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Ezenwa BN, Fajolu IB, Pius S, Ezeanosike OB, Iloh K, Umoru D, Tongo O, Abdulkadir I, Okolo AA, Nabwera HM, Oleolo-Ayodeji K, Daniel N, Abubakar I, Obu C, Onwe-Ogah E, Daniyan O, Adeke A, Nwegbu O, Bisumang JD, Hassan L, Abdullahi F, Mohammad A, Nasir U, Ezeaka VC, Allen S. Marked variability in institutional deliveries and neonatal outcomes during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2023; 117:780-787. [PMID: 37264932 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the interventions to mitigate its spread impacted access to healthcare, including hospital births and newborn care. This study evaluated the impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on newborn service utilization in Nigeria. METHODS The records of women who delivered in hospitals and babies admitted to neonatal wards were retrospectively reviewed before (March 2019-February 2020) and during (March 2020-February 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in selected facilities in Nigeria. RESULTS There was a nationwide reduction in institutional deliveries during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Nigeria, with 14 444 before and 11 723 during the lockdown-a decrease of 18.8%. The number of preterm admissions decreased during the lockdown period (30.6% during lockdown vs 32.6% pre-lockdown), but the percentage of outborn preterm admissions remained unchanged. Newborn admissions varied between zones with no consistent pattern. Although neonatal jaundice and prematurity remained the most common reasons for admission, severe perinatal asphyxia increased by nearly 50%. Neonatal mortality was significantly higher during the COVID-19 lockdown compared with pre-lockdown (110.6/1000 [11.1%] vs 91.4/1000 [9.1%], respectively; p=0.01). The odds of a newborn dying were about four times higher if delivered outside the facility during the lockdown (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 lockdown had markedly deleterious effects on healthcare seeking for deliveries and neonatal care that varied between zones with no consistent pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice N Ezenwa
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Iretiola B Fajolu
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Simon Pius
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Obumneme B Ezeanosike
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Kenechukwu Iloh
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Dominic Umoru
- Department of Paediatrics, Maitama District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi Tongo
- Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Isa Abdulkadir
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Angela A Okolo
- Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Helen M Nabwera
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Centre of Excellence for Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Nelson Daniel
- Department of Paediatrics, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ismaela Abubakar
- Insilico Unit, Cancer Therapeutic, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Chinwe Obu
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Onwe-Ogah
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Olapeju Daniyan
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Azuka Adeke
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Obinna Nwegbu
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - J D Bisumang
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Laila Hassan
- Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fatimah Abdullahi
- Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Aisha Mohammad
- Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Usman Nasir
- Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Veronica Chinyere Ezeaka
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Allen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, Edwards Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia
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Kopp VI, Park J, Zhang J, Singer J, Neugroschl D, Oda T, Mukai O, Nasir U. Ultra-dense, 1152-core, broadband multicore fiber link deployed in a metro network. Opt Express 2023; 31:5794-5800. [PMID: 36823851 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We have designed, developed, and deployed the world's first ultra-dense space division-multiplexing multicore fiber link in a conduit of a metro network. In a 10-mm-diameter fiber optic-cable, 288 4-core multicore fibers are arranged in 24 200-µm spiderweb collapsible ribbons. The multicore fibers are fusion-spliced to 576 fanout devices which provide conventional single-core interfaces at patch panels at both ends of the link.
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Nasir MH, Jabeen E, Qureshi R, Ansari FL, Shaukat A, Nasir U, Ahmed A. Investigation of redox mechanism and DNA binding of novel 2-(x-nitrophenyl)-5-nitrobenzimidazole (x = 2, 3 and 4). Biophys Chem 2019; 258:106316. [PMID: 31986436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2019.106316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the investigation of the binding modes of potential anti-cancerous nitrophenyl derivatives of 2-(x-nitrophenyl)-5-nitrobenzimidazole with calf thymus DNA. The -2-(x-nitrophenyl)-5-nitrobenzimidazoles under investigation differ only in position x of nitro group in nitrophenyl substituent relative to benzimidazole moiety leading to 1-NPNB (x = 2), 2-NPNB (x = 3) and 3-NPNB (x = 4). The DFT calculations predicted that derivatives were electrochemically reducible which was then confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. In cyclic voltammetry, the second reversible peak was dependent on first irreversible reduction. This revealed that electrochemical irreversible process was governed by some other process which was then followed by reversible second electron transfer. Thus, ECE (electron transfer leading to coupled chemical reaction followed by another electron transfer process) mechanism was attributed for electrochemical reduction. Experimental results based on UV-Vis spectroscopy vaguely showed intercalation of 1-NPNB, 2-NPNB and 3-NPNB into DNA which was assisted by cyclic voltammetry. However, thermal melting and florescence spectroscopy unambiguously established intercalation for all three compounds. Molecular docking analysis ascertained in pocket stacking of 5-nitrobenzimidazole moiety in 1-NPNB and 2-NPNB while nitro phenyl substitution in 3-NPNB stacks between DNA base pair during intercalation which was in agreement with DFT computed molecular geometry. Therefore, the relative positions of nitro group and 5-nitrobenzimidazole moieties in 2-(x-nitrophenyl)- 5-nitrobenzimidazole influenced the DNA binding pattern of compounds during intercalation. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was comparable to standard drug doxorubicin against both cancerous (MCF-7) and normal (MCF-10A) breast cells which depicts their anti-cancerous potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish H Nasir
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Erum Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rumana Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana L Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Shaukat
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Nasir
- Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSAT Institute of IT, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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