1
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Miyauchi M. Water Adsorption on Hydrophilic Fibers and Porous and Deliquescent Materials: Cellulose, Polysaccharide, Silica, Inorganic Salt, Sugar Alcohol, and Amino Acid. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44212-44220. [PMID: 38027329 PMCID: PMC10666253 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Water adsorption isotherms are systematically summarized by using celluloses and polysaccharides as hydrophilic crystal/amorphous materials with functional groups, silicas as hydrophilic porous materials, and inorganic salts, sugar alcohols, and amino acids as hygroscopic deliquescent materials. For hydrophilic fibers such as celluloses and polysaccharides, water was adsorbed on amorphous solids, and water clusters were formed around functional groups. For porous materials such as silicas, capillary condensation occurred in the micropores of silicas. For deliquescent materials such as inorganic salts, sugar alcohols, and amino acids, water adsorption rapidly increased stepwise at a specific threshold relative humidity, accompanied with a structure transformation to a liquid state. In addition, the water activity (Aw) of materials used in packed products was able to be estimated from the water adsorption isotherms of the pure component. This indicated that the deliquescent materials have a great effect on the depression of Aw for the suppression of microbial growth at an extremely high water content. The deliquescent materials could be useful to develop new environmentally and sustainable products and technologies with the mediation of water vapor and/or hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Miyauchi
- Tobacco Science Research
Center, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaoka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8512, Japan
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2
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Solhi L, Guccini V, Heise K, Solala I, Niinivaara E, Xu W, Mihhels K, Kröger M, Meng Z, Wohlert J, Tao H, Cranston ED, Kontturi E. Understanding Nanocellulose-Water Interactions: Turning a Detriment into an Asset. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1925-2015. [PMID: 36724185 PMCID: PMC9999435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern technology has enabled the isolation of nanocellulose from plant-based fibers, and the current trend focuses on utilizing nanocellulose in a broad range of sustainable materials applications. Water is generally seen as a detrimental component when in contact with nanocellulose-based materials, just like it is harmful for traditional cellulosic materials such as paper or cardboard. However, water is an integral component in plants, and many applications of nanocellulose already accept the presence of water or make use of it. This review gives a comprehensive account of nanocellulose-water interactions and their repercussions in all key areas of contemporary research: fundamental physical chemistry, chemical modification of nanocellulose, materials applications, and analytical methods to map the water interactions and the effect of water on a nanocellulose matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Solhi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Valentina Guccini
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Iina Solala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Elina Niinivaara
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, TurkuFI-20500, Finland
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Marcel Kröger
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Zhuojun Meng
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou325001, China
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
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3
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Österberg M, Henn KA, Farooq M, Valle-Delgado JJ. Biobased Nanomaterials─The Role of Interfacial Interactions for Advanced Materials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2200-2241. [PMID: 36720130 PMCID: PMC9999428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review presents recent advances regarding biomass-based nanomaterials, focusing on their surface interactions. Plant biomass-based nanoparticles, like nanocellulose and lignin from industry side streams, hold great potential for the development of lightweight, functional, biodegradable, or recyclable material solutions for a sustainable circular bioeconomy. However, to obtain optimal properties of the nanoparticles and materials made thereof, it is crucial to control the interactions both during particle production and in applications. Herein we focus on the current understanding of these interactions. Solvent interactions during particle formation and production, as well as interactions with water, polymers, cells and other components in applications, are addressed. We concentrate on cellulose and lignin nanomaterials and their combination. We demonstrate how the surface chemistry of the nanomaterials affects these interactions and how excellent performance is only achieved when the interactions are controlled. We furthermore introduce suitable methods for probing interactions with nanomaterials, describe their advantages and challenges, and introduce some less commonly used methods and discuss their possible applications to gain a deeper understanding of the interfacial chemistry of biobased nanomaterials. Finally, some gaps in current understanding and interesting emerging research lines are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - K Alexander Henn
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
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4
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Palasingh C, Kargl R, Kleinschek KS, Schaubeder J, Spirk S, Ström A, Nypelö T. Morphology and swelling of thin films of dialcohol xylan. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120810. [PMID: 37182942 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are excellent network formers and are often processed into films from water solutions. Despite being hydrophilic polysaccharides, the typical xylans liberated from wood are sparsely soluble in water. We have previously suggested that an additional piece to the solubilization puzzle is modification of the xylan backbone via oxidative cleavage of the saccharide ring. Here, we demonstrate the influence of the degree of modification, i.e., degree of oxidation (DO) on xylan solubilization and consequent film formation and stability. Oxidized and reduced wood xylans (i.e., dialcohol xylans) with the highest DO (77 %) within the series exhibited the smallest hydrodynamic diameter (dh) of 60 nm in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). We transferred the modified xylans into films credit to their established solubility and then quantified the film water interactions. Dialcohol xylans with intermediate DOs (42 and 63 %) did not form continuous films. The films swelled slightly when subjected to humidity. However, the film with the highest DO demonstrated a significant moisture uptake that depended on the film mass and was not observed with the other modified grades or with unmodified xylan.
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5
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The influence of temperature on cellulose swelling at constant water density. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20736. [PMID: 36456579 PMCID: PMC9715729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We have in this paper investigated how water sorbs to cellulose. We found that both cellulose nanofibril (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films swell similarly, as they are both mainly composed of cellulose. CNF/CNC films subjected to water at 0.018 kg/m3 at 25 °C and 39 °C, showed a decrease in swelling from ~ 8 to 2%. This deswelling increased the tensile index of CNF-films by ~ 13%. By molecular modeling of fibril swelling, we found that water sorbed to cellulose exhibits a decreased diffusion constant compared to bulk water. We quantified this change and showed that diffusion of sorbed water displays less dependency on swelling temperature compared to bulk water diffusion. To our knowledge, this has not previously been demonstrated by molecular modeling. The difference between bulk water diffusion (DWW) and diffusion of water sorbed to cellulose (DCC) increased from DWW - DCC ~ 3 × 10-5 cm/s2 at 25 °C to DWW - DCC ~ 8.3 × 10-5 cm/s2 at 100 °C. Moreover, water molecules spent less successive time sorbed to a fibril at higher temperatures.
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6
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Xylan-cellulose thin film platform for assessing xylanase activity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Reishofer D, Resel R, Sattelkow J, Fischer WJ, Niegelhell K, Mohan T, Kleinschek KS, Amenitsch H, Plank H, Tammelin T, Kontturi E, Spirk S. Humidity Response of Cellulose Thin Films. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1148-1157. [PMID: 35225593 PMCID: PMC8924868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose-water interactions are crucial to understand biological processes as well as to develop tailor made cellulose-based products. However, the main challenge to study these interactions is the diversity of natural cellulose fibers and alterations in their supramolecular structure. Here, we study the humidity response of different, well-defined, ultrathin cellulose films as a function of industrially relevant treatments using different techniques. As treatments, drying at elevated temperature, swelling, and swelling followed by drying at elevated temperatures were chosen. The cellulose films were prepared by spin coating a soluble cellulose derivative, trimethylsilyl cellulose, onto solid substrates followed by conversion to cellulose by HCl vapor. For the highest investigated humidity levels (97%), the layer thickness increased by ca. 40% corresponding to the incorporation of 3.6 molecules of water per anhydroglucose unit (AGU), independent of the cellulose source used. The aforementioned treatments affected this ratio significantly with drying being the most notable procedure (2.0 and 2.6 molecules per AGU). The alterations were investigated in real time with X-ray reflectivity and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, equipped with a humidity module to obtain information about changes in the thickness, roughness, and electron density of the films and qualitatively confirmed using grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering measurements using synchrotron irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reishofer
- Institute
of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz
University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute
for Solid State Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse 16, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Jürgen Sattelkow
- Institute
for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Wolfgang J. Fischer
- Institute
of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz
University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Katrin Niegelhell
- Institute
of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz
University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Tamilselvan Mohan
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Institute
of Chemistry and Technology of Biobased Systems, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Harald Plank
- Institute
for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- High Performance
Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center
of Finland Ltd, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute
of Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz
University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz 8010, Austria
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8
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Spirk S, Palasingh C, Nypelö T. Current Opportunities and Challenges in Biopolymer Thin Film Analysis—Determination of Film Thickness. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.755446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer thin films with thickness below 100 nm are a fascinating class of 2D materials with commercial and research applications in many branches ranging from coatings to photoresists and insulating materials, to mention just a few uses. Biopolymers have extended the scope of polymer thin films with unique materials such as cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils with tunable water uptake, crystallinity and optical properties. The key information needed in thin biopolymer film use and research is film thickness. It is often challenging to determine precisely and hence several techniques and their combinations are used. Additional challenges with hydrophilic biopolymers such as cellulose are the presence of humidity and the soft and often heterogenous structure of the films. This minireview summarizes currently used methods and techniques for biopolymer thin film thickness analysis and outlines challenges for accurate and reproducible characterization. Cellulose is chosen as the representative biopolymer.
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9
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Palasingh C, Ström A, Amer H, Nypelö T. Oxidized xylan additive for nanocellulose films - A swelling modifier. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:753-759. [PMID: 33727189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric wood hemicelluloses are depicted to join cellulose, starch and chitosan as key polysaccharides for sustainable materials engineering. However, the approaches to incorporate hemicelluloses in emerging bio-based products are challenged by lack of specific benefit, other than the biomass-origin, although their utilization would contribute to sustainable material use since they currently are a side stream that is not valorized. Here we demonstrate wood-xylans as swelling modifiers for neutral and charged nanocellulose films that have already entered the sustainable packaging applications, however, suffer from humidity sensitivity. The oxidative modification is used to modulate the water-solubility of xylan and hence enable adsorption in an aqueous environment. A high molecular weight grade, hence less water-soluble, adsorbed preferentially on the neutral surface while the adsorbed amount on a negatively charged surface was independent of the molecular weight, and hence, solubility. The adsorption of the oxidized xylans on a neutral cellulose surface resulted in an increase in the amount of water in the film while on the negatively charged cellulose the total amount of water decreased. The finding of synergy of two hygroscopic materials to decrease swelling in hydrophilic bio-polymer films demonstrates the oxidized macromolecule xylan as structurally functional component in emerging cellulose products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonnipa Palasingh
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Ström
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hassan Amer
- Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Konrad-Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria; Department of Natural and Microbial Products Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 AlBohous St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tiina Nypelö
- Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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10
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Nemmaru B, Ramirez N, Farino CJ, Yarbrough JM, Kravchenko N, Chundawat SPS. Reduced type-A carbohydrate-binding module interactions to cellulose I leads to improved endocellulase activity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:1141-1151. [PMID: 33245142 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dissociation of nonproductively bound cellulolytic enzymes from cellulose is hypothesized to be a key rate-limiting factor impeding cost-effective biomass conversion to fermentable sugars. However, the role of carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) in enabling nonproductive enzyme binding is not well understood. Here, we examine the subtle interplay of CBM binding and cellulose hydrolysis activity for three models type-A CBMs (Families 1, 3a, and 64) tethered to multifunctional endoglucanase (CelE) on two distinct cellulose allomorphs (i.e., cellulose I and III). We generated a small library of mutant CBMs with varying cellulose affinity, as determined by equilibrium binding assays, followed by monitoring cellulose hydrolysis activity of CelE-CBM fusion constructs. Finally, kinetic binding assays using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation were employed to measure CBM adsorption and desorption rate constants k on and k off , respectively, towards nanocrystalline cellulose derived from both allomorphs. Overall, our results indicate that reduced CBM equilibrium binding affinity towards cellulose I alone, resulting from increased desorption rates ( k off ) and reduced effective adsorption rates ( nk on ), is correlated to overall improved endocellulase activity. Future studies could employ similar approaches to unravel the role of CBMs in nonproductive enzyme binding and develop improved cellulolytic enzymes for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Ramirez
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cindy J Farino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - John M Yarbrough
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicholas Kravchenko
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shishir P S Chundawat
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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11
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Solin K, Borghei M, Sel O, Orelma H, Johansson LS, Perrot H, Rojas OJ. Electrically Conductive Thin Films Based on Nanofibrillated Cellulose: Interactions with Water and Applications in Humidity Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36437-36448. [PMID: 32672936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) and oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as humidity-responsive films and evaluated using electroacoustic admittance (quartz crystal microbalance with impedance monitoring, QCM-I) and electrical resistivity. Water uptake and swelling phenomena were investigated in a range of relative humidity (% RH) between 30 and 60% and temperatures between 25 and 50 °C. The presence of CNT endowed fibril networks with high water accessibility, enabling fast and sensitive response to changes in humidity, with mass gains of up to 20%. The TOCNF-based sensors became viscoelastic upon water uptake, as quantified by the Martin-Granstaff model. Sensing elements were supported on glass and paper substrates and confirmed a wide window of operation in terms of cyclic % RH, bending, adhesion, and durability. The electrical resistance of the supported films increased by ∼15% with changes in % RH from 20 to 60%. The proposed system offers a great potential to monitor changes in smart packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Solin
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maryam Borghei
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ozlem Sel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE, UMR 8535, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hannes Orelma
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 4, FIN-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Leena-Sisko Johansson
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Hubert Perrot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, LISE, UMR 8535, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- The Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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12
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Raghuwanshi VS, Garnier G. Cellulose Nano-Films as Bio-Interfaces. Front Chem 2019; 7:535. [PMID: 31417896 PMCID: PMC6682661 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose, the most abundant polymer on earth, has enormous potential in developing bio-friendly, and sustainable technological products. In particular, cellulose films of nanoscale thickness (1-100 nm) are transparent, smooth (roughness <1 nm), and provide a large surface area interface for biomolecules immobilization and interactions. These attractive film properties create many possibilities for both fundamental studies and applications, especially in the biomedical field. The three liable-OH groups on the monomeric unit of the cellulose chain provide schemes to chemically modify the cellulose interface and engineer its properties. Here, the cellulose thin film serves as a substrate for biomolecules interactions and acts as a support for bio-diagnostics. This review focuses on the challenges and opportunities provided by engineering cellulose thin films for controlling biomolecules interactions. The first part reviews the methods for preparing cellulose thin films. These are by dispersing or dissolving pure cellulose or cellulose derivatives in a solvent to coat a substrate using the spin coating, Langmuir-Blodgett, or Langmuir-Schaefer method. It is shown how different cellulose sources, preparation, and coating methods and substrate surface pre-treatment affect the film thickness, roughness, morphology, crystallinity, swelling in water, and homogeneity. The second part analyses the bio-macromolecules interactions with the cellulose thin film interfaces. Biomolecules, such as antibodies and enzymes, are adsorbed at the cellulose-liquid interface, and analyzed dry and wet. This highlights the effect of film surface morphology, thickness, crystallinity, water intake capacity, and surface pre-treatment on biomolecule adsorption, conformation, coverage, longevity, and activity. Advance characterization of cellulose thin film interface morphology and adsorbed biomolecules interactions are next reviewed. X-ray and neutron scattering/reflectivity combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), microscopy, and ellipsometer allow visualizing, and quantifying the structural morphology of cellulose-biomolecule interphase and the respective biomolecules conformations, kinetics, and sorption mechanisms. This review provides a novel insight on the advantages and challenges of engineering cellulose thin films for biomedical applications. This is to foster the exploration at the molecular level of the interaction mechanisms between a cellulose interface and adsorbed biomolecules with respect to adsorbed molecules morphology, surface coverage, and quantity. This knowledge is to engineer a novel generation of efficient and functional biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Singh Raghuwanshi
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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13
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Kontturi E, Spirk S. Ultrathin Films of Cellulose: A Materials Perspective. Front Chem 2019; 7:488. [PMID: 31380342 PMCID: PMC6652239 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A literature review on ultrathin films of cellulose is presented. The review focuses on different deposition methods of the films-all the way from simple monocomponent films to more elaborate multicomponent structures-and the use of the film structures in the vast realm of materials science. The common approach of utilizing cellulose thin films as experimental models is therefore omitted. The reader will find that modern usage of cellulose thin films constitutes an exciting emerging area within materials science and it goes far beyond the traditional usage of the films as model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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14
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Brett CJ, Mittal N, Ohm W, Gensch M, Kreuzer LP, Körstgens V, Månsson M, Frielinghaus H, Müller-Buschbaum P, Söderberg LD, Roth SV. Water-Induced Structural Rearrangements on the Nanoscale in Ultrathin Nanocellulose Films. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin J. Brett
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Nitesh Mittal
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Wiebke Ohm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Marc Gensch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Månsson
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 164 40, Sweden
| | - Henrich Frielinghaus
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Garching 52428, Germany
| | | | - L. Daniel Söderberg
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Stephan V. Roth
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
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15
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Thoury-Monbrun V, Gaucel S, Rouessac V, Guillard V, Angellier-Coussy H. Assessing the potential of quartz crystal microbalance to estimate water vapor transfer in micrometric size cellulose particles. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 190:307-314. [PMID: 29628251 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at assessing the use of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) coupled with an adsorption system to measure water vapor transfer properties in micrometric size cellulose particles. This apparatus allows measuring successfully water vapor sorption kinetics at successive relative humidity (RH) steps on a dispersion of individual micrometric size cellulose particles (1 μg) with a total acquisition duration of the order of one hour. Apparent diffusivity and water uptake at equilibrium were estimated at each step of RH by considering two different particle geometries in mass transfer modeling, i.e. sphere or finite cylinder, based on the results obtained from image analysis. Water vapor diffusivity values varied from 2.4 × 10-14 m2 s-1 to 4.2 × 10-12 m2 s-1 over the tested RH range (0-80%) whatever the model used. A finite cylinder or spherical geometry could be used equally for diffusivity identification for a particle size aspect ratio lower than 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Thoury-Monbrun
- JRU IATE 1208 - CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France.
| | - Sébastien Gaucel
- JRU IATE 1208 - CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France.
| | - Vincent Rouessac
- IEM ENSCM, UM, CNRS UMR 5635, Université de Montpellier, 2 Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
| | - Valérie Guillard
- JRU IATE 1208 - CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France.
| | - Hélène Angellier-Coussy
- JRU IATE 1208 - CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France.
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16
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Ansari F, Berglund LA. Toward Semistructural Cellulose Nanocomposites: The Need for Scalable Processing and Interface Tailoring. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2341-2350. [PMID: 29577729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocomposites can be considered for semistructural load-bearing applications where modulus and strength requirements exceed 10 GPa and 100 MPa, respectively. Such properties are higher than for most neat polymers but typical for molded short glass fiber composites. The research challenge for polymer matrix biocomposites is to develop processing concepts that allow high cellulose nanofibril (CNF) content, nanostructural control in the form of well-dispersed CNF, the use of suitable polymer matrices, as well as molecular scale interface tailoring to address moisture effects. From a practical point of view, the processing concept needs to be scalable so that large-scale industrial processing is feasible. The vast majority of cellulose nanocomposite studies elaborate on materials with low nanocellulose content. An important reason is the challenge to prevent CNF agglomeration at high CNF content. Research activities are therefore needed on concepts with the potential for rapid processing with controlled nanostructure, including well-dispersed fibrils at high CNF content so that favorable properties are obtained. This perspective discusses processing strategies, agglomeration problems, opportunities, and effects from interface tailoring. Specifically, preformed CNF mats can be used to design nanostructured biocomposites with high CNF content. Because very few composite materials combine functional and structural properties, CNF materials are an exception in this sense. The suggested processing concept could include functional components (inorganic clays, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, among others). In functional three-phase systems, CNF networks are combined with functional components (nanoparticles or fibril coatings) together with a ductile polymer matrix. Such materials can have functional properties (optical, magnetic, electric, etc.) in combination with mechanical performance, and the comparably low cost of nanocellulose may facilitate the use of large nanocomposite structures in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Ansari
- Fiber and Polymer Technology and Wallenberg Wood Science Centre , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-10044 , Sweden
| | - Lars A Berglund
- Fiber and Polymer Technology and Wallenberg Wood Science Centre , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm SE-10044 , Sweden
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17
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Lizundia E, Goikuria U, Vilas JL, Cristofaro F, Bruni G, Fortunati E, Armentano I, Visai L, Torre L. Metal Nanoparticles Embedded in Cellulose Nanocrystal Based Films: Material Properties and Post-use Analysis. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2618-2628. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erlantz Lizundia
- Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Bilbao Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48013, Spain
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Deptartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
- BC Materials, Basque
Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Uribarri Goikuria
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Deptartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - José Luis Vilas
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Deptartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa 48940, Spain
- BC Materials, Basque
Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Francesco Cristofaro
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri S.p.A., IRCCS, Via S. Boezio, 28, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Elena Fortunati
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Ilaria Armentano
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri S.p.A., IRCCS, Via S. Boezio, 28, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigi Torre
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Perugia, UdR INSTM, Strada di Pentima 4, 05100 Terni, Italy
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18
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Tumwesigye K, Sousa A, Oliveira J, Sousa-Gallagher M. Evaluation of novel bitter cassava film for equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging of cherry tomatoes. Food Packag Shelf Life 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Hakalahti M, Faustini M, Boissière C, Kontturi E, Tammelin T. Interfacial Mechanisms of Water Vapor Sorption into Cellulose Nanofibril Films as Revealed by Quantitative Models. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2951-2958. [PMID: 28816438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Humidity is an efficient instrument for facilitating changes in local architectures of two-dimensional surfaces assembled from nanoscaled biomaterials. Here, complementary surface-sensitive methods are used to collect explicit and precise experimental evidence on the water vapor sorption into (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibril (CNF) thin film over the relative humidity (RH) range from 0 to 97%. Changes in thickness and mass of the film due to water vapor uptake are tracked using spectroscopic ellipsometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, respectively. Experimental data is evaluated by the quantitative Langmuir/Flory-Huggins/clustering model and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model. The isotherms coupled with the quantitative models unveil distinct regions of predominant sorption modes: specific sorption of water molecules below 10% RH, multilayer build-up between 10 to 75% RH, and clustering of water molecules above 75% RH. The study reveals the sorption mechanisms underlying the well-known water uptake behavior of TEMPO oxidized CNF directly at the gas-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Hakalahti
- High Performance Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, Ltd , FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marco Faustini
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR 7574, Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Boissière
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR 7574, Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University , 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- High Performance Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, Ltd , FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
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20
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Adsorbent for resorcinol removal based on cellulose functionalized with magnetic poly(dopamine). Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:578-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Niinivaara E, Faustini M, Tammelin T, Kontturi E. Mimicking the Humidity Response of the Plant Cell Wall by Using Two-Dimensional Systems: The Critical Role of Amorphous and Crystalline Polysaccharides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2032-2040. [PMID: 26829372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Of the composite materials occurring in nature, the plant cell wall is among the most intricate, consisting of a complex arrangement of semicrystalline cellulose microfibrils in a dissipative matrix of lignin and hemicelluloses. Here, a biomimetic, two-dimensional cellulose system of the cell wall structure is introduced where cellulose nanocrystals compose the crystalline portion and regenerated amorphous cellulose composes the dissipative matrix. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and QCM-D are used to study the water vapor uptake of several two-layer systems. Quantitative analysis shows that the vapor-induced swelling of these ultrathin films can be controlled by varying ratios of the chemically identical ordered and unordered cellulose components. Intriguingly, increasing the share of crystalline cellulose appeared to increase the vapor uptake but only in cases for which the interfacial area between the crystalline and amorphous area was relatively large and the thickness of an amorphous overlayer was relatively small. The results show that a biomimetic approach may occasionally provide answers as to why certain native structures exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Niinivaara
- Materials Chemistry of Cellulose, Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University , 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Marco Faustini
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR 7574, Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Universités , F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- VTT - Technical Research Center of Finland, High Performance Fibre Products, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Materials Chemistry of Cellulose, Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University , 02150 Espoo, Finland
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22
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Patchan MW, Chae JJ, Lee JD, Calderon-Colon X, Maranchi JP, McCally RL, Schein OD, Elisseeff JH, Trexler MM. Evaluation of the biocompatibility of regenerated cellulose hydrogels with high strength and transparency for ocular applications. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:1049-59. [PMID: 26589295 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215616273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prompt emergency treatment for ocular injury, particularly in a battlefield setting, is essential to preserve vision, reduce pain, and prevent secondary infection. A bandage contact lens that could be applied in the field, at the time of injury, would protect the injured ocular surface until hospital treatment is available. Cellulose, a natural polymer, is widely used in biomedical applications including bandage materials. Hydrogels synthesized from different cellulose sources, such as plants, cotton, and bacteria, can have the optical transparency and mechanical strength of contact lenses, by tailoring synthesis parameters. Thus, we optimized the fabrication of cellulose-based hydrogels and evaluated their in vivo biocompatibility and related physical properties. Our data demonstrate that along with tailorable physical properties, our novel cellulose-based hydrogels could be made with contact lens geometry, exhibit no significant signs of material toxicity after 22 days of in vivo testing, and show significant promise for use as a corneal bandage immediately following ocular trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia W Patchan
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - J Jeremy Chae
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Justin D Lee
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiomara Calderon-Colon
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Maranchi
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell L McCally
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), Laurel, Maryland, USA Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Oliver D Schein
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Morgana M Trexler
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), Laurel, Maryland, USA
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23
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Niinivaara E, Faustini M, Tammelin T, Kontturi E. Water Vapor Uptake of Ultrathin Films of Biologically Derived Nanocrystals: Quantitative Assessment with Quartz Crystal Microbalance and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12170-12176. [PMID: 26461931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the relevance of water interactions, explicit analysis of vapor adsorption on biologically derived surfaces is often difficult. Here, a system was introduced to study the vapor uptake on a native polysaccharide surface; namely, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) ultrathin films were examined with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). A significant mass uptake of water vapor by the CNC films was detected using the QCM-D upon increasing relative humidity. In addition, thickness changes proportional to changes in relative humidity were detected using SE. Quantitative analysis of the results attained indicated that in preference to being soaked by water at the point of hydration each individual CNC in the film became enveloped by a 1 nm thick layer of adsorbed water vapor, resulting in the detected thickness response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Niinivaara
- Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Marco Faustini
- Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, UMR 7574, Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Tekla Tammelin
- High Performance Fibre Products, VTT Technical Research Center of Finland , Espoo, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University , 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Polymer and Composites Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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24
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Pingitore V, Miriello D, Drioli E, Gugliuzza A. Integrated carboxylic carbon nanotube pathways with membranes for voltage-activated humidity detection and microclimate regulation. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4461-4468. [PMID: 25939404 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00819k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work describes some single walled carboxylic carbon nanotubes with outstanding transport properties when assembled in a 3D microarray working like a humidity membrane-sensor and an adjustable moisture regulator. Combined nano-assembly approaches are used to build up a better quality pathway through which assisted-charge and mass transport synchronically takes place. The structure-electrical response relationship is found, while controllable and tunable donor-acceptor interactions established at material interfaces are regarded as key factors for the accomplishment of charge transportation, enhanced electrical responses and adjustable moisture exchange. Raman and infrared spectroscopy provides indications about the fine structural and chemical features of the hybrid-composite membranes, resulting in perfect agreement with related morphology and electrical properties. Enhanced and modular electrical response to changes in the surrounding atmosphere is concerned with doping events, while assisted moisture regulation is discussed in relation to swelling and hopping actions. The electro-activated hybrid-composite membrane proposed in this work can be regarded as an attractive 'sense-to-act' precursor for smart long-distance monitoring systems with capability to adapt itself and provide local comfortable microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pingitore
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 33C, Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
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