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Moreno LM, Quiroga J, Abonia R, Crespo MDP, Aranaga C, Martínez-Martínez L, Sortino M, Barreto M, Burbano ME, Insuasty B. Synthesis of Novel Triazine-Based Chalcones and 8,9-dihydro-7 H-pyrimido[4,5- b][1,4]diazepines as Potential Leads in the Search of Anticancer, Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3623. [PMID: 38612435 PMCID: PMC11012124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis of four series of novel hybrid chalcones (20,21)a-g and (23,24)a-g and six series of 1,3,5-triazine-based pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepines (28-33)a-g and the evaluation of their anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic properties. Chalcones 20b,d, 21a,b,d, 23a,d-g, 24a-g and the pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepines 29e,g, 30g, 31a,b,e-g, 33a,b,e-g exhibited outstanding anticancer activity against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines with GI50 values between 0.01 and 100 μM and LC50 values in the range of 4.09 μM to >100 μM, several of such derivatives showing higher activity than the standard drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). On the other hand, among the synthesized compounds, the best antibacterial properties against N. gonorrhoeae, S. aureus (ATCC 43300), and M. tuberculosis were exhibited by the pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepines (MICs: 0.25-62.5 µg/mL). The antifungal activity studies showed that triazinylamino-chalcone 29e and triazinyloxy-chalcone 31g were the most active compounds against T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes and A. fumigatus, respectively (MICs = 62.5 μg/mL). Hemolytic activity studies and in silico toxicity analysis demonstrated that most of the compounds are safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leydi M. Moreno
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia; (J.Q.); (R.A.)
| | - Jairo Quiroga
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia; (J.Q.); (R.A.)
| | - Rodrigo Abonia
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia; (J.Q.); (R.A.)
| | - María del P. Crespo
- Grupo de Biotecnología e Infecciones Bacterianas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia;
- Grupo de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia; (M.B.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Carlos Aranaga
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología (QUIBIO), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia;
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Escuela de Biomedicina, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Unidad de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Departamento de Química Agrícola, Edafología y Microbiología, Universidad de Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Maximiliano Sortino
- Área de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina;
| | - Mauricio Barreto
- Grupo de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia; (M.B.); (M.E.B.)
| | - María E. Burbano
- Grupo de Microbiología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia; (M.B.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia; (J.Q.); (R.A.)
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Peng X, Liu X, Tan L. Interaction of ruthenium(Ⅱ) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(phen)2(L)]2+ (L = PIP, p-HPIP and m-HPIP) with RNA poly(A)•poly(U): each complex unexpectedly exhibiting a destabilizing effect on RNA. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106523. [PMID: 37027949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
To further explore the binding properties of Ru(Ⅱ) polypyridine complexes with RNA, three Ru(Ⅱ) complexes [Ru(phen)2(PIP)]2+ (Ru1), [Ru(phen)2(p-HPIP)]2+ (Ru2), and [Ru(phen)2(m- HPIP)]2+ (Ru3) have been synthesized and characterized in this work. The binding properties of three Ru(Ⅱ) complexes with RNA duplex poly(A)•poly(U) have been investigated by spectral and viscosity experiments. These studies all support that these three Ru(Ⅱ) complexes bind to poly RNA duplex poly(A)•poly(U) by intercalation, and Ru1 without substituents has a stronger binding affinity for poly(A)•poly(U). Interestingly, the thermal melting experiments show that these three Ru(Ⅱ) complexes all destabilize RNA duplex poly(A)•poly(U), and the destabilizing effect can be explained by the conformational changes of duplex structure induced by intercalating agents. To the best of our knowledge, this work report for the first time a small molecule capable of destabilizing an RNA duplex, which reflects that the substitution effect of intercalated ligands has an important influence on the affinity of Ru(Ⅱ) complexes to RNA duplex, and that not all Ru(Ⅱ) complexes show thermal stability effects on an RNA duplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Peng
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Academic Affairs Office, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Tan
- Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, XiangtanUniversity, Xiangtan 411105, Peoples Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Peoples Republic of China.
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Ahmadi Oskooei F, Mehrzad J, Asoodeh A, Motavalizadehkakhky A. Multi-spectroscopic characteristics of olive oil-based Quercetin nanoemulsion (QuNE) interactions with calf thymus DNA and its anticancer activity. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Investigations of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of β-lactam morpholino-1,3,5-triazine hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115408. [PMID: 32165076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article reports for the first time the synthesis of some novel β-lactam morpholino-1,3,5-triazine hybrids by a [2+2]-cycloaddition reaction of imines 7a-c, 9a-c and 11 with ketenes derived from substituted acetic acids. The reaction was totally diastereoselective, leading exclusively to the formation of cis-β-lactams 8a-l, 10a-f and 12a-c. The synthesized compounds were tested for activity towards SW1116, MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines and non-cancerous HEK-293 cell line by MTT assay. None of the compounds exert an observable effect on HepG2, MCF-7 and HEK-293 cells, but compounds 7b, 8f, 8g, 8l, 10c, and 10e exhibited excellent growth inhibitory activity (IC50 < 5 µM) against SW 1116 cells, comparable to that of doxorubicin (IC50 = 6.9 µM). An evaluation of the antioxidant potential of each of the compounds, performed by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, indicated that 7b, 9a, 9b and 9c have strong free radical scavenging activity. UV absorption titration studies reveal that 7b, 8l, 8g and 8f interact strongly with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) in the order of 8l > 7b > 8f > 8g. Collectively, the in vitro capabilities of some of these morpholino-triazine imines and β-lactams suggest possible applications to development of new antioxidants and DNA binding therapeutics.
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New Palladium(II), Platinum(II) and Silver(I) complexes of 2-amino-4,6-dithio-1,3,5-triazine; synthesis, characterization and DNA binding properties. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Nasir MH, Jabeen E, Qureshi R, Ansari FL, Shaukat A, Nasir U, Ahmed A. Investigation of redox mechanism and DNA binding of novel 2-(x-nitrophenyl)-5-nitrobenzimidazole (x = 2, 3 and 4). Biophys Chem 2019; 258:106316. [PMID: 31986436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2019.106316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the investigation of the binding modes of potential anti-cancerous nitrophenyl derivatives of 2-(x-nitrophenyl)-5-nitrobenzimidazole with calf thymus DNA. The -2-(x-nitrophenyl)-5-nitrobenzimidazoles under investigation differ only in position x of nitro group in nitrophenyl substituent relative to benzimidazole moiety leading to 1-NPNB (x = 2), 2-NPNB (x = 3) and 3-NPNB (x = 4). The DFT calculations predicted that derivatives were electrochemically reducible which was then confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. In cyclic voltammetry, the second reversible peak was dependent on first irreversible reduction. This revealed that electrochemical irreversible process was governed by some other process which was then followed by reversible second electron transfer. Thus, ECE (electron transfer leading to coupled chemical reaction followed by another electron transfer process) mechanism was attributed for electrochemical reduction. Experimental results based on UV-Vis spectroscopy vaguely showed intercalation of 1-NPNB, 2-NPNB and 3-NPNB into DNA which was assisted by cyclic voltammetry. However, thermal melting and florescence spectroscopy unambiguously established intercalation for all three compounds. Molecular docking analysis ascertained in pocket stacking of 5-nitrobenzimidazole moiety in 1-NPNB and 2-NPNB while nitro phenyl substitution in 3-NPNB stacks between DNA base pair during intercalation which was in agreement with DFT computed molecular geometry. Therefore, the relative positions of nitro group and 5-nitrobenzimidazole moieties in 2-(x-nitrophenyl)- 5-nitrobenzimidazole influenced the DNA binding pattern of compounds during intercalation. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was comparable to standard drug doxorubicin against both cancerous (MCF-7) and normal (MCF-10A) breast cells which depicts their anti-cancerous potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish H Nasir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Erum Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rumana Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana L Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Shaukat
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Nasir
- Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSAT Institute of IT, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Bistrović A, Krstulović L, Stolić I, Drenjančević D, Talapko J, Taylor MC, Kelly JM, Bajić M, Raić-Malić S. Synthesis, anti-bacterial and anti-protozoal activities of amidinobenzimidazole derivatives and their interactions with DNA and RNA. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1323-1334. [PMID: 30165753 PMCID: PMC6127852 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1484733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amidinobenzimidazole derivatives connected to 1-aryl-substituted 1,2,3-triazole through phenoxymethylene linkers 7a-7e, 8a-8e, and 9a-9e were designed and synthesised with the aim of evaluating their anti-bacterial and anti-trypanosomal activities and DNA/RNA binding affinity. Results from anti-bacterial evaluations of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria revealed that both o-chlorophenyl-1,2,3-triazole and N-isopropylamidine moieties in 8c led to strong inhibitory activity against resistant Gram-positive bacteria, particularly the MRSA strain. Furthermore, the non-substituted amidine and phenyl ring in 7a induced a marked anti-bacterial effect, with potency against ESBL-producing Gram-negative E. coli better than those of the antibiotics ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. UV-Vis and CD spectroscopy, as well as thermal denaturation assays, indicated that compounds 7a and 8c showed also binding affinities towards ctDNA. Anti-trypanosomal evaluations showed that the p-methoxyphenyl-1,2,3-triazole moiety in 7b and 9b enhanced inhibitory activity against T. brucei, with 8b being more potent than nifurtimox, and having minimal toxicity towards mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bistrović
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Krstulović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Stolić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drenjančević
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Talapko
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martin C. Taylor
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - John M. Kelly
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Miroslav Bajić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Afrin S, Rahman Y, Sarwar T, Husain MA, Ali A, Tabish M. Molecular spectroscopic and thermodynamic studies on the interaction of anti-platelet drug ticlopidine with calf thymus DNA. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 186:66-75. [PMID: 28614751 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ticlopidine is an anti-platelet drug which belongs to the thienopyridine structural family and exerts its effect by functioning as an ADP receptor inhibitor. Ticlopidine inhibits the expression of TarO gene in S. aureus and may provide protection against MRSA. Groove binding agents are known to disrupt the transcription factor DNA complex and consequently inhibit gene expression. Understanding the mechanism of interaction of ticlopidine with DNA can prove useful in the development of a rational drug designing system. At present, there is no such study on the interaction of anti-platelet drugs with nucleic acids. A series of biophysical experiments were performed to ascertain the binding mode between ticlopidine and calf thymus DNA. UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopic experiments confirmed the formation of a complex between ticlopidine and calf thymus DNA. Moreover, the values of binding constant were found to be in the range of 103M-1, which is indicative of groove binding between ticlopidine and calf thymus DNA. These results were further confirmed by studying the effect of denaturation on double stranded DNA, iodide quenching, viscometric studies, thermal melting profile as well as CD spectral analysis. The thermodynamic profile of the interaction was also determined using isothermal titration calorimetric studies. The reaction was found to be endothermic and the parameters obtained were found to be consistent with those of known groove binders. In silico molecular docking studies further corroborated well with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Afrin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - Yusra Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - Tarique Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - Mohammed Amir Husain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - Abad Ali
- Steroid Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohammad Tabish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India.
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Husain MA, Ishqi HM, Sarwar T, Rehman SU, Tabish M. Interaction of indomethacin with calf thymus DNA: a multi-spectroscopic, thermodynamic and molecular modelling approach. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1283-1296. [PMID: 30108839 PMCID: PMC6072532 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00094d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indomethacin belongs to the acetic acid derivative class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with diverse pharmacological and biological activities. Understanding the mechanism of interaction of drugs with possible target and off-target biomolecules can prove useful in the development of a rational drug designing system. In this paper, we have attempted to ascertain the mode of binding of indomethacin with calf thymus DNA (Ct-DNA) through various biophysical techniques and in silico molecular docking. Analysis of the UV-visible absorbance spectra and fluorescence emission profile of indomethacin upon addition of Ct-DNA indicates the formation of a drug-DNA complex. UV-visible absorbance and steady state fluorescence experiments revealed a binding constant on the order of 103 L mol-1, which is consistent with those of well-known groove binders. Competitive displacement studies with ethidium bromide, acridine orange and Hoechst 33258 further suggested that indomethacin binds to the minor groove of the Ct-DNA. The above observations were further confirmed by KI induced quenching experiments, DNA melting studies, CD spectral analysis and viscosity measurements. The thermodynamic parameters like spontaneous free energy (ΔG < 0) and large favourable enthalpy (ΔH < 0) obtained from isothermal calorimetry indicated the involvement of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces in the binding process. Molecular docking further corroborated the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Amir Husain
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Life Sciences , A.M. University , Aligarh , U.P. 202002 , India . ; Tel: +91 9634780818
| | - Hassan Mubarak Ishqi
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Life Sciences , A.M. University , Aligarh , U.P. 202002 , India . ; Tel: +91 9634780818
| | - Tarique Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Life Sciences , A.M. University , Aligarh , U.P. 202002 , India . ; Tel: +91 9634780818
| | - Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Life Sciences , A.M. University , Aligarh , U.P. 202002 , India . ; Tel: +91 9634780818
| | - Mohammad Tabish
- Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Life Sciences , A.M. University , Aligarh , U.P. 202002 , India . ; Tel: +91 9634780818
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