1
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Chu JM, Baizhigitova D, Nguyen V, Zhang Y. Reusable HNO Sensors Derived from Cu Cyclam: A DFT Study on the Mechanistic Origin of High Reactivity and Favorable Conformation Changes and Potential Improvements. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3586-3598. [PMID: 38307037 PMCID: PMC10880060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) exhibits unique favorable properties in regulating biological and pharmacological activities. However, currently, there is only one Cu-based HNO sensor that can be recycled for reusable detection, which is a Cu cyclam derivative with a mixed thia/aza ligand. To elucidate the missing mechanistic origin of its high HNO reactivity and subsequent favorable conformation change toward a stable CuI product that is critical to be oxidized back by the physiological O2 level for HNO detection again, a density functional theory (DFT) computational study was performed. It not only reproduced experimental structural and reaction properties but also, more importantly, revealed an unknown role of the coordination atom in high reactivity. Its conformation change mechanism was found to not follow the previously proposed one but involve a novel favorable rotation pathway. Several newly designed complexes incorporating beneficial effects of coordination atoms and substituents to further enhance HNO reactivity while maintaining or even improving favorable conformation changes for reusable HNO detection were computationally validated. These novel results will facilitate the future development of reusable HNO sensors for true spatiotemporal resolution and repeated detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Chu
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Dariya Baizhigitova
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Vy Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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2
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Jiang J, Li ZW, Zhang ZZ, Tan B, Wu ZF, Huang XY. The {Cu 2I 2} cluster bearing metal organic frameworks: crystal structures and fluorescence detecting performances towards cysteine and explosive molecules. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:706-714. [PMID: 38084056 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03363e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Two {Cu2I2} cluster-bearing metal organic frameworks (MOFs) of {[Eu(CuI)2(INA)3DMF]·0.95DMF}n (Eu-CuI-INA) and {K[(CH3)2NH2]Sr4(INA)2(DMF)2{(Cu2I2)2(INA)8}·2H2O}n (Sr-K-CuI-INA, HINA = isonicotinic acid, DMF = N,N-dimethyl formamide) were prepared and characterized in this work. Both materials feature a three-dimensional (3-D) structure, in which the {Cu2I2} clusters and Eu3+ (or Sr2+) metal ions are coordinated by INA- ligands with pyridine and carboxylic groups, respectively. Impressively, Sr-K-CuI-INA exhibits sensitive fluorescence sensing behaviors towards cysteine and nitro-bearing molecules, demonstrating potential FL sensing applications for bio and explosive molecules. This work would provide a good reference for designing fluorescent MOF probes containing CuI molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Zhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.
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3
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Shi Y, Stella G, Chu J, Zhang Y. Mechanistic Origin of Favorable Substituent Effects in Excellent Cu Cyclam Based HNO Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211450. [PMID: 36048138 PMCID: PMC9633564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
HNO has broad chemical and biomedical properties. Metal complexes and derivatives are widely used to make excellent HNO sensors. However, their favorable mechanistic origins are largely unknown. Cu cyclam is a useful platform to make excellent HNO sensors including imaging agents. A quantum chemical study of Cu cyclams with various substitutions was performed, which reproduced diverse experimental reactivities. Structural, electronic, and energetic profiles along reaction pathways show the importance of HNO binding and a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism for HNO reaction. Results reveal that steric effect is primary and electronic factor is secondary (if the redox potential is sufficient), but their interwoven effects can lead to unexpected reactivity, which looks mysterious experimentally but can be explained computationally. This work suggests rational substituent design ideas and recommends a theoretical study of a new design to save time and cost due to its subtle effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelu Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyStevens Institute of Technology1 Castle Point TerraceHobokenNJ 07030USA
| | - Gianna Stella
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyStevens Institute of Technology1 Castle Point TerraceHobokenNJ 07030USA
| | - Jia‐Min Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyStevens Institute of Technology1 Castle Point TerraceHobokenNJ 07030USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyStevens Institute of Technology1 Castle Point TerraceHobokenNJ 07030USA
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4
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Shi Y, Stella G, Chu JM, Zhang Y. Mechanistic Origin of Favorable Substituent Effects in Excellent Cu Cyclam Based HNO Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yelu Shi
- Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology UNITED STATES
| | - Gianna Stella
- Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology UNITED STATES
| | - Jia-Min Chu
- Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology UNITED STATES
| | - Yong Zhang
- Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology 1 Castle Point on Hudson 7030 Hoboken UNITED STATES
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5
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Shi Y, Michael MA, Zhang Y. HNO to NO Conversion Mechanism with Copper Zinc Superoxide Dismutase, Comparison with Heme Protein Mediated Conversions, and the Origin of Questionable Reversibility. Chemistry 2021; 27:5019-5027. [PMID: 33398888 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The interconversion of NO and HNO, via copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), is important in biomedicine and for HNO detection. Many mechanistic questions, including the decades-long debate on reversibility, were resolved in this work. Calculations of various active-site and full-protein models show that the basic mechanism is proton-coupled electron transfer with a computed barrier of 10.98 kcal mol-1 , which is in excellent agreement with experimental results (10.62 kcal mol-1 ), and this nonheme protein-mediated reaction has many significant mechanistic differences compared with the conversions mediated by heme proteins due to geometric and electronic factors. The reasons for the irreversible nature of this conversion and models with the first thermodynamically favorable and kinetically feasible mechanism for the experimental reverse reaction were discovered. Such results are the first for nonheme enzyme mediated HNO to NO conversions, which shall facilitate other related studies and HNO probe development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelu Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute, of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.,College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Rd, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325060, P.R. China
| | - Matthew A Michael
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute, of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute, of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
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6
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Wang Y, Xu S, Xian M. Specific Reactions of RSNO, HSNO, and HNO and Their Applications in the Design of Fluorescent Probes. Chemistry 2020; 26:11673-11683. [PMID: 32433809 PMCID: PMC8211375 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-derived species play essential roles in regulating cellular responses. Among these species, S-nitrosothiols (including RSNO and HSNO) and nitroxyl (HNO) are especially interesting. Owing to their high reactivity and short survival time, the detection of these molecules in biological settings can be challenging. In this regard, much effort has been invested in exploring novel reactions of RSNO/HSNO/HNO and applying these reactions to develop fluorescence probes. Herein, reported specific reactions of RSNO/HSNO/HNO are summarized and strategies used in the design of fluorescent probes are illustrated. The properties and potential problems of representative probes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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7
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Alday J, Mazzeo A, Suarez S. Selective detection of gasotransmitters using fluorescent probes based on transition metal complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Meng L, Zhang S, Jia X, Lv L, Yuan Y. Transition-metal-free sp3 C–H activation of 2-methylquinoline with terminal alkynes for synthesis of 3-(quinolin-2-yl)isoxazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Priyanga S, Khamrang T, Velusamy M, Karthi S, Ashokkumar B, Mayilmurugan R. Coordination geometry-induced optical imaging of l-cysteine in cancer cells using imidazopyridine-based copper(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1489-1503. [PMID: 30632585 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04634d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of cysteine cathepsins proteases has been documented in a wide variety of cancers, and enhances the l-cysteine concentration in tumor cells. We report the synthesis and characterization of copper(ii) complexes [Cu(L1)2(H2O)](SO3CF3)2, 1, L1 = 3-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine, [Cu(L2)2(SO3CF3)]SO3CF3, 2, L2 = 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-pyridin-2-yl-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine, [Cu(L3)2(H2O)](SO3CF3)2, 3, L3 = 3-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-1-pyridin-2-yl-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine and [Cu(L4)2(H2O)](SO3CF3)2, 4, L4 = dimethyl-[4-(1-pyridin-2-yl-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]amine as 'turn-on' optical imaging probes for l-cysteine in cancer cells. The molecular structure of complexes adopted distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry (τ, 0.68-0.87). Cu-Npy bonds (1.964-1.989 Å) were shorter than Cu-Nimi bonds (2.024-2.074 Å) for all complexes. Geometrical distortion was strongly revealed in EPR spectra, showing g‖ (2.26-2.28) and A‖ values (139-163 × 10-4 cm-1) at 70 K. The d-d transitions appeared around 680-741 and 882-932 nm in HEPES, which supported the existence of five-coordinate geometry in solution. The Cu(ii)/Cu(i) redox potential of 1 (0.221 V vs. NHE) was almost identical to that of 2 and 3 but lower than that of 4 (0.525 V vs. NHE) in HEPES buffer. The complexes were almost non-emissive in nature, but became emissive by the interaction of l-cysteine in 100% HEPES at pH 7.34 via reduction of Cu(ii) to Cu(i). Among the probes, probe 2 showed selective and efficient turn-on fluorescence behavior towards l-cysteine over natural amino acids with a limit of detection of 9.9 × 10-8 M and binding constant of 2.3 × 105 M-1. The selectivity of 2 may have originated from a nearly perfect trigonal plane adopted around a copper(ii) center (∼120.70°), which required minimum structural change during the reduction of Cu(ii) to Cu(i) while imaging Cys. The other complexes, with their distorted trigonal planes, required more reorganizational energy, which resulted in poor selectivity. Probe 2 was employed for optical imaging of l-cysteine in HeLa cells and macrophages. It exhibited brighter fluorescent images by visualizing Cys at pH 7.34 and 37 °C. It showed relatively less toxicity for these cell lines as ascertained by the MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvarasu Priyanga
- Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory/Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India.
| | - Themmila Khamrang
- Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Marappan Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Sellamuthu Karthi
- School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
| | | | - Ramasamy Mayilmurugan
- Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory/Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625021, India.
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10
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Shi Y, Zhang Y. Mechanisms of HNO Reactions with Ferric Heme Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16654-16658. [PMID: 30347123 PMCID: PMC6522253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many HNO-scavenging pathways exist to regulate its biological and pharmacological activities. Such reactions often involve ferric heme proteins and form an important basis for HNO probe development. However, mechanisms of HNO reactions with ferric heme proteins are largely unknown. We performed a computational investigation using metmyoglobin and catalase as representative ferric heme proteins with neutral and negatively charged axial ligands to provide the first detailed pathways. The results reproduced experimental barriers well with an average error of 0.11 kcal mol-1 . The rate-limiting step was found to be dissociation of the resting ligand or HNO coordination when there is no resting ligand. For both heme proteins, in contrast to the non-heme case, the reductive nitrosylation step was found to be barrierless proton-coupled electron transfer, which provides the major thermodynamic driving force for the overall reaction. The origin of the difference in reactivity between metmyoglobin and catalase was also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelu Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
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11
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12
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Huang Y, Zhang X, He N, Wang Y, Kang Q, Shen D, Yu F, Chen L. Imaging of anti-inflammatory effects of HNO via a near-infrared fluorescent probe in cells and in rat gouty arthritis model. J Mater Chem B 2018; 7:305-313. [PMID: 32254555 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02494d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) plays a crucial role in anti-inflammatory effects via the inhibition of inflammatory pathways, but the details of the endogenous generation of HNO still remain challenging owing to the complex biosynthetic pathways, in which the interaction between H2S and NO simultaneously generates HNO and polysulfides (H2Sn) in mitochondria. Moreover, nearly all the available fluorescent probes for HNO are utilized for imaging HNO in cells and tissues, instead of the in situ real-time detection of the simultaneous formation of HNO and H2Sn in mitochondria and animals. Here, we have developed a mitochondria-targeting near-infrared fluorescent probe, namely, Mito-JN, to detect the generation of HNO in cells and a rat model. The probe consists of three moieties: Aza-BODIPY as a fluorescent signal transducer, a triphenylphosphonium cation as a mitochondria-targeting agent, and a diphenylphosphinobenzoyl group as an HNO-responsive unit. The response mechanism is based on an aza-ylide intramolecular ester aminolysis reaction with fluorescence emissions on. Mito-JN displays high selectivity and sensitivity for HNO over various other biologically relevant species. Mito-JN was successfully used for the detection of the endogenous generation of HNO, which is derived from the crosstalk between H2S and NO in living cells. The additional generation of H2Sn was also confirmed using our previous probe Cy-Mito. The anti-inflammatory effect of HNO was examined in a cell model of LPS-induced inflammation and a rat model of gouty arthritis. The results imply that our probe is a good candidate for the assessment of the protective effects of HNO in inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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13
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Smulik-Izydorczyk R, Dębowska K, Pięta J, Michalski R, Marcinek A, Sikora A. Fluorescent probes for the detection of nitroxyl (HNO). Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 128:69-83. [PMID: 29704623 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO), which according to the IUPAC recommended nomenclature should be named azanone, is the protonated one-electron reduction product of nitric oxide. Recently, it has gained a considerable attention due to the interesting pharmacological effects of its donors. Although there has been great progress in the understanding of HNO chemistry and chemical biology, it still remains the most elusive reactive nitrogen species, and its selective detection is a real challenge. The development of reliable methodologies for the direct detection of azanone is essential for the understanding of important signaling properties of this reactive intermediate and its pharmacological potential. Over the last decade, there has been considerable progress in the development of low-molecular-weight fluorogenic probes for the detection of HNO, and therefore, in this review, we have focused on the challenges and limitations of and perspectives on nitroxyl detection based on the use of such probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Smulik-Izydorczyk
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Dębowska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Pięta
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Michalski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marcinek
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
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Palanisamy S, Wang YL, Chen YJ, Chen CY, Tsai FT, Liaw WF, Wang YM. In Vitro and in Vivo Imaging of Nitroxyl with Copper Fluorescent Probe in Living Cells and Zebrafish. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102551. [PMID: 30301224 PMCID: PMC6222915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) plays a critical role in many physiological processes which includes vasorelaxation in heart failure, neuroregulation, and myocardial contractility. Powerful imaging tools are required to obtain information for understanding the mechanisms involved in these in vivo processes. In order to develop a rapid and high sensitive probe for HNO detection in living cells and the zebrafish model organism, 2-((2-(benzothiazole-2yl)benzylidene) amino)benzoic acid (AbTCA) as a ligand, and its corresponding copper(II) complex Cu(II)-AbTCA were synthesized. The reaction results of Cu(II)-AbTCA with Angeli's salt showed that Cu(II)-AbTCA could detect HNO quantitatively in a range of 40⁻360 µM with a detection limit of 9.05 µM. Furthermore, Cu(II)-AbTCA is more selective towards HNO over other biological species including thiols, reactive nitrogen, and reactive oxygen species. Importantly, Cu(II)-AbTCA was successfully applied to detect HNO in living cells and zebrafish. The collective data reveals that Cu(II)-AbTCA could be used as a potential probe for HNO detection in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyadevi Palanisamy
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Liang Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Yun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Te Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Feng Liaw
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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15
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Dong B, Kong X, Lin W. Reaction-Based Fluorescent Probes for the Imaging of Nitroxyl (HNO) in Biological Systems. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1714-1720. [PMID: 29210560 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) has been identified as an important signaling molecule in biological systems and plays critical roles in many physiological processes. Fluorescence imaging could provide a robust approach to explore the biological formation of HNO and its physiological functions. Herein, we summarize the organic reaction types for constructing HNO probes and specifically focus on review of the recent advances in the development of the reaction-based HNO probes and their imaging applications in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Dong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong 250022, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Liu Y, Duan Y, Gill AD, Perez L, Jiang Q, Hooley RJ, Zhong W. Metal-assisted selective recognition of biothiols by a synthetic receptor array. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13147-13150. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07220e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A synergistic combination of a deep cavitand host, fluorophore guests and transition metal ions can be used to sense small molecule thiols of biological interest with good efficiency and selectivity in complex aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology Program
- University of California-Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Yaokai Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California-Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Adam D. Gill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of California-Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Lizeth Perez
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California-Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Qiaoshi Jiang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology Program
- University of California-Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Richard J. Hooley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California-Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Wenwan Zhong
- Department of Environmental Toxicology Program
- University of California-Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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17
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Au-Yeung HY, Chan CY, Tong KY, Yu ZH. Copper-based reactions in analyte-responsive fluorescent probes for biological applications. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 177:300-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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18
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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Yang S, Li Y, Qing Z, Zheng J, Li J, Yang R. Ratiometric Visualization of NO/H 2S Cross-Talk in Living Cells and Tissues Using a Nitroxyl-Responsive Two-Photon Fluorescence Probe. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4587-4594. [PMID: 28343380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
It is of scientific significance to explore the intricate relationship between two crucial gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) because they exert similar and interdependent biological actions within the living organisms. Nevertheless, visualization of the NO/H2S crosstalk using effective molecular imaging tools remains challenging. To address this issue, and given that nitroxyl (HNO) has been implicated as the interdependent production of NO and H2S via a network of cascading chemical reactions, we herein design a ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe for HNO, termed TP-Rho-HNO, which consists of benzo[h]chromene-rhodol scaffold as two-photon energy transfer cassette with phosphine moiety as specific HNO recognition unit. The newly proposed probe has been successfully applied in ratiometric two-photon bioimaging of endogenous HNO derived from NO and H2S interaction in the human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs) and as well as in rat brain tissues. Intriguingly, the imaging results consistently demonstrate that the mutually dependent upgeneration of H2S and NO are present in living biosystems, indicating that this molecular probe would provide a powerful approach to elucidate the chemical foundation for the anfractuous cross-talk between the NO and H2S signaling pathways in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology , Changsha 410114, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhihe Qing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology , Changsha 410114, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jishan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University , Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology , Changsha 410114, P. R. China
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19
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Recent Advances in Macrocyclic Fluorescent Probes for Ion Sensing. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020200. [PMID: 28125069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule fluorescent probes play a myriad of important roles in chemical sensing. Many such systems incorporating a receptor component designed to recognise and bind a specific analyte, and a reporter or transducer component which signals the binding event with a change in fluorescence output have been developed. Fluorescent probes use a variety of mechanisms to transmit the binding event to the reporter unit, including photoinduced electron transfer (PET), charge transfer (CT), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), excimer formation, and aggregation induced emission (AIE) or aggregation caused quenching (ACQ). These systems respond to a wide array of potential analytes including protons, metal cations, anions, carbohydrates, and other biomolecules. This review surveys important new fluorescence-based probes for these and other analytes that have been reported over the past five years, focusing on the most widely exploited macrocyclic recognition components, those based on cyclam, calixarenes, cyclodextrins and crown ethers; other macrocyclic and non-macrocyclic receptors are also discussed.
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20
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Ren M, Deng B, Zhou K, Wang JY, Kong X, Lin W. A targetable fluorescent probe for imaging exogenous and intracellularly formed nitroxyl in mitochondria in living cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:1954-1961. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb03388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new mitochondrial-targeted turn-on fluorescent HNO probe (Mito-HNO). Fluorescence imaging shows that Mito-HNO is suitable for ratiometric visualization of HNO within mitochondria in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingguang Ren
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Beibei Deng
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Kai Zhou
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Jian-Yong Wang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
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21
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Dong B, Song X, Kong X, Wang C, Zhang N, Lin W. Two-photon red-emissive fluorescent probe for imaging nitroxyl (HNO) in living cells and tissues. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5218-5224. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00703e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A two-photon red-emissive fluorescent probe has been developed for imaging nitroxyl (HNO) in living cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Dong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Xuezhen Song
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
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22
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Goldberg JM, Loas A, Lippard SJ. Metalloneurochemistry and the Pierian Spring: 'Shallow Draughts Intoxicate the Brain'. Isr J Chem 2016; 56:791-802. [PMID: 28190893 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions perform critical and diverse functions in nervous system physiology and pathology. The field of metalloneurochemistry aims to understand the mechanistic bases for these varied roles at the molecular level. Here, we review several areas of research that illustrate progress toward achieving this ambitious goal and identify key challenges for the future. We examine the use of lithium as a mood stabilizer, the roles of mobile zinc and copper in the synapse, the interplay of nitric oxide and metals in retrograde signaling, and the regulation of iron homeostasis in the brain. These topics were chosen to demonstrate not only the breadth of the field, but also to highlight opportunities for discovery by studying such complex systems in greater detail. We are beginning to uncover the principles by which receptors and transmitters utilize metal ions to modulate neurotransmission. These advances have revealed exciting new insights into the intricate mechanisms that give rise to learning, memory, and sensory perception, while opening many new avenues for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 (U.S.A.)
| | - Andrei Loas
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 (U.S.A.)
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 (U.S.A.)
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23
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Miao Z, King SB. Recent advances in the chemical biology of nitroxyl (HNO) detection and generation. Nitric Oxide 2016; 57:1-14. [PMID: 27108951 PMCID: PMC4910183 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxyl or azanone (HNO) represents the redox-related (one electron reduced and protonated) relative of the well-known biological signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO). Despite the close structural similarity to NO, defined biological roles and endogenous formation of HNO remain unclear due to the high reactivity of HNO with itself, soft nucleophiles and transition metals. While significant work has been accomplished in terms of the physiology, biology and chemistry of HNO, important and clarifying work regarding HNO detection and formation has occurred within the last 10 years. This review summarizes advances in the areas of HNO detection and donation and their application to normal and pathological biology. Such chemical biological tools allow a deeper understanding of biological HNO formation and the role that HNO plays in a variety of physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - S Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
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24
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Kim S, Minier MA, Loas A, Becker S, Wang F, Lippard SJ. Achieving Reversible Sensing of Nitroxyl by Tuning the Ligand Environment of Azamacrocyclic Copper(II) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1804-7. [PMID: 26836121 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the factors that impart selectivity for nitroxyl (HNO) over nitric oxide (NO), thiols, and H2S in metal-based fluorescent probes, we investigated five Cu(II)-cyclam (14-N4) derivatives. Upon exposure to NO gas at pH 7, no changes occur in the UV-vis spectra of any of the complexes. Addition of Angeli's salt to generate HNO promotes reduction of Cu(II) only in the case of [Cu(II)(14-N4-Ts)(OTf)2], which has the most positive reduction potential of the series. To gain insight into the observed reactivity, we prepared the Cu(II) complex of the mixed thia/aza 14-N2S2 ligand. [Cu(II)(14-N2S2)(OTf)2] reacts reversibly with HNO at pH 7, although nonselectively over thiols and H2S. The recurrent sensing of HNO uncovered with the study of Cu(II) azamacrocyclic complexes is a remarkable feature that opens the door for the design of a new generation of metal-based probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mikael A Minier
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrei Loas
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sabine Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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25
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Tan Y, Liu R, Zhang H, Peltier R, Lam YW, Zhu Q, Hu Y, Sun H. Design and Synthesis of Near-infrared Fluorescent Probes for Imaging of Biological Nitroxyl. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16979. [PMID: 26584764 PMCID: PMC4653807 DOI: 10.1038/srep16979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO), the reduced and protonated form of nitric oxide (NO), has recently been identified as an interesting and important signaling molecule in biological systems. However, research on its biosynthesis and bioactivities are hampered by the lack of versatile HNO detection methods applicable to living cells. In this report, two new near-infrared (NIR) probes were designed and synthesized for HNO imaging in living cells. One of the probes was found to display high sensitivity towards HNO, with up to 67-fold of fluorescence increment after reaction with HNO. The detection limit was determined to be as low as 0.043 μM. The probe displayed high selectivity towards HNO over other biologically related species including metal ions, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species and reactive sulfur species. Furthermore, the probe was shown to be suitable for imaging of exogenous and endogenous HNO in living cells. Interestingly, the probe was found to be mainly localized in lysosomes. We envision that the new NIR probe described here will serve as a useful tool for further elucidation of the intricate roles of HNO in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruochuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huatang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raoul Peltier
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Wah Lam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Insitute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Lab of Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Energy Technology, Center for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Hamer M, Suarez SA, Neuman NI, Alvarez L, Muñoz M, Marti MA, Doctorovich F. Discussing Endogenous NO•/HNO Interconversion Aided by Phenolic Drugs and Vitamins. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9342-50. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Hamer
- Departamento
de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Facultad
de Farmacia y Bioquímica (IQUIFIB-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian A. Suarez
- Gerencia
de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás I. Neuman
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
- Departamento
de Física, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucía Alvarez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Martina Muñoz
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo A. Marti
- Departamento
de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y
Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabio Doctorovich
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
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