1
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Wang L, Yi Z, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Stretchable conductors for stretchable field-effect transistors and functional circuits. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:795-835. [PMID: 36562312 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00837h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have received intense attention due to their broad application prospects in many areas, and can withstand large deformations and form close contact with curved surfaces. Stretchable conductors are vital components of stretchable electronic devices used in wearables, soft robots, and human-machine interactions. Recent advances in stretchable conductors have motivated basic scientific and technological research efforts. Here, we outline and analyse the development of stretchable conductors in transistors and circuits, and examine advances in materials, device engineering, and preparation technologies. We divide the existing approaches to constructing stretchable transistors with stretchable conductors into the following two types: geometric engineering and intrinsic stretchability engineering. Finally, we consider the challenges and outlook in this field for delivering stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengran Yi
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.
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2
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Benny Mattam L, Bijoy A, Abraham Thadathil D, George L, Varghese A. Conducting Polymers: A Versatile Material for Biomedical Applications. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Benny Mattam
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Anusha Bijoy
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Ditto Abraham Thadathil
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Louis George
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
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3
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Güillen Obando A, Chen Y, Qiang Z. A simple route to prepare supramolecular block copolymers using telechelic polystyrene/polydimethylsiloxane pairs. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber‐Plastics Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS USA
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4
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Mason GT, Nyayachavadi A, Mooney M, Schlingman K, Rondeau‐Gagné S. PAMAM
‐containing semiconducting polymers: Effect of dendritic side chains on optoelectronic and
solid‐state
properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gage T. Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Audithya Nyayachavadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Madison Mooney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Kory Schlingman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Simon Rondeau‐Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
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5
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Taheri HE, Ocheje MU, St. Onge PBJ, Rondeau-Gagné S, Mirhassani M. Computational Design of an Integrated CMOS Readout Circuit for Sensing With Organic Field-Effect Transistors. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2021.725008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are at the forefront of next generation electronics. This class of devices is particularly promising due to the possibility of fabrication on mechanically compliant and conformable substrates, and potential manufacturing at large scale through solution deposition techniques. However, their integration in circuits, especially using stretchable materials, is still challenging. In this work, the design and implementation of a novel structure for an integrated CMOS readout circuitry is presented and its fundamentals of operation are provided. Critical for sensing applications, the readout circuitry described is highly linear. Moreover, as several sources of mismatch and error are present in CMOS and OFET devices, a calibration technique is used to cancel out all the mismatches, thus delivering a reliable output. The readout circuit is verified in TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The maximum total power consumption in the proposed readout circuit is less than 571 μW, while fully loaded calibration circuit consumes a power less than 153 μW, making it suitable for sensors applications. Based on previously reported high mobility and stretchable semiconducting polymers, this new design and readout circuitry is an important step toward a broader utilization of OFETs and the design of stretchable sensors.
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6
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Mooney M, Wang Y, Nyayachavadi A, Zhang S, Gu X, Rondeau-Gagné S. Enhancing the Solubility of Semiconducting Polymers in Eco-Friendly Solvents with Carbohydrate-Containing Side Chains. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25175-25185. [PMID: 34006092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymers are at the forefront of next-generation organic electronics due to their robust mechanical and optoelectronic properties. However, their extended π-conjugation often leads to materials with low solubilities in common organic solvents, thus requiring processing in high-boiling-point and toxic halogenated solvents to generate thin-film devices. To address this environmental concern, a natural product-inspired side-chain engineering approach was used to incorporate galactose-containing moieties into semiconducting polymers toward improved processability in greener solvents. Novel isoindigo-based polymers with different ratios of galactose-containing side chains were synthesized to improve the solubilities of the organic semiconductors in alcohol-based solvents. The addition of carbohydrate-containing side chains to π-conjugated polymers was found to considerably impact the intermolecular aggregation of the materials and their microstructures in the solid state as confirmed by atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. The charge transport characteristics of the new semiconductors were evaluated by the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors prepared from both toxic halogenated and greener alcohol-based solvents. Importantly, the incorporation of carbohydrate-containing side chains was shown to have very little detrimental impact on the electronic properties of the polymer when processed from green solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Mooney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Audithya Nyayachavadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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7
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Pignanelli J, Qian Z, Gu X, Ahamed MJ, Rondeau-Gagné S. Modulating the thermomechanical properties and self-healing efficiency of siloxane-based soft polymers through metal–ligand coordination. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01119c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An efficient strategy to modulate the thermomechanical properties and self-healing of soft polymers has been developed by rationally selecting the metal used for supramolecular crosslinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pignanelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe)
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- The University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices
- The University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Mohammed Jalal Ahamed
- Department of Mechanical
- Automotive and Materials Engineering
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe)
- University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada
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8
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Langlois A, Mason GT, Nguyen MHL, Rezapour M, Karsenti PL, Marquardt D, Rondeau-Gagné S. Photophysical and Optical Properties of Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles Prepared from Hyaluronic Acid and Polysorbate 80. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:22591-22600. [PMID: 31909343 PMCID: PMC6941380 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A nanoprecipitation procedure was utilized to prepare novel diketopyrrolopyrrole-based semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) with hyaluronic acid (HA) and polysorbate 80. The nanoprecipitation led to the formation of spherical nanoparticles with average diameters ranging from 100 to 200 nm, and a careful control over the structure of the parent conjugated polymers was performed to probe the influence of π-conjugation on the final photophysical and thermal stability of the resulting SPNs. Upon generation of a series of novel SPNs, the optical and photophysical properties of the new nanomaterials were probed in solution using various techniques including transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, transient absorption, and UV-vis spectroscopy. A careful comparison was performed between the different SPNs to evaluate their excited-state dynamics and photophysical properties, both before and after nanoprecipitation. Interestingly, although soluble in organic solution, the nanoparticles were found to exhibit aggregative behavior, resulting in SPNs that exhibit excited-state behaviors that are very similar to aggregated polymer solutions. Based on these findings, the formation of HA- and polysorbate 80-based nanoparticles does not influence the photophysical properties of the conjugated polymers, thus opening new opportunities for the design of bioimaging agents and nanomaterials for health-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Langlois
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre
of Research (AMCORe) and Department of Physics, University
of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Gage T. Mason
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre
of Research (AMCORe) and Department of Physics, University
of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Michael H. L. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre
of Research (AMCORe) and Department of Physics, University
of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Rezapour
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre
of Research (AMCORe) and Department of Physics, University
of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | | | - Drew Marquardt
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre
of Research (AMCORe) and Department of Physics, University
of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre
of Research (AMCORe) and Department of Physics, University
of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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9
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Pignanelli J, Billet B, Straeten M, Prado M, Schlingman K, Ahamed MJ, Rondeau-Gagné S. Imine and metal-ligand dynamic bonds in soft polymers for autonomous self-healing capacitive-based pressure sensors. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:7654-7662. [PMID: 31486472 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01254k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a facile and simple yet effective method to generate intrinsic autonomous self-healing polymers was developed, leading to new materials that can be easily fine-tuned both mechanically and chemically. The new materials were designed to incorporate two dynamic and reversible types of chemical bonds, namely dynamic imine and metal-coordinating bonds, to enable autonomous self-healing, controlled degradability and ultra-high tunable stretchability (up to 800% strain) based on the ratio of metal to ligand incorporated. Through an easy condensation reaction, imine bonds are generated at the end-termini of a short siloxane chain. The new dynamic system was characterized by a variety of techniques, including tensile-pull strain testing, atomic force microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy, which showed that the highly dynamic imine bonds, combined with coordination with Fe2+ ions, allow for the material to regenerate 88% of its mechanical strength after physical damage. The materials were also controlled to be degraded in mild acidic conditions. Lastly, application in self-healable electronics was demonstrated through the fabrication of a capacitive-based pressure sensor, which shows good sensitivity and dynamic response (∼0.33 kPa-1) before and after healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pignanelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Blandine Billet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Matthew Straeten
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Michaela Prado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Kory Schlingman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Mohammed Jalal Ahamed
- Department of Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
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10
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Selivanova M, Zhang S, Billet B, Malik A, Prine N, Landry E, Gu X, Xiang P, Rondeau-Gagné S. Branched Polyethylene as a Plasticizing Additive to Modulate the Mechanical Properties of π-Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Selivanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Blandine Billet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Aleena Malik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Nathaniel Prine
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Eric Landry
- PolyAnalytik Inc., 700 Collip Circle, Suite 202, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 4X8
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Peng Xiang
- PolyAnalytik Inc., 700 Collip Circle, Suite 202, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 4X8
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
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11
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Fan X, Nie W, Tsai H, Wang N, Huang H, Cheng Y, Wen R, Ma L, Yan F, Xia Y. PEDOT:PSS for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: Modifications, Strategies, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900813. [PMID: 31592415 PMCID: PMC6774040 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Substantial effort has been devoted to both scientific and technological developments of wearable, flexible, semitransparent, and sensing electronics (e.g., organic/perovskite photovoltaics, organic thin-film transistors, and medical sensors) in the past decade. The key to realizing those functionalities is essentially the fabrication of conductive electrodes with desirable mechanical properties. Conductive polymers (CPs) of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) have emerged to be the most promising flexible electrode materials over rigid metallic oxides and play a critical role in these unprecedented devices as transparent electrodes, hole transport layers, interconnectors, electroactive layers, or motion-sensing conductors. Here, the current status of research on PEDOT:PSS is summarized including various approaches to boosting the electrical conductivity and mechanical compliance and stability, directly linked to the underlying mechanism of the performance enhancements. Along with the basic principles, the most cutting edge-progresses in devices with PEDOT:PSS are highlighted. Meanwhile, the advantages and plausible problems of the CPs and as-fabricated devices are pointed out. Finally, new perspectives are given for CP modifications and device fabrications. This work stresses the importance of developing CP films and reveals their critical role in the evolution of these next-generation devices featuring wearable, deformable, printable, ultrathin, and see-through characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
| | - Wanyi Nie
- Division of Materials Physics and ApplicationLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Hsinhan Tsai
- Division of Materials Physics and ApplicationLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA
| | - Naixiang Wang
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Huihui Huang
- School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan UniversityChangsha410082China
| | - Yajun Cheng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
| | - Rongjiang Wen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan UniversityChangsha410082China
| | - Liujia Ma
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong999077China
| | - Yonggao Xia
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo315201China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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12
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Selivanova M, Chuang CH, Billet B, Malik A, Xiang P, Landry E, Chiu YC, Rondeau-Gagné S. Morphology and Electronic Properties of Semiconducting Polymer and Branched Polyethylene Blends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12723-12732. [PMID: 30854843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for influencing the solid-state morphology of conjugated polymers was developed through physical blending with a low-molecular-weight branched polyethylene. This nontoxic and low-boiling-point additive was blended with a high-charge-mobility diketopyrrolopyrrole-based conjugated polymer, and a detailed investigation of the new blended materials was performed by various characterization tools, including X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Interestingly, the branched additive was shown to reduce the crystallinity of the conjugated polymer while promoting aggregation and phase separation in the solid state. Upon thermal removal of the olefinic additive, the thin films maintained a lower crystallinity and aggregated morphology in comparison to a nonblended polymer. The semiconducting performance of the new branched polyethylene/conjugated polymer blends was also investigated in organic field-effect transistors, which showed a stable charge mobility of around 0.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 without thermal annealing, independent of the blending ratio. Furthermore, using the new polyethylene-based additive, the concentration of a conjugated polymer required for the fabrication of organic field-effect transistor devices was reduced down to 0.05 wt %, without affecting charge transport, which represents a significant improvement compared to usual concentrations used for solution deposition. Our results demonstrate that the physical blending of a conjugated polymer with nontoxic, low-molecular-weight branched polyethylene is a promising strategy for the modification and fine-tuning of the solid-state morphology of conjugated polymers without sacrificing their charge-transport properties, thus creating new opportunities for the large-scale processing of organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Selivanova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor, Essex Centre of Research (CORe) , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Ching-Heng Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Blandine Billet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor, Essex Centre of Research (CORe) , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Aleena Malik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor, Essex Centre of Research (CORe) , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Peng Xiang
- PolyAnalytik Inc , 700 Collip Circle, Suite 202 , London , Ontario N6G 4X8 , Canada
| | - Eric Landry
- PolyAnalytik Inc , 700 Collip Circle, Suite 202 , London , Ontario N6G 4X8 , Canada
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 106 , Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor, Essex Centre of Research (CORe) , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
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13
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St. Onge PBJ, Ocheje MU, Selivanova M, Rondeau‐Gagné S. Recent Advances in Mechanically Robust and Stretchable Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2018; 19:1008-1027. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Blake J. St. Onge
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Michael U. Ocheje
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Mariia Selivanova
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Simon Rondeau‐Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Windsor 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4
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14
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Ocheje MU, Selivanova M, Zhang S, Van Nguyen TH, Charron BP, Chuang CH, Cheng YH, Billet B, Noori S, Chiu YC, Gu X, Rondeau-Gagné S. Influence of amide-containing side chains on the mechanical properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An efficient strategy to modify the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers has been developed through the incorporation of amide moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | | | - Brynn P. Charron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Canada
| | - Ching-Heng Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Blandine Billet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Canada
| | - Suendues Noori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Windsor
- Canada
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
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15
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Ho DH, Song R, Sun Q, Park WH, Kim SY, Pang C, Kim DH, Kim SY, Lee J, Cho JH. Crack-Enhanced Microfluidic Stretchable E-Skin Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44678-44686. [PMID: 29205030 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We reported the development of a transparent stretchable crack-enhanced microfluidic capacitive sensor array for use in E-skin applications. The microfluidic sensor was fabricated through a simple lamination process involving two silver nanowire (AgNW)-embedded rubbery microfluidic channels arranged in a crisscross fashion. The sensing performance was optimized by testing a variety of sensing liquids injected into the channels. External mechanical stimuli applied to the sensor induced the liquid to penetrate the deformed microcracks on the rubber channel surface. The increased interfacial contact area between the liquid and the nanowire electrodes increased the capacitance of the sensor. The device sensitivity was strongly related to both the initial fluid interface between the liquid and crack wall and the change in the contact length of the liquid and crack wall, which were simulated using the finite element method. The microfluidic sensor was shown to detect a wide range of pressures, 0.1-140 kPa. Ordinary human motions, including substantial as well as slight muscle movements, could be successively detected, and 2D color mappings of simultaneous external load sensing were collected. Our simple method of fabricating the microfluidic channels and the application of these channels to stretchable e-skin sensors offers an excellent sensing platform that is highly compatible with emerging medical and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qijun Sun
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Won-Hyeong Park
- Interaction Lab, ATRC, Korea University of Technology and Education , Cheonan 31253, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University , Seoul 156-743, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Do Hwan Kim
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University , Seoul 156-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Lab, ATRC, Korea University of Technology and Education , Cheonan 31253, Republic of Korea
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Root SE, Savagatrup S, Printz AD, Rodriquez D, Lipomi DJ. Mechanical Properties of Organic Semiconductors for Stretchable, Highly Flexible, and Mechanically Robust Electronics. Chem Rev 2017; 117:6467-6499. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E. Root
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Adam D. Printz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Daniel Rodriquez
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Darren J. Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
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17
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18
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Zhuang X, Huang W, Yang X, Han S, Li L, Yu J. Biocompatible/Degradable Silk Fibroin:Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Blended Dielectric Layer Towards High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistor. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:439. [PMID: 27709560 PMCID: PMC5052155 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible silk fibroin (SF):poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends were prepared as the dielectric layers of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Compared with those with pure SF dielectric layer, an optimal threshold voltage of ~0 V, high on/off ratio of ~104, and enhanced field-effect mobility of 0.22 cm2/Vs of OFETs were obtained by carefully controlling the weight ratio of SF:PVA blends to 7:5. Through the morphology characterization of dielectrics and organic semiconductors by utilizing atom force microscopy and electrical characterization of the devices, the performance improvement of OFETs with SF:PVA hybrid gate dielectric layers were attributed to the smooth and homogeneous morphology of blend dielectrics. Furthermore, due to lower charge carrier trap density, the OFETs based on SF:PVA-blended dielectric exhibited a higher bias stability than those based on pure SF dielectric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054 China
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center Northwestern University, 2145, Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Xin Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Shijiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Lu Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054 China
- Co-Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160 China
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19
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Qian Y, Zhang X, Xie L, Qi D, Chandran BK, Chen X, Huang W. Stretchable Organic Semiconductor Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:9243-9265. [PMID: 27573694 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics are essential for the development of intensely packed collapsible and portable electronics, wearable electronics, epidermal and bioimplanted electronics, 3D surface compliable devices, bionics, prosthesis, and robotics. However, most stretchable devices are currently based on inorganic electronics, whose high cost of fabrication and limited processing area make it difficult to produce inexpensive, large-area devices. Therefore, organic stretchable electronics are highly attractive due to many advantages over their inorganic counterparts, such as their light weight, flexibility, low cost and large-area solution-processing, the reproducible semiconductor resources, and the easy tuning of their properties via molecular tailoring. Among them, stretchable organic semiconductor devices have become a hot and fast-growing research field, in which great advances have been made in recent years. These fantastic advances are summarized here, focusing on stretchable organic field-effect transistors, light-emitting devices, solar cells, and memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qian
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dianpeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bevita K Chandran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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20
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Wu T, Chen B. Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polyborosiloxane Nanocomposites with Mechanically Adaptive and Self-Healing Capabilities for Flexible Conductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24071-24078. [PMID: 27530233 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic self-healing polyborosiloxane (PBS) and its multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced nanocomposites were synthesized from hydroxyl terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and boric acid at room temperature. The formation of Si-O-B moiety in PBS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. PBS and its MWCNT-reinforced nanocomposites were found possessing water- or methanol-activated mechanically adaptive behaviors; the compressive modulus decreased substantially when exposed to water or methanol vapor and recovered their high value after the stimulus was removed. The compressive modulus was reduced by 76%, 86%, 90%, and 83% for neat PBS and its nanocomposites containing 3.0, 6.2, and 13.3 wt % MWCNTs, respectively, in water vapor, and the modulus reduction activated by methanol vapor was greater than by water vapor. MWCNTs at higher contents acted as a continuous electrical channel in PBS offering electrical conductivity, which was up to 1.21 S/cm for the nanocomposite containing 13.3 wt % MWCNTs. The MWCNT-reinforced PBS nanocomposites also showed excellent mechanically and electrically self-healing properties, moldability, and adhesion to PDMS elastomer substrate. These properties enabled a straightforward fabrication of self-repairing MWCNT/PBS electronic circuits on PDMS elastomer substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield , Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Biqiong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield , Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
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21
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Chortos A, Liu J, Bao Z. Pursuing prosthetic electronic skin. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:937-50. [PMID: 27376685 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 848] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Skin plays an important role in mediating our interactions with the world. Recreating the properties of skin using electronic devices could have profound implications for prosthetics and medicine. The pursuit of artificial skin has inspired innovations in materials to imitate skin's unique characteristics, including mechanical durability and stretchability, biodegradability, and the ability to measure a diversity of complex sensations over large areas. New materials and fabrication strategies are being developed to make mechanically compliant and multifunctional skin-like electronics, and improve brain/machine interfaces that enable transmission of the skin's signals into the body. This Review will cover materials and devices designed for mimicking the skin's ability to sense and generate biomimetic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Chortos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Mousavinia SE, Hajati S, Ghaedi M, Dashtian K. Novel nanorose-like Ce(iii)-doped and undoped Cu(ii)–biphenyl-4,4-dicarboxylic acid (Cu(ii)–BPDCA) MOSs as visible light photocatalysts: synthesis, characterization, photodegradation of toxic dyes and optimization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11278-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00910g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel nanorose-like metal organic system (MOS) based on Cu(ii) and biphenyl-4,4-dicarboxylic acid (Cu–BPDCA) doped by Ce(iii) was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized via EDS, FE-SEM, XRD, DRS and FT-IR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Hajati
- Department of Physics
- Yasouj University
- Yasouj
- Iran
| | - M. Ghaedi
- Chemistry Department
- Yasouj University
- Yasouj
- Iran
| | - K. Dashtian
- Chemistry Department
- Yasouj University
- Yasouj
- Iran
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Printz AD, Zaretski AV, Savagatrup S, Chiang ASC, Lipomi DJ. Yield Point of Semiconducting Polymer Films on Stretchable Substrates Determined by Onset of Buckling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23257-64. [PMID: 26437763 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical buckling of thin films on elastomeric substrates is often used to determine the mechanical properties of polymers whose scarcity precludes obtaining a stress-strain curve. Although the modulus and crack-onset strain can readily be obtained by such film-on-elastomer systems, information critical to the development of flexible, stretchable, and mechanically robust electronics (i.e., the range of strains over which the material exhibits elastic behavior) cannot be measured easily. This paper describes a new technique called laser determination of yield point (LADYP), in which a polymer film on an elastic substrate is subjected to cycles of tensile strain that incrementally increase in steps of 1% (i.e., 0% → 1% → 0% → 2% → 0% → 3% → 0%, etc.). The formation of buckles manifests as a diffraction pattern obtained using a laser, and represents the onset of plastic deformation, or the yield point of the polymer. In the series of conjugated polymers poly(3-alkylthiophene), where the alkyl chain is pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, and dodecyl, the yield point is found to increase with increasing length of the side chain (from approximately 5% to 15% over this range when holding the thickness between ∼200 and 300 nm). A skin-depth effect is observed in which films of <150 nm thickness exhibit substantially greater yield points, up to 40% for poly(3-dodecylthiophene). Along with the tensile modulus obtained by the conventional analysis of the buckling instability, knowledge of the yield point allows one to calculate the modulus of resilience. Combined with knowledge of the crack-onset strain, one can estimate the total energy absorbed by the film (i.e., the modulus of toughness).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Printz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Aliaksandr V Zaretski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Suchol Savagatrup
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Andrew S-C Chiang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Darren J Lipomi
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0448, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
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