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Wang HY, Su J, Zuo JL. Porous Crystalline Materials Based on Tetrathiafulvalene and Its Analogues: Assembly, Charge Transfer, and Applications. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1851-1869. [PMID: 38902854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe directed synthesis and functionalization of porous crystalline materials pose significant challenges for chemists. The synergistic integration of different functionalities within an ordered molecular material holds great significance for expanding its applications as functional materials. The presence of coordination bonds connected by inorganic and organic components in molecular materials can not only increase the structural diversity of materials but also modulate the electronic structure and band gap, which further regulates the physical and chemical properties of molecular materials. In fact, porous crystalline materials with coordination bonds, which inherit the merits of both organic and inorganic materials, already showcase their superior advantages in optical, electrical, and magnetic applications. In addition to the inorganic components that provide structural rigidity, organic ligands of various types serve as crucial connectors in the construction of functional porous crystalline materials. In addition, redox activity can endow organic linkers with electrochemical activity, thereby making them a perfect platform for the study of charge transfer with atom-resolved single-crystal structures, and they can additionally serve as stimuli-responsive sites in sensor devices and smart materials.In this Account, we introduce the synthesis, structural characteristics, and applications of porous crystalline materials based on the famous redox-active units, tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and its analogues, by primarily focusing on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). TTF, a sulfur-rich conjugated molecule with two reversible and easily accessible oxidation states (i.e., radical TTF•+ cation and TTF2+ dication), and its analogues boast special electrical characteristics that enable them to display switchable redox activity and stimuli-responsive properties. These inherent properties contribute to the enhancement of the optical, electrical, and magnetic characteristics of the resultant porous crystalline materials. Moreover, delving into the charge transfer phenomena, which is key for the electrochemical process within these materials, uncovers a myriad of potential functional applications. The Account is organized into five main sections that correspond to the different properties and applications of these materials: optical, electrical, and magnetic functionalities; energy storage and conversion; and catalysis. Each section provides detailed discussions of synthetic methods, structural characteristics, the physical and chemical properties, and the functional performances of highlighted examples. The Account also discusses future directions by emphasizing the exploration of novel organic units, the transformation between radical cation TTF•+ and dication TTF2+, and the integration of multifunctionalities within these frameworks to foster the development of smart materials for enhanced performance across diverse applications. Through this Account, we aim to highlight the massive potential of TTF and its analogues-based porous crystals in chemistry and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, P. R. China
| | - Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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2
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Hefayathullah M, Singh S, Ganesan V, Maduraiveeran G. Metal-organic frameworks for biomedical applications: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103210. [PMID: 38865745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emergent materials in diverse prospective biomedical uses, owing to their inherent features such as adjustable pore dimension and volume, well-defined active sites, high surface area, and hybrid structures. The multifunctionality and unique chemical and biological characteristics of MOFs allow them as ideal platforms for sensing numerous emergent biomolecules with real-time monitoring towards the point-of-care applications. This review objects to deliver key insights on the topical developments of MOFs for biomedical applications. The rational design, preparation of stable MOF architectures, chemical and biological properties, biocompatibility, enzyme-mimicking materials, fabrication of biosensor platforms, and the exploration in diagnostic and therapeutic systems are compiled. The state-of-the-art, major challenges, and the imminent perspectives to improve the progressions convoluted outside the proof-of-concept, especially for biosensor platforms, imaging, and photodynamic therapy in biomedical research are also described. The present review may excite the interdisciplinary studies at the juncture of MOFs and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hefayathullah
- Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Smita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vellaichamy Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Govindhan Maduraiveeran
- Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Wang L, Daru A, Jangid B, Chen JH, Jiang N, Patel SN, Gagliardi L, Anderson JS. Aliovalent Substitution Tunes Physical Properties in a Conductive Bis(dithiolene) Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12063-12073. [PMID: 38635332 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conductive metal-organic frameworks have emerged as promising electronic materials for applications in (opto)electronic, thermoelectric, magnetic, electrocatalytic, and energy storage devices. Many bottom-up or postsynthetic protocols have been developed to isolate these materials or further modulate their electronic properties. However, some methodologies commonly used in classic semiconductors, notably, aliovalent substitution, are conspicuously absent. Here, we demonstrate how aliovalent Fe(III) to Ni(II) substitution enables the isolation of a Ni bis(dithiolene) material from a previously reported Fe analogue. Detailed characterization supports the idea that aliovalent substitution of Fe(III) to Ni(II) results in an in situ oxidation of the organic dithiolene linker. This substitution-induced redox tuning modulates the electronic properties in the system, leading to higher electrical conductivity and Hall mobility but slightly lower carrier densities and weaker antiferromagnetic interactions. Moreover, this aliovalent substitution improves the material's electrochemical stability and thus enables pseudocapacitive behavior in the Ni material. These results demonstrate how classic aliovalent substitution strategies in semiconductors can also be leveraged in conductive MOFs and add further support to this class of compounds as emerging electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Andrea Daru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bhavnesh Jangid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jie-Hao Chen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ningxin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shrayesh N Patel
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John S Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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4
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Li J, Kumar A, Ott S. Diffusional Electron Transport Coupled to Thermodynamically Driven Electron Transfers in Redox-Conductive Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12000-12010. [PMID: 38639553 PMCID: PMC11066865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The development of redox-conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and the fundamental understanding of charge propagation through these materials are central to their applications in energy storage, electronics, and catalysis. To answer some unresolved questions about diffusional electron hopping transport and redox conductivity, mixed-linker MOFs were constructed from two statistically distributed redox-active linkers, pyromellitic diimide bis-pyrazolate (PMDI) and naphthalene diimide bis-pyrazolate (NDI), and grown as crystalline thin films on conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Owing to the distinct redox properties of the linkers, four well-separated and reversible redox events are resolved by cyclic voltammetry, and the mixed-linker MOFs can exist in five discrete redox states. Each state is characterized by a unique spectroscopic signature, and the interconversions between the states can be followed spectroscopically under operando conditions. With the help of pulsed step-potential spectrochronoamperometry, two modes of electron propagation through the mixed-linker MOF are identified: diffusional electron hopping transport between linkers of the same type and a second channel that arises from thermodynamically driven electron transfers between linkers of different types. Corresponding to the four redox events of the mixed-linker MOFs, four distinct bell-shaped redox conductivity profiles are observed at a steady state. The magnitude of the maximum redox conductivity is evidenced to be dependent on the distance between redox hopping sites, analogous to the situation for apparent electron diffusion coefficients, Deapp, that are obtained in transient experiments. The design of mixed-linker redox-conductive MOFs and detailed studies of their charge transport properties present new opportunities for future applications of MOFs, in particular, within electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Li
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amol Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Chemistry—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Park S, Lee J, Kim B, Jung CY, Bae SE, Kang J, Moon D, Park J. Radical-Driven Crystal-Amorphous-Crystal Transition of a Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9293-9301. [PMID: 38516847 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly-based structural transition has been explored for various applications, including molecular machines, sensors, and drug delivery. In this study, we developed new redox-active metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) called DGIST-10 series that comprise π-acidic 1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based ligands and Ni2+ ions, aiming to boost ligand-self-assembly-driven structural transition and study the involved mechanism. Notably, during the synthesis of the MOFs, a single-crystal-amorphous-single-crystal structural transition occurred within the MOFs upon radical formation, which was ascribed to the fact that radicals prefer spin-pairing or through-space electron delocalization by π-orbital overlap. The radical-formation-induced structural transitions were further confirmed by the postsynthetic solvothermal treatment of isolated nonradical MOF crystals. Notably, the transient amorphous phase without morphological disintegration was clearly observed, contributing to the seminal structural change of the MOF. We believe that this unprecedented structural transition triggered by the ligand self-assembly magnifies the structural flexibility and diversity of MOFs, which is one of the pivotal aspects of MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Park
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyung Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkyeom Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Yong Jung
- Nuclear Chemistry Technology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Bae
- Nuclear Chemistry Technology Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Joongoo Kang
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Moon
- Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory/POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Park
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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6
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Casas J, Pianca D, Le Breton N, Jouaiti A, Gourlaouen C, Desage-El Murr M, Le Vot S, Choua S, Ferlay S. Alloxazine-Based Ligands Appended with Coordinating Groups: Synthesis, Electrochemical Studies, and Formation of Coordination Polymers. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4802-4806. [PMID: 38428038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Three new ligands based on the alloxazine core appended with pyridyl coordinating groups have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. The ligands are revealed to be redox-active in DMF solution, as attested to by CV and combined CV/EPR studies. The spin of the reduced species appears to be delocalized on the alloxazine core, as attested to by DFT calculations. The coordination abilities of one of the ligands toward Cu2+ or Ni2+ 3d cations revealed the formation of the first alloxazine-based 3D coordination polymers, presenting strong π-π stacking and substantial cavities. Preliminarily charge/discharge experiments in Li batteries evidence Li+ insertion in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaison Casas
- CNRS, CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, Strasbourg 67081, Cedex, France
| | - David Pianca
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Nolwenn Le Breton
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Abdelaziz Jouaiti
- CNRS, CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, Strasbourg 67081, Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Marine Desage-El Murr
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Steven Le Vot
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34000, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l'Énergie (RS2E), CNRS, Amiens 80000, France
| | - Sylvie Choua
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Sylvie Ferlay
- CNRS, CMC UMR 7140, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, Strasbourg 67081, Cedex, France
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7
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Lehtonen A. Metal Complexes of Redox Non-Innocent Ligand N, N'-Bis(3,5-di- tertbutyl-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,2-phenylenediamine. Molecules 2024; 29:1088. [PMID: 38474599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox non-innocent ligands react with metal precursors to form complexes where the oxidation states of the ligand and thus the metal atom cannot be easily defined. A well-known example of such ligands is bis(o-aminophenol) N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tertbutyl-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-1,2-phenylenediamine, previously developed by the Wieghardt group, which has a potentially tetradentate coordination mode and four distinct protonation states, whereas its electrochemical behavior allows for five distinct oxidation states. This rich redox chemistry, as well as the ability to coordinate to various transition metals, has been utilized in the syntheses of metal complexes with M2L, ML and ML2 stoichiometries, sometimes supported with other ligands. Different oxidation states of the ligand can adopt different coordination modes. For example, in the fully oxidized form, two N donors are sp2-hybridized, which makes the ligand planar, whereas in the fully reduced form, the sp3-hybridized N donors allow the formation of more flexible chelate structures. In general, the metal can be reduced during complexation, but redox processes of the isolated complexes typically occur on the ligand. Combination of this non-innocent ligand with redox-active transition metals may lead to complexes with interesting magnetic, electrochemical, photonic and catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Lehtonen
- Intelligent Materials Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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8
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Mi J, Li Q, Li B, Wang W, Wang S, Zheng F, Guo G. Efficient Direct X-ray Detection and Imaging Based on a Lead-Free Electron Donor-Acceptor MOF. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9002-9011. [PMID: 38344979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently gained extensive attention as potential materials for direct radiation detection due to their strong radiation absorption, long-range order, and chemical tunability. However, it remains challenging to develop a practical MOF-based X-ray direct detector that possesses high X-ray detection efficiency, radiation stability, and environmental friendliness. The integration of donor-acceptor (D-A) pairs into crystalline MOFs is a powerful strategy for the precise fabrication of multifunctional materials with unique optoelectronic properties. Herein, a new lead-free MOF, Cu2I2(TPPA) (CuI-TPPA, TPPA = tris[4-(pyridine-4-yl)phenyl]amine), with a 6-fold interpenetrated structure is designed and synthesized based on the electron donor-acceptor strategy. CuI-TPPA has a large mobility-lifetime (μτ) product of 5.8 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 and a high detection sensitivity of 73.1 μC Gyair-1 cm-2, surpassing that of commercial α-Se detectors. Moreover, the detector remains fairly stable with only a 2% reduction in photocurrent under continuous bias irradiation conditions with a total dose of over 42.83 Gyair. The CuI-TPPA/poly(vinylidene fluoride) flexible composite X-ray detector films are successfully manufactured with different thicknesses. Through multifaceted assessments, the optimal thickness is found with a high detection sensitivity of up to 143.6 μC Gyair-1 cm-2. As proof-of-concept, 11 × 9 pixelated X-ray detectors are fabricated on the same composite film to realize X-ray direct imaging. This work opens up potential applications of MOFs in environmentally friendly and wearable devices for direct X-ray detection and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Mi
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Baoyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shuaihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Fakun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Guocong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
- Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Muñoz J. Rational Design of Stimuli-Responsive Inorganic 2D Materials via Molecular Engineering: Toward Molecule-Programmable Nanoelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305546. [PMID: 37906953 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible. Succeeding graphene, emerging inorganic 2D materials (i2DMs) have been identified as alternative 2D materials to harbor a variety of active molecular components to move the current silicon-based semiconductor technology forward to a post-Moore era focused on molecule-based information processing components. In this regard, i2DMs benefits are not only for their prominent physiochemical properties (e.g., the existence of bandgap), but also for their high surface-to-volume ratio rich in reactive sites. Nonetheless, since this field is still in an early stage, having knowledge of both i) the different strategies for molecularly functionalizing the current library of i2DMs, and ii) the different types of active molecular components is a sine qua non condition for a rational design of stimuli-responsive i2DMs capable of performing logical operations at the molecular level. Consequently, this Review provides a comprehensive tutorial for covalently anchoring ad hoc molecular components-as active units triggered by different external inputs-onto pivotal i2DMs to assess their role in the expanding field of molecule-programmable nanoelectronics for electrically monitoring bistable molecular switches. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of this emerging field which crosses materials chemistry with computation are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Muñoz
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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10
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Gerhards L, Werr M, Hübner O, Solov'yov IA, Himmel HJ. Peculiar Differences between Two Copper Complexes Containing Similar Redox-Active Ligands: Density Functional and Multiconfigurational Calculations. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:961-975. [PMID: 38157840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes featuring redox-active ligands often exhibit multiple redox states, influenced by the interplay between the metal center and the ligand. This study delves into the electronic structures of two mononuclear complexes of copper with two similar redox-active urea azine ligands. The ligands differ by the replacement of an NCH3 moiety by an S atom in the ligand backbone. Experimental analysis yields pronounced electronic structural disparities between these complexes, observable in both the solution and solid phases. Conventional quantum chemical methods, such as density functional theory using different functionals (B3LYP, TPSSh, and CAM-B3LYP), remain inadequate to rationalize the observed spectroscopic anomalies. However, a multiconfigurational approach elucidates the disparate behaviors of these complexes. Multireference perturbation theory, based on complete active space self-consistent field computations, identifies Cu(I) in the case of the complex with the NCH3 containing ligands and a state with substantial Cu(II) contributions in the case of the complex with the S atom containing ligands. In contrast, DFT indicates Cu(I) in both scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gerhards
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Street 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Marco Werr
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ilia A Solov'yov
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Street 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von OssietzkyUniversität Oldenburg, Institut Für Physik, Ammerländer Heerstreet 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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11
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Melo BAV, Gregório Junior DF, de Oliveira MT, de Jesus Trindade F, van de Streek J, Ferreira FF, Brochsztain S. Synthesis and Characterization of Two Novel Naphthalenediimide/Zinc Phosphonate Crystalline Materials Precipitated from Different Solvents. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1748-1756. [PMID: 38222663 PMCID: PMC10785331 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid naphthalenediimide/zinc phosphonate materials (NDI/Zn) were prepared by mixing solutions of N,N'-bis(2-phosphonoethyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide (PNDI) and zinc nitrate, resulting in the precipitation of the desired compounds. Samples precipitated from water and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were produced. The obtained samples had the expected elemental composition, and the presence of naphthalenediimides (NDI) was ascertained by infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy. All the samples were crystalline, according to powder X-ray diffraction. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms showed the presence of porosity in the NDI/Zn samples. Mesopores with a diameter = 4.1 nm were present in the sample from DMF, with total pore volume reaching 0.13 cm3/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbra
Poly-Anna Vera Melo
- Center
for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, 09280-560 Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Troilo de Oliveira
- Center
for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, 09280-560 Santo André, Brazil
| | - Fabiane de Jesus Trindade
- Center
for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, 09280-560 Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Furlan Ferreira
- Center
for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal
University of ABC, 09280-560 Santo André, Brazil
| | - Sergio Brochsztain
- Center
for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, 09280-560 Santo André, Brazil
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12
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Fu SY, Chang CH, Ivanov AS, Popovs I, Chen JL, Liao YF, Liu HK, Chirra S, Chiang YW, Lee JC, Liu WL, Kaveevivitchai W, Chen TH. Mixed-Valence Cu I /Cu III Metal-Organic Frameworks with Non-innocent Ligand for Multielectron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312494. [PMID: 37703211 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
We report two novel three-dimensional copper-benzoquinoid metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Cu4 L3 ]n and [Cu4 L3 ⋅ Cu(iq)3 ]n (LH4 =1,4-dicyano-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxybenzene, iq=isoquinoline). Spectroscopic techniques and computational studies reveal the unprecedented mixed valency in MOFs, formal Cu(I)/Cu(III). This is the first time that formally Cu(III) species are witnessed in metal-organic extended solids. The coordination between the mixed-valence metal and redox-non-innocent ligand L, which promotes through-bond charge transfer between Cu metal sites, allows better metal-ligand orbital overlap of the d-π conjugation, leading to strong long-range delocalization and semiconducting behavior. Our findings highlight the significance of the unique mixed valency between formal Cu(I) and highly-covalent Cu(III), non-innocent ligand, and pore environments of these bench stable Cu(III)-containing frameworks on multielectron transfer and electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yuan Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Alexander S Ivanov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Ilja Popovs
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jeng-Lung Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fa Liao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Kuan Liu
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Suman Chirra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wei Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300-044, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chin Lee
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ling Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan
| | - Watchareeya Kaveevivitchai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
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13
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Ngue CM, Zhang YY, Leung MK. Exploring redox properties of a 3D Co-based framework with bis(triarylamine) terphenyl as a redox-active linker. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14157-14160. [PMID: 37955305 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A 3D Co-based metal-organic framework has been prepared, which contains a bis(triarylamine) with terphenyl units as a redox-active linker. Manipulation of the redox events via the electrochemical method confirmed that charge hopping is dominant within the 3D framework. Investigation of the in situ spectroelectrochemical properties within the structure leads to the formation of mono and dual radical cations obtained reversibly in two-steps due to the presence of two redox-active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-May Ngue
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yong-Yun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Man-Kit Leung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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14
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Shah SJ, Pandit YA, Garribba E, Ishida M, Rath SP. Stable Dication Diradicals of Triply Fused Metallo Chlorin-Porphyrin Heterodimers: Impact of the Bridge on the Control of Spin Coupling to Reactivity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301963. [PMID: 37602834 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
We report an unexpected rearrangement, controlled by the nature of the bridge, leading to the formation of novel, remarkably stable triply fused dinickel(II)/dicopper(II) chlorin-porphyrin dication diradical heterodimers in excellent yields. Here, a dipyrromethene bridge gets completely fused between two porphyrin macrocycles with two new C-C and one C-N bonds. The two macrocycles exhibit extensive π-conjugation through the bridge, which results in an antiferromagnetic coupling between the two π-cation radicals. In addition, the macrocyclic distortion also favours a rare intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction between the CuII and π-cation radical spins to form a triplet state. The structural and electronic perturbation in the unconjugated dication diradical possibly enables the bridging pyrrolic nitrogen to undergo a nucleophilic attack at the nearby β-carbon of the porphyrin π-cation radical with a computed free energy barrier of >20 kcal mol-1 which was supplied in the form of reflux condition to initiate such a rearrangement process. UV-vis, EPR and ESI-MS spectroscopies were used to monitor the rearrangement process in situ in order to identify the key reactive intermediates leading to such an unusual transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Jehanger Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Younis Ahmad Pandit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
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15
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Kumar A, Li J, Inge AK, Ott S. Electrochromism in Isoreticular Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films with Record High Coloration Efficiency. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21595-21603. [PMID: 37851935 PMCID: PMC10655172 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The power of isoreticular chemistry has been widely exploited to engineer metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with fascinating molecular sieving and storage properties but is underexplored for designing MOFs with tunable optoelectronic properties. Herein, three dipyrazole-terminated XDIs (X = PM (pyromellitic), N (naphthalene), or P (perylene); DI = diimide) with different lengths and electronic properties are prepared and employed as linkers for the construction of an isoreticular series of Zn-XDI MOFs with distinct electrochromism. The MOFs are grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as high-quality crystalline thin films and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Due to the constituting electronically isolated XDI linkers, each member of the isoreticular thin film series exhibits two reversible one-electron redox events, each at a distinct electrochemical potential. The orientation of the MOFs as thin films as well as their isoreticular nature results in identical cation-coupled electron hopping transport rates in all three materials, as demonstrated by comparable apparent electron diffusion coefficients, Deapp. Upon electrochemical reduction to either the [XDI]•- or [XDI]2- state, each MOF undergoes characteristic changes in its optical properties as a function of linker length and redox state of the linker. Operando spectroelectrochemistry measurements reveal that Zn-PDI@FTO (PDI = perylene diimide) thin films exhibit a record high coloration efficiency of 941 cm2 C-1 at 746 nm, which is attributed to the maximized Faradaic transformations at each electronically isolated PDI unit. The electrochromic response of the thin film is retained to more than 99% over 100 reduction-oxidation cycles, demonstrating the applicability of the presented materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jingguo Li
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Ken Inge
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Seselj N, Alfaro SM, Bompolaki E, Cleemann LN, Torres T, Azizi K. Catalyst Development for High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302207. [PMID: 37151102 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A constant increase in global emission standard is causing fuel cell (FC) technology to gain importance. Over the last two decades, a great deal of research has been focused on developing more active catalysts to boost the performance of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC), as well as their durability. Due to material degradation at high-temperature conditions, catalyst design becomes challenging. Two main approaches are suggested: (i) alloying platinum (Pt) with low-cost transition metals to reduce Pt usage, and (ii) developing novel catalyst support that anchor metal particles more efficiently while inhibiting corrosion phenomena. In this comprehensive review, the most recent platinum group metal (PGM) and platinum group metal free (PGM-free) catalyst development is detailed, as well as the development of alternative carbon (C) supports for HT-PEMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedjeljko Seselj
- Blue World Technologies, Egeskovvej 6C, Kvistgaard, 3490, Denmark
| | - Silvia M Alfaro
- Blue World Technologies, Egeskovvej 6C, Kvistgaard, 3490, Denmark
| | | | - Lars N Cleemann
- Blue World Technologies, Egeskovvej 6C, Kvistgaard, 3490, Denmark
| | - Tomas Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday, 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Kobra Azizi
- Blue World Technologies, Egeskovvej 6C, Kvistgaard, 3490, Denmark
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17
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Monnier V, Odobel F, Diring S. Exploring the Impact of Successive Redox Events in Thin Films of Metal-Organic Frameworks: An Absorptiometric Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19232-19242. [PMID: 37615947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring redox activity are highly appealing for electrocatalytic or charge accumulation applications. An important aspect in this field is the ability to address as many redox centers as possible in the material by an efficient diffusion of charges. Herein, we investigate for the first time the charge diffusion processes occurring upon two sequential one-electron reductions in an MOF thin film. Two pyrazolate-zinc(II)-based MOFs including highly electro-deficient perylene diimide (PDI) ligands were grown on conducting substrates, affording thin films with double n-type electrochromic properties as characterized by spectroelectrochemical analysis. In depth electrochemical and chronoabsorptiometric investigations were carried out to probe the charge diffusion in the MOF layers and highlighted significant differences in terms of diffusion kinetics and material stability between the first and second successive reduction of the redox-active PDI linkers. Our results show that MOFs based on multiredox centers are more sensitive to encumbrance-related issues than their monoredox analogues in the context of electrochemical applications, an observation that further underlines the fundamental aspect of careful pore dimensions toward efficient and fast ion diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Monnier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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18
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Li J, Kumar A, Johnson BA, Ott S. Experimental manifestation of redox-conductivity in metal-organic frameworks and its implication for semiconductor/insulator switching. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4388. [PMID: 37474545 PMCID: PMC10359279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Electric conductivity in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) follows either a band-like or a redox-hopping charge transport mechanism. While conductivity by the band-like mechanism is theoretically and experimentally well established, the field has struggled to experimentally demonstrate redox conductivity that is promoted by the electron hopping mechanism. Such redox conductivity is predicted to maximize at the mid-point potential of the redox-active units in the MOF, and decline rapidly when deviating from this situation. Herein, we present direct experimental evidence for redox conductivity in fluorine-doped tin oxide surface-grown thin films of Zn(pyrazol-NDI) (pyrazol-NDI = 1,4-bis[(3,5-dimethyl)-pyrazol-4-yl]naphthalenediimide). Following Nernstian behavior, the proportion of reduced and oxidized NDI linkers can be adjusted by the applied potential. Through a series of conductivity measurements, it is demonstrated that the MOF exhibits minimal electric resistance at the mid-point potentials of the NDI linker, and conductivity is enhanced by more than 10000-fold compared to that of either the neutral or completely reduced films. The generality of redox conductivity is demonstrated in MOFs with different linkers and secondary building units, and its implication for applications that require switching between insulating and semiconducting regimes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Li
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amol Kumar
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ben A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
- Technical University of Munich (TUM), Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Uferstraße 53, Straubing, 94315, Germany
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
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19
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He X. Fundamental Perspectives on the Electrochemical Water Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:148. [PMID: 37286907 PMCID: PMC10247659 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS The recent development and implementation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MOF-based materials in electrochemical water applications are reviewed. The critical factors that affect the performances of MOFs in the electrochemical reactions, sensing, and separations are highlighted. Advanced tools, such as pair distribution function analysis, are playing critical roles in unraveling the functioning mechanisms, including local structures and nanoconfined interactions. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a family of highly porous materials possessing huge surface areas and feasible chemical tunability, are emerging as critical functional materials to solve the growing challenges associated with energy-water systems, such as water scarcity issues. In this contribution, the roles of MOFs are highlighted in electrochemical-based water applications (i.e., reactions, sensing, and separations), where MOF-based functional materials exhibit outstanding performances in detecting/removing pollutants, recovering resources, and harvesting energies from different water sources. Compared with the pristine MOFs, the efficiency and/or selectivity can be further enhanced via rational structural modulation of MOFs (e.g., partial metal substitution) or integration of MOFs with other functional materials (e.g., metal clusters and reduced graphene oxide). Several key factors/properties that affect the performances of MOF-based materials are also reviewed, including electronic structures, nanoconfined effects, stability, conductivity, and atomic structures. The advancement in the fundamental understanding of these key factors is expected to shed light on the functioning mechanisms of MOFs (e.g., charge transfer pathways and guest-host interactions), which will subsequently accelerate the integration of precisely designed MOFs into electrochemical architectures to achieve highly effective water remediation with optimized selectivity and long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang He
- Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA.
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20
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Gupta S, Tanaka H, Fuku K, Uchida K, Iguchi H, Sakamoto R, Kobayashi H, Gambe Y, Honma I, Hirai Y, Hayami S, Takaishi S. Quinoid-Based Three-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework Fe 2(dhbq) 3: Porosity, Electrical Conductivity, and Solid-State Redox Properties. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6306-6313. [PMID: 37053521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization, and electronic properties of the quinoid-based three-dimensional metal-organic framework [Fe2(dhbq)3]. The MOF was synthesized without using cations as a template, unlike other reported X2dhbq3-based coordination polymers, and the crystal structure was determined by using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure was entirely different from the other reported [Fe2(X2dhbq3)]2-; three independent 3D polymers were interpenetrated to give the overall structure. The absence of cations led to a microporous structure, investigated by N2 adsorption isotherms. Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity data revealed that it exhibited a relatively high electrical conductivity of 1.2 × 10-2 S cm-1 (Ea = 212 meV) due to extended d-π conjugation in a three-dimensional network. Thermoelectromotive force measurement revealed that it is an n-type semiconductor with electrons as the majority of charge carriers. Structural characterization and spectroscopic analyses, including SXRD, Mössbauer, UV-vis-NIR, IR, and XANES measurements, evidenced the occurrence of no mixed valency based on the metal and the ligand. [Fe2(dhbq)3] upon incorporating as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries engendered an initial discharge capacity of 322 mAh/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Haruki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fuku
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kaiji Uchida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Gambe
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Itaru Honma
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Takaishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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21
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Wang L, Sarkar A, Grocke GL, Laorenza DW, Cheng B, Ritchhart A, Filatov AS, Patel SN, Gagliardi L, Anderson JS. Broad Electronic Modulation of Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Frameworks over Four Distinct Redox States. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37018716 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) inorganic materials have emerged as exciting platforms for (opto)electronic, thermoelectric, magnetic, and energy storage applications. However, electronic redox tuning of these materials can be difficult. Instead, 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer the possibility of electronic tuning through stoichiometric redox changes, with several examples featuring one to two redox events per formula unit. Here, we demonstrate that this principle can be extended over a far greater span with the isolation of four discrete redox states in the 2D MOFs LixFe3(THT)2 (x = 0-3, THT = triphenylenehexathiol). This redox modulation results in 10,000-fold greater conductivity, p- to n-type carrier switching, and modulation of antiferromagnetic coupling. Physical characterization suggests that changes in carrier density drive these trends with relatively constant charge transport activation energies and mobilities. This series illustrates that 2D MOFs are uniquely redox flexible, making them an ideal materials platform for tunable and switchable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Garrett L Grocke
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Daniel William Laorenza
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Baorui Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Andrew Ritchhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander S Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shrayesh N Patel
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John S Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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22
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Zhang ZR, Ren ZH, Luo CY, Ma LJ, Dai J, Zhu QY. Redox-Active Two-Dimensional Tetrathiafulvalene-Copper Metal-Organic Framework with Boosted Electrochemical Performances for Supercapatteries. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4672-4679. [PMID: 36883521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted noticeable attention as promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage. However, the lack of electrical conductivity and the weak stability of most MOFs result in poor electrochemical performances. Here, a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based complex, formulated as [(CuCN)2(TTF(py)4)] (1) (TTF-(py)4 = tetra(4-pyridyl)-TTF), is assembled by in situ generation of coordinated CN- from a nontoxic source. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 possesses a two-dimensional layered planar structure, which is further stacked in parallel to form a three-dimensional supramolecular framework. The planar coordination environment of 1 is the first example of a TTF-based MOF. Attributed to the unique structure and redox TTF ligand, the electrical conductivity of 1 is significantly increased by 5 orders of magnitude upon iodine treatment. The iodine-treated 1 (1-ox) electrode displays typical battery-type behavior through electrochemical characterizations. The supercapattery based on the 1-ox positrode and AC negatrode presents a high specific capacity of 266.5 C g-1 at a specific current of 1 A g-1 with a remarkable specific energy of 62.9 Wh kg-1 at a specific power of 1.1 kW kg-1. The excellent electrochemical performance of 1-ox is one of the best among those reported supercapatteries, demonstrating a new strategy for developing MOF-based electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ruo Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhou-Hong Ren
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Yue Luo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jie Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Yu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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23
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Fu X, Ding B, D'Alessandro D. Fabrication strategies for metal-organic framework electrochemical biosensors and their applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Morari C, Buimaga-Iarinca L, Turcu R. On the contribution of phonons to electrochemical potential of Li-ion metal-organic frameworks. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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25
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Tao CA, Li Y, Wang J. The progress of electrochromic materials based on metal–organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang T, Si C, Guo K, Liu X, Liu Q, Fu J, Han Q. Constructing a Redox-Active Cu(I)-Pyridyltriazine Framework for Catalytic Photoreduction of Nitrobenzenes and Carboxylic Cyclization of Alkynol with CO 2. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20657-20665. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chen Si
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Kaixin Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xueling Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Qingchao Liu
- Institute of Green Catalysis, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jiya Fu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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Wang J, Guo X, Apostol P, Liu X, Robeyns K, Gence L, Morari C, Gohy JF, Vlad A. High performance Li-, Na-, and K-ion storage in electrically conducting coordination polymers. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2022; 15:3923-3932. [PMID: 36275406 PMCID: PMC9472235 DOI: 10.1039/d2ee00566b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Coordination polymers (CPs) made of redox-active organic moieties and metal ions emerge as an important class of electroactive materials for battery applications. However, the design and synthesis of high voltage alkali-cation reservoir anionic CPs remains challenging, hindering their practical applications. Herein, we report a family of electrically conducting alkali-cation reservoir CPs with the general formula of A2-TM-PTtSA (wherein A = Li+, Na+, or K+; TM = Fe2+, Co2+, or Mn2+; and PTtSA = benzene-1,2,4,5-tetra-methylsulfonamide). The incorporation of transition metal centers not only enables intrinsic high electrical conductivity, but also shows an impressive redox potential increase of as high as 1 V as compared to A4-PTtSA analogues, resulting in a class of organometallic cathode materials with a high average redox potential of 2.95-3.25 V for Li-, Na- and K-ion batteries. A detailed structure - composition - physicochemical properties - performance correlation study is provided relying on experimental and computational analysis. The best performing candidate shows excellent rate capability (86% of the nominal capacity retained at 10C rate), remarkable cycling stability (96.5% after 1000 cycles), outstanding tolerance to low carbon content (5 wt%), high mass loading (50 mg cm-2), and extreme utilisation conditions of low earth orbit space environment tests. The significance of the disclosed alkali-ion reservoir cathodes is further emphasized by utilizing conventional Li-host graphite anode for full cell assembly, attaining a record voltage of 3 V in an organic cathode Li-ion proof-of-concept cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiande Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Xiaolong Guo
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Petru Apostol
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Xuelian Liu
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Koen Robeyns
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Loïk Gence
- Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Cristian Morari
- Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Tehnologii Izotopice şi Moleculare Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
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28
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A high-performance pseudocapacitive negatrode for lithium-ion capacitor based on a tetrathiafulvalene-cobalt metal–organic framework. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Murase R, Hudson TA, Aldershof TS, Nguyen KV, Gluschke JG, Kenny EP, Zhou X, Wang T, van Koeverden MP, Powell BJ, Micolich AP, Abrahams BF, D'Alessandro DM. Multi-Redox Responsive Behavior in a Mixed-Valence Semiconducting Framework Based on Bis-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo-tetracyanoquinodimethane. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13242-13253. [PMID: 35830247 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2-D) framework, [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)] {BTDAT = bis-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo-tetracyanoquinodimethane}, possesses remarkable multi-step redox properties, with electrochemical studies revealing six quasi-stable redox states in the solid state. In situ electron paramagnetic resonance and visible-near infrared spectroelectrochemistry elucidated the mechanism for these multi-step redox processes, as well as the optical and electrochromic behavior of the BTDAT ligand and framework. In studying the structural, spectroscopic, and electronic properties of [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)], the as-synthesized framework was found to exist in a mixed-valence state with thermally-activated semiconducting behavior. In addition to pressed pellet conductivity measurements, single-crystal conductivity measurements using a pre-patterned polydimethylsiloxane layer on a silicon substrate provide important insights into the anisotropic conduction pathways. As an avenue to further understand the electronic state of [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)], computational band structure calculations predicted delocalized electronic transport in the framework. On the balance of probabilities, we propose that [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)] is a Mott insulator (i.e., electron correlations cause a metal-insulator transition). This implies that the conductivity is incoherent. However, we are unable to distinguish between activated transport due to Coulombically bound electron-hole pairs and a hopping mechanism. The combined electrochemical, electronic, and optical properties of [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)] shine a new light on the experimental and theoretical challenges for electroactive framework materials, which are implicated as the basis of advanced optoelectronic and electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Murase
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Timothy A Hudson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas S Aldershof
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ky V Nguyen
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jan G Gluschke
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Elise P Kenny
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tiesheng Wang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin J Powell
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Adam P Micolich
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Brendan F Abrahams
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Deanna M D'Alessandro
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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30
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Dorofeeva VN, Pavlishchuk AV, Kiskin MA, Efimov NN, Minin VV, Gavrilenko KS, Kolotilov SV, Pavlishchuk VV, Eremenko IL. Generation of Long-Lived Phenoxyl Radical in the Binuclear Copper(II) Pivalate Complex with 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-(3,5-bis(4-pyridyl)pyridyl)phenol. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422070041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks with Three-Dimensional Lattice Containing the m-Tetrathiafulvalene-Tetrabenzoate. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134052. [PMID: 35807293 PMCID: PMC9268712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed by tetrathiafulvalene-tetrabenzoate (H4TTFTB) have been widely studied in porous materials, while the studies of other TTFTB derivatives are rare. Herein, the meta derivative of the frequently used p-H4TTFTB ligand, m-H4TTFTB, and lanthanide (Ln) metal ions (Tb3+, Er3+, and Gd3+) were assembled into three novel MOFs. Compared with the reported porous Ln-TTFTB, the resulted three-dimensional frameworks, Ln-m-TTFTB ([Ln2(m-TTFTB)(m-H2TTFTB)0.5(HCOO)(DMF)]·2DMF·3H2O), possess a more dense stacking which leads to scarce porosity. The solid-state cyclic voltammetry studies revealed that these MOFs show similar redox activity with two reversible one-electron processes at 0.21 and 0.48 V (vs. Fc/Fc+). The results of magnetic properties suggested Dy-m-TTFTB and Er-m-TTFTB exhibit slow relaxation of the magnetization. Porosity was not found in these materials, which is probably due to the meta-configuration of the m-TTFTB ligand that seems to hinder the formation of pores. However, the m-TTFTB ligand has shown to be promising to construct redox-active or electrically conductive MOFs in future work.
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32
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Agafonov MA, Alexandrov EV, Artyukhova NA, Bekmukhamedov GE, Blatov VA, Butova VV, Gayfulin YM, Garibyan AA, Gafurov ZN, Gorbunova YG, Gordeeva LG, Gruzdev MS, Gusev AN, Denisov GL, Dybtsev DN, Enakieva YY, Kagilev AA, Kantyukov AO, Kiskin MA, Kovalenko KA, Kolker AM, Kolokolov DI, Litvinova YM, Lysova AA, Maksimchuk NV, Mironov YV, Nelyubina YV, Novikov VV, Ovcharenko VI, Piskunov AV, Polyukhov DM, Polyakov VA, Ponomareva VG, Poryvaev AS, Romanenko GV, Soldatov AV, Solovyeva MV, Stepanov AG, Terekhova IV, Trofimova OY, Fedin VP, Fedin MV, Kholdeeva OA, Tsivadze AY, Chervonova UV, Cherevko AI, Shul′gin VF, Shutova ES, Yakhvarov DG. METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS IN RUSSIA: FROM THE SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE TO FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MATERIALS. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622050018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Sanfui S, Usman M, Sarkar S, Pramanik S, Garribba E, Rath SP. Highly Oxidized Cobalt Porphyrin Dimer: Control of Spin Coupling via a Bridge. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8419-8430. [PMID: 35613476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A cobalt porphyrin dimer is constructed in which two Co(II)porphyrins are connected covalently through a redox-active diethylpyrrole moiety via a flexible but "nonconjugated" methylene bridge. Upon oxidation with even a mild oxidant such as iodine, each cobalt(II) center and porphyrin ring undergo 1e- oxidation, leading to the formation of a 4e--oxidized cobalt(III)porphyrin dication diradical complex. Other oxidants such as Cl2 and Br2 also produce similar results. To stabilize such highly oxidized dication diradicals, the "nonconjugated" methylene spacer undergoes a facile and spontaneous oxidation to form a methine group with a drastic structural change, thereby making the bridge fully π-conjugated and enabling through-bond communication. This results in a strong spin coupling between two π-cation radicals which stabilizes the singlet state. The experimental observations are also strongly supported by extensive density functional theory calculations. The present study highlights the crucial role played by the nature of the bridge in the long-range electronic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarnali Sanfui
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Mohammad Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Subhadip Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, Sassari I-07100, Italy
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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34
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Park S, Lee J, Jeong H, Bae S, Kang J, Moon D, Park J. Multi-stimuli-engendered radical-anionic MOFs: Visualization of structural transformation upon radical formation. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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35
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Marshall CR, Dvorak JP, Twight LP, Chen L, Kadota K, Andreeva AB, Overland AE, Ericson T, Cozzolino AF, Brozek CK. Size-Dependent Properties of Solution-Processable Conductive MOF Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5784-5794. [PMID: 35344360 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diverse optical, magnetic, and electronic behaviors of most colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals emerge from materials with limited structural and elemental compositions. Conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess rich compositions with complex architectures but remain unexplored as nanocrystals, hindering their incorporation into scalable devices. Here, we report the controllable synthesis of conductive MOF nanoparticles based on Fe(1,2,3-triazolate)2. Sizes can be tuned to as small as 5.5 nm, ensuring indefinite colloidal stability. These solution-processable MOFs can be analyzed by solution-state spectroscopy and electrochemistry and cast into conductive thin films with excellent uniformity. This unprecedented analysis of MOF materials reveals a strong size dependence in optical and electronic behaviors sensitive to the intrinsic porosity and guest-host interactions of MOFs. These results provide a radical departure from typical MOF characterization, enabling insights into physical properties otherwise impossible with bulk analogues while offering a roadmap for the future of MOF nanoparticle synthesis and device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Checkers R Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Josh P Dvorak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Liam P Twight
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Kentaro Kadota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Anastasia B Andreeva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Alexandra E Overland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Thomas Ericson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Anthony F Cozzolino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Carl K Brozek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Material Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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36
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Pandit YA, Shah SJ, Usman M, Sarkar S, Garribba E, Rath SP. Long-Range Intramolecular Spin Coupling through a Redox-Active Bridge upon Stepwise Oxidations: Control and Effect of Metal Ions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5270-5282. [PMID: 35323011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dinickel(II) and dicopper(II) porphyrin dimers have been constructed in which two metalloporphyrin units are widely separated by a long unconjugated dipyrrole bridge. Two macrocycles are aligned somewhat orthogonally to each other, while oxidation of the bridge generates a fully π-conjugated butterfly-like structure, which, in turn, upon stepwise oxidations by stronger oxidants result in the formation of the corresponding one- and two-electron-oxidized species exhibiting unusual long-range charge/radical delocalization to produce intense absorptions in the near-infrared (NIR) region and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals of a triplet state due to interaction between the unpaired spins on the Cu(II) ions. Although the two metal centers have a large physical separation through the bridge (more than 16 Å), they share electrons efficiently between them, behaving as a single unit rather than two independent centers. Detailed UV-vis-NIR, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, IR, variable-temperature magnetic study, and EPR spectroscopic investigations along with X-ray structure determination of unconjugated, conjugated, and one electron-oxidized complexes have been exploited to demonstrate the long-range electronic communication through the bridge. The experimental observations are also supported by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. The present study highlights the crucial roles played by a redox-active bridge and metal in controlling the long-range electronic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Ahmad Pandit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Syed Jehanger Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Mohammad Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, Sassari I-07100, Italy
| | - Sankar Prasad Rath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Castner AT, Su H, Svensson Grape E, Inge AK, Johnson BA, Ahlquist MSG, Ott S. Microscopic Insights into Cation-Coupled Electron Hopping Transport in a Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5910-5920. [PMID: 35325542 PMCID: PMC8990995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electron transport through metal-organic frameworks by a hopping mechanism between discrete redox active sites is coupled to diffusion-migration of charge-balancing counter cations. Experimentally determined apparent diffusion coefficients, Deapp, that characterize this form of charge transport thus contain contributions from both processes. While this is well established for MOFs, microscopic descriptions of this process are largely lacking. Herein, we systematically lay out different scenarios for cation-coupled electron transfer processes that are at the heart of charge diffusion through MOFs. Through systematic variations of solvents and electrolyte cations, it is shown that the Deapp for charge migration through a PIZOF-type MOF, Zr(dcphOH-NDI) that is composed of redox-active naphthalenediimide (NDI) linkers, spans over 2 orders of magnitude. More importantly, however, the microscopic mechanisms for cation-coupled electron propagation are contingent on differing factors depending on the size of the cation and its propensity to engage in ion pairs with reduced linkers, either non-specifically or in defined structural arrangements. Based on computations and in agreement with experimental results, we show that ion pairing generally has an adverse effect on cation transport, thereby slowing down charge transport. In Zr(dcphOH-NDI), however, specific cation-linker interactions can open pathways for concerted cation-coupled electron transfer processes that can outcompete limitations from reduced cation flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh T Castner
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Svensson Grape
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Ken Inge
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mårten S G Ahlquist
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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38
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Glycols in the Synthesis of Zinc-Anilato Coordination Polymers. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, structural investigation, and thermal behavior for three zinc-based 1D-coordination polymers with 3,6-di-tert-butyl-2,5-dihydroxy-p-benzoquinone, which were synthesized in the presence of different glycols. The interaction of zinc nitrate with glycols, followed by using the resulting solution in solvothermal synthesis with the anilate ligand in DMF, makes it possible to obtain linear polymer structures with 1,2-ethylene or 1,2-propylene glycols coordinated to the metal. The reaction involving 1,3-propylene glycol under similar conditions gives a crystal structure that does not contain a diol. The crystal and molecular structures of the synthesized compounds were determined using single crystal by X-ray structural analysis. The influence of glycol molecules coordinated to the metal on the thermal destruction of synthesized compounds is shown.
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Ezugwu CI, Sonawane JM, Rosal R. Redox-active metal-organic frameworks for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Mixed component metal-organic frameworks: Heterogeneity and complexity at the service of application performances. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Bazyakina NL, Moskalev MV, Cherkasov AV, Makarov VM, Fedushkin IL. Coordination polymers derived from alkali metal complexes of redox-active ligands. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01698a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment solutions of (dpp-bian)M (dpp-bian = 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene; M = Li, Na, K) with 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy) affords coordination polymers [(dpp-bian)M(4,4′-bipy)m]n, (M = Li or K, m = 1; M = Na, m = 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L. Bazyakina
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V. Moskalev
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin M. Makarov
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Igor L. Fedushkin
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
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42
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Bubnov MP, Teplova IA, Baranov E, Fukin G. Two-dimensional coordination polymer formed due to the unusual coordination of C O group in bis-dioxolene manganese complex. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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43
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Zhang S, Panda DK, Yadav A, Zhou W, Saha S. Effects of intervalence charge transfer interaction between π-stacked mixed valent tetrathiafulvalene ligands on the electrical conductivity of 3D metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13379-13391. [PMID: 34777756 PMCID: PMC8528024 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04338b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving a molecular-level understanding of how the structures and compositions of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) influence their charge carrier concentration and charge transport mechanism—the two key parameters of electrical conductivity—is essential for the successful development of electrically conducting MOFs, which have recently emerged as one of the most coveted functional materials due to their diverse potential applications in advanced electronics and energy technologies. Herein, we have constructed four new alkali metal (Na, K, Rb, and Cs) frameworks based on an electron-rich tetrathiafulvalene tetracarboxylate (TTFTC) ligand, which formed continuous π-stacks, albeit with different π–π-stacking and S⋯S distances (dπ–π and dS⋯S). These MOFs also contained different amounts of aerobically oxidized TTFTC˙+ radical cations that were quantified by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated that depending on the π–π-interaction and TTFTC˙+ population, these MOFs enjoyed varying degrees of TTFTC/TTFTC˙+ intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) interactions, which commensurately affected their electronic and optical band gaps and electrical conductivity. Having the shortest dπ–π (3.39 Å) and the largest initial TTFTC˙+ population (∼23%), the oxidized Na-MOF 1-ox displayed the narrowest band gap (1.33 eV) and the highest room temperature electrical conductivity (3.6 × 10−5 S cm−1), whereas owing to its longest dπ–π (3.68 Å) and a negligible TTFTC˙+ population, neutral Cs-MOF 4 exhibited the widest band gap (2.15 eV) and the lowest electrical conductivity (1.8 × 10−7 S cm−1). The freshly prepared but not optimally oxidized K-MOF 2 and Rb-MOF 3 initially displayed intermediate band gaps and conductivity, however, upon prolonged aerobic oxidation, which raised the TTFTC˙+ population to saturation levels (∼25 and 10%, respectively), the resulting 2-ox and 3-ox displayed much narrower band gaps (∼1.35 eV) and higher electrical conductivity (6.6 × 10−5 and 4.7 × 10−5 S cm−1, respectively). The computational studies indicated that charge movement in these MOFs occurred predominantly through the π-stacked ligands, while the experimental results displayed the combined effects of π–π-interactions, TTFTC˙+ population, and TTFTC/TTFTC˙+ IVCT interaction on their electronic and optical properties, demonstrating that IVCT interactions between the mixed-valent ligands could be exploited as an effective design strategy to develop electrically conducting MOFs. Through-space charge movement enabled by intervalence charge transfer interactions between π-stacked mixed-valent tetrathiafulvalene ligands creates electrical conductivity in three-dimensional metal–organic frameworks.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Dillip K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Ashok Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Sourav Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
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Gordillo MA, Benavides PA, Spalding K, Saha S. A New Electrically Conducting Metal-Organic Framework Featuring U-Shaped cis-Dipyridyl Tetrathiafulvalene Ligands. Front Chem 2021; 9:726544. [PMID: 34660528 PMCID: PMC8517321 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.726544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new electrically conducting 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) with a unique architecture was synthesized using 1,2,4,5-tetrakis-(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (TCPB) a redox-active cis-dipyridyl-tetrathiafulvalene (Z-DPTTF) ligand. While TCPB formed Zn2(COO)4 secondary building units (SBUs), instead of connecting the Zn2-paddlewheel SBUs located in different planes and forming a traditional pillared paddlewheel MOF, the U-shaped Z-DPTTF ligands bridged the neighboring SBUs formed by the same TCPB ligand like a sine-curve along the b axis that created a new sine-MOF architecture. The pristine sine-MOF displayed an intrinsic electrical conductivity of 1 × 10−8 S/m, which surged to 5 × 10−7 S/m after I2 doping due to partial oxidation of electron rich Z-DPTTF ligands that raised the charge-carrier concentration inside the framework. However, the conductivities of the pristine and I2-treated sine-MOFs were modest possibly because of large spatial distances between the ligands that prevented π-donor/acceptor charge-transfer interactions needed for effective through-space charge movement in 3D MOFs that lack through coordination-bond charge transport pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Gordillo
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Paola A Benavides
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | | | - Sourav Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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45
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Solomon MB, Hua C, Chan B, Church TL, Cohen SM, Kubiak CP, Jolliffe KA, D'Alessandro DM. The electrochemical reduction of a flexible Mn(II) salen-based metal-organic framework. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12821-12825. [PMID: 34498023 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new metal-organic framework (MOF) containing a Mn(II) salen complex (BET surface area = 967 ± 6 m2 g-1) undergoes a reversible crystalline-to-amorphous transformation. Experimental studies and computational calculations show that the MOF is stable to a one-electron reduction at more anodic potentials than the corresponding discrete complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello B Solomon
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Carol Hua
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Bun Chan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Tamara L Church
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholms Universitet, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Clifford P Kubiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Katrina A Jolliffe
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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46
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Trofimova OY, Ershova IV, Maleeva AV, Yakushev IA, Dorovatovskii PV, Aisin RR, Piskunov AV. Metal–Organic Frameworks of Magnesium Based on 2,5-Dihydroxy-3,6-di-tert-butyl-para-benzoquinone. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328421090086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Nath A, Asha KS, Mandal S. Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks: Electronic Structure and Electrochemical Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:11482-11538. [PMID: 33857340 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Smarter and minimization of devices are consistently substantial to shape the energy landscape. Significant amounts of endeavours have come forward as promising steps to surmount this formidable challenge. It is undeniable that material scientists were contemplating smarter material beyond purely inorganic or organic materials. To our delight, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), an inorganic-organic hybrid scaffold with unprecedented tunability and smart functionalities, have recently started their journey as an alternative. In this review, we focus on such propitious potential of MOFs that was untapped over a long time. We cover the synthetic strategies and (or) post-synthetic modifications towards the formation of conductive MOFs and their underlying concepts of charge transfer with structural aspects. We addressed theoretical calculations with the experimental outcomes and spectroelectrochemistry, which will trigger vigorous impetus about intrinsic electronic behaviour of the conductive frameworks. Finally, we discussed electrocatalysts and energy storage devices stemming from conductive MOFs to meet energy demand in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akashdeep Nath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - K S Asha
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, M. S. Ramaiah College of Arts Science and Commerce, Bangaluru, 560054, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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48
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Redox Activity as a Powerful Strategy to Tune Magnetic and/or Conducting Properties in Benzoquinone-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry7080109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional molecular materials have attracted material scientists for several years as they are promising materials for the future generation of electronic devices. Careful selection of their molecular building blocks allows for the combination and/or even interplay of different physical properties in the same crystal lattice. Incorporation of redox activity in these networks is one of the most appealing and recent synthetic strategies used to enhance magnetic and/or conducting and/or optical properties. Quinone derivatives are excellent redox-active linkers, widely used for various applications such as electrode materials, flow batteries, pseudo-capacitors, etc. Quinones undergo a reversible two-electron redox reaction to form hydroquinone dianions via intermediate semiquinone radical formation. Moreover, the possibility to functionalize the six-membered ring of the quinone by various substituents/functional groups make them excellent molecular building blocks for the construction of multifunctional tunable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). An overview of the recent advances on benzoquinone-based MOFs, with a particular focus on key examples where magnetic and/or conducting properties are tuned/switched, even simultaneously, by playing with redox activity, is herein envisioned.
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49
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Rambabu D, Lakraychi AE, Wang J, Sieuw L, Gupta D, Apostol P, Chanteux G, Goossens T, Robeyns K, Vlad A. An Electrically Conducting Li-Ion Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11641-11650. [PMID: 34309388 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as an important, yet highly challenging class of electrochemical energy storage materials. The chemical principles for electroactive MOFs remain, however, poorly explored because precise chemical and structural control is mandatory. For instance, no anionic MOF with a lithium cation reservoir and reversible redox (like a conventional Li-ion cathode) has been synthesized to date. Herein, we report on electrically conducting Li-ion MOF cathodes with the generic formula Li2-M-DOBDC (wherein M = Mg2+ or Mn2+; DOBDC4- = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), by rational control of the ligand to transition metal stoichiometry and secondary building unit (SBU) topology in the archetypal CPO-27. The accurate chemical and structural changes not only enable reversible redox but also induce a million-fold electrical conductivity increase by virtue of efficient electronic self-exchange facilitated by mix-in redox: 10-7 S/cm for Li2-Mn-DOBDC vs 10-13 S/cm for the isoreticular H2-Mn-DOBDC and Li2-Mg-DOBDC, or the Mn-CPO-27 compositional analogues. This particular SBU topology also considerably augments the redox potential of the DOBDC4- linker (from 2.4 V up to 3.2 V, vs Li+/Li0), a highly practical feature for Li-ion battery assembly and energy evaluation. As a particular cathode material, Li2-Mn-DOBDC displays an average discharge potential of 3.2 V vs Li+/Li0, demonstrates excellent capacity retention over 100 cycles, while also handling fast cycling rates, inherent to the intrinsic electronic conductivity. The Li2-M-DOBDC material validates the concept of reversible redox activity and electronic conductivity in MOFs by accommodating the ligand's noncoordinating redox center through composition and SBU design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darsi Rambabu
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alae Eddine Lakraychi
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jiande Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Louis Sieuw
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Petru Apostol
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Chanteux
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Tom Goossens
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Koen Robeyns
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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50
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Ngue CM, Liu YH, Leung MK, Lu KL. Reversible Electroactive Behavior in a Zn-Based Metal-Organic Framework via Mild Oxidation Potential. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11458-11465. [PMID: 34296610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and characterization of a Zn-based metal-organic framework, [Zn2(TTPA)(SDB)2·(DMF)(H2O)]n (1, TTPA = tris(4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)amine, SDB = 4,4'-sulfonyldibenzoate). A newly designed strategy with a redox-active linker, TTPA, and mediated by a V-shaped carboxylic linker with Zn2+ metal ions resulted in an electroactive framework. The V-shaped carboxylic linker with Zn2+ metal ions forms linear struts interlinked by two of the side-arms of the TTPA ligands to form a square grid network. The interior of the grid is enough to accommodate the third side-arm of the TTPA ligands, acting as a confinement grid that provides steric protection when triarylamine radical cations were generated. In addition, modular packing of axially aligned TTPA ligand facilitates charge propagation. Optical switching studies confirmed that 1 is electrochemically reversible up to 48 cycles at a potential of 0.9 V vs Fc/Fc+. Framework 1 remained robust after annealing at 180 °C for 20 h as corroborated by the PXRD. These studies confirm the importance of crystal engineering design, where electron transfer is possible in a two-ligand approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-May Ngue
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Man-Kit Leung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, Advanced Research Centre for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Lieh Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan.,Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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