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Zabielaite A, Balciunaite A, Upskuviene D, Simkunaite D, Levinas R, Niaura G, Vaiciuniene J, Jasulaitiene V, Tamasauskaite-Tamasiunaite L, Norkus E. Investigation of Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution on Cobalt-Nanoparticles-Supported Graphitic Carbon Nitride. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5923. [PMID: 37687616 PMCID: PMC10488936 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on fabricating cobalt particles deposited on graphitic carbon nitride (Co/gCN) using annealing, microwave-assisted and hydrothermal syntheses, and their employment in hydrogen and oxygen evolution (HER and OER) reactions. Composition, surface morphology, and structure were examined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The performance of Co-modified gCN composites for the HER and OER were investigated in an alkaline media (1 M KOH). Compared to the metal-free gCN, the modification of gCN with Co enhances the electrocatalytic activity towards the HER and OER. Additionally, thermal annealing of both Co(NO3)2 and melamine at 520 °C for 4 h results in the preparation of an effective bifunctional Co3O4/gCN catalyst for the HER with the lower Eonset of -0.24 V, a small overpotential of -294.1 mV at 10 mA cm-2, and a low Tafel slope of -29.6 mV dec-1 in a 1.0 M KOH solution and for the OER with the onset overpotential of 286.2 mV and overpotential of 422.3 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2 with the Tafel slope of 72.8 mV dec-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausrine Zabielaite
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (D.U.); (D.S.); (R.L.); (G.N.); (J.V.); (V.J.); (E.N.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Loreta Tamasauskaite-Tamasiunaite
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (D.U.); (D.S.); (R.L.); (G.N.); (J.V.); (V.J.); (E.N.)
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2
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Kumar N, Kumari M, Ismael M, Tahir M, Sharma RK, Kumari K, Koduru JR, Singh P. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4)-assisted materials for the detection and remediation of hazardous gases and VOCs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116149. [PMID: 37209982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based materials are attracting attention for their unique properties, such as low-cost, chemical stability, facile synthesis, adjustable electronic structure, and optical properties. These facilitate the use of g-C3N4 to design better photocatalytic and sensing materials. Environmental pollution by hazardous gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be monitored and controlled using eco-friendly g-C3N4- photocatalysts. Firstly, this review introduces the structure, optical and electronic properties of C3N4 and C3N4 assisted materials, followed by various synthesis strategies. In continuation, binary and ternary nanocomposites of C3N4 with metal oxides, sulfides, noble metals, and graphene are elaborated. g-C3N4/metal oxide composites exhibited better charge separation that leads to enhancement in photocatalytic properties. g-C3N4/noble metal composites possess higher photocatalytic activities due to the surface plasmon effects of metals. Ternary composites by the presence of dual heterojunctions improve properties of g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic application. In the later part, we have summarised the application of g-C3N4 and its assisted materials for sensing toxic gases and VOCs and decontaminating NOx and VOCs by photocatalysis. Composites of g-C3N4 with metal and metal oxide give comparatively better results. This review is expected to bring a new sketch for developing g-C3N4-based photocatalysts and sensors with practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
| | - Monika Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Mohammed Ismael
- Electrical energy storage system, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kavitha Kumari
- Baba Mastnath University, Asthal Bohar, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Janardhan Reddy Koduru
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, South Korea
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
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3
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Mao X, Guo R, Chen Q, Zhu H, Li H, Yan Z, Guo Z, Wu T. Recent Advances in Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Electro-Catalysts for CO 2 Reduction Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083292. [PMID: 37110526 PMCID: PMC10146859 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction is an effective means of combating the greenhouse effect caused by massive carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon nitride in the graphitic phase (g-C3N4) has excellent chemical stability and unique structural properties that allow it to be widely used in energy and materials fields. However, due to its relatively low electrical conductivity, to date, little effort has been made to summarize the application of g-C3N4 in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. This review focuses on the synthesis and functionalization of g-C3N4 and the recent advances of its application as a catalyst and a catalyst support in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. The modification of g-C3N4-based catalysts for enhanced CO2 reduction is critically reviewed. In addition, opportunities for future research on g-C3N4-based catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Mao
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Ruitang Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Quhan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Huiwen Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Hongzhe Li
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zijun Yan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zeyu Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technologies of Ningbo, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
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4
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Bharagav U, Ramesh Reddy N, Nava Koteswara Rao V, Ravi P, Sathish M, Rangappa D, Prathap K, Shilpa Chakra C, Shankar MV, Appels L, Aminabhavi TM, Kakarla RR, Mamatha Kumari M. Bifunctional g-C 3N 4/carbon nanotubes/WO 3 ternary nanohybrids for photocatalytic energy and environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137030. [PMID: 36334741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ternary nanohybrids based on mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were synthesized and presented for developing stable and efficient Hydrogen (H2) production system. Based on photocatalytic activity, optimization was performed in three different stages to develop carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and WO3 loaded g-C3N4 (CWG-3). Initially, the effect of exfoliation was investigated, and a maximum specific surface area of 100.77 m2/g was achieved. 2D-2D interface between WO3 and g-C3N4 was targeted and achieved, to construct a highly efficient direct Z-scheme heterojunction. Optimized binary composite holds the enhanced activity of about 2.6 folds of H2 generation rates than the thermally exfoliated g-C3N4. Further, CNT loading towards binary composite in an optimized weight ratio enhances the activity by 6.86 folds than the pristine g-C3N4. Notably, optimized ternary nanohybrid generates 15,918 μmol h-1. g-1cat of molecular H2, under natural solar light irradiation with 5 vol% TEOA as a sacrificial agent. Constructive enhancements deliver remarkable H2 production and dye degradation activities. Results evident that, the same system can be useful for pilot-scale energy generation and other photocatalytic applications as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Bharagav
- Nanocatalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - N Ramesh Reddy
- Nanocatalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - V Nava Koteswara Rao
- Nanocatalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Ravi
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute- Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Sathish
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute- Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh Rangappa
- Visvesvaraya Center for Nano Science and Technology, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Muddenahalli, Chikkaballapura, Karnataka, India
| | - K Prathap
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Electronics Science and Technology (CASEST), School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ch Shilpa Chakra
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (JNTUH), Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M V Shankar
- Nanocatalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lise Appels
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Jan Pieter De Nayerlaan 5, B-2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
| | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - M Mamatha Kumari
- Nanocatalysis and Solar Fuels Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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5
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Pankratz J, Mitchell E, Godin R. Soluble carbon nitride nanosheets as an alternate precursor for hard-templated morphological control. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13580-13592. [PMID: 36107015 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04129d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride (CNx) is an organic semiconductor with promising applications in solar energy conversion via photocatalytic water splitting. Current efforts are being devoted to improve the photocatalytic activity of CNx as it is limited by charge recombination which may be exacerbated by its low surface area. Hard-templated synthesis of CNx by filling mesoporous silica with small molecule precursors is one of the conventional approaches to improving the efficiency of CNx. However the relationship between activity and surface area has yet to be fully established. Herein we develop a new approach using soluble acidified CNx nanosheets as the precursor in an effort to decrease the potential for unintended chemical modifications and better understand the complex relationship between morphology and activity. Deprotonation of acidified CNx occurs at moderate temperatures to restore the π-π interactions. We prepared three modified morphologies with this synthetic route and completed a thorough study of the structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties. Supported by charge carrier dynamics studies, we found that the silica-templated CNx with modified morphologies suffered from higher trap state densities and resulted in lower photocatalytic activity compared to CNx prepared without a template. Characterization techniques showed that the chemical structure of the templated CNx obtained is not sensitive to changes in the silica template shape. Our observations highlight the complex relationship between structure, photophysics, and activity, and demonstrate that hard templating can modify more than the intended surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Pankratz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Emma Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Robert Godin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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6
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Naim Ahmad K, Samidin S, Salleh F, Nor Roslam Wan Isahak W, Al‐Amiery A, Shahbudin Masdar M, Rahimi Yusop M, Khalid Al‐Azzawi W, Irwan Rosli M, Ambar Yarmo M. Carbon Monoxide Desorption and Reduction Studies of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Supported Nickel Catalysts for CO Methanation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khairul Naim Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Salma Samidin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Fairous Salleh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Al‐Amiery
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
- Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Centre University of Technology Baghdad Iraq
| | - Mohd Shahbudin Masdar
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Rahimi Yusop
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | | | - Masli Irwan Rosli
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ambar Yarmo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
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7
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Lorenz F, Moustakas NG, Peppel T, Strunk J. Comparative Studies of Oxygen‐Free Semiconductors in Photocatalytic CO
2
Reduction and Alcohol Degradation. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lorenz
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. (LIKAT) Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Nikolaos G. Moustakas
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. (LIKAT) Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Tim Peppel
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. (LIKAT) Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Jennifer Strunk
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. (LIKAT) Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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8
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Torres-Pinto A, Silva CG, Faria JL, Silva AM. The effect of precursor selection on the microwave-assisted synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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9
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Kumar Singh A, Das C, Indra A. Scope and prospect of transition metal-based cocatalysts for visible light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with graphitic carbon nitride. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Wang Z, Li W, Wu L, Wang Z, Cao Y, Cheng J, Chen G, Zhao Q, Jiang M, Chen Z, Zhu L, Duan T. Nitrogen-rich carbon nitrogen polymers for enhancing the sorption of uranyl. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Sohail M, Anwar U, Taha T, I. A. Qazi H, Al-Sehemi AG, Ullah S, Gharni H, Ahmed I, Amin MA, Palamanit A, Iqbal W, Alharthi S, Nawawi W, Ajmal Z, Ali H, Hayat A. Nanostructured Materials Based on g-C3N4 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity and Potentials Application: A Review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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12
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Zhang H, Liu J, Jiang L. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution based on carbon nitride and organic semiconductors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:322001. [PMID: 35447618 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac68f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) presents a promising way to solve the global energy crisis. Metal-free carbon nitride (CN) and organic semiconductors photocatalysts have drawn intense interests due to their fascinating properties such as tunable molecular structure, electronic states, strong visible-light absorption, low-cost etc. In this paper, the recent progresses of photocatalytic hydrogen production based on organic photocatalysts, including CN, linear polymers, conjugated porous polymers and small molecules, are reviewed, with emphasis on the various strategies to improve PHE efficiency. Finally, the possible future research trends in the organic photocatalysts are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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13
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Plubphon N, Thongtem S, Phuruangrat A, Randorn C, Kaowphong S, Narksitipan S, Thongtem T. Direct microwave heating synthesis and characterization of highly efficient g-C3N4 photocatalyst. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Jiménez-Flores Y, Jiménez-Rangel K, Samaniego-Benítez J, Lartundo-Rojas L, Calderón H, Gómez R, Mantilla A. Novelty g-C3N4/HAp composite as highly effective photocatalyst for Cr (VI) photoreduction. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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15
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Kumaravel S, Manoharan M, Haldorai Y, Rajendra Kumar RT. Enhanced visible-light degradation of organic dyes via porous g-C 3N 4. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1991343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabarish Kumaravel
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory (AMDL), Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathankumar Manoharan
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory (AMDL), Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yuvaraj Haldorai
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory (AMDL), Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. T. Rajendra Kumar
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory (AMDL), Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics in Solution by Au@ZnO-rGO-gC3N4 Composites. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of two quinolone-type antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin) in aqueous solution was studied, using catalysts based on ZnO nanoparticles, which were synthesized by a thermal procedure. The efficiency of ZnO was subsequently optimized by incorporating different co-catalysts of gC3N4, reduced graphene oxide, and nanoparticles of gold. The catalysts were fully characterized by electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), XPS, XRD, Raman, and BET surface area. The most efficient catalyst was 10%Au@ZnONPs-3%rGO-3%gC3N4, obtaining degradations of both pollutants above 96%. This catalyst has the largest specific area, and its activity was related to a synergistic effect, involving factors such as the surface of the material and the ability to absorb radiation in the visible region, mainly produced by the incorporation of rGO and gC3N4 in the semiconductor. The use of different scavengers during the catalytic process, was used to establish the possible photodegradation mechanism of both antibiotics.
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Light assisted nickel(II) grafted-g-carbon nitride molecular hybrid promoted hydrocarboxylation of olefins with CO2 at atmospheric pressure condition. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Oseghe EO, Akpotu SO, Mombeshora ET, Oladipo AO, Ombaka LM, Maria BB, Idris AO, Mamba G, Ndlwana L, Ayanda OS, Ofomaja AE, Nyamori VO, Feleni U, Nkambule TT, Msagati TA, Mamba BB, Bahnemann DW. Multi-dimensional applications of graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterials – A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Muelas-Ramos V, Sampaio MJ, Silva CG, Bedia J, Rodriguez JJ, Faria JL, Belver C. Degradation of diclofenac in water under LED irradiation using combined g-C 3N 4/NH 2-MIL-125 photocatalysts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126199. [PMID: 34492963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac by hybrid materials prepared by combination of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and titanium-metal organic framework (NH2-MIL-125), in different mass proportions (MOF:C3N4 of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25). The hybrid materials were fully characterized, and their properties compared to those of the individual components, whose presence was confirmed by XRD. The porous structure was the result of the highly microporous character of the MOF and the non-porous one of g-C3N4. The band gap values were very close to that of MOF component. Photoluminescence measurements suggested an increase on the recombination rate associated to the presence of g-C3N4. Photodegradation tests of diclofenac (10 mg·L-1) were performed under UV LED irradiation at 384 nm. The hybrid materials showed higher photocatalytic activity than the individual components, suggesting the occurrence of some synergistic effect. The photocatalyst with a MOF:g-C3N4 ratio of 50:50 yielded the highest conversion rate, allowing complete disappearance of diclofenac in 2 h. Experiments with scavengers showed that superoxide radicals and holes played a major role in the photocatalytic process photodegradation, being that of hydroxyl radicals less significant. From the identification of by-products species, a degradation pathway was proposed for the degradation of diclofenac under the experimental operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Muelas-Ramos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M J Sampaio
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidad do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frías s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - C G Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidad do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frías s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - J Bedia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidad do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frías s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Belver
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Ying H, Huang Z, Dong G, Zhang Y. The charge transfer pathway of CoO QDs/g-C3N4 composites for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Zhang T, Liu P, Wang L, Wang S, Shi J, Lan X. Electronegativity Assisted Synthesis of Magnetically Recyclable Ni/NiO/g-C 3N 4 for Significant Boosting H 2 Evolution. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112894. [PMID: 34071248 PMCID: PMC8199054 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A magnetically recyclable Ni/NiO/g-C3N4 photocatalyst with significantly enhanced H2 evolution efficiency was successfully synthesized by a simple ethanol-solvothermal treatment. The presence of electronegative g-C3N4 is found to be the key factor for Ni0 formation in ternary Ni/NiO/g-C3N4, which provides anchoring sites for Ni2+ absorption and assembling sites for Ni0 nanoparticle formation. The metallic Ni0, on one side, could act as an electron acceptor enhancing carrier separation and transfer efficiency, and on the other side, it could act as active sites for H2 evolution. The NiO forms a p–n heterojunction with g-C3N4, which also promotes carrier separation and transfer efficiency. The strong magnetic property of Ni/NiO/g-C3N4 allows a good recyclability of catalyst from aqueous solution. The optimal Ni/NiO/g-C3N4 showed a full-spectrum efficiency of 2310 μmol·h−1·g−1 for hydrogen evolution, which is 210 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4. This ethanol solvothermal strategy provides a facile and low-cost synthesis of metal/metal oxide/g-C3N4 for large-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China; (T.Z.); (P.L.); (L.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China; (T.Z.); (P.L.); (L.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China; (T.Z.); (P.L.); (L.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Shuai Wang
- Chengyang branch of Qingdao Ecological Environment Bureau, Qingdao 266000, China;
| | - Jinsheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China; (T.Z.); (P.L.); (L.W.); (J.S.)
| | - Xuefang Lan
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China; (T.Z.); (P.L.); (L.W.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Bifunctional Polymeric Carbon Nitride via Tuning Fabrication Conditions for Photocatalysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, the hydrogen evolution reaction and photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye were studied using urea-based polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) as photocatalyst. The effects of calcination temperature and heating rate of the PCN on structural, morphological, optical, photoelectrochemical, and photocatalytic properties were addressed. Different properties were found to be crucial in boosting photocatalytic performance dependending on the reaction type. The highest efficiency in hydrogen evolution was observed in the presence of PCN characterized by the superior charge transport and charge lifetime properties arising from higher degree of structural arrangement and lower defect content in comparison to that of other photocatalysts. However, photocatalytic degradation of RhB was the most powerful when the catalyst exhibited the highest specific surface area as a key parameter determining its efficiency, although it presented lower charge transport and charge carrier properties.
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23
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Zhurenok AV, Larina TV, Markovskaya DV, Cherepanova SV, Mel’gunova EA, Kozlova EA. Synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution under visible light. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Bai X, Wang X, Lu X, Jia T, Sun B, Wang C, Hou S, Zong R. A fluorine induced enhancement of the surface polarization and crystallization of g-C 3N 4 for an efficient charge separation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A synergy of high crystallinity and surface polarization constructed by F doping dramatically promotes charge separation efficiency, significantly enhancing photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control
| | - Xuyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Xiongwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Tianqi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Boxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture)
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Ruilong Zong
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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25
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Meng P, Xu J. Colorful Silver/Carbon Nitride Composites Obtained by Photoreduction. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Liu D, Peng J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Han X, Yang P, He H. Solid phase extraction-based magnetic carbon nitride/metal organic framework composite with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in urine samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4798-4805. [PMID: 32955051 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel solid phase extraction method was constructed to detect three tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in urine with a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. The sorbent MCN/BIF-20 was constructed by magnetic g-C3N4 (MCN) and boron imidazole framework-20 (BIF-20) and was characterized by multiple techniques. The experimental results of the adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics indicated that the composites had good adsorption of TKIs (148.33 mg g-1, 283.25 mg g-1, 188.17 mg g-1). The reason for the good adsorption property of the complex material was revealed by comparison with each single material. The analytical method was built by a single factor experiment, and was evaluated as a suitable method to detect TKIs in urine by its good accuracy (90.35-98.69%), precision (<3.9%), appropriate detection limits (2.2-3.4 ng mL-1), and linear ranges (12.5-500 ng mL-1) with convenient determination coefficients (>0.9997). The performance of the MCN/BIF-20 composite did not decrease dramatically in 3 cycles. These analytical results demonstrated that g-C3N4 and BIFs had a bright prospect in sample pretreatment, and the proposed approach based on MCN/BIF-20 was applicable for analysis of TKIs in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu Province, China.
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27
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Masunga N, Mamba BB, Kefeni KK. Trace samarium doped graphitic carbon nitride photocatalytic activity toward metanil yellow dye degradation under visible light irradiation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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28
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Kim H, Gao S, Hahm MG, Ahn CW, Jung HY, Jung YJ. Graphitic Nanocup Architectures for Advanced Nanotechnology Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1862. [PMID: 32957578 PMCID: PMC7558418 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of controllable hollow graphitic architectures can engender revolutionary changes in nanotechnology. Here, we present the synthesis, processing, and possible applications of low aspect ratio hollow graphitic nanoscale architectures that can be precisely engineered into morphologies of (1) continuous carbon nanocups, (2) branched carbon nanocups, and (3) carbon nanotubes-carbon nanocups hybrid films. These complex graphitic nanocup-architectures could be fabricated by using a highly designed short anodized alumina oxide nanochannels, followed by a thermal chemical vapor deposition of carbon. The highly porous film of nanocups is mechanically flexible, highly conductive, and optically transparent, making the film attractive for various applications such as multifunctional and high-performance electrodes for energy storage devices, nanoscale containers for nanogram quantities of materials, and nanometrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyehee Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (H.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Sen Gao
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (H.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Myung Gwan Hahm
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Chi Won Ahn
- National Nanofab Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-Ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Hyun Young Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam 52725, Korea;
| | - Yung Joon Jung
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (H.K.); (S.G.)
- National Nanofab Center, KAIST, 291 Daehak-Ro, Yusung-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
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29
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30
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Two-Dimensional Materials and Composites as Potential Water Splitting Photocatalysts: A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen production via water dissociation under exposure to sunlight has emanated as an environmentally friendly, highly productive and expedient process to overcome the energy production and consumption gap, while evading the challenges of fossil fuel depletion and ecological contamination. Various classes of materials are being explored as viable photocatalysts to achieve this purpose, among which, the two-dimensional materials have emerged as prominent candidates, having the intrinsic advantages of visible light sensitivity; structural and chemical tuneability; extensively exposed surface area; and flexibility to form composites and heterostructures. In an abridged manner, the common types of 2D photocatalysts, their position as potential contenders in photocatalytic processes, their derivatives and their modifications are described herein, as it all applies to achieving the coveted chemical and physical properties by fine-tuning the synthesis techniques, precursor ingredients and nano-structural alterations.
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31
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Qi J, Lan H, Liu R, Liu H, Qu J. Efficient Microcystis aeruginosa removal by moderate photocatalysis-enhanced coagulation with magnetic Zn-doped Fe 3O 4 particles. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115448. [PMID: 31901509 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is becoming a popular method for the inactivation of algae cells. However, the previous research has mainly focused on the destruction of algae cells by photocatalysis for control of harmful blooms in natural waters. This study aims to investigate the effect of photocatalytic pretreatment on the coagulation process for Microcystis aeruginosa removal. Photocatalytic pretreatment by recyclable magnetic Zn-doped Fe3O4 particles under visible-light was indicated to enhance the algae removal efficiency from 10% to 96% with the catalyst dose of 0.05 g/L. The possible mechanism involved in the enhancement was explored by analyzing variations in the algal suspension from the aspects of cell integrity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, cell morphology, and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The photocatalytic process was proved to realize moderate pretreatment of algae cells by destabilization of the algae cells without damaging cell integrity. The damaged cell ratios were all below 6% even after 360-min photocatalytic pretreatment, which could avoid the undesirable release of intracellular organic matter (IOM). The increase in SOD activity with prolonged photocatalytic time indicated that algae cells were stimulated to extensively activate SOD to resist the oxidative damage induced by the photocatalysis. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements further revealed that superoxide radicals were generated and involved in the photocatalytic pretreatment process. Additionally, increased DOC values in the algal suspension were induced by the desorption of mucilage from algae cells. The desorbed mucilage was proved to be mainly composed of large or medium MW rather than small MW compounds, which could further enhance the coagulation. Therefore, the efficient coagulation of algal suspensions can be realized by moderate pretreatment of M. aeruginosa via the magnetic Zn-doped Fe3O4 particle photocatalysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huachun Lan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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32
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Paul D, Gautam S, Panchal P, Nehra SP, Choudhary P, Sharma A. ZnO-Modified g-C 3N 4: A Potential Photocatalyst for Environmental Application. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3828-3838. [PMID: 32149209 PMCID: PMC7057336 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy-driven practices using semiconducting materials is an ideal approach toward wastewater remediation. In order to attain a superior photocatalyst, a composite of g-C3N4 and ZnO (GCN-ZnO) has been prepared by one-step thermal polymerization of urea and zinc carbonate basic dihydrate [ZnNO3]2·[Zn(OH)2]3. The GCN-ZnO0.4 sample showed an evolved morphology, increased surface area (116 m2 g-1), better visible light absorption ability, and reduced band gap in comparison to GCN-pure. The GCN-ZnO0.4 sample also showed enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic activity performance, resulting in an increased reaction rate value up to 3 times that of GCN-pure, which was attributed to the phenomenon of better separation of photogenerated charge carriers resulting because of heterojunction development among interfaces of GCN-pure and ZnO. In addition, the GCN-ZnO0.4 sample showed a decent stability for four cyclic runs and established its potential use for abatement of organic wastewater pollutants in comparison to GCN-pure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina
Rattan Paul
- Center
of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu
Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India
| | - Shubham Gautam
- Materials
Research Center, Malaviya National Institute
of Technology, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Priyanka Panchal
- Center
of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu
Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India
| | - Satya Pal Nehra
- Center
of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, Deenbandhu
Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal 131039, India
| | | | - Anshu Sharma
- Department
of Physics, School of Engineering & Technology (SoET), Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh 123031, India
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33
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Idris MB, Devaraj S. Few-layered mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride: a graphene analogue with high capacitance properties. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exfoliation of multi-layered MGCN into few-layered MGCN results in 50% enhancement in the specific capacitance value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Balarabe Idris
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Energy Storage & Conversion
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur 613401
| | - S. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Energy Storage & Conversion
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur 613401
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34
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Liang H, Fang L, Hu S. Construction of a wide-spectrum-driven V N-g-C 3N 4/Cu 2(OH) 2CO 3 heterojunction catalyst from VIS to NIR light via the in situ self-sacrificial method: the effect of oxygen on the N 2 photofixation ability. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an N vacancy-doped g-C3N4/Cu2(OH)2CO3 (VN-GCN/CuCOH) heterojunction catalyst with superior wide-spectrum-driven (from VIS to NIR) N2 photofixation ability was synthesized via the in situ self-sacrificial method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- China
| | - Lei Fang
- Daqing Chemical Research Centre of Petrochemical Research Institute
- Daqing
- China
| | - Shaozheng Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- China
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35
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Jia Q, Zhang S, Gao Z, Yang P, Gu Q. In situ growth of triazine–heptazine based carbon nitride film for efficient (photo)electrochemical performance. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nitride polymer film with a triazine–heptazine network on FTO as a bifunctional electrode shows boosted (photo)electrochemical performance for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
| | - Quan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
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36
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Paul DR, Sharma R, Nehra SP, Sharma A. Effect of calcination temperature, pH and catalyst loading on photodegradation efficiency of urea derived graphitic carbon nitride towards methylene blue dye solution. RSC Adv 2019; 9:15381-15391. [PMID: 35514817 PMCID: PMC9064223 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02201e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The appropriate synthesis temperature and optimized photodegradation reaction conditions result in an appreciable enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of urea derived innate g-C3N4 towards MB dye degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Rattan Paul
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology
- India
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology
- India
| | - S. P. Nehra
- Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies
- Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology
- India
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Anshu Sharma
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
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37
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Cui J, Qi D, Wang X. Research on the techniques of ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase peeling, thermal oxidation peeling and acid-base chemical peeling for ultra-thin graphite carbon nitride nanosheets. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 48:181-187. [PMID: 30080540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) composite structure materials, as a kind of stable compound with graphite-like structure, has attracted more and more attention due to its excellent properties, such as being able to absorb solar energy, stable chemical and optical properties and having a suitable oxidation potential. However, its application in the field of photocatalysis is limited by its small specific surface area and poor dispersibility. To solve this problem, ultra-thin g-C3N4 nanosheets are often prepared using peeling methods. In this paper, the current status and mechanism of thermal oxidation peeling, ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase peeling and acid-base chemical peeling are reviewed in detail. In addition, the future research directions of ultra-thin graphite-like carbon nitride nanosheets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Cui
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Dawei Qi
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China.
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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38
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Sun M, Li K, Zhang WD, Yu YX. Triamterene-Grafted Graphitic Carbon Nitride with Electronic Potential Redistribution for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3073-3083. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Kui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Wei-De Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yu-Xiang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 China
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39
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Sureshkumar T, Thiripuranthagan S, Paskalis SMK, Kumaravel S, Kannan K, Devarajan A. Synthesis, characterization and photodegradation activity of graphitic C3N4-SrTiO3 nanocomposites. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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41
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Chen Z, Lu S, Wu Q, He F, Zhao N, He C, Shi C. Salt-assisted synthesis of 3D open porous g-C 3N 4 decorated with cyano groups for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3008-3013. [PMID: 29372745 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05927b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional open porous graphitic carbon nitride with cyano groups (3D OPG-C3N4-CN) has been fabricated by a facile two-step process that combines NaCl-assisted freeze-drying with calcination. NaCl not only works as a template for the 3D open porous structure, but also facilitates the decomposition of g-C3N4 around 500 °C to some extent. Meanwhile, a moderate amount of cyano groups acting as electron capture centers are introduced at the edge of the 3D open porous g-C3N4 during the formation process. Compared with bulk g-C3N4 without NaCl assistance, the 3D OPG-C3N4-CN exhibits improved light absorption, reduced carrier recombination and more active sites. As a result, the enhanced hydrogen production of 3D OPG-C3N4-CN reaches up to 1590 μmol h-1 g-1 when using Pt as a cocatalyst, which is about six times as much as that of the bulk g-C3N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfa Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composites and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, No. 92, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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42
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Speltini A, Pisanu A, Profumo A, Milanese C, Sangaletti L, Drera G, Patrini M, Pentimalli M, Malavasi L. Rationalization of hydrogen production by bulk g-C3N4: an in-depth correlation between physico-chemical parameters and solar light photocatalysis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39421-39431. [PMID: 35558029 PMCID: PMC9090727 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08880b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is the systematic study of the photocatalytic activity of bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) in relation with the physical–chemical, structural and optical properties of the semiconductor. Fourteen g-C3N4 samples have been prepared by thermal condensation starting from three different precursor (melamine, dicyandiamide and urea) and exploring various temperatures (in the range 500–700 °C). The materials obtained have been deeply characterized by high resolution scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption measurements (BET method), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Each semiconductor, coupled with Pt co-catalyst, was tested for hydrogen gas production from aqueous triethanolamine as model sacrificial agent, under simulated solar light. The hydrogen evolution profiles turned out to be strictly dependent on precursor type and synthesis temperature, with the highest evolution rate observed for the samples series produced from urea (up to ca. 4400 μmol g−1 h−1). The results, corroborated by the excellent inter-day precision of irradiation tests (RSD < 5%, n = 3) together with the good batch-to-batch reproducibility (RSD < 11%, n = 3), were critically discussed. Apart from the appealing production values obtained using the as-prepared materials, it was importantly pointed out that, besides crystallinity and visible light absorption, the photocatalytic behavior is definitely correlated to the surface area, which is dependent on the synthesis conditions, that is polymerization temperature and nature of g-C3N4 precursor. Overall, this systematic investigation demonstrated that, contrary to the polymerization degree (sp2/sp3 carbon ratio), surface area is the real determinant parameter for g-C3N4 hydrogen evolution activity. Extensive physico-chemical investigation on bulk g-C3N4 allowed a reliable correlation between hydrogen production and materials properties to be established.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Speltini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM
- University of Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Ambra Pisanu
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM
- University of Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM
- University of Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM
- University of Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Luigi Sangaletti
- I-LAMP
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
- 25121 Brescia
- Italy
| | - Giovanni Drera
- I-LAMP
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
- 25121 Brescia
- Italy
| | | | - Marzia Pentimalli
- ENEA – Italian National Agency for Energy
- New Technologies and Sustainable Economic Development
- Casaccia Research Centre
- 00123 Roma
- Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM
- University of Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
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43
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Zhao Z, Lei Y, Liu W, Fan J, Xue D, Xue Y, Yin S. Fly ash cenospheres as multifunctional supports of g-C 3 N 4 /N-TiO 2 with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity and adsorption. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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44
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Ghosh S, Ramaprabhu S. High-pressure investigation of ionic functionalized graphitic carbon nitride nanostructures for CO2 capture. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Kumru B, Antonietti M, Schmidt BVKJ. Enhanced Dispersibility of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Particles in Aqueous and Organic Media via a One-Pot Grafting Approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9897-9906. [PMID: 28845993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A facile route to synthesize hydrophilically or hydrophobically grafted graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) is reported. For this purpose, functionalized olefinic molecules with a low polymerization tendency are utilized for grafting onto the surface to preserve the features of g-CN while improving its dispersibility. One-pot, visible light-induced grafting yields highly dispersible g-CNs either in aqueous or organic media. Moreover, functional groups such as amines can be introduced, which yields pH-dependent dispersibility in aqueous media. Compared with unfunctionalized g-CN, low sonication times are sufficient to redisperse g-CN. In addition, because of increased dispersion stability, higher amounts of functionalized g-CN can be dispersed (up to 10% in aqueous dispersion and 2% in organic dispersion) when compared to unfunctionalized g-CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Kumru
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernhard V K J Schmidt
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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46
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Impact of the annealing temperature on Pt/g-C 3 N 4 structure, activity and selectivity between photodegradation and water splitting. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Han X, Tian L, Jiang H, Kong L, Lv J, Shan J, Wang J, Fan X. Facile transformation of low cost melamine–oxalic acid into porous graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets with high visible-light photocatalytic performance. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high visible-light photocatalytic performance of porous g-C3N4nanosheets were prepared by using a long strip-like structure of melamine–oxalic acid (MO) as a precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Han
- School of Physics
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Li Tian
- School of Physics
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Hongjin Jiang
- School of Physics
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Lingru Kong
- School of Physics
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jianan Lv
- School of Physics
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Shan
- School of Physics
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- School of Physics
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Light Emitting and Photocatalytic Materials
| | - Xiaoxing Fan
- School of Physics
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Light Emitting and Photocatalytic Materials
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48
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Ren J, Liu X, Zhang L, Liu Q, Gao R, Dai WL. Thermal oxidative etching method derived graphitic C3N4: highly efficient metal-free catalyst in the selective epoxidation of styrene. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of g-C3N4 nanosheets were synthesized by thermal oxidation with long time heating and etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ren
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Wei-Lin Dai
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Material
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
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49
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Gu Q, Liu J, Gao Z, Xue C. Homogenous Boron-doping in Self-sensitized Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Visible-light Photocatalytic Activity. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3169-3173. [PMID: 27654997 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report a solvothermal approach for the preparation of homogeneously B-doped self-sensitized carbon nitride (B-SSCN) composed of a core of B-doped carbon nitride microspheres and a covalently linked shell of s-triazine oligomers. Compared to the undoped structure, the obtained B-SSCN photocatalyst exhibits an enhanced visible-light activity, excellent stability for photocatalytic hydrogen generation due to a reduced band-gap, enhanced charge-separation efficiency, and better surface reactivity of B-SSCN. This work provides a new strategy to uniformly insert heteroatoms into the polymeric carbon nitride framework for the development of metal-free photocatalysts towards efficient production of solar fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.,Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Jianni Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Can Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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50
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Pandiselvi K, Fang H, Huang X, Wang J, Xu X, Li T. Constructing a novel carbon nitride/polyaniline/ZnO ternary heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic performance using exfoliated carbon nitride nanosheets as supports. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 314:67-77. [PMID: 27107237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (CN) is an emerging photocatalyst with promising prospect, but presently it still falls short on photocatalytic efficiency and photoresponsive range. We herein constructed a novel ternary heterostructure by hybridization of conducting polymer and semiconductor with CN. The exfoliated two dimension CN nanosheets (CN-NSs) are superior to bulk CN as both catalysts and supporting materials. Most recently, there are few reports involving the construction of heterojunction photocatalysts using CN-NSs as supports. The improvement of charge separation efficiency, specific surface area and visible light harvesting is simultaneously achieved in such a novel ternary heterostructure due to the synergetic effect of polyaniline (PANI) and ZnO coupling. As a result, the CN-NS/PANI/ZnO photocatalyst possesses excellent visible photocatalytic performance for MB and 4-CP degradation with a rate constant of 0.026 and 0.0049min(-1), which is about 3.6 and 3.3 times of CN, respectively. The enhanced mechanism is proposed based on the confirmation of OH and h(+) as main oxidative species. Overall, this work can not only yield high-efficient visible photocatalysts but also provide deeper insight into the enhanced mechanisms of CN-NS-based ternary heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannusamy Pandiselvi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Huaifang Fang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xiubo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaochan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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