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Ulker D, Neal TJ, Crawford A, Armes SP. Thermoresponsive Poly( N, N'-dimethylacrylamide)-Based Diblock Copolymer Worm Gels via RAFT Solution Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cell Biology Applications. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4285-4302. [PMID: 37616242 PMCID: PMC10498450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
RAFT solution polymerization is used to polymerize 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA). The resulting PHPMA precursor is then chain-extended using N,N'-dimethylacrylamide (DMAC) to produce a series of thermoresponsive PHPMA-PDMAC diblock copolymers. Such amphiphilic copolymers can be directly dispersed in ice-cold water and self-assembled at 20 °C to form spheres, worms, or vesicles depending on their copolymer composition. Construction of a pseudo-phase diagram is required to identify the pure worm phase, which corresponds to a rather narrow range of PDMAC DPs. Such worms form soft, free-standing gels in aqueous solution at around ambient temperature. Rheology studies confirm the thermoresponsive nature of such worms, which undergo a reversible worm-to-sphere on cooling below ambient temperature. This morphological transition leads to in situ degelation, and variable temperature 1H NMR studies indicate a higher degree of (partial) hydration for the weakly hydrophobic PHPMA chains at lower temperatures. The trithiocarbonate end-group located at the end of each PDMAC chain can be removed by treatment with excess hydrazine. The resulting terminal secondary thiol group can form disulfide bonds via coupling, which produces PHPMA-PDMAC-PHPMA triblock copolymer chains. Alternatively, this reactive thiol group can be used for conjugation reactions. A PHPMA141-PDMAC36 worm gel was used to store human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for up to three weeks at 37 °C. MSCs retrieved from this gel subsequently underwent proliferation and maintained their ability to differentiate into osteoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Ulker
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus TR-99138, Turkey
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Aileen Crawford
- School
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S10 2TA, UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
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2
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Shape-Shifting Thermoresponsive Block Copolymer Nano-Objects. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:906-920. [PMID: 36566636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we review our recent progress in the design of shape-shifting thermoresponsive diblock copolymer nano-objects, which are prepared using various hydroxyl-functional (meth)acrylic monomers (e.g. 2‑hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4‑hydroxybutyl acrylate or hydroxybutyl methacrylate) to generate the thermoresponsive block. Unlike traditional thermoresponsive polymers such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), there is no transition between soluble and insoluble polymer chains in aqueous solution. Instead, thermally driven transitions between a series of copolymer morphologies (e.g. spheres, worms, vesicles or lamellae) occur on adjusting the aqueous solution temperature owing to a subtle change in the partial degree of hydration of the permanently insoluble thermoresponsive block. Such remarkable self-assembly behavior is unprecedented in colloid science: no other amphiphilic diblock copolymer or surfactant system undergoes such behavior at a fixed chemical composition and concentration. Such shape-shifting nano-objects are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, rheology and variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. Potential applications for this fascinating new class of amphiphiles are briefly considered.
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3
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Ikkene D, Six JL, Ferji K. Progress in Aqueous Dispersion RAFT PISA. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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4
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Audureau N, Coumes F, Guigner JM, Guibert C, Stoffelbach F, Rieger J. Dual Thermo- and pH-Responsive N-Cyanomethylacrylamide-Based Nano-Objects Prepared by RAFT-Mediated Aqueous Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Audureau
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, UMR 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Polymer Chemistry Team, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Fanny Coumes
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, UMR 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Polymer Chemistry Team, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Michel Guigner
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, UMR 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC)-IRD-MNHN, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Clément Guibert
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - François Stoffelbach
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, UMR 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Polymer Chemistry Team, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, UMR 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Polymer Chemistry Team, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Xiang Z, Zhao X, Wang G, Qi C, Zhou S, Li J, Gao Y. Diblock copolymer worms stabilized pH-responsive Pickering emulsions: An efficient and recyclable platform for Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Chan DHH, Hunter SJ, Neal TJ, Lindsay C, Taylor P, Armes SP. Adsorption of sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles at the oil-water interface: effect of charged end-groups on interfacial rheology. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6757-6770. [PMID: 36040127 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of either methyl methacrylate (MMA) or benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) is conducted at 70 °C using poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) as a water-soluble precursor to produce sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles of approximately 30 nm diameter. Carboxylic acid- or morpholine-functional RAFT agents are employed to confer anionic or cationic functionality at the ends of the PGMA stabilizer chains, with a neutral RAFT agent being used as a control. Thus the electrophoretic footprint of such minimally-charged model nanoparticles can be adjusted simply by varying the solution pH. Giant (mm-sized) aqueous droplets containing such nanoparticles are then grown within a continuous phase of n-dodecane and a series of interfacial rheology measurements are conducted. The interfacial tension between the aqueous phase and n-dodecane is strongly dependent on the charge of the terminal group on the stabilizer chains. More specifically, neutral nanoparticles produce a significantly lower interfacial tension than either cationic or anionic nanoparticles. Moreover, adsorption of neutral nanoparticles at the n-dodecane-water interface produces higher interfacial elastic moduli than that observed for charged nanoparticles. This is because neutral nanoparticles can adsorb at much higher surface packing densities owing to the absence of electrostatic repulsive forces in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek H H Chan
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Saul J Hunter
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Thomas J Neal
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Christopher Lindsay
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - Philip Taylor
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - Steven P Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
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Neal TJ, Penfold NJW, Armes SP. Reverse Sequence Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207376. [PMID: 35678548 PMCID: PMC9541501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report a new aqueous polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) formulation that enables the hydrophobic block to be prepared first when targeting diblock copolymer nano‐objects. This counter‐intuitive reverse sequence approach uses an ionic reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent for the RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) to produce charge‐stabilized latex particles. Chain extension using a water‐soluble methacrylic, acrylic or acrylamide comonomer then produces sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles in an aqueous one‐pot formulation. In each case, the monomer diffuses into the PHPMA particles, which act as the locus for the polymerization. A remarkable change in morphology occurs as the ≈600 nm latex is converted into much smaller sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles, which exhibit thermoresponsive behavior. Such reverse sequence PISA formulations enable the efficient synthesis of new functional diblock copolymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Neal
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
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8
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Neal TJ, Penfold NJW, Armes SP. Reverse Sequence Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Neal
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
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9
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Wan J, Fan B, Thang SH. RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (RAFT-PISA): current status and future directions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4192-4224. [PMID: 35509470 PMCID: PMC9006902 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00762b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) combines polymerization and self-assembly in a single step with distinct efficiency that has set it apart from the conventional solution self-assembly processes. PISA holds great promise for large-scale production, not only because of its efficient process for producing nano/micro-particles with high solid content, but also thanks to the facile control over the particle size and morphology. Since its invention, many research groups around the world have developed new and creative approaches to broaden the scope of PISA initiations, morphologies and applications, etc. The growing interest in PISA is certainly reflected in the increasing number of publications over the past few years, and in this review, we aim to summarize these recent advances in the emerging aspects of RAFT-mediated PISA. These include (1) non-thermal initiation processes, such as photo-, enzyme-, redox- and ultrasound-initiation; the achievements of (2) high-order structures, (3) hybrid materials and (4) stimuli-responsive nano-objects by design and adopting new monomers and new processes; (5) the efforts in the realization of upscale production by utilization of high throughput technologies, and finally the (6) applications of current PISA nano-objects in different fields and (7) its future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Bo Fan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - San H Thang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
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10
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Cumming J, Deane OJ, Armes SP. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization of 4-Hydroxybutyl Acrylate Produces Highly Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Nano-Objects. Macromolecules 2022; 55:788-798. [PMID: 35431331 PMCID: PMC9007527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) using a poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) precursor is an important prototypical example of polymerization-induced self-assembly. 4-Hydroxybutyl acrylate (HBA) is a structural isomer of HPMA, but the former monomer exhibits appreciably higher aqueous solubility. For the two corresponding homopolymers, PHBA is more weakly hydrophobic than PHPMA. Moreover, PHBA has a significantly lower glass transition temperature (T g) so it exhibits much higher chain mobility than PHPMA at around ambient temperature. In view of these striking differences, we have examined the RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of HBA using a PGMA precursor with the aim of producing a series of PGMA57-300-PHBA100-1580 diblock copolymer nano-objects by systematic variation of the mean degree of polymerization of each block. A pseudo-phase diagram is constructed using transmission electron microscopy to assign the copolymer morphology after employing glutaraldehyde to cross-link the PHBA chains and hence prevent film formation during grid preparation. The thermoresponsive character of the as-synthesized linear nano-objects is explored using dynamic light scattering and temperature-dependent rheological measurements. Comparison with the analogous PGMA x -PHPMA y formulation is made where appropriate. In particular, we demonstrate that replacing the structure-directing PHPMA block with PHBA leads to significantly greater thermoresponsive behavior over a much wider range of diblock copolymer compositions. Given that PGMA-PHPMA worm gels can induce stasis in human stem cells (see Canton et al., ACS Central Science, 2016, 2, 65-74), our findings are likely to have implications for the design of next-generation PGMA-PHBA worm gels for cell biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana
M. Cumming
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Oliver J. Deane
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
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11
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Beattie DL, Deane OJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate: effect of end-group ionization on the formation and colloidal stability of sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01562a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)-poly(4-hydroxybutyl acrylate) nano-objects are prepared by aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) using an ionic RAFT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Beattie
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Oliver J. Deane
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
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12
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Penfold NJW, Neal TJ, Plait C, Leigh AE, Chimonides G, Smallridge MJ, Armes SP. Reverse sequence polymerization-induced self-assembly in aqueous media: a counter-intuitive approach to sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nano-objects. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A 500 nm charge-stabilized latex is converted into 40 nm sterically-stabilized nanoparticles via reverse sequence polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Corentin Plait
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Andrew E. Leigh
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Gwen Chimonides
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
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13
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Gao Y, Xiang Z, Zhao X, Wang G, Qi C. Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Diblock Copolymer Worms Prepared via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization: How Does the Stimulus Sensitivity Affect the Rate of Demulsification? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11695-11706. [PMID: 34579524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Responsive Pickering emulsions exhibit promising application in industry owing to the integration of the high storage stability with on-demand demulsification. In this study, stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions stabilized by poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate]15-b-poly(diacetone acrylamide)120 (E15D120) worms were indicated, in which E15D120 worms were prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer-based aqueous dispersion polymerization using thermo-sensitive POEGMA15 as both the stabilizer block and macro-chain transfer agent. The factors influencing the morphologies of copolymers during polymerization-induced self assembly have been investigated. A series of different morphological polymer nanoparticles including spheres, worms, and vesicles could be produced through rational synthesis. E15D120 worms demonstrated excellent emulsifying performances and could be used as emulsifiers to form n-dodecane-in-water Pickering emulsions at a low content. The formed n-dodecane-in-water Pickering emulsions revealed a slow demulsification at pH 10 or 70 °C or pH 10/70 °C combinations, and several hours were needed for the demulsification of Pickering emulsions. However, n-dodecane-in-water Pickering emulsions displayed a rapid demulsification (∼10 min) at an elevated temperature, such as 90 °C. The different demulsification rates were attributed to different sensitivities of E15D120 worms to external stimuli. Pickering emulsions integrating a rapid responsive demulsification with a slow one would be well satisfactory on different occasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
- College of Chemistry and Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Zhe Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials of College of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan Province 414006, China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan Province 414006, China
| | - Chenze Qi
- Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
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14
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One-pot synthesis of double and triple polybetaine block copolymers and their temperature-responsive solution behavior. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-021-04846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Zhang J, Farias‐Mancilla B, Kulai I, Hoeppener S, Lonetti B, Prévost S, Ulbrich J, Destarac M, Colombani O, Schubert US, Guerrero‐Sanchez C, Harrisson S. Effect of Hydrophilic Monomer Distribution on Self-Assembly of a pH-Responsive Copolymer: Spheres, Worms and Vesicles from a Single Copolymer Composition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4925-4930. [PMID: 32997426 PMCID: PMC7984367 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of copolymers containing 50 mol % acrylic acid (AA) and 50 mol % butyl acrylate (BA) but with differing composition profiles ranging from an AA-BA diblock copolymer to a linear gradient poly(AA-grad-BA) copolymer were synthesized and their pH-responsive self-assembly behavior was investigated. While assemblies of the AA-BA diblock copolymer were kinetically frozen, the gradient-like compositions underwent reversible changes in size and morphology in response to changes in pH. In particular, a diblock copolymer consisting of two random copolymer segments of equal length (16 mol % and 84 mol % AA content, respectively) formed spherical micelles at pH >5, a mix of spherical and wormlike micelles at pH 5 and vesicles at pH 4. These assemblies were characterized by dynamic light scattering, cryo-transmission electron microscopy and small angle neutron scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and TechnologySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710072P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University of JenaHumboldtstrasse 10 (IOMC) and Philosophenweg 7 (JCSM)07743JenaGermany
| | | | - Ihor Kulai
- IMRCP UMR5623Université de Toulouse118, route de Narbonne31062Toulouse Cedex 9France
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University of JenaHumboldtstrasse 10 (IOMC) and Philosophenweg 7 (JCSM)07743JenaGermany
| | - Barbara Lonetti
- IMRCP UMR5623Université de Toulouse118, route de Narbonne31062Toulouse Cedex 9France
| | | | - Jens Ulbrich
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University of JenaHumboldtstrasse 10 (IOMC) and Philosophenweg 7 (JCSM)07743JenaGermany
| | - Mathias Destarac
- IMRCP UMR5623Université de Toulouse118, route de Narbonne31062Toulouse Cedex 9France
| | - Olivier Colombani
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM)UMR 6283 CNRSLe Mans Université/ CNRSAvenue Olivier Messiaen72085Le Mans Cedex 9France
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University of JenaHumboldtstrasse 10 (IOMC) and Philosophenweg 7 (JCSM)07743JenaGermany
| | - Carlos Guerrero‐Sanchez
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University of JenaHumboldtstrasse 10 (IOMC) and Philosophenweg 7 (JCSM)07743JenaGermany
| | - Simon Harrisson
- LCPO UMR 5629Université Bordeaux/ CNRS/ Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie & de Physique16 Avenue Pey-Berland33607Pessac CedexFrance
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16
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Zhang J, Farias‐Mancilla B, Kulai I, Hoeppener S, Lonetti B, Prévost S, Ulbrich J, Destarac M, Colombani O, Schubert US, Guerrero‐Sanchez C, Harrisson S. Einfluss der Verteilung hydrophiler Monomere auf die Selbstassemblierung eines pH‐responsiven Copolymers: Kugeln, Würmer und Vesikel aus einer einzigen Copolymerkomposition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Humboldtstrasse 10 (IOMC) and Philosophenweg 7 (JCSM) 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Barbara Farias‐Mancilla
- IMRCP UMR5623 Université de Toulouse 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 Frankreich
| | - Ihor Kulai
- IMRCP UMR5623 Université de Toulouse 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 Frankreich
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Humboldtstrasse 10 (IOMC) and Philosophenweg 7 (JCSM) 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Barbara Lonetti
- IMRCP UMR5623 Université de Toulouse 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 Frankreich
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Institut Laue-Langevin 71 Avenue des Martyrs Grenoble Frankreich
| | - Jens Ulbrich
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Humboldtstrasse 10 (IOMC) and Philosophenweg 7 (JCSM) 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Mathias Destarac
- IMRCP UMR5623 Université de Toulouse 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 Frankreich
| | - Olivier Colombani
- IMMM UMR6283 Université du Maine – UFR Sciences et Techniques Avenue Olivier Messiaen 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 Frankreich
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Humboldtstrasse 10 (IOMC) and Philosophenweg 7 (JCSM) 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Carlos Guerrero‐Sanchez
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC) and Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM) Friedrich Schiller University of Jena Humboldtstrasse 10 (IOMC) and Philosophenweg 7 (JCSM) 07743 Jena Deutschland
| | - Simon Harrisson
- LCPO UMR 5629 Université Bordeaux/ CNRS/ Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie & de Physique 16 Avenue Pey-Berland 33607 Pessac Cedex Frankreich
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17
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György C, Derry MJ, Cornel EJ, Armes SP. Synthesis of Highly Transparent Diblock Copolymer Vesicles via RAFT Dispersion Polymerization of 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl Methacrylate in n-Alkanes. Macromolecules 2021; 54:1159-1169. [PMID: 33583957 PMCID: PMC7879428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RAFT dispersion polymerization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) is performed in n-dodecane at 90 °C using a relatively short poly(stearyl methacrylate) (PSMA) precursor and 2-cyano-2-propyl dithiobenzoate (CPDB). The growing insoluble poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) block results in the formation of PSMA-PTFEMA diblock copolymer nano-objects via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). GPC analysis indicated narrow molecular weight distributions (M w/M n ≤ 1.34) for all copolymers, with 19F NMR studies indicating high TFEMA conversions (≥95%) for all syntheses. A pseudo-phase diagram was constructed to enable reproducible targeting of pure spheres, worms, or vesicles by varying the target degree of polymerization of the PTFEMA block at 15-25% w/w solids. Nano-objects were characterized using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. Importantly, the near-identical refractive indices for PTFEMA (1.418) and n-dodecane (1.421) enable the first example of highly transparent vesicles to be prepared. The turbidity of such dispersions was examined between 20 and 90 °C. The highest transmittance (97% at 600 nm) was observed for PSMA9-PTFEMA294 vesicles (237 ± 24 nm diameter; prepared at 25% w/w solids) in n-dodecane at 20 °C. Interestingly, targeting the same diblock composition in n-hexadecane produced a vesicle dispersion with minimal turbidity at a synthesis temperature of 90 °C. This solvent enabled in situ visible absorption spectra to be recorded during the synthesis of PSMA16-PTFEMA86 spheres at 15% w/w solids, which allowed the relatively weak n→π* band at 515 nm assigned to the dithiobenzoate chain-ends to be monitored. Unfortunately, the premature loss of this RAFT chain-end occurred during the RAFT dispersion polymerization of TFEMA at 90 °C, so meaningful kinetic data could not be obtained. Furthermore, the dithiobenzoate chain-ends exhibited a λmax shift of 8 nm relative to that of the dithiobenzoate-capped PSMA9 precursor. This solvatochromatic effect suggests that the problem of thermally labile dithiobenzoate chain-ends cannot be addressed by performing the TFEMA polymerization at lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | | | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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18
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Sun N, Li Q, Jiang Q, Li A, Si W, Wang W. Dual responsive pickering emulsions based on ferric oxide nanoparticles and ferrocene derivates. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1637753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Aixiang Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Weimeng Si
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, P. R. China
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19
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Czajka A, Armes SP. In situ SAXS studies of a prototypical RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization formulation: monitoring the evolution in copolymer morphology during polymerization-induced self-assembly. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11443-11454. [PMID: 34094387 PMCID: PMC8162469 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03411h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is used to characterize the in situ formation of diblock copolymer spheres, worms and vesicles during reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate at 70 °C using a poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) steric stabilizer. 1H NMR spectroscopy indicates more than 99% HPMA conversion within 80 min, while transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering studies are consistent with the final morphology being pure vesicles. Analysis of time-resolved SAXS patterns for this prototypical polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) formulation enables the evolution in copolymer morphology, particle diameter, mean aggregation number, solvent volume fraction, surface density of copolymer chains and their mean inter-chain separation distance at the nanoparticle surface to be monitored. Furthermore, the change in vesicle diameter and membrane thickness during the final stages of polymerization supports an 'inward growth' mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Czajka
- Dainton Building Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Dainton Building Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
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20
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Smith GN, Canning SL, Derry MJ, Jones ER, Neal TJ, Smith AJ. Ionic and Nonspherical Polymer Nanoparticles in Nonpolar Solvents. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Canning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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21
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D'Agosto F, Rieger J, Lansalot M. RAFT‐vermittelte polymerisationsinduzierte Selbstorganisation (PISA). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne Frankreich
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Université and CNRS UMR 8232 Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Polymer Chemistry Team (ECP) 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris Frankreich
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne Frankreich
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22
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D'Agosto F, Rieger J, Lansalot M. RAFT‐Mediated Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8368-8392. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Université and CNRS UMR 8232 Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) Polymer Chemistry Team (ECP) 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
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23
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Hunter SJ, Penfold NJW, Chan DH, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. How Do Charged End-Groups on the Steric Stabilizer Block Influence the Formation and Long-Term Stability of Pickering Nanoemulsions Prepared Using Sterically Stabilized Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:769-780. [PMID: 31899941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) solution polymerization is used to prepare well-defined poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) chains bearing carboxylic acid, tertiary amine, or neutral end-groups. Each of these PGMA precursors was then chain-extended in turn via RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate to form spherical nanoparticles as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Dynamic light scattering studies indicated an intensity-average diameter of approximately 25 nm. Aqueous electrophoresis measurements confirmed that the amine-functional nanoparticles became cationic at low pH owing to end-group protonation. In contrast, carboxylic acid-functional nanoparticles became appreciably anionic at pH 10 owing to end-group ionization. Finally, nanoparticles bearing neutral end-groups exhibited zeta potentials close to zero over a range of solution pH. High-shear homogenization of n-dodecane in the presence of such sterically stabilized nanoparticles led to the formation of oil-in-water Pickering macroemulsions with volume-average diameters of 20-30 μm. High-pressure microfluidization was then used to prepare the three corresponding Pickering nanoemulsions. Each Pickering nanoemulsion was characterized by analytical centrifugation and TEM studies of the dried nanoemulsion droplets confirmed their original nanoparticle superstructure. The nanoparticle adsorption efficiency at the oil-water interface was assessed by gel permeation chromatography (using a UV detector) for each nanoparticle type at both pH 3 and 7. Nanoparticles with charged end-groups exhibited relatively low adsorption efficiency, whereas up to 90% of the neutral nanoparticles were adsorbed onto the oil droplets. This observation was supported by small-angle X-ray scattering experiments, which indicated that the packing efficiency of neutral nanoparticles around oil droplets was higher than that of nanoparticles bearing charged end-groups. Analytical centrifugation was used to evaluate the colloidal stability of the aged Pickering nanoemulsions. Pickering nanoemulsions stabilized with nanoparticles bearing charged end-groups proved to be significantly less stable than those prepared using neutral end-groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul J Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Nicholas J W Penfold
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Derek H Chan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , Yorkshire S3 7HF , U.K
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24
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György C, Hunter SJ, Girou C, Derry MJ, Armes SP. Synthesis of poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer nanoparticles via RAFT dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate in mineral oil. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00562b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RAFT dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate produces diblock copolymer spheres, worms or vesicles in mineral oil; the Pickering emulsifier performance of the spheres is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Saul J. Hunter
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Chloé Girou
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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25
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Romero-Azogil L, Penfold NJW, Armes SP. Tuning the hydroxyl functionality of block copolymer worm gels modulates their thermoresponsive behavior. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00834f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Partial replacement of a hydroxyl-functional steric stabilizer with a poly(ethylene glycol)-based stabilizer modulates the thermoresponsive behavior of block copolymer worm gels prepared via aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Romero-Azogil
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad de Sevilla
- 41012 Sevilla
- Spain
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry
- Dainton Building
- University of Sheffield
- Brook Hill
- Sheffield
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26
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Cao Y, Cao J, Zhang J, Zhang D, Li M, Xu Y, He K, Chen G, Yuan C, Dai L. The research on multi‐responsive azobenzene block copolymer and its self‐assembly behavior. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐Retardant Materials, College of MaterialsXiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Jie Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐Retardant Materials, College of MaterialsXiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Jiatian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐Retardant Materials, College of MaterialsXiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐Retardant Materials, College of MaterialsXiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Meng Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐Retardant Materials, College of MaterialsXiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yiting Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐Retardant Materials, College of MaterialsXiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Kaibin He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐Retardant Materials, College of MaterialsXiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Guorong Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐Retardant Materials, College of MaterialsXiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Conghui Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐Retardant Materials, College of MaterialsXiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Lizong Dai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire‐Retardant Materials, College of MaterialsXiamen University Xiamen China
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27
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Man SK, Wang X, Zheng JW, An ZS. Effect of Butyl α-Hydroxymethyl Acrylate Monomer Structure on the Morphology Produced via Aqueous Emulsion Polymerization-induced Self-assembly. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Penfold NJW, Yeow J, Boyer C, Armes SP. Emerging Trends in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1029-1054. [PMID: 35619484 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we summarize recent progress in polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) for the rational synthesis of block copolymer nanoparticles with various morphologies. Much of the PISA literature has been based on thermally initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Herein, we pay particular attention to alternative PISA protocols, which allow the preparation of nanoparticles with improved control over copolymer morphology and functionality. For example, initiation based on visible light, redox chemistry, or enzymes enables the incorporation of sensitive monomers and fragile biomolecules into block copolymer nanoparticles. Furthermore, PISA syntheses and postfunctionalization of the resulting nanoparticles (e.g., cross-linking) can be conducted sequentially without intermediate purification by using various external stimuli. Finally, PISA formulations have been optimized via high-throughput polymerization and recently evaluated within flow reactors for facile scale-up syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2051, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2051, Australia
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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29
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30
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Fielding LA, Hendley IV CT, Asenath-Smith E, Estroff LA, Armes SP. Rationally designed anionic diblock copolymer worm gels are useful model systems for calcite occlusion studies. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00889f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Binary mixtures of RAFT macromolecular chain transfer agents are utilized to rationally design anionic diblock copolymer nanoparticles via PISA. The role of carboxylate groups in directing calcite growth within copolymer worm gels is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee A. Fielding
- Department of Materials
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Coit T. Hendley IV
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Emily Asenath-Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
- Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL)
| | - Lara A. Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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31
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Flynn S, Dwyer AB, Chambon P, Rannard S. Expanding the monomer scope of linear and branched vinyl polymerisations via copper-catalysed reversible-deactivation radical polymerisation of hydrophobic methacrylates using anhydrous alcohol solvents. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00777f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of anhydrous alcohols for Cu-catalysed reversible-deactivation radical polymerisation of a wide range of hydrophobic methacrylates has been explored in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Flynn
- Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- UK
| | | | | | - Steve Rannard
- Materials Innovation Factory
- University of Liverpool
- UK
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32
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Gibson RR, Armes SP, Musa OM, Fernyhough A. End-group ionisation enables the use of poly(N-(2-methacryloyloxy)ethyl pyrrolidone) as an electrosteric stabiliser block for polymerisation-induced self-assembly in aqueous media. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
End-group ionisation enables use of PNMEP as a steric stabiliser in aqueous PISA: colloidal stability depends on solution pH, with flocculation occurring below pH 4.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. R. Gibson
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - S. P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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33
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Warren NJ, Derry MJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Lovett JR, Ratcliffe LPD, Ladmiral V, Blanazs A, Fielding LA, Armes SP. Critical Dependence of Molecular Weight on Thermoresponsive Behavior of Diblock Copolymer Worm Gels in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2018; 51:8357-8371. [PMID: 30449901 PMCID: PMC6236470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate was used to prepare three poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) x -poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) y (denoted G x -H y or PGMA-PHPMA) diblock copolymers, namely G37-H80, G54-H140, and G71-H200. A master phase diagram was used to select each copolymer composition to ensure that a pure worm phase was obtained in each case, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) studies. The latter technique indicated a mean worm cross-sectional diameter (or worm width) ranging from 11 to 20 nm as the mean degree of polymerization (DP) of the hydrophobic PHPMA block was increased from 80 to 200. These copolymer worms form soft hydrogels at 20 °C that undergo degelation on cooling. This thermoresponsive behavior was examined using variable temperature DLS, oscillatory rheology, and SAXS. A 10% w/w G37-H80 worm dispersion dissociated to afford an aqueous solution of molecularly dissolved copolymer chains at 2 °C; on returning to ambient temperature, these chains aggregated to form first spheres and then worms, with the original gel strength being recovered. In contrast, the G54-H140 and G71-H200 worms each only formed spheres on cooling to 2 °C, with thermoreversible (de)gelation being observed in the former case. The sphere-to-worm transition for G54-H140 was monitored by variable temperature SAXS: these experiments indicated the gradual formation of longer worms at higher temperature, with a concomitant reduction in the number of spheres, suggesting worm growth via multiple 1D sphere-sphere fusion events. DLS studies indicated that a 0.1% w/w aqueous dispersion of G71-H200 worms underwent an irreversible worm-to-sphere transition on cooling to 2 °C. Furthermore, irreversible degelation over the time scale of the experiment was also observed during rheological studies of a 10% w/w G71-H200 worm dispersion. Shear-induced polarized light imaging (SIPLI) studies revealed qualitatively different thermoreversible behavior for these three copolymer worm dispersions, although worm alignment was observed at a shear rate of 10 s-1 in each case. Subsequently conducting this technique at a lower shear rate of 1 s-1 combined with ultra small-angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) also indicated that worm branching occurred at a certain critical temperature since an upturn in viscosity, distortion in the birefringence, and a characteristic feature in the USAXS pattern were observed. Finally, SIPLI studies indicated that the characteristic relaxation times required for loss of worm alignment after cessation of shear depended markedly on the copolymer molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Warren
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | | | - Joseph R. Lovett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Liam P. D. Ratcliffe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Vincent Ladmiral
- Ingénierie
et Architectures Macromoléculaires, CNRS, UM, ENSCM, Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR 5253, Place Eugène Bataillon, Cedex 5 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Adam Blanazs
- BASF SE, GMV/P-B001, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- School
of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
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34
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Deane OJ, Lovett JR, Musa OM, Fernyhough A, Armes SP. Synthesis of Well-Defined Pyrrolidone-Based Homopolymers and Stimulus-Responsive Diblock Copolymers via RAFT Aqueous Solution Polymerization of 2-( N-Acryloyloxy)ethylpyrrolidone. Macromolecules 2018; 51:7756-7766. [PMID: 30333669 PMCID: PMC6180295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
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Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PNVP) is a well-known,
highly polar, nonionic water-soluble polymer. However, N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) usually exhibits strongly non-ideal behavior
when copolymerized with methacrylic or styrenic monomers. Moreover,
NVP is not particularly well-controlled under living radical polymerization
conditions. For these reasons, alternative pyrrolidone-based monomers
have been investigated. For example, the reversible addition–fragmentation
chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 2-(N-methacryloyloxy)ethylpyrrolidone
(NMEP) has been recently investigated using various polymerization
formulations. However, PNMEP homopolymers are significantly less hydrophilic
than PNVP and exhibit inverse temperature solubility in aqueous solution.
In the present work, we studied the RAFT aqueous solution polymerization
of 2-(N-acryloyloxy)ethylpyrrolidone (NAEP)
using either AIBN at 70 °C or a low-temperature redox initiator
at 30 °C. PNAEP homopolymers are obtained in high yield (>99%)
with good control (Mw/Mn < 1.20) for target degrees of polymerization (DP)
of up to 400 using the latter initiator, which produced relatively
fast rates of polymerization. However, targeting DPs above 400 led
to lower NAEP conversions and broader molecular weight distributions.
2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether
acrylate (OEGA) were chain-extended using a PNAEPx macro-CTA via RAFT aqueous solution polymerization, yielding
double-hydrophilic acrylic diblock copolymers with high conversions
(>99%) and good control (Mw/Mn < 1.31). In addition, a PNAEP95 macro-CTA
was chain-extended via RAFT aqueous solution polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) at 22 °C. Dynamic
light scattering (DLS) analysis indicated that heating above the lower
critical solution temperature of PNIPAM led to so-called “anomalous
micellization” at 35 °C and the formation of near-monodisperse
spherical micelles at 40 °C. Finally, 2-(diethylamino)ethyl
methacrylate (DEA) was polymerized using an N-morpholine-functionalized
trithiocarbonate-based RAFT chain transfer agent and subsequently
chain-extended using NAEP to form a novel pH-responsive diblock copolymer.
Above the pKa of PDEA (∼7.3), DLS
and 1H NMR studies indicated the formation of well-defined
PDEA-core spherical micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Deane
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - J R Lovett
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - O M Musa
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, 1005 US 202/206, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807, United States
| | - A Fernyhough
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Listers Mills, Heaton Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD9 4SH, U.K
| | - S P Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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35
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Wang X, Shen L, An Z. Dispersion polymerization in environmentally benign solvents via reversible deactivation radical polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Smith GN. Proton transfer in nonpolar solvents: an approach to generate electrolytes in aprotic media. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18919-18923. [PMID: 29974921 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02349b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stabilizing charged species in nonpolar solvents is challenging due to their low dielectric constant. As a contrast to formally ionic electrolytes, two series of acidic "potential" electrolytes have been developed in this study. These can be ionized by combining them stoichiometrically with a small molecule base in a typical nonpolar solvent, n-dodecane. The electrolytic conductivity of solutions of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid as mixtures with linear and branched dioctylamines and trioctylamines was measured, and the solutions were found to become increasingly conductive as the concentration increased, demonstrating that proton transfer occurred between the two species. Linear octylamines were found to be most effective at deprotonation. An acid-tipped poly(lauryl methacrylate) polymer (PLMA48-COOH) was also studied to give a polymer soluble in n-dodecane with a single ionizable group located precisely at the end of the polymer chain. Trioctylamine could successfully deprotonate this acid group. Even in an aprotic solvent, the transfer of protons between acidic and basic moieties is a useful method for controlling the properties of dissolved molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
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37
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György C, Lovett JR, Penfold NJW, Armes SP. Epoxy-Functional Sterically Stabilized Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles via RAFT Aqueous Emulsion Polymerization: Comparison of Two Synthetic Strategies. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800289. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Dainton Building; Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Joseph R. Lovett
- Dainton Building; Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Dainton Building; Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building; Department of Chemistry; University of Sheffield; Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
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38
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Zhang B, Lv X, Zhu A, Zheng J, Yang Y, An Z. Morphological Stabilization of Block Copolymer Worms Using Asymmetric Cross-Linkers during Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Zhang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lv
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Anqi Zhu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinwen Zheng
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yongqi Yang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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39
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Mable CJ, Fielding LA, Derry MJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Chambon P, Armes SP. Synthesis and pH-responsive dissociation of framboidal ABC triblock copolymer vesicles in aqueous solution. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1454-1463. [PMID: 29675191 PMCID: PMC5885938 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04788f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of pH-responsive all-methacrylic ABC triblock copolymer vesicles were prepared from precursor diblock copolymer vesicles via RAFT seeded emulsion polymerisation. Microphase separation between the two hydrophobic membrane-forming B and C blocks produced a distinctive framboidal morphology, for which the mean globule size can be tuned by adjusting the triblock copolymer composition. These vesicles remain intact at neutral pH, but undergo irreversible dissociation on addition of acid as a result of protonation of the tertiary amine groups located within the third block. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was utilised to characterise the morphologies formed at pH 8 and pH 3. According to time-resolved SAXS studies, the acid-induced dissociation of these pH-responsive framboidal vesicles involves appreciable membrane swelling within 50 ms and is complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Mable
- Department of Chemistry , Uni. of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)114 222 9342
| | - L A Fielding
- School of Materials , Uni. of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - M J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , Uni. of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)114 222 9342
| | - O O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry , Uni. of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)114 222 9342
| | - P Chambon
- Department of Chemistry , Uni. of Liverpool , Crown Street , Liverpool , L69 7ZD , UK
| | - S P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , Uni. of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)114 222 9342
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40
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Biais P, Beaunier P, Stoffelbach F, Rieger J. Loop-stabilized BAB triblock copolymer morphologies by PISA in water. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00914g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Assemblies of BAB triblock copolymers are prepared by PISA via aqueous RAFT dispersion polymerization. The importance of charges in the middle of the hydrophilic stabilizer loops is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Biais
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR 8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM)
- 75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Patricia Beaunier
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR 7197
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS)
- 75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - François Stoffelbach
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR 8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM)
- 75252 Paris Cedex 05
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR 8232
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM)
- 75252 Paris Cedex 05
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41
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Penfold NJW, Parnell AJ, Molina M, Verstraete P, Smets J, Armes SP. Layer-By-Layer Self-Assembly of Polyelectrolytic Block Copolymer Worms on a Planar Substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14425-14436. [PMID: 29148796 PMCID: PMC5789390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cationic and anionic block copolymer worms are prepared by polymerization-induced self-assembly via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion copolymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (GlyMA), using a binary mixture of a nonionic poly(ethylene oxide) macromolecular RAFT agent and either a cationic poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) or an anionic poly(potassium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) macromolecular RAFT agent. In each case, covalent stabilization of the worm cores was achieved via reaction of the epoxide groups on the GlyMA repeat units with 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane. Aqueous electrophoresis studies indicated a pH-independent mean zeta potential of +40 mV and -39 mV for the cationic and anionic copolymer worms, respectively. These worms are expected to mimic the rigid rod behavior of water-soluble polyelectrolyte chains in the absence of added salt. The kinetics of adsorption of the cationic worms onto a planar anionic silicon wafer was examined at pH 5 and was found to be extremely fast at 1.0 w/w % copolymer concentration in the absence of added salt. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that a relatively constant worm surface coverage of 16% was achieved at 20 °C for adsorption times ranging from just 2 s up to 2 min. Furthermore, the successive layer-by-layer deposition of cationic and anionic copolymer worms onto planar surfaces was investigated using SEM, ellipsometry, and surface zeta potential measurements. These techniques confirmed that the deposition of oppositely charged worms resulted in a monotonic increase in the mean layer thickness, with a concomitant surface charge reversal occurring on addition of each new worm layer. Unexpectedly, two distinct linear regimes were observed when plotting the mean layer thickness against the total number of adsorbed worm layers, with a steeper gradient (corresponding to thicker layers) being observed after the deposition of six worm layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
Dainton Building, Brook
Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. Parnell
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, The University
of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Marta Molina
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
Dainton Building, Brook
Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | | | - Johan Smets
- Procter
& Gamble, Temselaan
100, 1853 Strombeek
Bever, Belgium
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield,
Dainton Building, Brook
Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
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42
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Ratcliffe LPD, Bentley KJ, Wehr R, Warren NJ, Saunders BR, Armes SP. Cationic disulfide-functionalized worm gels. Polym Chem 2017; 8:5962-5971. [PMID: 29308095 PMCID: PMC5735358 DOI: 10.1039/c7py01306j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has facilitated the rational synthesis of a range of diblock copolymer worms, which hitherto could only be prepared via traditional post-polymerization processing in dilute solution. Herein we explore a new synthetic route to aqueous dispersions of cationic disulfide-functionalized worm gels. This is achieved via the PISA synthesis of poly[(glycerol monomethacrylate-stat-glycidyl methacrylate)]-block-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) (P(GMA-stat-GlyMA)-PHPMA) block copolymer worms via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of HPMA. A water-soluble reagent, cystamine, is then reacted with the pendent epoxy groups located within the P(GMA-stat-GlyMA) stabilizer chains to introduce disulfide functionality, while simultaneously conferring cationic character via formation of secondary amine groups. Moreover, systematic variation of the cystamine/epoxy molar ratio enables either chemically cross-linked worm gels or physical (linear) primary amine-functionalized disulfide-based worm gels to be obtained. These new worm gels were characterized using gel permeation chromatography, 1H NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, aqueous electrophoresis and rheology. In principle, such hydrogels may offer enhanced mucoadhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P D Ratcliffe
- Dainton Building , Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
| | - K J Bentley
- Dainton Building , Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
| | - R Wehr
- Dainton Building , Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
| | - N J Warren
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - B R Saunders
- School of Materials , The University of Manchester , MSS Tower , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - S P Armes
- Dainton Building , Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
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43
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Canning S, Neal TJ, Armes SP. pH-Responsive Schizophrenic Diblock Copolymers Prepared by Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2017; 50:6108-6116. [PMID: 28867829 PMCID: PMC5577634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is used for the highly convenient and efficient preparation of ampholytic diblock copolymer nanoparticles directly in acidic aqueous solution. Cationic nanoparticles comprising a protonated polyamine stabilizer block and a hydrophobic polyacid core-forming block are formed at pH 2. Micelle inversion occurs at pH 10 to produce anionic nanoparticles with an ionized polyacid stabilizer block and a hydrophobic polyamine core-forming block. Macroscopic precipitation occurs at around pH 6-7, which lies close to the isoelectric point of this ampholytic diblock copolymer. Incorporation of fluorescein and rhodamine dye labels into the acid and amine blocks, respectively, leads to dual-color bifluorescent self-reporting pH-responsive nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah
L. Canning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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44
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Yeow J, Boyer C. Photoinitiated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (Photo-PISA): New Insights and Opportunities. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1700137. [PMID: 28725534 PMCID: PMC5514979 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) process is a useful synthetic tool for the efficient synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles of different morphologies. Recently, studies on visible light initiated PISA processes have offered a number of key research opportunities that are not readily accessible using traditional thermally initiated systems. For example, visible light mediated PISA (Photo-PISA) enables a high degree of control over the dispersion polymerization process by manipulation of the wavelength and intensity of incident light. In some cases, the final nanoparticle morphology of a single formulation can be modulated by simple manipulation of these externally controlled parameters. In addition, temporal (and in principle spatial) control over the Photo-PISA process can be achieved in most cases. Exploitation of the mild room temperature polymerizations conditions can enable the encapsulation of thermally sensitive therapeutics to occur without compromising the polymerization rate and their activities. Finally, the Photo-PISA process can enable further mechanistic insights into the morphological evolution of nanoparticle formation such as the effects of temperature on the self-assembly process. The purpose of this mini-review is therefore to examine some of these recent advances that have been made in Photo-PISA processes, particularly in light of the specific advantages that may exist in comparison with conventional thermally initiated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Yeow
- School of Chemical EngineeringCentre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN)UNSW SydneySydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical EngineeringCentre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN)UNSW SydneySydneyNSW2052Australia
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45
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Zhang WJ, Hong CY, Pan CY. Efficient Fabrication of Photosensitive Polymeric Nano-objects via an Ingenious Formulation of RAFT Dispersion Polymerization and Their Application for Drug Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1210-1217. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chun-Yan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Cai-Yuan Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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46
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Figg CA, Carmean RN, Bentz KC, Mukherjee S, Savin DA, Sumerlin BS. Tuning Hydrophobicity To Program Block Copolymer Assemblies from the Inside Out. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Adrian Figg
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - R. Nicholas Carmean
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Kyle C. Bentz
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Soma Mukherjee
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Daniel A. Savin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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47
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Qiao XG, Dugas PY, Charleux B, Lansalot M, Bourgeat-Lami E. Nitroxide-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers with a pH/temperature dual sensitive stabilizer block. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00595d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Comb-like P(PEOMA300-co-MAA-co-S)-SG1 macroalkoxyamine terpolymer initiators with dual pH/temperature responsive behavior were synthesized by nitroxide-mediated polymerization and used to control the emulsion polymerization of BMA with a small proportion of styrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. G. Qiao
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CPE Lyon
- CNRS
- UMR 5265
| | - P.-Y. Dugas
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CPE Lyon
- CNRS
- UMR 5265
| | - B. Charleux
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CPE Lyon
- CNRS
- UMR 5265
| | - M. Lansalot
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CPE Lyon
- CNRS
- UMR 5265
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48
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Penfold NJW, Lovett JR, Verstraete P, Smets J, Armes SP. Stimulus-responsive non-ionic diblock copolymers: protonation of a tertiary amine end-group induces vesicle-to-worm or vesicle-to-sphere transitions. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01076h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Morpholine-functionalised poly(glycerol monomethacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer vesicles are transformed into worms or spheres on lowering the solution pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Johan Smets
- Procter & Gamble
- Eurocor NV/SA
- 1853 Strombeek-Bever
- Belgium
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49
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Penfold NJW, Ning Y, Verstraete P, Smets J, Armes SP. Cross-linked cationic diblock copolymer worms are superflocculants for micrometer-sized silica particles. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6894-6904. [PMID: 28567260 PMCID: PMC5450592 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc03732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of linear cationic diblock copolymer nanoparticles are prepared by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) using a binary mixture of non-ionic and cationic macromolecular RAFT agents, namely poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO113, Mn = 4400 g mol-1; Mw/Mn = 1.08) and poly([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) (PQDMA125, Mn = 31 800 g mol-1, Mw/Mn = 1.19). A detailed phase diagram was constructed to determine the maximum amount of PQDMA125 stabilizer block that could be incorporated while still allowing access to a pure worm copolymer morphology. Aqueous electrophoresis studies indicated that zeta potentials of +35 mV could be achieved for such cationic worms over a wide pH range. Core cross-linked worms were prepared via statistical copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GlyMA) with HPMA using a slightly modified PISA formulation, followed by reacting the epoxy groups of the GlyMA residues located within the worm cores with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), and concomitant hydrolysis/condensation of the pendent silanol groups with the secondary alcohol on the HPMA residues. TEM and DLS studies confirmed that such core cross-linked cationic worms remained colloidally stable when challenged with either excess methanol or a cationic surfactant. These cross-linked cationic worms are shown to be much more effective bridging flocculants for 1.0 μm silica particles at pH 9 than the corresponding linear cationic worms (and also various commercial high molecular weight water-soluble polymers.). Laser diffraction studies indicated silica aggregates of around 25-28 μm diameter when using the former worms but only 3-5 μm diameter when employing the latter worms. Moreover, SEM studies confirmed that the cross-linked worms remained intact after their adsorption onto the silica particles, whereas the much more delicate linear worms underwent fragmentation under the same conditions. Similar results were obtained with 4 μm silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J W Penfold
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
| | - Yin Ning
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
| | - Pierre Verstraete
- Procter & Gamble, Eurocor NV/SA , Temselaan 100 , 1853 Strombeek-Bever , Belgium
| | - Johan Smets
- Procter & Gamble, Eurocor NV/SA , Temselaan 100 , 1853 Strombeek-Bever , Belgium
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
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50
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Pei Y, Lowe AB, Roth PJ. Stimulus-Responsive Nanoparticles and Associated (Reversible) Polymorphism via Polymerization Induced Self-assembly (PISA). Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Pei
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- Nanochemistry Research Institute and Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; Bentley Perth 6102 WA Australia
| | - Peter J. Roth
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom
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