1
|
Zhu X, Tang Q, Zhou X, Momeni MR. Antibiotic resistance and nanotechnology: A narrative review. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106741. [PMID: 38871198 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health worldwide, leading researchers to explore novel solutions to combat this growing problem. Nanotechnology, which involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale, has emerged as a promising avenue for developing novel strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. This cutting-edge technology has gained momentum in the medical field by offering a new approach to combating infectious diseases. Nanomaterial-based therapies hold significant potential in treating difficult bacterial infections by circumventing established drug resistance mechanisms. Moreover, their small size and unique physical properties enable them to effectively target biofilms, which are commonly linked to resistance development. By leveraging these advantages, nanomaterials present a viable solution to enhance the effectiveness of existing antibiotics or even create entirely new antibacterial mechanisms. This review article explores the current landscape of antibiotic resistance and underscores the pivotal role that nanotechnology plays in augmenting the efficacy of traditional antibiotics. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges and opportunities within the realm of nanotechnology for combating antibiotic resistance, while also outlining future research directions in this critical area. Overall, this comprehensive review articulates the potential of nanotechnology in addressing the urgent public health concern of antibiotic resistance, highlighting its transformative capabilities in healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xunxian Zhu
- Huaqiao University Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362021, China.
| | - Qiuhua Tang
- Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Xiaohang Zhou
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mu Danjiang, Hei Longjiang, 157012, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Van Loon JC, Whitfield GB, Wong N, O'Neal L, Henrickson A, Demeler B, O'Toole GA, Parsek MR, Howell PL. Binding of GTP to BifA is required for the production of Pel-dependent biofilms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol 2024; 206:e0033123. [PMID: 38197635 PMCID: PMC10882990 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00331-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The Pel exopolysaccharide is one of the most mechanistically conserved and phylogenetically diverse bacterial biofilm matrix determinants. Pel is a major contributor to the structural integrity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, and its biosynthesis is regulated by the binding of cyclic-3',5'-dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) to the PelD receptor. c-di-GMP is synthesized from two molecules of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) by diguanylate cyclases with GGDEF domains and degraded by phosphodiesterases with EAL or HD-GYP domains. As the P. aeruginosa genome encodes 43 c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes, one way signaling specificity can be achieved is through direct interaction between specific enzyme-receptor pairs. Here, we show that the inner membrane hybrid GGDEF-EAL enzyme, BifA, directly interacts with PelD via its cytoplasmic HAMP, GGDEF, and EAL domains. Despite having no catalytic function, the degenerate active site motif of the BifA GGDEF domain (GGDQF) has retained the ability to bind GTP with micromolar affinity. Mutations that abolish GTP binding result in increased biofilm formation but stable global c-di-GMP levels. Our data suggest that BifA forms a dimer in solution and that GTP binding induces conformational changes in dimeric BifA that enhance the BifA-PelD interaction and stimulate its phosphodiesterase activity, thus reducing c-di-GMP levels and downregulating Pel biosynthesis. Structural comparisons between the dimeric AlphaFold2 model of BifA and the structures of other hybrid GGDEF-EAL proteins suggest that the regulation of BifA by GTP may occur through a novel mechanism.IMPORTANCEc-di-GMP is the most common cyclic dinucleotide used by bacteria to regulate phenotypes such as motility, biofilm formation, virulence factor production, cell cycle progression, and cell differentiation. While the identification and initial characterization of c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes are well established, our understanding of how these enzymes are regulated to provide signaling specificity remains understudied. Here we demonstrate that the inactive GGDEF domain of BifA binds GTP and regulates the adjacent phosphodiesterase EAL domain, ultimately downregulating Pel-dependent P. aeruginosa biofilm formation through an interaction with PelD. This discovery adds to the growing body of literature regarding how hybrid GGDEF-EAL enzymes are regulated and provides additional precedence for studying how direct interactions between c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes and effectors result in signaling specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime C. Van Loon
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory B. Whitfield
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Wong
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsey O'Neal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amy Henrickson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - G. A. O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Matthew R. Parsek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - P. Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu LC, Booth JL, Lanza M, Ozdemir T, Huffer A, Chen C, Khursheed A, Sun D, Allcock HR, Siedlecki CA. In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Infection Resistance and Biocompatibility of Small-Molecule-Modified Polyurethane Biomaterials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:8474-8483. [PMID: 38330222 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial intracellular nucleotide second messenger signaling is involved in biofilm formation and regulates biofilm development. Interference with the bacterial nucleotide second messenger signaling provides a novel approach to control biofilm formation and limit microbial infection in medical devices. In this study, we tethered small-molecule derivatives of 4-arylazo-3,5-diamino-1H-pyrazole on polyurethane biomaterial surfaces and measured the biofilm resistance and initial biocompatibility of modified biomaterials in in vitro and in vivo settings. Results showed that small-molecule-modified surfaces significantly reduced the Staphylococcal epidermidis biofilm formation compared to unmodified surfaces and decreased the nucleotide levels of c-di-AMP in biofilm cells, suggesting that the tethered small molecules interfere with intracellular nucleotide signaling and inhibit biofilm formation. The hemocompatibility assay showed that the modified polyurethane films did not induce platelet activation or red blood cell hemolysis but significantly reduced plasma coagulation and platelet adhesion. The cytocompatibility assay with fibroblast cells showed that small-molecule-modified surfaces were noncytotoxic and cells appeared to be proliferating and growing on modified surfaces. In a 7-day subcutaneous infection rat model, the polymer samples were implanted in Wistar rats and inoculated with bacteria or PBS. Results show that modified polyurethane significantly reduced bacteria by ∼2.5 log units over unmodified films, and the modified polymers did not lead to additional irritation/toxicity to the animal tissues. Taken together, the results demonstrated that small molecules tethered on polymer surfaces remain active, and the modified polymers are biocompatible and resistant to microbial infection in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tugba Ozdemir
- Department of Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Amelia Huffer
- Department of Nanoscience and Biomedical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | | | | | - Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amador R, Vasseur JJ, Birkuš G, Bignon E, Monari A, Clavé G, Smietana M. Synthesis of Original Cyclic Dinucleotide Analogues Using the Sulfo-click Reaction. Org Lett 2024; 26:819-823. [PMID: 38236576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein plays a crucial role in the activation of the innate immune response. Activation of STING is initiated by cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) which prompted the community to synthesize structural analogues to enhance their biological properties. We present here the synthesis and biological evaluation of four novel CDN analogues composed of an N-acylsulfonamide linkage. These CDNs were obtained in high overall yields via the sulfo-click reaction as a key step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Amador
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriel Birkuš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Emmanuelle Bignon
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, UMR 7019 LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université Paris Cité and CNRS, ITODYS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Clavé
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Smietana
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34095 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Burra VLSP, Sahoo PS, Dhankhar A, Jhajj J, Kasamuthu PS, K SSVK, Macha SKR. Understanding the structural basis of the binding specificity of c-di-AMP to M. smegmatis RecA using computational biology approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2043-2057. [PMID: 38093709 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2227709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecA (MtRecA), a protein involved in DNA repair, homologous recombination and SOS pathway, contributes to the development of multidrug resistance. ATP binding-site in RecA has been a drug target to disable RecA dependent DNA repair. For the first time, experiments have shown the existence and binding of c-di-AMP to a novel allosteric site in the C-terminal-Domain (CTD) of Mycobacterium smegmatis RecA (MsRecA), a close homolog of MtRecA. In addition, it was observed that the c-di-AMP was not binding to Escherichia coli RecA (EcRecA). This article analyses the possible interactions of the three RecA homologs with the various c-di-AMP conformations to gain insights into the structural basis of the natural preference of c-di-AMP to MsRecA and not to EcRecA, using the structural biology tools. The comparative analysis, based on amino acid composition, homology, motifs, residue types, docking, molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations, indeed, conclusively indicates strong binding of c-di-AMP to MsRecA. Having very similar results as MsRecA, it is highly plausible for c-di-AMP to strongly bind MtRecA as well. These insights from the in-silico studies adds a new therapeutic approach against TB through design and development of novel allosteric inhibitors for the first time against MtRecA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V L S Prasad Burra
- Centre for Advanced Research and Innovation in Structural Biology of Diseases, K L E F (Deemed to be) University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Sahoo
- Centre for Advanced Research and Innovation in Structural Biology of Diseases, K L E F (Deemed to be) University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Dhankhar
- Centre for Advanced Research and Innovation in Structural Biology of Diseases, K L E F (Deemed to be) University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jatinder Jhajj
- Centre for Advanced Research and Innovation in Structural Biology of Diseases, K L E F (Deemed to be) University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prasanna Sudharson Kasamuthu
- Centre for Advanced Research and Innovation in Structural Biology of Diseases, K L E F (Deemed to be) University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S S V Kiran K
- Centre for Advanced Research and Innovation in Structural Biology of Diseases, K L E F (Deemed to be) University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Samuel Krupa Rakshan Macha
- Centre for Advanced Research and Innovation in Structural Biology of Diseases, K L E F (Deemed to be) University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saito-Tarashima N, Kagotani Y, Inoue S, Kinoshita M, Minakawa N. Synthesis of 4'-Thiomodified c-di-AMP Analogs. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e892. [PMID: 37725690 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a bacterial cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) comprising two adenosine monophosphates covalently linked by two 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds. c-di-AMP works as a second messenger, regulating many biological processes in bacteria such as cell wall homeostasis, DNA integrity, and sporulation via specific protein and/or RNA receptors. Moreover, c-di-AMP can function as an immunomodulatory agent in eukaryote cells via the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. This protocol describes the chemical synthesis of two c-di-AMP analogs with a sulfur atom at the 4'-position of the furanose ring instead of an oxygen atom: c-di-4'-thioAMP (1) and cAMP-4'-thioAMP (2). Analogs 1 and 2 have resistance to phosphodiesterase-mediated degradation and are therefore useful for understanding the diverse biological phenomena regulated by c-di-AMP. In this protocol, two 4'-thioadenosine monomers are initially prepared via a Pummerer-like reaction assisted by hypervalent iodine. The CDN skeleton is then constructed through two key reactions based on phosphoramidite chemistry: dimerization of two appropriately protected nucleoside monomers to produce a linear dinucleotide, followed by macrocyclization of the resulting linear dinucleotide to form the CDN skeleton. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of 4'-thioadenosine monomers 13 and 14 Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of c-di-4'-thioAMP (1) and cAMP-4'-thioAMP (2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Saito-Tarashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuma Kagotani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Syuya Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mao Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Minakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokushima University, Shomachi, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang D, Yin F, Qin Q, Qiao L. Molecular responses during bacterial filamentation reveal inhibition methods of drug-resistant bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301170120. [PMID: 37364094 PMCID: PMC10318954 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301170120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most significant challenges to current human society. Exposing bacteria to antibiotics can activate their self-saving responses, e.g., filamentation, leading to the development of bacterial AMR. Understanding the molecular changes during the self-saving responses can reveal new inhibition methods of drug-resistant bacteria. Herein, we used an online microfluidics mass spectrometry system for real-time characterization of metabolic changes of bacteria during filamentation under the stimulus of antibiotics. Significant pathways, e.g., nucleotide metabolism and coenzyme A biosynthesis, correlated to the filamentation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) were identified. A cyclic dinucleotide, c-di-GMP, which is derived from nucleotide metabolism and reported closely related to bacterial resistance and tolerance, was observed significantly up-regulated during the bacterial filamentation. By using a chemical inhibitor, ebselen, to inhibit diguanylate cyclases which catalyzes the synthesis of c-di-GMP, the minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftriaxone against ESBL-E. coli was significantly decreased. This inhibitory effect was also verified with other ESBL-E. coli strains and other beta-lactam antibiotics, i.e., ampicillin. A mutant strain of ESBL-E. coli by knocking out the dgcM gene was used to demonstrate that the inhibition of the antibiotic resistance to beta-lactams by ebselen was mediated through the inhibition of the diguanylate cyclase DgcM and the modulation of c-di-GMP levels. Our study uncovers the molecular changes during bacterial filamentation and proposes a method to inhibit antibiotic-resistant bacteria by combining traditional antibiotics and chemical inhibitors against the enzymes involved in bacterial self-saving responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200000, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200000, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Changhai Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu LC, Ochetto A, Chen C, Sun D, Allcock HR, Siedlecki CA. Surfaces modified with small molecules that interfere with nucleotide signaling reduce Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm and increase the efficacy of ciprofloxacin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 227:113345. [PMID: 37196462 PMCID: PMC10355139 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis are common bacteria associated with biofilm related infections on implanted medical devices. Antibiotics are often used in combating such infections, but they may lose their efficacy in the presence of biofilms. Bacterial intracellular nucleotide second messenger signaling plays an important role in biofilm formation, and interference with the nucleotide signaling pathways provides a possible way to control biofilm formation and to increase biofilm susceptibility to antibiotic therapy. This study synthesized small molecule derivates of 4-arylazo-3,5-diamino-1 H-pyrazole (named as SP02 and SP03) and found these molecules inhibited S. epidermidis biofilm formation and induced biofilm dispersal. Analysis of bacterial nucleotide signaling molecules showed that both SP02 and SP03 significantly reduced cyclic dimeric adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) levels in S. epidermidis at doses as low as 25 µM while having significant effects on multiple nucleotides signaling including cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), c-di-AMP, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) at high doses (100 µM or greater). We then tethered these small molecules to polyurethane (PU) biomaterial surfaces and investigated biofilm formation on the modified surfaces. Results showed that the modified surfaces significantly inhibited biofilm formation during 24 h and 7-day incubations. The antibiotic ciprofloxacin was used to treat these biofilms and the efficacy of the antibiotic (2 µg/mL) was found to increase from 94.8% on unmodified PU surfaces to > 99.9% on both SP02 and SP03 modified surfaces (>3 log units). Results demonstrated the feasibility of tethering small molecules that interfere with nucleotide signaling onto polymeric biomaterial surfaces and in a way that interrupts biofilm formation and increases antibiotic efficacy for S. epidermidis infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chong Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Alyssa Ochetto
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Mass Spectrometry Core Facilities (RRID: SCR_017831), The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Christopher A Siedlecki
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng T, Jing M, Gong T, Yan J, Wang X, Xu M, Zhou X, Zeng J, Li Y. Regulatory mechanisms of exopolysaccharide synthesis and biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2225257. [PMID: 37346997 PMCID: PMC10281425 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2225257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a chronic, multifactorial and biofilm-mediated oral bacterial infection affecting almost every age group and every geographical region. Streptococcus mutans is considered an important pathogen responsible for the initiation and development of dental caries. It produces exopolysaccharides in situ to promote the colonization of cariogenic bacteria and coordinate dental biofilm development. Objective The understanding of the regulatory mechanism of S. mutans biofilm formation can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of caries. Design At present, an increasing number of studies have identified many regulatory systems in S. mutans that regulate biofilm formation, including second messengers (e.g. c-di-AMP, Ap4A), transcription factors (e.g. EpsR, RcrR, StsR, AhrC, FruR), two-component systems (e.g. CovR, VicR), small RNA (including sRNA0426, srn92532, and srn133489), acetylation modifications (e.g. ActG), CRISPR-associated proteins (e.g. Cas3), PTS systems (e.g. EIIAB), quorum-sensing signaling system (e.g. LuxS), enzymes (including Dex, YidC, CopZ, EzrA, lmrB, SprV, RecA, PdxR, MurI) and small-molecule metabolites. Results This review summarizes the recent progress in the molecular regulatory mechanisms of exopolysaccharides synthesis and biofilm formation in S. mutans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiling Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangchuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jumei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate regulates the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs via MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:426-437. [PMID: 36825442 PMCID: PMC10160224 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a bacterial second messenger that can be recognized by infected host cells and activate the immunoinflammatory response. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effect of c-di-AMP on the differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and its underlying mechanisms. In the present study, we find that the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic periodontitis has a higher expression level of c-di-AMP than that of healthy people. In vitro, c-di-AMP influences the differentiation of hPDLSCs by upregulating Toll-like receptors (TLRs); specifically, it inhibits osteogenic differentiation by activating NF-κB and ERK/MAPK and promotes adipogenic differentiation through the NF-κB and p38/MAPK signaling pathways. Inhibitors of TLRs or activated pathways reduce the changes induced by c-di-AMP. Our results establish the potential correlation among bacterial c-di-AMP, periodontal tissue homeostasis and chronic periodontitis pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Schmitz C, Madej M, Nowakowska Z, Cuppari A, Jacula A, Ksiazek M, Mikruta K, Wisniewski J, Pudelko-Malik N, Saran A, Zeytuni N, Mlynarz P, Lamont RJ, Usón I, Siksnys V, Potempa J, Solà M. Response regulator PorX coordinates oligonucleotide signalling and gene expression to control the secretion of virulence factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:12558-12577. [PMID: 36464236 PMCID: PMC9757075 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The PglZ family of proteins belongs to the alkaline phosphatase superfamily, which consists of metallohydrolases with limited sequence identity but similar metal-coordination architectures in otherwise divergent active sites. Proteins with a well-defined PglZ domain are ubiquitous among prokaryotes as essential components of BREX phage defence systems and two-component systems (TCSs). Whereas other members of the alkaline phosphatase superfamily are well characterized, the activity, structure and biological function of PglZ family proteins remain unclear. We therefore investigated the structure and function of PorX, an orphan response regulator of the Porphyromonas gingivalis TCS containing a putative PglZ effector domain. The crystal structure of PorX revealed a canonical receiver domain, a helical bundle, and an unprecedented PglZ domain, similar to the general organization of the phylogenetically related BREX-PglZ proteins. The PglZ domain of PorX features an active site cleft suitable for large substrates. An extensive search for substrates revealed that PorX is a phosphodiesterase that acts on cyclic and linear oligonucleotides, including signalling molecules such as cyclic oligoadenylates. These results, combined with mutagenesis, biophysical and enzymatic analysis, suggest that PorX coordinates oligonucleotide signalling pathways and indirectly regulates gene expression to control the secretion of virulence factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Schmitz
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Mariusz Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków PL-30-387, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Nowakowska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków PL-30-387, Poland
| | - Anna Cuppari
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Anna Jacula
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków PL-30-387, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Ksiazek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków PL-30-387, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mikruta
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków PL-30-387, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wisniewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw PL-50-370, Poland
| | - Natalia Pudelko-Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw PL-50-370, Poland
| | - Anshu Saran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Natalie Zeytuni
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Piotr Mlynarz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw PL-50-370, Poland
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Isabel Usón
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
- ICREA Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona E-08010, Spain
| | - Virginijus Siksnys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius 10257, Lithuania
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków PL-30-387, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Maria Solà
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, CSIC, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang M, Han W, Gu J, Qiu C, Jiang Q, Dong J, Lei L, Li F. Recent advances on the regulation of bacterial biofilm formation by herbal medicines. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1039297. [PMID: 36425031 PMCID: PMC9679158 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1039297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a fundamental part of life cycles of bacteria which affects various aspects of bacterial-host interactions including the development of drug resistance and chronic infections. In clinical settings, biofilm-related infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to tolerance to antibiotics. Bacterial biofilm formation is regulated by different external and internal factors, among which quorum sensing (QS) signals and nucleotide-based second messengers play important roles. In recent years, different kinds of anti-biofilm agents have been discovered, among which are the Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs). CHMs or traditional Chinese medicines have long been utilized to combat various diseases around the world and many of them have the ability to inhibit, impair or decrease bacterial biofilm formation either through regulation of bacterial QS system or nucleotide-based second messengers. In this review, we describe the research progresses of different chemical classes of CHMs on the regulation of bacterial biofilm formation. Though the molecular mechanisms on the regulation of bacterial biofilm formation by CHMs have not been fully understood and there are still a lot of work that need to be performed, these studies contribute to the development of effective biofilm inhibitors and will provide a novel treatment strategy to control biofilm-related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiujie Jiang
- Jilin Animal Disease Control Center, Changchun, China
| | - Jianbao Dong
- Department of Veterinary Medical, Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Doshi AS, Cantin S, Prickett LB, Mele DA, Amiji M. Systemic nano-delivery of low-dose STING agonist targeted to CD103+ dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 345:721-733. [PMID: 35378213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Current methods of STING activation based on intra-tumoral injections of cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are not suitable for addressing tumor heterogeneity or for inaccessible, metastatic and abscopal tumors. In this study, we developed systemically administered CD103+ dendritic cell (DCs) targeted liposomal formulations and evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy with low dose. Liposomal CDN formulations were prepared using Clec9a targeting peptide and evaluated therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo in subcutaneous MC38 and B16F10 tumor models. Targeted delivery of CDNs is expected to enhance anti-tumor immune response as well as reduce off-target toxicities. With intravenous 0.1 mg/kg systemic CDN dose of the targeted liposomal formulation, our results showed robust immune response with significant antitumor efficacy both as a monotherapy and in combination with anti-PD-L1 antibody. These results show that a CD103+ DC targeted CDN formulation can lead to potent immune stimulation upon systemic administration even in relatively "cold" tumors such as B16F10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aatman S Doshi
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Park, Waltham, MA 02451, United States of America; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Susan Cantin
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Park, Waltham, MA 02451, United States of America
| | - Laura B Prickett
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Park, Waltham, MA 02451, United States of America
| | - Deanna A Mele
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Park, Waltham, MA 02451, United States of America
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
IPA-3: An Inhibitor of Diadenylate Cyclase of Streptococcus suis with Potent Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030418. [PMID: 35326881 PMCID: PMC8944544 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a huge threat to public health. The development of novel antibiotics is an effective strategy to tackle AMR. Cyclic diadenylate monophosphate (c-di-AMP) has recently been identified as an essential signal molecule for some important bacterial pathogens involved in various bacterial physiological processes, leading to its synthase diadenylate cyclase becoming an attractive antimicrobial drug target. In this study, based on the enzymatic activity of diadenylate cyclase of Streptococcus suis (ssDacA), we established a high-throughput method of screening for ssDacA inhibitors. Primary screening with a compound library containing 1133 compounds identified IPA-3 (2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-dinapthyldisulfide) as an ssDacA inhibitor. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis further indicated that IPA-3 could inhibit the production of c-di-AMP by ssDacA in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, it was demonstrated that IPA-3 could significantly inhibit the growth of several Gram-positive bacteria which harbor an essential diadenylate cyclase but not E. coli, which is devoid of the enzyme, or Streptococcus mutans, in which the diadenylate cyclase is not essential. Additionally, the binding site in ssDacA for IPA-3 was predicted by molecular docking, and contains residues that are relatively conserved in diadenylate cyclase of Gram-positive bacteria. Collectively, our results illustrate the feasibility of ssDacA as an antimicrobial target and consider IPA-3 as a promising starting point for the development of a novel antibacterial.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gao Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Chen K, Wu X, Liu Y, Feng X, Kong D, Ning X. The First FRET-Based RNA Aptamer NanoKit for Sensitively and Specifically Detecting c-di-GMP. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:716-725. [PMID: 34994567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An effective method to identify c-di-GMP may significantly facilitate the exploration of its signaling pathways and bacterial pathogenesis. Herein, we have developed the first conjugated polymer-amplified RNA aptamer NanoKit with a unique core-shell-shell architecture, which combines the advantages of high selectivity of RNA aptamers and high sensitivity of strong fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect, for precisely detecting c-di-GMP. We identified that NanoKit could selectively detect c-di-GMP with a low detection limit of 50 pM. Importantly, NanoKit could identify bacterial species and physiological states, such as planktonic, biofilm, and even antibiotic-resistance, on the basis of their different c-di-GMP expression patterns. Particularly, NanoKit could distinguish bacterial infection and inflammation and identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated pneumonia and sepsis, thereby guiding treatment choice and monitoring antibiotic effects. Therefore, NanoKit provides a promising strategy to rapidly identify c-di-GMP and its associated diseases and may benefit for pathophoresis management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yurui Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kerong Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuli Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinghai Ning
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Homma M, Kojima S. Roles of the second messenger c‐di‐GMP in bacteria: Focusing on the topics of flagellar regulation and
Vibrio
spp. Genes Cells 2022; 27:157-172. [PMID: 35073606 PMCID: PMC9303241 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Typical second messengers include cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP (cGMP), and inositol phosphate. In bacteria, cyclic diguanylate (c‐di‐GMP), which is not used in animals, is widely used as a second messenger for environmental responses. Initially found as a regulator of cellulose synthesis, this small molecule is known to be widely present in bacteria. A wide variety of synthesis and degradation enzymes for c‐di‐GMP exist, and the activities of effector proteins are regulated by changing the cellular c‐di‐GMP concentration in response to the environment. It has been shown well that c‐di‐GMP plays an essential role in pathogenic cycle and is involved in flagellar motility in Vibrio cholerae. In this review, we aim to explain the direct or indirect regulatory mechanisms of c‐di‐GMP in bacteria, focusing on the study of c‐di‐GMP in Vibrio spp. and in flagella, which are our research subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Homma
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang M, Chaudhuri R, Ong WWS, Sintim HO. c-di-GMP Induces COX-2 Expression in Macrophages in a STING-Independent Manner. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1663-1670. [PMID: 34478263 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid, are potent immunostimulatory molecules and promote the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). While the production of COX-2, and ultimately prostaglandin E2, could be protective, persistent induction of COX-2 leads to inflamed environments that can result in septic shock and death. Bacterial derived cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, are also PAMPs and have been shown to produce inflamed environments via the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as type I interferons. The well-characterized CDN immunostimulatory mechanism involves binding to stimulator of interferon genes (STING), which ultimately results in the phosphorylation of IRF3 or release of NF-κB to promote expression of type I IFN or pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we sought to investigate if CDNs promote COX-2 expression. Using RAW macrophages as a model system, we reveal that c-di-GMP, but not c-di-AMP or the host-derived 2',3'-cGAMP, promotes COX-2 expression. Using analogues of CDNs, we show that the presence of two guanines and two 3',5'-phosphodiester linkages are requirements for the promotion of COX-2 expression by cyclic dinucleotides. Both c-di-GMP and LPS inductions of COX-2 expression in RAW macrophages are STING-independent and are regulated by Tpl2-MEK-ERK-CREB signaling; inhibitors of Tpl2, MEK, and ERK could attenuate COX-2 expression promoted by c-di-GMP. This work adds to the growing body of evidence that cyclic dinucleotides regulate pathways other than the STING-TBK1-IRF3 axis. Additionally, the differential COX-2 induction by c-di-GMP but not c-di-AMP or cGAMP suggests that the type and level of inflammation could be dictated by the nucleotide signature of the invading pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Modi Wang
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Riddhi Chaudhuri
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wilson W. S. Ong
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xuan TF, Wang ZQ, Liu J, Yu HT, Lin QW, Chen WM, Lin J. Design and Synthesis of Novel c-di-GMP G-Quadruplex Inducers as Bacterial Biofilm Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11074-11089. [PMID: 34323486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The formation of biofilms by clinical pathogens typically leads to chronic and recurring antibiotic-resistant infections. High cellular levels of cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), a ubiquitous secondary messenger of bacteria, have been proven to be associated with a sessile biofilm lifestyle of pathogens. A promising antibiofilm strategy involving the induction of c-di-GMP to form dysfunctional G-quadruplexes, thereby blocking the c-di-GMP-mediated biofilm regulatory pathway, was proposed in this study. In this new strategy, a series of novel c-di-GMP G-quadruplex inducers were designed and synthesized for development of therapeutic biofilm inhibitors. Compound 5h exhibited favorable c-di-GMP G-quadruplex-inducing activity and 62.18 ± 6.76% biofilm inhibitory activity at 1.25 μM without any DNA intercalation effect. Moreover, the favorable performance of 5h in interfering with c-di-GMP-related biological functions, including bacterial motility and bacterial extracellular polysaccharide secretion, combined with the reporter strain and transcriptome analysis results confirmed the c-di-GMP signaling-related action mechanism of 5h.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei Xuan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Qiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Wen Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Andersen JB, Hultqvist LD, Jansen CU, Jakobsen TH, Nilsson M, Rybtke M, Uhd J, Fritz BG, Seifert R, Berthelsen J, Nielsen TE, Qvortrup K, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T. Identification of small molecules that interfere with c-di-GMP signaling and induce dispersal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:59. [PMID: 34244523 PMCID: PMC8271024 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are involved in a number of infections that cannot be cured, as microbes in biofilms resist host immune defenses and antibiotic therapies. With no strict biofilm-antibiotic in the current pipelines, there is an unmet need for drug candidates that enable the current antibiotics to eradicate bacteria in biofilms. We used high-throughput screening to identify chemical compounds that reduce the intracellular c-di-GMP content in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This led to the identification of a small molecule that efficiently depletes P. aeruginosa for c-di-GMP, inhibits biofilm formation, and disperses established biofilm. A combination of our lead compound with standard of care antibiotics showed improved eradication of an implant-associated infection established in mice. Genetic analyses provided evidence that the anti-biofilm compound stimulates the activity of the c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase BifA in P. aeruginosa. Our work constitutes a proof of concept for c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase-activating drugs administered in combination with antibiotics as a viable treatment strategy for otherwise recalcitrant infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bo Andersen
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Dahl Hultqvist
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tim Holm Jakobsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Nilsson
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Rybtke
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Uhd
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Blaine Gabriel Fritz
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Berthelsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Eiland Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Givskov
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ruksakiet K, Stercz B, Tóth G, Jaikumpun P, Gróf I, Tengölics R, Lohinai ZM, Horváth P, Deli MA, Steward MC, Dobay O, Zsembery Á. Bicarbonate Evokes Reciprocal Changes in Intracellular Cyclic di-GMP and Cyclic AMP Levels in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060519. [PMID: 34200909 PMCID: PMC8230467 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. Cyclic di-GMP and cyclic AMP are second messengers regulating the bacterial lifestyle transition in response to environmental signals. We aimed to investigate the effects of extracellular pH and bicarbonate on intracellular c-di-GMP and cAMP levels, and on biofilm formation. P. aeruginosa was inoculated in a brain−heart infusion medium supplemented with 25 and 50 mM NaCl in ambient air (pH adjusted to 7.4 and 7.7 respectively), or with 25 and 50 mM NaHCO3 in 5% CO2 (pH 7.4 and 7.7). After 16 h incubation, c-di-GMP and cAMP were extracted and their concentrations determined. Biofilm formation was investigated using an xCelligence real-time cell analyzer and by crystal violet assay. Our results show that HCO3− exposure decreased c-di-GMP and increased cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner. Biofilm formation was also reduced after 48 h exposure to HCO3−. The reciprocal changes in second messenger concentrations were not influenced by changes in medium pH or osmolality. These findings indicate that HCO3− per se modulates the levels of c-di-GMP and cAMP, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation and promoting the planktonic lifestyle of the bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasidid Ruksakiet
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Balázs Stercz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Pongsiri Jaikumpun
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Ilona Gróf
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Roland Tengölics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- HCEMM-BRC Metabolic Systems Biology Laboratory, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt M. Lohinai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Martin C. Steward
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Orsolya Dobay
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
CdgL is a degenerate nucleotide cyclase domain protein affecting flagellin synthesis and motility in Bacillus thuringiensis. Res Microbiol 2021; 172:103850. [PMID: 34082027 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Bacillus subtilis, motility genes are expressed in a hierarchical pattern - governed by the σD transcription factor and other proteins such as the EpsE molecular clutch and SlrA/SlrR regulator proteins. In contrast, motile species in the Bacillus cereus group seem to express their motility genes in a non-hierarchical pattern, and less is known about their regulation, also given that no orthologs to σD, EpsE, SlrA or SlrR are found in B. cereus group genomes. Here we show that deletion of cdgL (BTB_RS26690/BTB_c54300) in Bacillus thuringiensis 407 (cry-) resulted in a six-to ten-fold downregulation of the entire motility locus, and loss of flagellar structures and swimming motility. cdgL is unique to the B. cereus group and is found in all phylogenetic clusters in the population except for group I, which comprises isolates of non-motile Bacillus pseudomycoides. Analysis of RNA-Seq data revealed cdgL to be expressed in a three-gene operon with a NupC like nucleoside transporter, and a putative glycosyl transferase for which transposon-based gene inactivation was previously shown to produce a similar phenotype to cdgL deletion. Interestingly, all three proteins were predicted to be membrane-bound and may provide a concerted function in the regulation of B. cereus group motility.
Collapse
|
22
|
Elmanfi S, Yilmaz M, Ong WWS, Yeboah KS, Sintim HO, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Gürsoy UK. Bacterial Cyclic Dinucleotides and the cGAS-cGAMP-STING Pathway: A Role in Periodontitis? Pathogens 2021; 10:675. [PMID: 34070809 PMCID: PMC8226932 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cells can recognize cytosolic double-stranded DNAs and endogenous second messengers as cyclic dinucleotides-including c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP, and cGAMP-of invading microbes via the critical and essential innate immune signaling adaptor molecule known as STING. This recognition activates the innate immune system and leads to the production of Type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. In this review, we (1) focus on the possible role of bacterial cyclic dinucleotides and the STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and the regulation of periodontal immune response, and (2) review and discuss activators and inhibitors of the STING pathway as immune response regulators and their potential utility in the treatment of periodontitis. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched with the terms "STING", "TBK 1", "IRF3", and "cGAS"-alone, or together with "periodontitis". Current studies produced evidence for using STING-pathway-targeting molecules as part of anticancer therapy, and as vaccine adjuvants against microbial infections; however, the role of the STING/TBK1/IRF3 pathway in periodontal disease pathogenesis is still undiscovered. Understanding the stimulation of the innate immune response by cyclic dinucleotides opens a new approach to host modulation therapies in periodontology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Elmanfi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Wilson W. S. Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN 47907, USA; (W.W.S.O.); (K.S.Y.)
| | - Kofi S. Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN 47907, USA; (W.W.S.O.); (K.S.Y.)
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, IN 47907, USA; (W.W.S.O.); (K.S.Y.)
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
- Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi K. Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
De Smet J, Wagemans J, Hendrix H, Staes I, Visnapuu A, Horemans B, Aertsen A, Lavigne R. Bacteriophage-mediated interference of the c-di-GMP signalling pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:967-978. [PMID: 33314648 PMCID: PMC8085984 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
C-di-GMP is a key signalling molecule which impacts bacterial motility and biofilm formation and is formed by the condensation of two GTP molecules by a diguanylate cyclase. We here describe the identification and characterization of a family of bacteriophage-encoded peptides that directly impact c-di-GMP signalling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These phage proteins target Pseudomonas diguanylate cyclase YfiN by direct protein interaction (termed YIPs, YfiN Interacting Peptides). YIPs induce an increase of c-di-GMP production in the host cell, resulting in a decrease in motility and an increase in biofilm mass in P. aeruginosa. A dynamic analysis of the biofilm morphology indicates a denser biofilm structure after induction of the phage protein. This intracellular signalling interference strategy by a lytic phage constitutes an unexplored phage-based mechanism of metabolic regulation and could potentially serve as inspiration for the development of molecules that interfere with biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa and other pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen De Smet
- Laboratory of Gene TechnologyDepartment of BiosystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
- Present address:
Lab4FoodDepartment of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S)KU Leuven Campus GeelGeel2440Belgium
| | - Jeroen Wagemans
- Laboratory of Gene TechnologyDepartment of BiosystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| | - Hanne Hendrix
- Laboratory of Gene TechnologyDepartment of BiosystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| | - Ines Staes
- Laboratory of Food MicrobiologyDepartment of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| | - Annegrete Visnapuu
- Laboratory of Gene TechnologyDepartment of BiosystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| | - Benjamin Horemans
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| | - Abram Aertsen
- Laboratory of Food MicrobiologyDepartment of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene TechnologyDepartment of BiosystemsKU LeuvenHeverlee3001Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yin W, Cai X, Ma H, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Chou SH, Galperin MY, He J. A decade of research on the second messenger c-di-AMP. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 44:701-724. [PMID: 32472931 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dimeric adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is an emerging second messenger in bacteria and archaea that is synthesized from two molecules of ATP by diadenylate cyclases and degraded to pApA or two AMP molecules by c-di-AMP-specific phosphodiesterases. Through binding to specific protein- and riboswitch-type receptors, c-di-AMP regulates a wide variety of prokaryotic physiological functions, including maintaining the osmotic pressure, balancing central metabolism, monitoring DNA damage and controlling biofilm formation and sporulation. It mediates bacterial adaptation to a variety of environmental parameters and can also induce an immune response in host animal cells. In this review, we discuss the phylogenetic distribution of c-di-AMP-related enzymes and receptors and provide some insights into the various aspects of c-di-AMP signaling pathways based on more than a decade of research. We emphasize the key role of c-di-AMP in maintaining bacterial osmotic balance, especially in Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, we discuss the future direction and trends of c-di-AMP regulatory network, such as the likely existence of potential c-di-AMP transporter(s), the possibility of crosstalk between c-di-AMP signaling with other regulatory systems, and the effects of c-di-AMP compartmentalization. This review aims to cover the broad spectrum of research on the regulatory functions of c-di-AMP and c-di-AMP signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Hongdan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Shan-Ho Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Michael Y Galperin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | - Jin He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jaboulay C, Godeux AS, Doublet P, Vianney A. Regulatory Networks of the T4SS Control: From Host Cell Sensing to the Biogenesis and the Activity during the Infection. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166892. [PMID: 33636165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of effectors, DNA or proteins, that hijack host cell processes to the benefit of bacteria is a mechanism widely used by bacterial pathogens. It is achieved by complex effector injection devices, the secretion systems, among which Type 4 Secretion Systems (T4SSs) play a key role in bacterial virulence of numerous animal and plant pathogens. Considerable progress has recently been made in the structure-function analyses of T4SSs. Nevertheless, the signals and processes that trigger machine assembly and activity during infection, as well as those involved in substrate recognition and transfer, are complex and still poorly understood. In this review, we aim at summarizing the last updates of the knowledge on signaling pathways that regulate the biogenesis and the activity of T4SSs in important bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Jaboulay
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team: Legionella pathogenesis), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
| | - A S Godeux
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team: Horigene), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - P Doublet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team: Legionella pathogenesis), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - A Vianney
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, (Team: Legionella pathogenesis), Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Karanja CW, Yeboah KS, Ong WWS, Sintim HO. A STING-based fluorescent polarization assay for monitoring activities of cyclic dinucleotide metabolizing enzymes. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 2:206-214. [PMID: 34458783 PMCID: PMC8341399 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00187b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleoties, such as cGAMP, c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, are fascinating second messengers with diverse roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Consequently there is a need for simple and inexpensive methods for profiling these compounds in biological media, monitoring their synthesis or degradation by enzymes and for identifying inhibitors of proteins that metabolize or bind to these dinucleotides. Since 2011, when we reported the first simple method to detect c-di-GMP (S. Nakayama, I. Kelsey, J. Wang, K. Roelofs, B. Stefane, Y. Luo, V. T. Lee and H. O. Sintim, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 4856) or in 2014 when we revealed another surprisingly simple assay to detect c-di-AMP (J. Zhou, D. A. Sayre, Y. Zheng, H. Szmacinski and H. O. Sintim, Anal. Chem., 2014, 86, 2412), there have been efforts to develop assays to detect cyclic dinucleotides by others. However a unified and simple assay, which can be used for all cyclic dinucleotides is lacking. Here, we investigate STING binding by various fluorescein-labeled c-di-GMP, c-di-AMP and cGAMP, using fluorescent polarization (FP). Fluorescein-labeled c-di-GMP (F-c-di-GMP) was found to be the best binder of STING. This probe could be displaced by unlabeled cGAMP, c-di-AMP or c-di-GMP and hence it is a universal probe, which can be used to monitor all three dinucleotides. HPLC analysis was used to validate the new F-c-di-GMP-based FP assay. Cyclic dinucleoties, such as cGAMP, c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, are fascinating second messengers with diverse roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline W Karanja
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA
| | - Kofi S Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA
| | - Wilson W S Ong
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907-2084 USA.,Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University 720 Clinic Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Amine skeleton-based c-di-GMP derivatives as biofilm formation inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 32:127713. [PMID: 33271284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria can form a biofilm composed of diverse bacterial microorganism, which work as a barrier to protect from threats, such as antibiotics and host immunity system. The formation of biofilms significantly impairs the efficacy of antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria. It is also a serious problem to be solved that the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) accelerated by the overuse of antibiotics. Therefore, the usage of biofilm inhibition agents has attracted immense interest as a novel strategy for treatment of diseases related to bacterial infection. From the difference of mode of action against bacterial cells, biofilm inhibition agents are expected to circumvent the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study, we have developed the derivatives of c-di-GMP, a kind of cyclic dinucleotide that is expected to have the effect of inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation. Some of the synthesized derivatives were found to inhibit biofilm formation of Gram-positive bacteria.
Collapse
|
28
|
Elmanfi S, Sintim HO, Zhou J, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Gürsoy UK. Activation of Gingival Fibroblasts by Bacterial Cyclic Dinucleotides and Lipopolysaccharide. Pathogens 2020; 9:E792. [PMID: 32993127 PMCID: PMC7600373 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and respond with inflammatory proteins. Simultaneous impacts of bacterial cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gingival keratinocytes have been previously demonstrated, but the effects of these MAMPs on other periodontal cell types, such as gingival fibroblasts, remain to be clarified. The present aim was to examine the independent and combined effects of these cyclic dinucleotides and LPS on interleukin (IL) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) response of HGFs. The cells were incubated with c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP, either in the presence or absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS, for 2 h and 24 h. The levels of IL-8, -10, and -34, and MMP-1, -2, and -3 secreted were measured by the Luminex technique. LPS alone or together with cyclic dinucleotides elevated IL-8 levels. IL-10 levels were significantly increased in the presence of c-di-GMP and LPS after 2 h but disappeared after 24 h of incubation. Concurrent treatment of c-di-AMP and LPS elevated MMP-1 levels, whereas c-di-GMP with LPS suppressed MMP-2 levels but increased MMP-3 levels. To conclude, we produce evidence that cyclic dinucleotides interact with LPS-mediated early response of gingival fibroblasts, while late cellular response is mainly regulated by LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Elmanfi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
- Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi K. Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.E.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, like many related Firmicutes, uses the nucleotide second messenger cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, osmotic stress, and the presence of cell wall-acting antibiotics. In rich medium, c-di-AMP is essential; however, mutations in cbpB, the gene encoding c-di-AMP binding protein B, suppress essentiality. In this study, we identified that the reason for cbpB-dependent essentiality is through induction of the stringent response by RelA. RelA is a bifunctional RelA/SpoT homolog (RSH) that modulates levels of (p)ppGpp, a secondary messenger that orchestrates the stringent response through multiple allosteric interactions. We performed a forward genetic suppressor screen on bacteria lacking c-di-AMP to identify genomic mutations that rescued growth while cbpB was constitutively expressed and identified mutations in the synthetase domain of RelA. The synthetase domain of RelA was also identified as an interacting partner of CbpB in a yeast-2-hybrid screen. Biochemical analyses confirmed that free CbpB activates RelA while c-di-AMP inhibits its activation. We solved the crystal structure of CbpB bound and unbound to c-di-AMP and provide insight into the region important for c-di-AMP binding and RelA activation. The results of this study show that CbpB completes a homeostatic regulatory circuit between c-di-AMP and (p)ppGpp in Listeria monocytogenes.
Collapse
|
30
|
Intercepting second-messenger signaling by rationally designed peptides sequestering c-di-GMP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17211-17220. [PMID: 32611811 PMCID: PMC7382256 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001232117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) regulates a wide range of bacterial cellular functions from biofilm formation to growth and survival. Based on the structural analysis of the complex of c-di-GMP with a bacterial effector protein followed by amino acid sequence optimization, we have developed a short peptide that binds c-di-GMP with nanomolar affinity and high specificity. This provides many opportunities for biotechnological and biomedical applications. In particular, we show that such an endogenously expressed peptide effectively reduces intracellular c-di-GMP and thereby inhibits and even disintegrates biofilms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bacterial second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) regulates a wide range of cellular functions from biofilm formation to growth and survival. Targeting a second-messenger network is challenging because the system involves a multitude of components with often overlapping functions. Here, we present a strategy to intercept c-di-GMP signaling pathways by directly targeting the second messenger. For this, we developed a c-di-GMP–sequestering peptide (CSP) that was derived from a CheY-like c-di-GMP effector protein. CSP binds c-di-GMP with submicromolar affinity. The elucidation of the CSP⋅c-di-GMP complex structure by NMR identified a linear c-di-GMP–binding motif, in which a self-intercalated c-di-GMP dimer is tightly bound by a network of H bonds and π-stacking interactions involving arginine and aromatic residues. Structure-based mutagenesis yielded a variant with considerably higher, low-nanomolar affinity, which subsequently was shortened to 19 residues with almost uncompromised affinity. We demonstrate that endogenously expressed CSP intercepts c-di-GMP signaling and effectively inhibits biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most widely used model for serious biofilm-associated medical implications.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The second messenger molecule cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is formed by many bacteria and archaea. In many species that produce c-di-AMP, this second messenger is essential for viability on rich medium. Recent research has demonstrated that c-di-AMP binds to a large number of proteins and riboswitches, which are often involved in potassium and osmotic homeostasis. c-di-AMP becomes dispensable if the bacteria are cultivated on minimal media with low concentrations of osmotically active compounds. Thus, the essentiality of c-di-AMP does not result from an interaction with a single essential target but rather from the multilevel control of complex homeostatic processes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the homeostasis of c-di-AMP and its function(s) in the control of cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Stülke
- Department of General Microbiology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Larissa Krüger
- Department of General Microbiology, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The zoonotic pathogen Leptospira interrogans mitigates environmental stress through cyclic-di-GMP-controlled biofilm production. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:24. [PMID: 32532998 PMCID: PMC7293261 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The zoonotic bacterium Leptospira interrogans is the aetiological agent of leptospirosis, a re-emerging infectious disease that is a growing public health concern. Most human cases of leptospirosis result from environmental infection. Biofilm formation and its contribution to the persistence of virulent leptospires in the environment or in the host have scarcely been addressed. Here, we examined spatial and time-domain changes in biofilm production by L. interrogans. Our observations showed that biofilm formation in L. interrogans is a highly dynamic process and leads to a polarized architecture. We notably found that the biofilm matrix is composed of extracellular DNA, which enhances the biofilm's cohesiveness. By studying L. interrogans mutants with defective diguanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase genes, we show that biofilm production is regulated by intracellular levels of bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) and underpins the bacterium's ability to withstand a wide variety of simulated environmental stresses. Our present results show how the c-di-GMP pathway regulates biofilm formation by L. interrogans, provide insights into the environmental persistence of L. interrogans and, more generally, highlight leptospirosis as an environment-borne threat to human health.
Collapse
|
33
|
Lipoteichoic Acid Biosynthesis Inhibitors as Potent Inhibitors of S. aureus and E. faecalis Growth and Biofilm Formation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102277. [PMID: 32408616 PMCID: PMC7287929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) have been deemed as serious threats by the CDC. Many chronic MRSA and VRE infections are due to biofilm formation. Biofilm are considered to be between 10–10,000 times more resistant to antibiotics, and therefore new chemical entities that inhibit and/or eradicate biofilm formation are needed. Teichoic acids, such as lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) and wall teichoic acids (WTAs), play pivotal roles in Gram-positive bacteria’s ability to grow, replicate, and form biofilms, making the inhibition of these teichoic acids a promising approach to fight infections by biofilm forming bacteria. Here, we describe the potent biofilm inhibition activity against MRSA and VRE biofilms by two LTA biosynthesis inhibitors HSGN-94 and HSGN-189 with MBICs as low as 0.0625 µg/mL against MRSA biofilms and 0.5 µg/mL against VRE biofilms. Additionally, both HSGN-94 and HSGN-189 were shown to potently synergize with the WTA inhibitor Tunicamycin in inhibiting MRSA and VRE biofilm formation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Dippel AB, Anderson WA, Park JH, Yildiz FH, Hammond MC. Development of Ratiometric Bioluminescent Sensors for in Vivo Detection of Bacterial Signaling. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:904-914. [PMID: 32186367 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Second messenger signaling networks allow cells to sense and adapt to changing environmental conditions. In bacteria, the nearly ubiquitous second messenger molecule cyclic di-GMP coordinates diverse processes such as motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. In bacterial pathogens, these signaling networks allow the bacteria to survive changing environmental conditions that are experienced during infection of a mammalian host. While studies have examined the effects of cyclic di-GMP levels on virulence in these pathogens, it has not been possible to visualize cyclic di-GMP levels in real time during the stages of host infection. Toward this goal, we generate the first ratiometric, chemiluminescent biosensor scaffold that selectively responds to c-di-GMP. By engineering the biosensor scaffold, a suite of Venus-YcgR-NLuc (VYN) biosensors is generated that provide extremely high sensitivity (KD < 300 pM) and large changes in the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) signal (up to 109%). As a proof-of-concept that VYN biosensors can image cyclic di-GMP in tissues, we show that the VYN biosensors function in the context of a tissue phantom model, with only ∼103-104 biosensor-expressing E. coli cells required for the measurement. Furthermore, we utilize the biosensor in vitro to assess changes in cyclic di-GMP in V. cholerae grown with different inputs found in the host environment. The VYN sensors developed here can serve as robust in vitro diagnostic tools for high throughput screening, as well as genetically encodable tools for monitoring the dynamics of c-di-GMP in live cells, and lay the groundwork for live cell imaging of c-di-GMP dynamics in bacteria within tissues and other complex environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Dippel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Wyatt A. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jin Hwan Park
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Fitnat H. Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Ming C. Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang ZQ, Xuan TF, Liu J, Chen WM, Lin J. A fluorescence-based high-throughput screening method for determining the activity of diguanylate cyclases and c-di-GMP phosphodiesterases. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19482-19489. [PMID: 35515470 PMCID: PMC9054106 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02540b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The dinucleotide 3′,5′-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) is a critical second messenger found in bacteria. High cellular levels of c-di-GMP are associated with a sessile, biofilm lifestyle in many bacteria, which is associated with more than 70% of clinically resistant infections. Cellular c-di-GMP concentrations are regulated by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which are responsible for the production and degradation, respectively, of c-di-GMP. Therefore, DGCs and PDEs might be attractive drug targets for controlling biofilm formation. In this study, a simple and universal high-throughput method based on a c-di-GMP-specific fluorescent probe for the determination of DGC and PDE activity was described. By using the proposed method, the c-di-GMP content in samples was rapidly quantified by measuring the fluorescence intensity in a 96-well plate by using a microplate reader. In addition, the probe molecule A18 directly interacted with the substrate c-di-GMP, and the method was not limited by the structure of enzymes. The dinucleotide 3′,5′-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) is a critical second messenger found in bacteria.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Teng-Fei Xuan
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ning H, Wang L, Zhou J, Lu Y, Kang J, Ding T, Shen L, Xu Z, Bai Y. Recombinant BCG With Bacterial Signaling Molecule Cyclic di-AMP as Endogenous Adjuvant Induces Elevated Immune Responses After Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1519. [PMID: 31333655 PMCID: PMC6618344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) and remains the most commonly used vaccine worldwide. However, BCG has varied protective efficiency in adults and has safety concerns in immunocompromised population. Thus, effective vaccines are necessary for preventing the prevalence of TB. Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a bacterial second messenger which regulates various cellular processes and host immune response. Previous work found that c-di-AMP regulates bacterial physiological function, pathogenicity and host type I IFN response. In this study, we constructed a recombinant BCG (rBCG) by overexpressing DisA, the diadenylate cyclase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and observed the physiological changes of rBCG-DisA. The immunological characteristics of rBCG-DisA were investigated on humoral and cellar immune responses in a mice infection model. Our study demonstrated that overexpression of DisA in BCG does not affect the growth but reduces the length of BCG. rBCG-DisA-immunized mice show similar humoral and cellar immune responses in BCG-immunized mice. After Mtb infection, the splenic lymphocytes from both BCG and rBCG-DisA-immunized mice produced more IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-10 than the un-immunized (UN) mice, while the cytokine levels of the rBCG-DisA group increased significantly than those of the BCG group. The transcription of IFN-β, IL-1β and autophagy related genes (Atgs) were up-regulated in macrophages after treated with c-di-AMP or bacterial infection. The productions of IL-6 were increased after Mtb challenge, especially in the rBCG-DisA-immunized mice. Strikingly, H3K4me3, the epigenetic marker of innate immune memory, was found in both two immunized groups, and the rBCG-DisA group showed stronger expression of H3K4me3 than that of BCG. In addition, the pathological changes of rBCG-DisA immunized mice were similar to that of BCG-immunized mice. The bacterial burdens in the lungs and spleens of BCG- and rBCG-DisA-immunized mice were significantly decreased, but there was no significant difference between the two immunized groups. Together, these results suggested that compared to BCG, rBCG-DisA vaccination, induces stronger immune responses but did not provided additional protection against Mtb infection in this study, which may be related to the innate immunity memory. Hence, c-di-AMP is a promising immunomodulator for a further developed BCG as a better vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ning
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lifei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanzhi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianbing Ding
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,College of Medicine, Xijing University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lixin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhikai Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinlan Bai
- Department of Microbiology and Pathogen Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kwon Y, Park OJ, Kim J, Cho JH, Yun CH, Han SH. Cyclic Dinucleotides Inhibit Osteoclast Differentiation Through STING-Mediated Interferon-β Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1366-1375. [PMID: 30779854 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), such as cyclic diadenylate monophosphate and cyclic diguanylate monophosphate, are commensal bacteria-derived second messengers in the gut that modulate bacterial survival, colonization, and biofilm formation. Recently, CDNs have been discovered to have an immunomodulatory activity by inducing the expression of type I interferon (IFN) through STING signaling pathway in macrophages. Because CDNs are possibly absorbed and delivered into the bone marrow, where bone-resorbing osteoclasts are derived from monocyte/macrophage lineages, CDNs could affect bone metabolism by regulating osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effect of CDNs on the differentiation and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. When bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were differentiated into osteoclasts with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in the presence of CDNs, the differentiation was inhibited by CDNs in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, CDNs did not influence the differentiation of committed osteoclasts or osteoblast precursors. STING signaling pathway appeared to be critical for CDNs-mediated inhibition of osteoclast differentiation since CDNs induced the phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3, a representative feature of STING activation, and osteoclast differentiation was restored in STING knockdown BMMs with siRNA. Moreover, CDNs increased the mRNA expression of STING-meditated IFN-β, which is a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, CDNs also induced the phosphorylation of STAT1, which mediates IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR) signal transduction. The inhibitory effects of CDNs on osteoclast differentiation were not observed in the presence of antibody blocking IFNAR or in macrophages derived from IFNAR1-/- mice. Experiments using a mouse calvarial implantation model showed that RANKL-induced bone resorption was inhibited by CDNs. Taken together, these results suggest that CDNs inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption through induction of IFN-β via the STING signaling pathway. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeongkag Kwon
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseon Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cho
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
DncV Synthesizes Cyclic GMP-AMP and Regulates Biofilm Formation and Motility in Escherichia coli ECOR31. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02492-18. [PMID: 30837338 PMCID: PMC6401482 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02492-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to sense and respond to environmental signals is critical for survival. Bacteria use cyclic dinucleotides as second messengers to regulate a number of physiological processes, such as the fundamental life style transition between motility and sessility (biofilm formation). cGAMP, which is synthesized by a dinucleotide cyclase called DncV, is a newly discovered second messenger involved in virulence and chemotaxis in the Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor causing the current 7th cholera pandemic. However, to what extent cGAMP exists and participates in physiological processes in other bacteria is still unknown. In this study, we found an elevated cGAMP level to possibly regulate biofilm formation and motility in the animal commensal E. coli strain ECOR31. Thus, we detected a novel role for cGAMP signaling in regulation of physiological processes other than those previously reported in proteobacterial species. Cyclic dinucleotides (cDNs) act as intracellular second messengers, modulating bacterial physiology to regulate the fundamental life style transition between motility and sessility commonly known as biofilm formation. Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), synthesized by the dinucleotide cyclase DncV, is a newly discovered cDN second messenger involved in virulence and chemotaxis in Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor. Here we report a novel role for horizontally transferred DncV in cGAMP production and regulation of biofilm formation and motility in the animal commensal strain Escherichia coli ECOR31. ECOR31 expresses a semiconstitutive temperature-independent rdar (red, dry, and rough) morphotype on Congo red agar plates characterized by the extracellular matrix components cellulose and curli fimbriae which requires activation by the major biofilm regulator CsgD and cyclic di-GMP signaling. In contrast, C-terminal His-tagged DncV negatively regulates the rdar biofilm morphotype and cell aggregation via downregulation of csgD mRNA steady-state level. Furthermore, DncV sequentially promotes and inhibits adhesion to the abiotic surface after 24 h and 48 h of growth, respectively. DncV also suppresses swimming and swarming motility posttranscriptional of the class 1 flagellum regulon gene flhD. Purified DncV produced different cDNs, cyclic di-GMP, cyclic di-AMP, an unknown product(s), and the dominant species 3′3′-cGAMP. In vivo, only the 3′3′-cGAMP concentration was elevated upon short-term overexpression of dncV, making this work a first report on cGAMP production in E. coli. Regulation of rdar biofilm formation and motility upon overexpression of untagged DncV in combination with three adjacent cotransferred gene products suggests a novel temperature-dependent cGAMP signaling module in E. coli ECOR31.
Collapse
|
39
|
Dialer CR, Stazzoni S, Drexler DJ, Müller FM, Veth S, Pichler A, Okamura H, Witte G, Hopfner KP, Carell T. A Click-Chemistry Linked 2'3'-cGAMP Analogue. Chemistry 2019; 25:2089-2095. [PMID: 30536650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
2'3'-cGAMP is an uncanonical cyclic dinucleotide where one A and one G base are connected via a 3'-5' and a unique 2'-5' linkage. The molecule is produced by the cyclase cGAS in response to cytosolic DNA binding. cGAMP activates STING and hence one of the most powerful pathways of innate immunity. cGAMP analogues with uncharged linkages that feature better cellular penetrability are currently highly desired. Here, the synthesis of a cGAMP analogue with one amide and one triazole linkage is reported. The molecule is best prepared via a first CuI -catalyzed click reaction, which establishes the triazole, while the cyclization is achieved by macrolactamization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Reto Dialer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Samuele Stazzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - David Jan Drexler
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Moritz Müller
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Veth
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Pichler
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Hidenori Okamura
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Peter Hopfner
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Carell
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Miller DP, Lamont RJ. Signaling Systems in Oral Bacteria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1197:27-43. [PMID: 31732932 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28524-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The supra- and subgingival plaque biofilm communities of plaque are composed of hundreds of different microbes. These communities are spatially and temporally structured, largely due to cell-cell communications that coordinate synergistic interactions, and intracellular signaling systems to sense changes in the surrounding environment. Homeostasis is maintained through metabolic communication, mutualistic cross-feeding, and cross-respiration. These nutritional symbioses can reciprocally influence the local microenvironments by altering the pH and by detoxifying oxidative compounds. Signal transduction mechanisms include two-component systems, tyrosine phosphorelays, quorum sensing systems, and cyclic nucleotide secondary messengers. Signaling converges on transcriptional programs and can result in synergistic or antagonistic interbacterial interactions that sculpt community development. The sum of all these interactions can be a well-organized polymicrobial community that remains in homeostasis with the host, or a dysbiotic community that provokes pathogenic responses in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Miller
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Making and Breaking of an Essential Poison: the Cyclases and Phosphodiesterases That Produce and Degrade the Essential Second Messenger Cyclic di-AMP in Bacteria. J Bacteriol 2018; 201:JB.00462-18. [PMID: 30224435 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00462-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic di-AMP is a second-messenger nucleotide that is produced by many bacteria and some archaea. Recent work has shown that c-di-AMP is unique among the signaling nucleotides, as this molecule is in many bacteria both essential on one hand and toxic upon accumulation on the other. Moreover, in bacteria, like Bacillus subtilis, c-di-AMP controls a biological process, potassium homeostasis, by binding both potassium transporters and riboswitch molecules in the mRNAs that encode the potassium transporters. In addition to the control of potassium homeostasis, c-di-AMP has been implicated in many cellular activities, including DNA repair, cell wall homeostasis, osmotic adaptation, biofilm formation, central metabolism, and virulence. c-di-AMP is synthesized and degraded by diadenylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases, respectively. In the diadenylate cyclases, one type of catalytic domain, the diadenylate cyclase (DAC) domain, is coupled to various other domains that control the localization, the protein-protein interactions, and the regulation of the enzymes. The phosphodiesterases have a catalytic core that consists either of a DHH/DHHA1 or of an HD domain. Recent findings on the occurrence, domain organization, activity control, and structural features of diadenylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases are discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang M, Sintim HO. Discriminating cyclic from linear nucleotides - CRISPR/Cas-related cyclic hexaadenosine monophosphate as a case study. Anal Biochem 2018; 567:21-26. [PMID: 30502320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids exist in biological systems as linear and cyclic forms and in most cases the biology of the cyclic form is different from the linear form of exactly the same sequence. Case examples are cyclic nucleotides, second messengers in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes whereby the cyclic forms account for their interesting biological profiles and the actions of the cyclic nucleotides are terminated upon phosphodiesterase hydrolysis into linear forms. For mono and dinucleotides, it has been shown that vast conformational changes that accompany the hydrolysis of the cyclized form allow for discrimination between the cyclized and linear forms. As the ring size increases, it becomes difficult to use conformational or structural differences alone to discriminate between cyclic and linear nucleotides. Here we reveal that for the recently discovered CRISPR/Cas-related cyclic hexaadenosine monophosphate, it is possible to discriminate between the cyclized and linear forms. The structures of c-HexaAMP and linear form are different in acidic media and this structural difference facilitated a simple and practical detection platform for this interesting and new bacterial immunity-related molecule, and we also demonstrate that it is possible to distinguish between linear and cyclized polynucleotides using simple spectroscopic techniques, such as CD and fluorescence-based methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Modi Wang
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Chemistry Department, Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA; Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Water-soluble cranberry extract inhibits Vibrio cholerae biofilm formation possibly through modulating the second messenger 3', 5' - Cyclic diguanylate level. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207056. [PMID: 30403745 PMCID: PMC6221352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) and nucleotide-based second messengers are vital signaling systems that regulate bacterial physiology in response to changing environments. Disrupting bacterial signal transduction is a promising direction to combat infectious diseases, and QS and the second messengers are undoubtedly potential targets. In Vibrio cholerae, both QS and the second messenger 3’, 5’—cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) play a central role in controlling motility, motile-to-sessile life transition, and virulence. In this study, we found that water-soluble extract from the North American cranberry could significantly inhibit V. cholerae biofilm formation during the development/maturation stage by reducing the biofilm matrix production and secretion. The anti-biofilm effect by water-soluble cranberry extract was possibly through modulating the intracellular c-di-GMP level and was independent of QS and the QS master regulator HapR. Our results suggest an opportunity to explore more functional foods to fight stubborn infections through interference with the bacterial signaling systems.
Collapse
|
44
|
Matz KM, Guzman RM, Goodman AG. The Role of Nucleic Acid Sensing in Controlling Microbial and Autoimmune Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 345:35-136. [PMID: 30904196 PMCID: PMC6445394 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity, the first line of defense against invading pathogens, is an ancient form of host defense found in all animals, from sponges to humans. During infection, innate immune receptors recognize conserved molecular patterns, such as microbial surface molecules, metabolites produces during infection, or nucleic acids of the microbe's genome. When initiated, the innate immune response activates a host defense program that leads to the synthesis proteins capable of pathogen killing. In mammals, the induction of cytokines during the innate immune response leads to the recruitment of professional immune cells to the site of infection, leading to an adaptive immune response. While a fully functional innate immune response is crucial for a proper host response and curbing microbial infection, if the innate immune response is dysfunctional and is activated in the absence of infection, autoinflammation and autoimmune disorders can develop. Therefore, it follows that the innate immune response must be tightly controlled to avoid an autoimmune response from host-derived molecules, yet still unencumbered to respond to infection. In this review, we will focus on the innate immune response activated from cytosolic nucleic acids, derived from the microbe or host itself. We will depict how viruses and bacteria activate these nucleic acid sensing pathways and their mechanisms to inhibit the pathways. We will also describe the autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders that develop when these pathways are hyperactive. Finally, we will discuss gaps in knowledge with regard to innate immune response failure and identify where further research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keesha M Matz
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - R Marena Guzman
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Alan G Goodman
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhao Y, Wang J, Sun Q, Dou C, Gu Y, Nie C, Zhu X, Wei Y, Cheng W. Structural insights into the CRISPR-Cas-associated ribonuclease activity of Staphylococcus epidermidis Csm3 and Csm6. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2018; 63:691-699. [PMID: 36658818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) system is an adaptive immune system in bacteria and archaea that resists exogenous invasion through nucleic acid-mediated cleavage. In the type III-A system, the Csm complex contains five effectors and a CRISPR RNA, which edits both single stranded RNA and double stranded DNA. It has recently been demonstrated that cyclic oligoadenylates (cOAs), which are synthesized by the Csm complex, act as second messengers that bind and activate Csm6. Here, we report the crystal structures of Staphylococcus epidermidis Csm3 (SeCsm3) and an N-terminally truncated Csm6 (SeCsm6ΔN) at 2.26 and 2.0 Å, respectively. The structure of SeCsm3 highly resembled previously reported Csm3 structures from other species; however, it provided novel observations allowing further enzyme characterization. The homodimeric SeCsm6ΔN folds into a compact structure. The dimerization of the HEPN domain leads to the formation of the ribonuclease active site, which is consistent with the reported Csm6 structures. Altogether, our studies provide a structural view of the ribonuclease activity mediated by Csm3 and Csm6 of the type III-A CRISPR-Cas system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Zhao
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chao Dou
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yijun Gu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chunlai Nie
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Foletti C, Kramer RA, Mauser H, Jenal U, Bleicher KH, Wennemers H. Functionalized Proline-Rich Peptides Bind the Bacterial Second Messenger c-di-GMP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Foletti
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Rolf A. Kramer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Harald Mauser
- Discovery Chemistry, PRCB; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Grenzacherstr. 124 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Urs Jenal
- Biozentrum; University of Basel; Klingelbergstr, 50/70 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Konrad H. Bleicher
- Discovery Chemistry, PRCB; F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG; Grenzacherstr. 124 4070 Basel Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Foletti C, Kramer RA, Mauser H, Jenal U, Bleicher KH, Wennemers H. Functionalized Proline-Rich Peptides Bind the Bacterial Second Messenger c-di-GMP. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [PMID: 29521445 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
c-di-GMP is an attractive target in the fight against bacterial infections since it is a near ubiquitous second messenger that regulates important cellular processes of pathogens, including biofilm formation and virulence. Screening of a combinatorial peptide library enabled the identification of the proline-rich tetrapeptide Gup-Gup-Nap-Arg, which binds c-di-GMP selectively over other nucleotides in water. Computational and CD spectroscopic studies provided a possible binding mode of the complex and enabled the design of a pentapeptide with even higher binding strength towards c-di-GMP. Biological studies showed that the tetrapeptide inhibits biofilm growth by the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Foletti
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf A Kramer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Harald Mauser
- Discovery Chemistry, PRCB, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstr. 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Jenal
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr, 50/70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konrad H Bleicher
- Discovery Chemistry, PRCB, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstr. 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Opoku-Temeng C, Sintim HO. Targeting c-di-GMP Signaling, Biofilm Formation, and Bacterial Motility with Small Molecules. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1657:419-430. [PMID: 28889311 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7240-1_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria possess several signaling molecules that regulate distinct phenotypes. Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) has emerged as a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates bacterial virulence, cell cycle, motility, and biofilm formation. The link between c-di-GMP signaling and biofilm formation affords novel strategies for treatment of biofilm-associated infections, which is a major public health problem. The complex c-di-GMP signaling pathway creates a hurdle in the development of small molecule modulators. Nonetheless, some progress has been made in this regard and inhibitors of c-di-GMP metabolizing enzymes that affect biofilm formation and motility have been documented. Herein we discuss the components of c-di-GMP signaling, their correlation with biofilm formation as well as motility and reported small molecule inhibitors of c-di-GMP signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Discovering Selective Diguanylate Cyclase Inhibitors: From PleD to Discrimination of the Active Site of Cyclic-di-GMP Phosphodiesterases. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1657:431-453. [PMID: 28889312 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7240-1_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important signals involved in controlling biofilm formation is represented by the intracellular second messenger 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP). Since the pathways involved in c-di-GMP biosynthesis and breakdown are found only in bacteria, targeting c-di-GMP metabolism represents an attractive strategy for the development of biofilm-disrupting drugs. Here, we present the workflow required to perform a structure-based design of inhibitors of diguanylate cyclases, the enzymes responsible for c-di-GMP biosynthesis. Downstream of the virtual screening process, detailed in the first part of the chapter, we report the step-by-step protocols required to test the positive hits in vitro and to validate their selectivity, thus minimizing possible off-target effects.
Collapse
|
50
|
Das S, Sarkar HS, Uddin MR, Rissanen K, Mandal S, Sahoo P. Differential detection and quantification of cyclic AMP and other adenosine phosphates in live cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018. [PMID: 28639644 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02935g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new naphthol-based rhodamine derivative (NpRD) has been developed for the selective and differential detection of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and adenosine phosphates (APs) (ATP, ADP, and AMP) from other nucleotides. The simple detection and quantification of cAMP in human blood cells and in other samples based on the 'turn on' fluorescence properties of this chemosensor through colorimetry or fluorometry makes it unique for probable application in high throughput screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati university, Santiniketan, 731235, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|