes and PdPt core-shell nanoparticles in a single-phase microfluidic reactor, which enables rapid formation of shaped nanoparticles with a reaction time of 3 min. The PdPt core-shell nanoparticles feature a dendritic, high surface area with the Pt shell covering the Pd core, as verified using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The Pd nanocubes and PdPt core-shell particles are catalytically tested during NO2 reduction in the presence of H2 in a flow pocket reactor. The Pd nanocubes exhibited low-temperature activity (i.e., <136 °C) and poor selectivity performance toward production of N2O or N2, whereas PdPt core-shell nanoparticles showed higher activity and were found to achieve better selectivity during NO2 reduction retaining its basic structure at relatively elevated temperatures, making the PdPt core-shell particles a unique, desirable synergic catalyst material for potential use in NOx abatement processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pekkari
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Zafer Say
- Chemical Physics, Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Arturo Susarrey-Arce
- Chemical Physics, Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Chemical Physics, Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Hanna Härelind
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA) , University of Zaragoza , Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n , 50018 Zaragoza , Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine , CIBER-BBN , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
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32
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Sancho-Albero M, Rubio-Ruiz B, Pérez-López AM, Sebastián V, Martín-Duque P, Arruebo M, Santamaría J, Unciti-Broceta A. Cancer-derived exosomes loaded with ultrathin palladium nanosheets for targeted bioorthogonal catalysis. Nat Catal 2019; 2:864-872. [PMID: 31620674 PMCID: PMC6795537 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The transformational impact of bioorthogonal chemistries has inspired new strategies for the in vivo synthesis of bioactive agents through non-natural means. Among these, palladium (Pd) catalysts have played a prominent role in the growing subfield of bioorthogonal catalysis by producing xenobiotics and uncaging biomolecules in living systems. However, delivering catalysts selectively to specific cell types still lags behind catalyst development. Here we have developed a bio-artificial device consisting of cancer-derived exosomes loaded with Pd catalysts by a method that enables the controlled assembly of Pd nanosheets directly inside the vesicles. This hybrid system mediates Pd-triggered dealkylation reactions in vitro and inside cells and displays preferential tropism for their progenitor cells. The use of Trojan exosomes to deliver abiotic catalysts into designated cancer cells creates the opportunity for a new targeted therapy modality: exosome-directed catalyst prodrug therapy, whose first steps are presented herein with the cell-specific release of the anticancer drug panobinostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sancho-Albero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Rubio-Ruiz
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Ana M. Pérez-López
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Martín-Duque
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud//Fundación Araid//IIS Aragón. Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Aragón, Avda San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, c/Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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33
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Preparation of flaky dihydrate zinc oxalate particles by controlled chelating double-jet precipitation. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Luo G, Du L, Wang Y, Wang K. Manipulation and Control of Structure and Size of Inorganic Nanomaterials in Microchemical Systems. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangsheng Luo
- Tsinghua UniversityThe State Key Lab of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering 1 Tsinghua Yuan Street 100084 Beijing China
| | - Le Du
- Tsinghua UniversityThe State Key Lab of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering 1 Tsinghua Yuan Street 100084 Beijing China
- Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyThe State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology 3 Ring Rd East 100029 Beijing China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Tsinghua UniversityThe State Key Lab of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering 1 Tsinghua Yuan Street 100084 Beijing China
| | - Kai Wang
- Tsinghua UniversityThe State Key Lab of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Chemical Engineering 1 Tsinghua Yuan Street 100084 Beijing China
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35
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Asano S, Maki T, Sebastian V, Jensen KF, Mae K. Revealing the Formation Mechanism of Alloyed Pd-Ru Nanoparticles: A Conversion Measurement Approach Utilizing a Microflow Reactor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2236-2243. [PMID: 30642186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of alloyed nanoparticles has been studied extensively; however, the formation mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we reveal the detailed formation mechanism of alloyed nanoparticles in a Pd-Ru system, using a semibatch polyol method in which the simultaneous rapid reduction of both precursors was assumed to be the critical mechanism. We employed a microflow reactor to realize rapid heating and cooling. A significant difference in the reaction rate between the two precursors was observed. Pd was reduced within seconds, but the reduction of Ru was 2 orders of magnitude slower than that of Pd and was not as rapid as previously assumed. Further investigation of the semibatch method was performed to trace changes in the particle sizes and composition. Through quantitative and multilateral evidence, we concluded that the formation of low-crystallinity seeds, followed by solid-state diffusion, is the governing mechanism for the formation of alloyed Pd-Ru nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Asano
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Taisuke Maki
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering , Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza , Campus Rio Ebro , 50018 Zaragoza , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red , CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11 , 28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Kazuhiro Mae
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
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36
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Sreejith S, Kishor R, Abbas A, Thomas R, Yeo T, Ranjan VD, Vaidyanathan R, Seah YP, Xing B, Wang Z, Zeng L, Zheng Y, Lim CT. Nanomechanical Microfluidic Mixing and Rapid Labeling of Silica Nanoparticles using Allenamide-Thiol Covalent Linkage for Bioimaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4867-4875. [PMID: 30624893 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid surface functionalization of nanomaterials using covalent linkage following "green chemistry" remains challenging, and the quest for developing simple protocols is persisting. We report a nanomechanical microfluidic approach for the coupling of allenamide functionalized organic derivatives on the surface of thiol-modified silica nanoparticles using allenamide-thiol chemistry. The coupling principle involves the use of a microfluidic surface acoustic wave device that generates acoustic streaming-based chaotic fluid micromixing that enables mixing of laterally flowing fluids containing active components. This approach was used to demonstrate the direct surface labeling of thiol-modified silica nanoparticles using a selected group of modified fluorescent tags containing allenamide handles and achieved a total labeling efficiency of 83-90%. This green approach enabled a highly efficient surface functionalization under aqueous conditions, with tunable control over the conjugation process via the applied field. The dye-labeled silica particles were characterized using various analytical techniques and found to be biocompatible with potential in live cell bioimaging. It is envisaged that this bioconjugation strategy will find numerous applications in the field of bioimaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaramapanicker Sreejith
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research & Technology , National University of Singapore , 117599 Singapore
| | - Rahul Kishor
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Ata Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku 113033 , Japan
| | - Rijil Thomas
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Trifanny Yeo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117543 Singapore
| | | | | | - Yen Peng Seah
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology , 71 Nanyang Drive , 638075 Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology , 71 Nanyang Drive , 638075 Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- National Neuroscience Institute , 11 Jalan Tam Tock Seng , 308433 Singapore
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research & Technology , National University of Singapore , 117599 Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117543 Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute , National University of Singapore , 117411 Singapore
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37
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Suryawanshi PL, Gumfekar SP, Bhanvase BA, Sonawane SH, Pimplapure MS. A review on microreactors: Reactor fabrication, design, and cutting-edge applications. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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38
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Berti B, Femoni C, Iapalucci MC, Ruggieri S, Zacchini S. Functionalization, Modification, and Transformation of Platinum Chini Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Berti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Università di Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Cristina Femoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Università di Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Iapalucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Università di Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Silvia Ruggieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Università di Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”; Università di Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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Micro Droplet Formation towards Continuous Nanoparticles Synthesis. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9050248. [PMID: 30424181 PMCID: PMC6187485 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, micro droplets are generated in a microfluidic focusing contactor and then they move sequentially in a free-flowing mode (no wall contact). For this purpose, two different micro-flow glass devices (hydrophobic and hydrophilic) were used. During the study, the influence of the flow rate of the water phase and the oil phase on the droplet size and size distribution was investigated. Moreover, the influence of the oil phase viscosity on the droplet size was analyzed. It was found that the size and size distribution of the droplets can be controlled simply by the aqueous phase flow rate. Additionally, 2D simulations to determine the droplet size were performed and compared with the experiment.
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40
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Yao H, Wang Y, Jing Y, Luo G. Ultrafast, Continuous and Shape-Controlled Preparation of CeO2 Nanostructures: Nanorods and Nanocubes in a Microfluidic System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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41
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Laura U, Arruebo M, Sebastian V. Towards the continuous production of Pt-based heterogeneous catalysts using microfluidic systems. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1693-1702. [PMID: 29334396 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03360e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The continuous production of Pt-based heterogeneous catalysts based on ultra-small (<2 nm) noble metal nanoparticles deposited on mesoporous ordered silica and their catalytic activity in VOC abatement are here reported. Microfluidic reactors can be used not only to enable the fast and controlled production of ultra-small Pt nanoparticles (NPs), but also alloyed NPs including PtPd, PtRu and PtRh can be formed in short residence times (between 60 s and 5 min). A novel continuous and homogeneous loading of these catalytic NPs on SBA-15 used as a mesoporous support is also here reported. This procedure eases the NP loading and minimizes washing post-treatments. A 12-fold decrease in the synthesis time was obtained when using this microfluidic reactor compared to the traditional batch production of Pt NPs. Microflow and batch type reactors yielded a Pt precursor conversion to generate Pt NPs with a 90% and 85% yield, respectively. Under the same conditions, the productivity of the microfluidic system (27 mg Pt NPs per h) was twice the one achieved in the conventional batch type reactor. The catalytic performance of the supported catalysts separately prepared by microfluidics and by conventional impregnation under the same conditions and with the same noble metal loading was also compared in the n-hexane abatement as a model of VOCs. Both catalysts were active in the VOC oxidation reaction but a 95% reduction in the catalyst synthesis time was obtained when using the catalysts produced in the microfluidic platform. For this reaction a long-term activity test was successfully carried out at 175 °C during 30 h on stream using the heterogeneous catalyst prepared by using the flow reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uson Laura
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering & Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor edif. I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Kulkarni AA, Sebastian Cabeza V. Insights in the Diffusion Controlled Interfacial Flow Synthesis of Au Nanostructures in a Microfluidic System. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14315-14324. [PMID: 29156882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuous segmented flow interfacial synthesis of Au nanostructures is demonstrated in a microchannel reactor. This study brings new insights into the growth of nanostructures at continuous interfaces. The size as well as the shape of the nanostructures showed significant dependence on the reactant concentrations, reaction time, temperature, and surface tension, which actually controlled the interfacial mass transfer. The microchannel reactor assisted in achieving a high interfacial area, as well as uniformity in mass transfer effects. Hexagonal nanostructures were seen to be formed in synthesis times as short as 10 min. The wettability of the channel showed significant effect on the particle size as well as the actual shape. The hydrophobic channel yielded hexagonal structures of relatively smaller size than the hydrophilic microchannel, which yielded sharp hexagonal bipyramidal particles (diagonal distance of 30 nm). The evolution of particle size and shape for the case of hydrophilic microchannel is also shown as a function of the residence time. The interfacial synthesis approach based on a stable segmented flow promoted an excellent control on the reaction extent, reduction in axial dispersion as well as the particle size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol A Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Pune, 411008, India
| | - Victor Sebastian Cabeza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza , Campus Río Ebro-Edificio, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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43
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Pan LJ, Tu JW, Ma HT, Yang YJ, Tian ZQ, Pang DW, Zhang ZL. Controllable synthesis of nanocrystals in droplet reactors. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 18:41-56. [PMID: 29098217 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00800g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a broad range of nanocrystals have been synthesized in droplet-based microfluidic reactors which provide obvious advantages, such as accurate manipulation, better reproducibility and reliable automation. In this review, we initially introduce general concepts of droplet reactors followed by discussions of their main functional regions including droplet generation, mixing of reactants, reaction controlling, in situ monitoring, and reaction quenching. Subsequently, the enhanced mass and heat transport properties are discussed. Next, we focus on research frontiers including sequential multistep synthesis, intelligent synthesis, reliable scale-up synthesis, and interfacial synthesis. Finally, we end with an outlook on droplet reactors, especially highlighting some aspects such as large-scale production, the integrated process of synthesis and post-synthetic treatments, automated droplet reactors with in situ monitoring and optimizing algorithms, and rapidly developing strategies for interfacial synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
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Mozaffari S, Li W, Thompson C, Ivanov S, Seifert S, Lee B, Kovarik L, Karim AM. Colloidal nanoparticle size control: experimental and kinetic modeling investigation of the ligand-metal binding role in controlling the nucleation and growth kinetics. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13772-13785. [PMID: 28885633 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the major advancements in colloidal metal nanoparticles synthesis, a quantitative mechanistic treatment of the ligand's role in controlling their size remains elusive. We report a methodology that combines in situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and kinetic modeling to quantitatively capture the role of ligand-metal binding (with the metal precursor and the nanoparticle surface) in controlling the synthesis kinetics. We demonstrate that accurate extraction of the kinetic rate constants requires using both, the size and number of particles obtained from in situ SAXS to decouple the contributions of particle nucleation and growth to the total metal reduction. Using Pd acetate and trioctylphosphine in different solvents, our results reveal that the binding of ligands with both the metal precursor and nanoparticle surface play a key role in controlling the rates of nucleation and growth and consequently the final size. We show that the solvent can affect the metal-ligand binding and consequently ligand coverage on the nanoparticles surface which has a strong effect on the growth rate and final size (1.4 nm in toluene and 4.3 nm in pyridine). The proposed kinetic model quantitatively predicts the effects of varying the metal concentration and ligand/metal ratio on nanoparticle size for our work and literature reports. More importantly, we demonstrate that the final size is exclusively determined by the nucleation and growth kinetics at early times and not how they change with time. Specifically, the nanoparticle size in this work and many literature reports can be predicted using a single, model independent kinetic descriptor, (growth-to-nucleation rate ratio)1/3, despite the different metals and synthetic conditions. The proposed model and kinetic descriptor could serve as powerful tools for the design of colloidal nanoparticles with specific sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mozaffari
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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45
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Herrer L, Sebastian V, Martín S, González-Orive A, Pérez-Murano F, Low PJ, Serrano JL, Santamaría J, Cea P. High surface coverage of a self-assembled monolayer by in situ synthesis of palladium nanodeposits. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13281-13290. [PMID: 28858363 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nascent metal|monolayer|metal devices have been fabricated by depositing palladium, produced through a CO-confined growth method, onto a self-assembled monolayer of an amine-terminated oligo(phenylene ethynylene) derivative on a gold bottom electrode. The high surface area coverage (85%) of the organic monolayer by densely packed palladium particles was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical properties of these nascent Au|monolayer|Pd assemblies were determined from the I-V curves recorded with a conductive-AFM using the Peak Force Tunneling AFM (PF-TUNA™) mode. The I-V curves together with the electrochemical experiments performed rule out the formation of short-circuits due to palladium penetration through the monolayer, suggesting that the palladium deposition strategy is an effective method for the fabrication of molecular junctions without damaging the organic layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Herrer
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Networking Biomedical Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Orive
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francesc Pérez-Murano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - José Luis Serrano
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Networking Biomedical Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Wong WK, Yap SK, Lim YC, Khan SA, Pelletier F, Corbos EC. Robust, non-fouling liters-per-day flow synthesis of ultra-small catalytically active metal nanoparticles in a single-channel reactor. REACT CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Robust, non-fouling, litres-per-day continuous synthesis of catalytically active palladium nanoparticles using triphasic segmented flow in a hybrid milli-meso flow reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kuan Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117585
- Singapore
| | - Swee Kun Yap
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117585
- Singapore
| | - Yi Chen Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117585
- Singapore
| | - Saif A. Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117585
- Singapore
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47
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Sebastián V, Jensen KF. Nanoengineering a library of metallic nanostructures using a single microfluidic reactor. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:15288-95. [PMID: 27500728 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic synthesis in a microfabricated reactor enables fast and facile synthesis of a wide library of metallic nanostructures: monometallic, bimetallic, anisotropic growth and heterostructures. Specific nanostructures are realized by selection of flow pattern and synthesis parameters. The technique is shown to have advantages over conventional batch technologies. Not only does it allow faster scalable synthesis, but also realization of nanostructures hitherto not reported such as Pt-Ru, Pt-Ni and Pt-Co nanodendrites, Pt-Pd heterostructures, Ag-Pd core-shell NPs, Au-Pd nanodumbbells and Au-Pd nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Sebastián
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. and Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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48
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Abolhasani M, Jensen KF. Oscillatory multiphase flow strategy for chemistry and biology. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2775-2784. [PMID: 27397146 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00728g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuous multiphase flow strategies are commonly employed for high-throughput parameter screening of physical, chemical, and biological processes as well as continuous preparation of a wide range of fine chemicals and micro/nano particles with processing times up to 10 min. The inter-dependency of mixing and residence times, and their direct correlation with reactor length have limited the adaptation of multiphase flow strategies for studies of processes with relatively long processing times (0.5-24 h). In this frontier article, we describe an oscillatory multiphase flow strategy to decouple mixing and residence times and enable investigation of longer timescale experiments than typically feasible with conventional continuous multiphase flow approaches. We review current oscillatory multiphase flow technologies, provide an overview of the advancements of this relatively new strategy in chemistry and biology, and close with a perspective on future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Abolhasani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Klavs F Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 66-342, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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