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Hamad AA, Saleh SF, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Hamd MAE. Facile Integration of Hanztsch's Switch-Off/On Modeled Fluorogenic Probe for Feasible Tagging and Tracking of the Midodrine Drug in Different Matrices; First Evaluation of the Method's Greenness, Whiteness, Blueness, Quantum Yield, and Tablets' Content Homogeneity. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03839-x. [PMID: 39102112 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The proposed investigation follows a certain methodology to guarantee that the procedure employed is sustainable and green. It is noteworthy to mention that various tools have been implemented as potential indicators of environmental sustainability (greenness and whiteness). From a novelty viewpoint, a new tool, BAGI, for the method's blueness evaluation was applied to the planned method and showed a high applicability score. Fortunately, the WAC concept, which combines ecological and functional variables using the Green/Red/Blue design (RBG 12 tool), identifies the established analytical approach as white. In the planned study, a new, green, simple, nano-trace-sensitive, original fluorimetric methodology was established to analyze and assess midodrine hydrochloride content in different matrices. Midodrine's primary amine moiety reacts with Diacetylmethane/Oxymethylene reagent in an acetate buffer, which leads to generating a fluorescent dihydrolutidine derivative (Hantzsch-named reaction). Consequently, the signal strength of this compound was quantified at 487 nm, with an excitation wavelength of 426 nm. This analysis indicated that the technique exhibited linearity within the range of 0.05 to 1.1 µg mL-1 concentrations, accompanied by remarkably good sensitivity values (LOD and LOQ). The methodology employed in this examination was subjected to validation following the rules recognized by ICH. From the perspective of pharmacy and chemistry, the method presented in this study was successfully employed to analyze commercially available tablets, oral drops, and human fluids. The outcomes obtained demonstrated satisfactory recovery rates without any interference from excipients. Following the USP recommendations, the intended technique was finally implemented to explore the content homogeneity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdulhafez Hamad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Safaa F Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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de Araújo ALS, Cavalcante CO, Lavorante AF, Silva WE, Belian MF. Fluorimetric determination of aqueous formaldehyde employing heating and ultrasound-assisted approach through its derivatization with a ß-diketone-nickel(2+) complex immobilized in a PMMA flow cell. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 310:123792. [PMID: 38244431 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a highly toxic substance present in many matrices, including freshwater as well as found in natural mechanisms such as rainfall and combustion of organic matter. Consumption of water contaminated with high levels of FA can cause severe short-term or long-term health problems. Due to these health risks, procedures are necessary to determine and quantify FA in aqua sources This paper reports on a study of fluorimetric determination of FA using a nickel(2 + )-diketonate coordination compound immobilized as a solid precursor. The compound was characterized by electronic absorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), optical microscopy (OM), and scanner electron microscopy (SEM). The methodology was based on the reaction of the synthesized compound with an ammoniacal buffer generating a selective reagent for formaldehyde: fluoral-P. The product of the reaction generates 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydrolutidine (DDL), which is responsible for the fluorescence of the system. Several parameters such as temperature, duration of heating time, and dilution effect with the best effects were studied to carry out FA determination. Under the optimum experimental conditions, a linear response ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 mg/L FA (R = 0.997 and n = 10), and a detection (3σ criterion) and quantification (10 σ criterion) limit estimated at 0.129 and 0.389 mg/L, respectively were achieved. The FA analysis was able to be conducted in 05 min with a relative standard deviation estimated at 1.10 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur L S de Araújo
- Department of Chemistry Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, S/N°, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Caroliny O Cavalcante
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, S/N, 50740-560, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André F Lavorante
- Department of Chemistry Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, S/N°, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Wagner E Silva
- Department of Chemistry Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, S/N°, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Belian
- Department of Chemistry Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, UFRPE, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, S/N°, 52171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Derayea SM, Abdelgaleel M, Nagi DM, Oraby M, Khashaba PY. Utility of dansyl chloride for the establishment of a sensitive spectrofluorimetric approach for estimating midodrine hydrochloride: application to content uniformity testing. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33453-33458. [PMID: 38025857 PMCID: PMC10644863 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06268f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new, straightforward spectrofluorimetric approach with high sensitivity was established for determining midodrine hydrochloride based on derivatizing this drug through its reaction with 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl chloride). The highly fluorescent product was extracted with methylene chloride, and then its emission was measured at 532 nm after excitation at 339 nm. The reaction was conducted in aqueous medium containing 0.1 M borate buffer (pH 8.2). The results showed that the proposed method is sensitive with high linearity in the range from 0.1 to 3 μg mL-1. The lower limits of detection and quantitation were 29 and 88 ng mL-1, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed approach was analytically assessed by applying the ICH guidelines. The suggested approach was effectively utilized for the estimation of the medicine in its marketable tablet formulations with excellent recovery and without any interfering effect from excipients. Moreover, the presented approach was utilized to test the content uniformity of commercial tablets following the USP guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M Derayea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelgaleel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University New Mina City Minia Egypt
| | - Dalia M Nagi
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Minia Egypt
| | - Mohamed Oraby
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University Sohag Egypt
| | - Pakinaz Y Khashaba
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University New Assiut City Assiut Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut Egypt
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Binkadem MS, AlSalem HS, Al-Goul ST, Alsaggaf WT, El Hamd MA, Abdel-Lateef MA. Development of Sٍٍensitive Spectrofluorimetric Methods for Determining Netilmicin Based on Selective Condensation Reactions of its Amine Moiety with each Acetylacetone/Formaldehyde and Ninhydrin/Phenylacetaldehyde Reagents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122839. [PMID: 37201330 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Netilmicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat infections caused by a broad spectrum of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and is pharmaceutically formulated in ophthalmic dosage forms. In this study, two spectrofluorimetric approaches were designed and developed to switch-on the fluorescence activity of NTC. The first method, or Hantzsch (HNZ) method, was relied on measuring the generated fluorescence intensity upon the condensation of NTC with acetylacetone and formaldehyde (Hantzsch reaction) at λemis=483 nm/λexcit=425.5 nm. While the second fluorometric method (NHD method) was relied on measuring the generated fluorescence intensity upon the condensation of NTC with ninhydrin/phenylacetaldehyde at λemis=482.2 nm/λexcit=385.8 nm. The reaction conditions for the two approaches were well investigated and optimized. The selectivity study for the methods was investigated by determining NTC in the presence of the co-formulated drug (dexamethasone) and pharmaceutical excipients. The validation for two approaches was performed based on ICH guidelines, and ranges of linearity were 0.1-1.2 and 1.5-6.0 µg/mL, while LOD values were 0.039 and 0.207 µg/mL for the HNZ method and the NHD method, respectively. Finally, NTC has been determined in different ophthalmic preparations by the proposed approaches with adequate recovery values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saad Binkadem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 80327, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Salem AlSalem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Talal Al-Goul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan T Alsaggaf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 42906, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Abdel-Lateef
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
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Abdulhafez Hamad A, Mohammed BS, Hassan YF, Batubara AS, Haredy AM. Facile decoration of one-pot fluorescence probe-patterned reaction for sensing and ultrasensitive determination of tradjenta, a new type 2 diabetes oral therapy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 298:122808. [PMID: 37163899 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes can be cured by using tradjenta (also known as Linagliptin), a new therapeutic drug that is an inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme. Tradjenta is administered orally alone or in combination with metiguanide or empagliflozin. An easy and specific fluorimetric analysis of Tradjenta was developed and demonstrated in the present investigation. The Hantzsch reaction method, which generates a fluorescent dihydropyridine derivative, is the basis of this assay. In a Toerell-Stenhagen buffered solution, the unsubstituted amine group of Tradjenta interacted with 2,4-Pentadione/Oxomethane. Spectrofluorimetry was utilized for this investigation at an excitation/emission wavelength of 421/480 nm. When comparing the Tradjenta concentration to the tracked fluorimetric signal, the method revealed linearity over the concentration range of 0.05 to 1.2 µg/mL. By strictly altering system parameters and analyzing the validation factors following International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) requirements, the outcomes were achieved. Finally, the proposed approach was successfully applied to assay the drug not only in its raw form and prescribed formulations but also to evaluate the tablet's uniformity of content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdulhafez Hamad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Bassam S Mohammed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Yasser F Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Afnan S Batubara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Haredy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University, New Sohag, Egypt
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6
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Nagi DM, Abdelgaleel M, Derayea SM, Khashaba PY. Studying the kinetic of midodrine degradations using TLC Stability approach: Application to dosage form and human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 229:115322. [PMID: 37001276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and selective thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for estimation of the antihypotension drug, midodrine hydrochloride, in pure form, tablet, spiked plasma and artificially degraded samples. Separation was carried out using silica gel 60-F254 as a stationary and mobile phase consisting of methanol: methylene chloride: ammonia in ratio of 8:2:0.2. The detection was carried out at wavelength of 290 nm. The retardation factor was found to be 0.7 and 0.49 for midodrine and its main degradation product desglymidodrine. The method showed linearity for midodrine over a concentration range of 50-1500 ng/spot with good correlation and determination coefficient. The method was applied successfully for analysis of commercial tablets and oral drops with good recovery and without interference of excipients. The method also was applied for studying the stability of the cited drug under different stress conditions including acidic, alkaline, hydrolytic, oxidative and photo- degradations. Furthermore, the kinetic of acidic and alkaline degradations was investigated and the rate constants were found to be 0.620 and 0.074 K h-1 while half life time (t1/2) values were 1.12 and 9.32 h, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M Nagi
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelgaleel
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Deraya University, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mina City, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Sayed M Derayea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Pakinaz Y Khashaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sphinx university, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Assiut City, Assiut, Egypt
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7
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Khashaba PY, Abdelgaleel M, Derayea SM, Nagy DM. Development of a simple validated spectrofluorometric method for the assay of midodrine in tablets dosage form; Application to content uniformity testing. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 273:121046. [PMID: 35240554 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new sensitive spectrofluorimetric technique has been established for the estimation of midodrine hydrochloride. This method depends on the condensation reaction of ortho-phthalaldehyde with the primary aliphatic amine of midodrine in the presence of 2-mercapto-ethanol. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 9.0 using 0.1 M borate buffer. The fluorescence of the product was measured at wavelength of 451 nm after excitation at 334 nm. The method was rectilinear over a concentrations range of 0.1 to 1.5 µg mL-1. The lower detection and quantitation limits were 31 and 94 ng mL-1, respectively. The method was investigated following the guidelines of the International Council of Harmonization. Analysis of commercial tablet dosage form was carried out successfully by the current method with excellent recovery percentages and with no influence from coexisted pharmaceutical additives .This method was used to evaluate the uniformity of the contents of commercial tablets according to the United States Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakinaz Y Khashaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Assiut University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sphinx University, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Assiut City, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Abdelgaleel
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Deraya University, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mina City, Minia, Egypt
| | - Sayed M Derayea
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Nagy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Al-Saad K, Issa AA, Idoudi S, Shomar B, Al-Ghouti MA, Al-Hashimi N, El-Azazy M. Smart Synthesis of Trimethyl Ethoxysilane (TMS) Functionalized Core-Shell Magnetic Nanosorbents Fe 3O 4@SiO 2: Process Optimization and Application for Extraction of Pesticides. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204827. [PMID: 33092200 PMCID: PMC7587953 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, a smart approach for synthesizing trimethyl ethoxysilane–decorated magnetic-core silica-nanoparticles (TMS-mcSNPs) and its effectiveness as nanosorbents have been exploited. While the magnetite core was synthesized using the modified Mössbauer method, Stöber method was employed to coat the magnetic particles. The objective of this work is to maximize the magnetic properties and to minimize both particle size (PS) and particle size distribution (PSD). Using a full factorial design (2k-FFD), the influences of four factors on the coating process was assessed by optimizing the three responses (magnetic properties, PS, and PSD). These four factors were: (1) concentration of tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS); (2) concentration of ammonia; (3) dose of magnetite (Fe3O4); and (4) addition mode. Magnetic properties were calculated as the attraction weight. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine PS, and standard deviation (±SD) was calculated to determine the PSD. Composite desirability function (D) was used to consolidate the multiple responses into a single performance characteristic. Pareto chart of standardized effects together with analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95.0 confidence interval (CI) were used to determine statistically significant variable(s). Trimethyl ethoxysilane–functionalized mcSNPs were further applied as nanosorbents for magnetic solid phase extraction (TMS-MSPE) of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (K.A.-S.); (A.A.I.); (S.I.); (N.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed A. Issa
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (K.A.-S.); (A.A.I.); (S.I.); (N.A.-H.)
| | - Sourour Idoudi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (K.A.-S.); (A.A.I.); (S.I.); (N.A.-H.)
| | - Basem Shomar
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Nessreen Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (K.A.-S.); (A.A.I.); (S.I.); (N.A.-H.)
| | - Marwa El-Azazy
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (K.A.-S.); (A.A.I.); (S.I.); (N.A.-H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-44034675
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Abstract
Background: Toxic heavy metals, such as lead, are widely used in industry and may cause serious health problems and ecological hazards for living organisms. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the removal efficiency of lead by Lactobacillus strains using a methodological approach. Methods: After selecting the bacteria with the maximum metals removal ability, experiments were conducted according to (i) the Plackett-Burman design (Minitab18 program) to screen several significant process factors and (ii) Central Composite Design (Design-Expert 11.1.2.0 program) to find out the optimum process conditions for the maximum capacity of metal removal efficiency. Results: The optimum pH, metal, and bacterial concentration were 6.76, 391 mg.L-1, and 4.60 g.L-1 for lead removal ability of L. acidophilus ATCC4356. A quadratic model was developed to correlate the variables with removal efficiency. According to the results, this model was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The experimental removal efficiencies at the optimum condition for lead by L. acidophilus ATCC4356 (73.9%) were consistent with the predicted values. Consequently, due to their appreciate efficiency and the lower cost of the lead removal ability, these two bacteria may be a candidate as good biosorbents. The results also confirmed that the Response Surface Methodology is an appropriate methodology for modeling of removal efficiency.
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Al-Saad K, El-Azazy M, Issa AA, Al-Yafie A, El-Shafie AS, Al-Sulaiti M, Shomar B. Recycling of Date Pits Into a Green Adsorbent for Removal of Heavy Metals: A Fractional Factorial Design-Based Approach. Front Chem 2019; 7:552. [PMID: 31457003 PMCID: PMC6700247 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Date pits (DPs) have been recycled into a low-cost adsorbent for removing of selected heavy metals (HMs) from artificially contaminated aqueous solutions. Adsorption of targeted HMs, both by raw date pits (RDP) and burnt date pits (BDP) was tested. Results showed that BDP is more efficient as an adsorbent and mostly adsorbing Cu(II). A novel approach; fractional factorial design (2k−p – FrFD) was used to build the experimental pattern of this study. The effects of four factors on the maximum percentage (%) of removal (Y) were considered; pH, adsorbent dose (AD), heavy metal concentration (HMC), and contact time (CT). Statistically significant variables were detected using Pareto chart of standardized effects, normal and half-normal plots together with analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95.0 confidence intervals (CI). Optimizing (maximizing) the percentage (%) removal of Cu(II) by BDP, was performed using optimization plots. Results showed that the factors: pH and adsorbent dose (AD) affect the response positively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology of both adsorbents while fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to get an idea on the functional groups on the surface and hence the adsorption mechanism. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize the prepared adsorbents before and after adsorption of Cu(II). Equilibrium studies show that the adsorption behavior differs according to the equilibrium concentration. In general, it follows Langmuir isotherm up to 155 ppm, then Freundlich isotherm. Free energy of adsorption (ΔGad) is −28.07 kJ/mole, when equilibrium concentration is below 155 ppm, so the adsorption process is spontaneous, while (ΔGad) equals +17.89 kJ/mole above 155 ppm, implying that the process is non-spontaneous. Furthermore, the adsorption process is a mixture of physisorption and chemisorption processes, which could be endothermic or exothermic reactions. The adsorption kinetics were described using a second order model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al-Saad
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marwa El-Azazy
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed A Issa
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Al-Yafie
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed S El-Shafie
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maetha Al-Sulaiti
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Basem Shomar
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Aly H, El-Shafie AS, El-Azazy M. Utilization of 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) for spectrochemical determination of l-ornithine: a multivariate optimization-assisted approach. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22106-22115. [PMID: 35518865 PMCID: PMC9066740 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03311d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and highly sensitive univariate calibration strategy based on ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy and assisted by multivariate screening and optimization was utilized for the determination of l-ornithine (l-ORN) as such and in the alimentary supplements. l-ORN, an OTC marketed amino acid, is widely used for bodybuilding and might be abused by athletes. A nucleophilic substitution reaction using 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) was the basis of the current investigation. Plackett–Burman design (PBD) and a response surface optimizer as screening and fine-tuning strategies, respectively, were instigated. Four numerical variables, reaction time (RT), temperature (Temp), pH and reagent volume (RV), and one categorical variable, the diluting solvent (DS), were considered. Absorbance of the yellow-colored adduct at 469 nm was the response studied. Pareto analysis, along with analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to ascertain the significant variables (screening phase) and their domains (optimization phase). Response transformation and stepwise analysis were employed when necessary. Probability, cube and individual value plots were used to get an insight into the statistical impact of the variables tested. Multiple responses' optimization was performed using Derringer's function. Calibration curves were linear in the range of 5–50 μg mL−1. Job's technique of continuous variation showed that the stoichiometric ratio is 2 : 1 (NBD-Cl : l-ORN). The proposed technique was successfully applied to the dietary supplements of l-ORN, inferring no interference from adjuvants and excipients. Analytical performance of this technique was validated conforming to the ICH standards. l-Ornithine was determined using NBD-Cl. A multivariate-assisted strategy was used to measure a single response as a function of five variables.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Aly
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
| | - Ahmed S El-Shafie
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
| | - Marwa El-Azazy
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University Doha 2713 Qatar
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Omar MA, Nagy DM, Halim ME. Design and strategy approach for spectrofluorimetric determination of midodrine in tablets: Application to content uniformity testing. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Omar MA, Nagy DM, Halim ME. The convenient use of fluorescamine for spectrofluorimetric determination of midodrine hydrochloride in pure form and its tablets formulation: Application to content uniformity testing. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 34:84-89. [PMID: 30536965 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method was developed then validated for determination of midodrine in both its authentic pure form and its tablets. This method is based on the reaction between midodrine's aliphatic primary amine moiety with fluorescamine reagent, using borate buffer at pH 7.8 and yielding a highly fluorescent product whose fluorescence intensity was measured at 462 nm after excitation at 388 nm. This method represents the first attempt for determination of midodrine spectrofluorimetrically. A calibration curve was constructed showing that the linear range was 0.2-3.0 μg/ml. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation values were 0.06 and 0.19 μg/ml respectively. The correlation coefficient (r) and the determination coefficient (r2 ) values were 0.9992 and 0.9984 respectively. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and successfully applied for determination of midodrine in its tablets with an overall % recovery of 99.56 ± 0.95. Finally, the presented method was adapted to study the content uniformity test according to United States Pharmacopeia guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Omar
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Nagy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Monica E Halim
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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14
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Elmasry MS, Elazazy MS, El-Sayed HM. Multivariate analysis of tioconazole - TCNQ charge transfer interaction: Kinetics, thermodynamics and twofold response optimization. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 202:401-409. [PMID: 29807338 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer complex (CTC) formation between tioconazole (TCZ) as an n-electron donor and 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as a π-acceptor was studied spectrophotometrically with an accompanying kinetic and thermodynamic investigation. Multivariate data analysis via a set of experimental designs was executed for this purpose. A 23 - two-level full factorial design (FFD) was used for inspecting the proposed variables while a face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) was used to adjust the levels of variables proved to be significant. Two responses were quantified as a result of this interaction; complex I (Y1, measured at 743 nm) and complex II (Y2, measured at 842 nm). Derringer's function and overlaid contour plots were used to concurrently optimize both responses. Benesi-Hildebrand equation was applied to determine of formation constant (K), and the molar absorptivity (Ɛ) of the formed complex. Different thermodynamic parameters; the standard Gibbs free energy change (∆G°), the standard enthalpy of formation (∆H°) and the standard entropy change (∆S°) were determined for the reaction product. The proposed method was validated regarding the linearity, intra-, and inter-day precision and accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification and following the ICH standards. The proposed method was also applied for the determination of TCZ in its pharmaceutical preparations. Having a higher molar absorptivity and higher formation constant, complex II was of choice for all subsequent measurements. Application of Benesi-Hildebrand equation supported the formation of 1: 1 CTC. Thermodynamic study revealed the endothermic characters and the spontaneity of formation of the CTC at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal S Elmasry
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Marwa S Elazazy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Heba M El-Sayed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Rahman N, Khan S. Experimental Design Approach in the Optimization of Potentiometric Method for Lansoprazole Determination Using Lansoprazole-Tungstate Based Ion-Selective Electrode. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nafisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Sumaiya Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
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Elazazy MS, Issa AA, Al-Mashreky M, Al-Sulaiti M, Al-Saad K. Application of fractional factorial design for green synthesis of cyano-modified silica nanoparticles: Chemometrics and multifarious response optimization. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Elazazy MS, El-Hamshary M, Sakr M, Al-Easa HS. Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs as chemometric tools for micro-determination of l-Ornithine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 193:397-406. [PMID: 29274603 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plackett-Burman (PB) and Box-Behnken (BB) screening and response surface factorial designs were used to evaluate spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric approaches for the determination of l-Ornithine (ORN) as per se and in dietary supplements. Both approaches were based on the derivatization of the primary amino group of ORN via Hantzsch condensation reaction producing yellow coloured adducts (dihydrolutidine derivative). The reaction product was determined spectrophotometrically (method A) at λmax=327nm and spectrofluorimetrically (method B) at 480nm (λem) after excitation at 325nm (λex). A multivariate scheme was tailored to investigate the process numerical variables; reaction temperature, heating time, reagent volume, and pH implementing PB as a screening design followed by BB as an optimization strategy. Categorical factors including diluting solvent and sequence of addition were kept invariable. Responses of the reaction systems were the maximum absorbance (Y1) and maximum fluorescence intensity (Y2), correspondingly. Quality tools as well as ANOVA testing, before and after response transformation were used to decide upon the substantial variables. Following the optimization of reaction variables using desirability plots, calibration graphs were found to be rectilinear in the range of 6-14μg/mL and 0.4-1.2μg/mL for methods A and B, respectively. Both methods proved to be sensitive with detection limits (DL) of 337 and 85ng/mL, and quantitation limits (QL) of 1086 and 283ng/mL, for methods A and B, respectively. An interference study was performed using potential foreign species. No significant interference effect was observed on any of the proposed procedures. System performance was addressed following ICH guidelines and considering parameters such as linearity, detection and quantification limits, accuracy and precision, robustness and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S Elazazy
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Marwa El-Hamshary
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Marwa Sakr
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hala S Al-Easa
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Elhefnawy OA. A new optical sensor for spectrophotometric determination of uranium (VI) and thorium (IV) in acidic medium. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2017-2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A spectrophotometric method was developed for U(VI) and Th(IV) determination in acidic medium by using proposed optical sensor. This sensor is base on the complexation reaction of the ionophore midodrine hydrochloride (L) with U(VI)/Th(IV) in plasticized (o-NPOE) high molecular weight (PVC). Several parameters such as effect of acidic medium, response time and sensor compositions were studied. The determination of the complexes stoichiometry was also studied using Job’s method. The complexes stoichiometry were measured at the absorbance spectra 302 nm and the results were found to be 1:1 for both complexes U(VI)-L and Th(IV)-L. The complexation reaction was extremely rapid at room temperature; it takes 5, 10 min to complete the complexation reaction in U(VI) and Th(IV), respectively. Under the optimum conditions the calibration curves of U(VI)/Th(IV) determination, have good linearity at different acidic medium nitric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids with low detection and quantification limits. The accuracy and precision studies proved that the proposed optical sensor is valid and qualified for U(VI)/Th(IV) spectrophotometric determination in different acidic medium. The selectivity of the proposed optical sensor was studied. The proposed optical sensor was applied successfully for U(VI)/Th(IV) determination in research and development (R&D) nuclear waste samples with satisfactory results. A comparative study of the proposed optical sensor with other previous spectrophotometric sensors for U(VI)/Th(IV) determination, proved the high efficiency of the proposed optical sensor, that it presents wide linear range and low detection limit. The proposed optical sensor could be applied for a quantitative determination of U(VI)/Th(IV) in acidic waste samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Elhefnawy
- Nuclear Safeguards and Physical Protection Department, Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority (NRRA) , P.O. Box 7551 , Cairo , Egypt , Tel.: +2 01007117101, Fax: +2 2274 02 38
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