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Zhang M, He H, Huang Y, Huang R, Wu Z, Liu X, Deng H. Machine learning integrated high quantum yield blue light carbon dots for real-time and on-site detection of Cr(VI) in groundwater and drinking water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166822. [PMID: 37683863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The safety of groundwater and drinking water is directly related to the well-being of human beings and ecosystems. On-site monitoring and timely response to heavy metals in these water sources are crucial for water supply security. Fluorescent probes combined with machine learning technology have been applied to on-site detection of heavy metals. However, they were primarily focused on industrial-level detection and lacked the sensitivity required for detecting Cr(VI) in groundwater and drinking water. In this study, we developed an machine learning-integrated approach using high-quantum-yield (QY) N-doped blue-light carbon dots (N-BCDs) for instant detection of Cr(VI) in groundwater and drinking water. N-BCDs were synthesized within 3 min using a household microwave oven with citric acid and 1,2-diaminobenzene, resulting in a QY of approximately 90 %. The fluorescence of N-BCDs was quenched via the internal filter effect (IFE), enabling the detection of Cr(VI) within 1 min, with a detection limit of 0.1574 μg L-1 for Cr(VI) concentrations ranging from 0 to 60 μg L-1. We employed machine learning methods to determine Cr(VI) concentrations from simple shots, based on the red-green-blue (RGB) feature and Kmeans feature extraction. These features were input into four models (Ridge, XGB, SVR, and Linear), achieving a fitness of 95.2 %. Furthermore, the accuracies for Cr(VI) concentration identification in actual groundwater and drinking water were as high as 95.71 % and 96.81 %, respectively. Our work successfully extended the detection range of Cr(VI) to the μg level, significantly improving the practical applicability of the method and providing a new approach for on-site detection of Cr(VI) in groundwater and drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haijun He
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Yanquan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Renfeng Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xueming Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hong Deng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Shaik MAS, Samanta D, Sharma AK, Shaw M, Prodhan S, Basu R, Mondal I, Singh S, Dutta PK, Pathak A. White light emission from helically stacked humin-mimic based H-aggregates in heteroatom free carbon dots. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19238-19254. [PMID: 37990573 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
White light emission (WLE), particularly from heteroatom free carbon dots (CDs), is unusual. Besides, deciphering the origin of WLE from a H-aggregated molecular fluorophore in such kinds of CDs is a challenging task due to their non-fluorescent character resulting from a forbidden transition from a lower-energy excitonic state. Therefore, rigorous investigation on their elusive excited state photophysical properties along with their steady-state optical phenomena has to be carried out to shed light on the nature of distinct emissive states formed in the CDs. Herein, for the first time, we report WLE from imperfect H-aggregates of co-facially π-π stacked humin-like structures comprising furfural monomer units as a unique molecular fluorophore in CDs, as revealed from combined spectroscopic and microscopic studies, synthesized through hydrothermal treatment of the single precursor, dextrose. H-aggregates in CDs show a broad range of excitation-dependent emission spectra with color coordinates close to pure white light, i.e., CIE (0.35, 0.37) and a color temperature of 6000 K. Imperfect orientation between the transition dipole moments of adjacent monomer units in the H-aggregate's molecular arrangement is expected to cause ground state symmetry breaking, as confirmed by Circular Dichroism (CD) studies, which established helically stacked nature in molecular aggregates and produced significant oscillatory strength at lower energy excitonic states to enable fluorescence. TRES and TAS investigations have been performed to minimise the intricacies associated with excited state photophysics, which is regarded as an essential step in gaining a grasp on emissive states. Based on the observation of two isoemissive spots in the time-resolved area normalized emission spectra (TRANES), the existence of three oligomeric species in the excited state equilibrium of the pure/hybrid H-aggregates has been established. The exciton dynamics through electron relaxation from the higher to the lower excitonic states, charge transfer (CT) states, and surface trap mediated emission in excimer states of H-aggregates have also been endorsed as three distinct emissive states from femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) studies corroborating with their steady-state absorption and emission behavior. The results would demonstrate the usage of CDs as a cutting-edge fluorescent material for creating aggregate-induced white light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Salam Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Dipanjan Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Ankit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Manisha Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Sayan Prodhan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Rajarshi Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Imran Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Shailab Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Dutta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Amita Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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3
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Yang L, Ma J, Yang B. Fluorescent Carbon Dots Derived From Soy Sauce for Picric Acid Detection and Cell Imaging. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:1981-1993. [PMID: 36933123 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Picric acid (PA) is a powerful nitro-aromatic explosive that harms the environment and human health. Developing non-toxic and low-cost sensors for the rapid detection of PA is essential. An environment-friendly fluorescent probe for PA detection is designed based on carbon dots (CDs) directly separated from edible soy sauce by silica gel column chromatography. Neither organic reagents nor heating process was needed to prepare CDs. The obtained CDs exhibit bright blue fluorescence, good water solubility, and photostability. The fluorescent probe for PA was developed according to the CD's fluorescence can be significantly quenched via the inner filter effect between CDs and PA. The linear range was 0.2-24 µM with a limit of detection of 70 nM. This proposed method was successfully employed to detect PA in the real water samples with satisfactory recoveries between 98.0-104.0%. Moreover, the CDs were suitable for fluorescence imaging of HeLa cells owing to their low toxicity and good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, 741001, Tianshui, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, 741001, Tianshui, Gansu, China.
| | - Benqun Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, 741001, Tianshui, Gansu, China
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4
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Liu G, Li B, Li J, Dong J, Baulin V, Feng Y, Jia D, Petrov YV, Tsivadze AY, Zhou Y. EGTA-Derived Carbon Dots with Bone-Targeting Ability: Target-Oriented Synthesis and Calcium Affinity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40163-40177. [PMID: 37603390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The bone-targeting mechanism of clinic bisphosphonate-type drugs, such as alendronate, risedronate, and ibandronate, relies on chelated calcium ions on the surface of the bone mineralized matrix for the treatment of osteoporosis. EGTA with aminocarboxyl chelating ligands can specifically chelate calcium ions. Inspired by the bone-targeting mechanism of bisphosphonates, we hypothesize that EGTA-derived carbon dots (EGTA-CDs) hold bone-targeting ability. For the target-oriented synthesis of EGTA-CDs and to endow CDs with bone targeting, we designed calcium ion chelating agents as precursors, including aminocarboxyl chelating agents (EGTA and EDTA) and bisphosphonate agents (ALN and HEDP) for the target-oriented synthesis of aminocarboxyl-derived CDs (EGTA-CDs and EDTA-CDs) and bisphosphonate-derived CDs (ALN-CDs and HEDP-CDs) with high synthetic yield. The synthetic yield of EGTA-CDs reached 87.6%. Aminocarboxyl-derived CDs and bisphosphonate-derived CDs retain the chelation ability of calcium ions and can specifically bind calcium ions. The chemical environment bone-targeting value coordination constant K and chelation sites of EGTA-CDs were 6.48 × 104 M-1 and 4.12, respectively. A novel method was established to demonstrate the bone-targeting capability of chelate-functionalized carbon dots using fluorescence quenching in a simulated bone trauma microenvironment. EGTA-CDs exhibit superior bone-targeting ability compared with other aminocarboxyl-derived CDs and bisphosphonate-derived CDs. EGTA-CDs display exceptional specificity toward calcium ions and better bone affinity than ALN-CDs, suggesting their potential as novel bone-targeting drugs. EGTA-CDs with strong calcium ion chelating ability have calcium ion affinity in simulated body fluid and bone-targeting ability in a simulated bone trauma microenvironment. These findings offer new avenues for the development of advanced bone-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxiong Liu
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Baoqiang Li
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Extreme Characteristics of Promising Nanostructured Materials, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Dong
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Vladimir Baulin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Yujie Feng
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dechang Jia
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yuri V Petrov
- Laboratory of Dynamics and Extreme Characteristics of Promising Nanostructured Materials, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu Tsivadze
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural-Functional Integration Materials & Green Manufacturing Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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5
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Malavika JP, Shobana C, Sundarraj S, Ganeshbabu M, Kumar P, Selvan RK. Green synthesis of multifunctional carbon quantum dots: An approach in cancer theranostics. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212756. [PMID: 35929302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained significant growing attention in the recent past due to their peculiar characteristics including smaller size, high surface area, photoluminescence, chemical stability, facile synthesis and functionalization possibilities. They are carbon nanostructures having less than 10 nm size with fluorescent properties. In recent years, the scientific community is curiously adopting biomass precursors for the preparation of CQDs over the chemical compounds. These biomass sources are sustainable, eco-friendly, inexpensive, widely available and convert waste into valuable materials. Hence in our work the fundamental understating of diverse fabrication methodologies of CQDs, and the types of raw materials employed in recent times, are all examined and correlated comprehensively. Their unique combination of remarkable properties, together with the ease with which they can be fabricated, makes CQDs as promising materials for applications in diverse biomedical fields, in particular for bio-imaging, targeted drug delivery and phototherapy for cancer treatment. The mechanism for luminescence is of considerable significance for leading the synthesis of CQDs with tunable fluorescence emission. Therefore, it is aimed to explore and provide an updated review on (i) the recent progress on the different synthesis methods of biomass-derived CQDs, (ii) the contribution of surface states or functional groups on the luminescence origin and (iii) its potential application for cancer theranostics, concentrating on their fluorescence properties. Finally, we explored the challenges in modification for the synthesis of CQDs from biomass derivatives and the future scope of CQDs in phototherapy for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaja Prasad Malavika
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellappan Shobana
- Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shenbagamoorthy Sundarraj
- Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivakasi - 626 124, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mariappan Ganeshbabu
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ponnuchamy Kumar
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Wang Z, Zhang L, Zhang K, Lu Y, Chen J, Wang S, Hu B, Wang X. Application of carbon dots and their composite materials for the detection and removal of radioactive ions: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132313. [PMID: 34592206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive ions with high-heat release or long half-life could cause long-term influence on environment and they might enter the food chain to damage human body for their toxicity and radioactivity. It is of great importance to develop methods and materials to detect and remove radioactive ions. Carbon dots and their composite materials has been applied widely in many fields due to their plentiful raw materials, facile synthesis and functional process, unique optical property and abundant functional groups. This comprehensive review focuses on the preparation of CDs and composite materials for the detection and adsorption of radioactive ions. Firstly, the recent-developed synthetic methods for CDs were summarized briefly, including hydrothermal/solvothermal, microwave, electrochemistry, microplasma, chemical oxidation methods, focusing on the influence of CDs properties. Secondly, the synthetic methods for CDs composite materials were classified to four categories and summarized generally. Thirdly, the application of CDs for radioactive ions detection and adsorption were explored and concluded including uranium, iodine, europium, strontium, samarium et al. Finally, the detection and adsorption mechanism for radioactive ions were searched and the perspective and outlook of CDs for detection and adsorption radioactive ions have been proposed based on our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China; College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Kangjie Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Yuexiang Lu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Shuqin Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China
| | - Baowei Hu
- College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China; College of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, PR China.
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7
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Kitchawengkul N, Prakobkij A, Anutrasakda W, Yodsin N, Jungsuttiwong S, Chunta S, Amatatongchai M, Jarujamrus P. Mimicking Peroxidase-Like Activity of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots (N-CDs) Coupled with a Laminated Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (Laminated 3D-μPAD) for Smart Sensing of Total Cholesterol from Whole Blood. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6989-6999. [PMID: 33909416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a simple hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs), fabrication of microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD), and their joint application for colorimetric determination of total cholesterol (TC) in human blood. The N-CDs were characterized by various techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and the optical and electronic properties of computational models were studied using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The characterization results confirmed the successful doping of nitrogen on the surface of carbon dots. The N-CDs exhibited high affinity toward 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt (ABTS) with the Michaelis-Menten constant (KM) of 0.018 mM in a test for their peroxidase-like activity. Particularly, since hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the oxidative product of cholesterol in the presence of cholesterol oxidase, a sensitive and selective method of cholesterol detection was developed. Overall, the obtained results from TD-DFT confirm the strong adsorption of H2O2 on the graphitic N positions of the N-CDs. The laminated three-dimensional (3D)-μPAD featuring a 6 mm circular detection zone was fabricated using a simple wax screen printing technique. Classification of TC according to the clinically relevant criteria (healthy, <5.2 mM; borderline, 5.2-6.2 mM; and high risk, >6.2 mM) could be determined by the naked eye within 10 min by simple comparison using a color chart. Overall, the proposed colorimetric device serves as a low-cost, rapid, simple, sensitive, and selective alternative for TC detection in whole blood samples that is friendly to unskilled end users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattasa Kitchawengkul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand.,Nanomaterials Science, Sensors & Catalysis for Problem-Based Projects, Faculty of Science Ubon, Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Akarapong Prakobkij
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand.,Nanomaterials Science, Sensors & Catalysis for Problem-Based Projects, Faculty of Science Ubon, Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Wipark Anutrasakda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuttapon Yodsin
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand.,Center for Organic Electronic and Alternative Energy, Department of Chemistry, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Jungsuttiwong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand.,Center for Organic Electronic and Alternative Energy, Department of Chemistry, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Suticha Chunta
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Maliwan Amatatongchai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand.,Nanomaterials Science, Sensors & Catalysis for Problem-Based Projects, Faculty of Science Ubon, Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Purim Jarujamrus
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand.,Nanomaterials Science, Sensors & Catalysis for Problem-Based Projects, Faculty of Science Ubon, Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
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8
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Deng Y, Qian J, Zhou Y, Lu F. Regulatory Preparation of N/S Doped Carbon Quantum Dots and Their Applications as Fe(III) Ion Sensors. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Deng
- School of Printing and PackagingWuhan University Wuhan 430079, Hubei China
| | - Jun Qian
- School of Printing and PackagingWuhan University Wuhan 430079, Hubei China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- School of Printing and PackagingWuhan University Wuhan 430079, Hubei China
| | - Fei Lu
- School of Printing and PackagingWuhan University Wuhan 430079, Hubei China
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9
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Wei J, Li Y, Dai D, Zhang F, Zou H, Yang X, Ji Y, Li B, Wei X. Surface Roughness: A Crucial Factor To Robust Electric Double Layer Capacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5786-5792. [PMID: 31971361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) usually show high rate performance and long cycling spans but inferior specific capacitance, which are mainly created by restriction of the charge storage mechanism. To improve the capacitive performance, traditional methods include enlarging surface area, optimizing porous structures, and readjusting functional groups through heteroatom doping to electrode materials. Besides that, another promising approach is suggested, which is to enhance surface roughness of the electrode materials for ion storage and transport. To prove this view, two porous carbon materials were fabricated by activation-calcination methods, which allowed the materials to have identical surface area, porous structures, and surface composition but the surface roughness. Further electrochemical measurements exhibited that the optimal sample with higher roughness has remarkable specific capacitance (up to 562 F g-1), and the increment rate is more than 50% when compared with contrast sample (367 F g-1). Therefore, optimization of the surface roughness of electrode materials is another efficient route to make robust EDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishi Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Yongbin Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Dai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Fengtao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Hongli Zou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Yahui Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Bao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , Henan 453007 , P. R. China
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10
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He X, Wang C, Huang X, Jin L, Chu X, Xie M, Nie Y, Xu Y, Peng Z, Zhang C, Lu J, Yang W. Carbon Nanolights in Piezopolymers are Self-Organizing Toward Color Tunable Luminous Hybrids for Kinetic Energy Harvesting. SMALL 2020; 16:e1905703. [PMID: 32003138 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an all-solid-state sequential self-organization and self-assembly process is reported for the in situ construction of a color tunable luminous inorganic/polymer hybrid with high direct piezoresponse. The primary inorganic self-organization in solid polymer and the subsequent polymer self-assembly are achieved at high pressure with the first utilization of piezo-copolymer (PVDF-TrFE) as the host matrix of guest carbon quantum dots (CQDs). This process induces the spontaneous formation of a highly ordered, microscale, polygonal, and hierarchically structured CQDs/PVDF-TrFE hybrid with multicolor photoluminescence, consisting of very thermodynamic stable polar crystalline nanowire arrays. The electrical polarization-free CQDs/PVDF-TrFE hybrids can efficiently harvest the environmental available kinetic mechanical energy with a new large-scale group-cooperation mechanism. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current outputs reach up to 29.6 V cm-2 and 550 nA cm-2 , respectively. The CQDs/PVDF-TrFE-based hybrid nanogenerator demonstrates drastically improved durable and reliable features during the real-time demonstration of powering commercial light emitting diodes. No attenuation/fluctuation of the electrical signals is observed for ≈10 000 continuous working cycles. This study may offer a new design concept for progressively but spontaneously constructing novel multiple self-adaptive complex inorganic/polymer hybrids that promise applications in the next generation of self-powered autonomous optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Meilin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Nie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
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11
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Papaioannou N, Titirici MM, Sapelkin A. Investigating the Effect of Reaction Time on Carbon Dot Formation, Structure, and Optical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21658-21665. [PMID: 31891043 PMCID: PMC6933582 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots, a young member of the carbon nanomaterial family, are quasi-spherical nanoparticles, which have fluorescent properties as their key characteristic. A wide range of starting materials and synthetic routes have been reported in the literature, divided into two main categories: a top-down and bottom-up approach. Moreover, a series of different parameters that affect the properties of carbon dots have been investigated, including temperature, starting pH, as well as precursor concentration. However, the effect of reaction time has not been extensively monitored. In our study, a biomass derivative was treated hydrothermally with varying reaction times to draw a solid formation mechanism. In addition, we monitored the effect of reaction time on optical and structural characteristics, as well as the chemical composition of our materials. Our key findings include a four-stage formation mechanism, a higher level of crystallinity, and an increasing brightness over reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Papaioannou
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University
of London, 327 Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- Materials
Research Institute and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, U.K.
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Materials
Research Institute and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrei Sapelkin
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University
of London, 327 Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- Materials
Research Institute and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1 4NS London, U.K.
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12
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Esfandiari N, Bagheri Z, Ehtesabi H, Fatahi Z, Tavana H, Latifi H. Effect of carbonization degree of carbon dots on cytotoxicity and photo-induced toxicity to cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02940. [PMID: 31872119 PMCID: PMC6909074 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pristine carbon dots (CDs) derived from citric acid pyrolysis are used in a variety of biomedical research such as imaging and drug delivery. However, potential cytotoxic effects of pyrolysis temperature on cells is underexplored. To address this need, we studied toxicity of the CDs to breast cancer cells using MTT and LDH assays. In addition, we investigated photo-induced cytotoxicity of the synthesized CDs in a wide concentration range under white light. RESULTS Our results suggest little cytotoxicity of the CDs after 24 h exposure of cells. Only the high quantum yield CDs caused a significant toxicity to cells at the highest concentrations of 2.0 and 1.5 mg/ml compared to other CDs at similar concentrations. The synthesized CDs entered the cells without any significant cytotoxicity. The CDs also caused a concentration- and irradiation time-dependent photo-induced cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION The optimization of synthesis conditions from this study may help develop safe and efficient CDs for imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Esfandiari
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bagheri
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamide Ehtesabi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Fatahi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44236, USA
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser & Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Kokorina AA, Bakal AA, Shpuntova DV, Kostritskiy AY, Beloglazova NV, De Saeger S, Sukhorukov GB, Sapelkin AV, Goryacheva IY. Gel electrophoresis separation and origins of light emission in fluorophores prepared from citric acid and ethylenediamine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14665. [PMID: 31605021 PMCID: PMC6789027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated light emission of hydrothermally treated citric acid and ethylenediamine (EDA) with various precursor ratios using gel-electrophoresis. We show that this relatively simple approach can deliver significant insights into the origins of photoluminescence. We found that products of the synthesis consist of both positively and negatively charged species and exhibit large dispersion in electrophoretic mobility (i.e. charge-to-size ratio). We observed that despite the large dispersion of the reaction products the blue light emission is confined to discrete bands clearly identifiable in the gel. We demonstrate clear evidence that this emission originates from the negatively charged light molecular fraction with the highest mobility which shows no excitation-dependent light emission. This molecular fluorophore exhibits spectral characteristics similar to previously reported 1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-5-oxo-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid (IPCA). Secondary gel electrophoresis run performed on the bands extracted from the first run indicates that no further separation takes place. On the basis of our experimental results, we conclude that relatively stable binding exists between IPCA and EDA-derived product. Thus, the products of the reaction contain IPCA both in molecular form and in complexes with EDA-derived products. We conclude that excitation-dependent emission is related to the fluorophore binding to the positively charged EDA-derived products with a positive charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina A Kokorina
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya, 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Artem A Bakal
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya, 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Daria V Shpuntova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya, 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | | | - Natalia V Beloglazova
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya, 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
- Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioanalysis, Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioanalysis, Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gleb B Sukhorukov
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya, 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Andrei V Sapelkin
- Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya, 83, Saratov, 410012, Russia.
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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14
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Luan P, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Bach U, Zhang J. Dual Quantum Dot-Decorated Bismuth Vanadate Photoanodes for Highly Efficient Solar Water Oxidation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1240-1245. [PMID: 30684303 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced charge separation and photon absorption play important roles in determining the performance of the photoelectrocatalytic water splitting process. In this work, we utilize dual quantum dots (QDs), consisting of BiVO4 and carbon, to fabricate a hybrid homojunction-based BiVO4 photoanode for efficient and stable solar water oxidation. Formation of homojunctions, by decorating as-prepared BiVO4 substrate with BiVO4 QDs, enhances the charge separation efficiency by 1.3 times. This enhancement originates from lattice match, which benefits charge transfer across the interface. Furthermore, the use of carbon QDs as a stable photosensitizer effectively extends the photon absorption limit from 520 nm to over 700 nm, yielding an incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of 6.0 %, even at 600 nm at 1.23 V versus RHE. Finally, a remarkable photocurrent density of 6.1 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V was recorded after depositing FeOOH/NiOOH as cocatalysts, thereby, reaching 82 % of the theoretical efficiency for BiVO4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luan
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Zhijun Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Udo Bach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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15
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Ren J, Weber F, Weigert F, Wang Y, Choudhury S, Xiao J, Lauermann I, Resch-Genger U, Bande A, Petit T. Influence of surface chemistry on optical, chemical and electronic properties of blue luminescent carbon dots. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2056-2064. [PMID: 30644938 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08595a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots have attracted much attention due to their unique optical, chemical and electronic properties enabling a wide range of applications. The properties of carbon dots can be effectively adjusted through modifying their chemical composition. However, a major challenge remains in understanding the core and surface contributions to optical and electronic transitions. Here, three blue luminescent carbon dots with carboxyl, amino and hydroxyl groups were comprehensively characterized by UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The influence of the surface functionality on their fluorescence was probed by pH-dependent photoluminescence measurements. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding interactions between water and the surface groups of carbon dots were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Our results show that both core and surface electronic states of blue luminescent carbon dots contribute to electronic acceptor levels while the chemical nature of the surface groups determines the hydrogen bonding behavior of the carbon dots. This comprehensive spectroscopic study demonstrates that the surface chemistry has a profound influence on the electronic configuration and surface-water interaction of carbon dots, thus affecting their photoluminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- Institut Methoden der Materialentwicklung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Deeney C, Wang S, Belhout SA, Gowen A, Rodriguez BJ, Redmond G, Quinn SJ. Templated microwave synthesis of luminescent carbon nanofibers. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12907-12917. [PMID: 35541241 PMCID: PMC9079752 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon based nanomaterials offer the potential to provide solutions to key technological challenges. This work describes the preparation of luminescent carbon nanofibers by template-assisted microwave pyrolysis of environmentally friendly precursors, citric acid and polyethyleneimine, in aqueous solution. SEM reveals a dense forest of vertically aligned cylindrical carbon nanofibers with an average diameter of ca. 200 nm, which are shown by TEM to be amorphous. Compositional analysis indicated the incorporation of amino and pyrrolic nitrogen, and carbon-oxygen moieties. These species contribute to UV light absorption with an absorption shoulder and tail towards visible wavelengths. UV excitation gave visible (blue) emission at ca. 450 nm with a quantum yield of ca. 5%; emission decay under pulsed excitation was predominantly mono-exponential with a lifetime of ca. 1 ns. The emission maximum is largely excitation wavelength independent suggesting the involvement of citrazinic acid-type functionalities in the fiber photophysics. Reversible pH-dependent excitation and emission behaviour was observed, with maximum emission at ca. pH 7. Nanofiber emission was also quenched in aqueous solutions of metal cations, in a concentration-dependent manner. Single nanofiber emission intensity was quite stable under continuous excitation permitting single fiber quenching-based metal ion detection whereby a significant (>90%) and prompt (sub-10 s) quenching was observed upon exposure to sub-millimolar Fe(iii) solutions. The introduction of these new 1D luminescent carbon nanofibers offers the potential for exciting developments across a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Deeney
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Suxiao Wang
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei University Wuhan 430062 China
| | - Samir A Belhout
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Aoife Gowen
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | | | - Gareth Redmond
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Susan J Quinn
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland
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17
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Lv H, Gao X, Xu Q, Liu H, Wang YG, Xia Y. Carbon Quantum Dot-Induced MnO 2 Nanowire Formation and Construction of a Binder-Free Flexible Membrane with Excellent Superhydrophilicity and Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40394-40403. [PMID: 29072448 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Manganese oxides (MnO2) are regarded as typical and promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. However, the practical electrochemical performance of MnO2 is far from its theoretical value. Nowadays, numerous efforts are being devoted to the design and preparation of nanostructured MnO2 with the aim of improving its electrochemical properties. In this work, ultralong MnO2 nanowires were fabricated in a process induced by carbon quantum dots (CQDs); subsequently, a binder-free flexible electrode membrane was easily obtained by vacuum filtration of the MnO2 nanowires. The effects of the CQDs not only induced the formation of one-dimensional nanostructured MnO2, but also significantly improved the wettability between electrode and electrolyte. In other words, the MnO2 membrane demonstrated a superhydrophilic character in aqueous solution, indicating the sufficient and abundant contact probability between electrode and electrolyte. The binder-free flexible MnO2 electrode exhibited a preeminent specific capacitance of 340 F g-1 at 1 A g-1; even when the current density reached 20 A g-1, it still maintained 260 F g-1 (76% retention rate compared to that at 1 A g-1). Moreover, it also showed good cycling stability with 80.1% capacity retention over 10 000 cycles at 1 A g-1. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor was constructed using the MnO2 membrane and active carbon as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, which exhibited a high energy density of 33.6 Wh kg-1 at 1.0 kW kg-1, and a high power density of 10 kW kg-1 at 12.5 Wh kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xiujiao Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Qunjie Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Haimei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power , Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yong-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongyao Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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18
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Ding H, Wei JS, Zhong N, Gao QY, Xiong HM. Highly Efficient Red-Emitting Carbon Dots with Gram-Scale Yield for Bioimaging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12635-12642. [PMID: 29039949 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a new class of photoluminescent (PL), biocompatible, environment-friendly, and low-cost carbon nanomaterials. Synthesis of highly efficient red-emitting carbon dots (R-CDs) on a gram scale is a great challenge at present, which heavily restricts the wide applications of CDs in the bioimaging field. Herein, R-CDs with a high quantum yield (QY) of 53% are produced on a gram scale by heating a formamide solution of citric acid and ethylenediamine. The as-prepared R-CDs have an average size of 4.1 nm and a nitrogen content of about 30%, with an excitation-independent emission at 627 nm. After detailed characterizations, such strong red fluorescence is ascribed to the contribution from the nitrogen- and oxygen-related surface states and the nitrogen-derived structures in the R-CD cores. Our R-CDs show good photostability and low cytotoxicity, and thus they are excellent red fluorescence probes for bioimaging both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology , Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Shi Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhong
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology , Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology , Xuzhou 221008, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Ming Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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19
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Zhou Y, Sharma SK, Peng Z, Leblanc RM. Polymers in Carbon Dots: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E67. [PMID: 30970747 PMCID: PMC6432044 DOI: 10.3390/polym9020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have been widely studied since their discovery in 2004 as a green substitute of the traditional quantum dots due to their excellent photoluminescence (PL) and high biocompatibility. Meanwhile, polymers have increasingly become an important component for both synthesis and modification of CDs to provide polymeric matrix and enhance their PL property. Furthermore, critical analysis of composites of CDs and polymers has not been available. Herein, in this review, we summarized the use of polymers in the synthesis and functionalization of CDs, and the applications of these CDs in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Shiv K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Zhili Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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20
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Wang W, Wang B, Embrechts H, Damm C, Cadranel A, Strauss V, Distaso M, Hinterberger V, Guldi DM, Peukert W. Shedding light on the effective fluorophore structure of high fluorescence quantum yield carbon nanodots. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04421f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique luminescence properties of carbon nanodots (CDs) originate from pyridone-like fluorophores bound to carbon core.
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21
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Suvarnaphaet P, Tiwary CS, Wetcharungsri J, Porntheeraphat S, Hoonsawat R, Ajayan PM, Tang IM, Asanithi P. Blue photoluminescent carbon nanodots from limeade. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:914-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Wei JS, Ding H, Zhang P, Song YF, Chen J, Wang YG, Xiong HM. Carbon Dots/NiCo 2 O 4 Nanocomposites with Various Morphologies for High Performance Supercapacitors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5927-5934. [PMID: 27717150 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of carbon dots/NiCo2 O4 composites with various morphologies are prepared and tested for supercapacitors. These samples have good electrical conductivities and efficient ions transport paths, so they exhibit high specific capacitances, superior rate performances, and high cycling stabilities. The optimal composite for hybrid supercapacitor exhibits a high energy density up to 62.0 Wh kg-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Shi Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Fang Song
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Ming Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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23
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Hou J, Wang W, Zhou T, Wang B, Li H, Ding L. Synthesis and formation mechanistic investigation of nitrogen-doped carbon dots with high quantum yields and yellowish-green fluorescence. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11185-93. [PMID: 27180833 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02701f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom doped carbon dots (CDs) have received increasing attention due to their unique properties and related applications. However, previously reported CDs generally show strong emission only in the blue-light region, thus restricting their further applications. And the fundamental investigation on the preparation process is always neglected. Herein, we have developed a simple and solvent-free synthetic strategy to fabricate nitrogen-doped CDs (N-CDs) from citric acid and dicyandiamide. The as-prepared N-CDs exhibited a uniform size distribution, strong yellowish-green fluorescence emission and a high quantum yield of 73.2%. The products obtained at different formation stages were detailedly characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV absorbance spectroscopy. A possible formation mechanism has thus been proposed including dehydration, polymerization and carbonization. Furthermore, the N-CDs could serve as a facile and label-free probe for the detection of iron and fluorine ions with detection limits of 50 nmol L(-1) and 75 nmol L(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hou
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China. dinglan@ jlu.edu.cn
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24
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Ding H, Yu SB, Wei JS, Xiong HM. Full-Color Light-Emitting Carbon Dots with a Surface-State-Controlled Luminescence Mechanism. ACS NANO 2016; 10:484-91. [PMID: 26646584 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1104] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) with tunable photoluminescence (PL) and a quantum yield of up to 35% in water were hydrothermally synthesized in one pot and separated via silica column chromatography. These separated CDs emitted bright and stable luminescence in gradient colors from blue to red under a single-wavelength UV light. They exhibited high optical uniformity; that is, every sample showed only one peak in the PL excitation spectrum, only one peak in the excitation-independent PL emission spectrum, and similar monoexponential fluorescence lifetimes. Although these samples had similar distributions of particle size and graphite structure in their carbon cores, the surface state gradually varied among the samples, especially the degree of oxidation. Therefore, the observed red shift in their emission peaks from 440 to 625 nm was ascribed to a gradual reduction in their band gaps with the increasing incorporation of oxygen species into their surface structures. These energy bands were found to depend on the surface groups and structures but not on the particle size, not as in traditional semiconductor quantum dots. In addition, because of their excellent PL properties and low cytotoxicity, these CDs could be used to image cells in different colors under a single-wavelength light source, and the red-emitting CDs could be used to image live mice because of the strong penetration capability of their fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Shang-Bo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Shi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Ming Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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25
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Reckmeier CJ, Schneider J, Susha AS, Rogach AL. Luminescent colloidal carbon dots: optical properties and effects of doping [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A312-40. [PMID: 26832584 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We review the effect of doping on the optical properties of luminescent colloidal carbon dots. They are considered as a hybrid material featuring both molecular and semiconductor-like characteristics, where doping plays an important role. Starting from the short overview of synthetic strategies, we consider the evolution of carbon dots from molecular precursors to fluorescent nanoparticles, and the relevant structural properties of carbon dots. Choice of the reactant materials, dopant atoms and reaction parameters provide carbon dots with varying optical properties. High chemical stability, bright luminescence and customizable surface functionalization of carbon dots open their use in a broad range of applications, which are exemplary presented at the end of this review.
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26
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Li B, Guo Y, Iqbal A, Dong Y, Li W, Liu W, Qin W, Wang Y. Insight into excitation-related luminescence properties of carbon dots: synergistic effect from photoluminescence centers in the carbon core and on the surface. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20562c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
EDE and EIE properties of CDs attribute to the synergistic effect from PL centers in the carbon core and on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
| | - Yali Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Anam Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Yaping Dong
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xining
- P. R. China
| | - Wu Li
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xining
- P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Wenwu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xining
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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27
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Liu R, Zhang H, Liu S, Zhang X, Wu T, Ge X, Zang Y, Zhao H, Wang G. Shrimp-shell derived carbon nanodots as carbon and nitrogen sources to fabricate three-dimensional N-doped porous carbon electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:4095-101. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06970j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3D N-doped porous carbon material was successfully fabricated by a simple template-assisted pyrolysis method, exhibiting superior ORR catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Haimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shengwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Tianxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yipeng Zang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Guozhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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