1
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Peelikuburage BGD, Martens WN, Waclawik ER. Light switching for product selectivity control in photocatalysis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10168-10207. [PMID: 38722105 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00885e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Artificial switchable catalysis is a new, rapidly expanding field that offers great potential advantages for both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems. Light irradiation is widely accepted as the best stimulus to artificial switchable chemical systems. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the synthesis and application of photo-switchable catalysts that can control when and where bond formation and dissociation take place in reactant molecules. Photo-switchable catalysis is a niche area in current catalysis, on which systematic analysis and reviews are still lacking in the scientific literature, yet it offers many intriguing and versatile applications, particularly in organic synthesis. This review aims to highlight the recent advances in photo-switchable catalyst systems that can result in two different chemical product outcomes and thus achieve a degree of control over organic synthetic reactions. Furthermore, this review evaluates different approaches that have been employed to achieve dynamic control over both the catalytic function and the selectivity of several different types of synthesis reactions, along with the remaining challenges and potential opportunities. Owing to the great diversity of the types of reactions and conditions adopted, a quantitative comparison of efficiencies between considered systems is not the focus of this review, instead the review showcases how insights from successful adopted strategies can help better harness and channel the power of photoswitchability in this new and promising area of catalysis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan G D Peelikuburage
- Centre of Materials Science & School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Wayde N Martens
- Centre of Materials Science & School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
| | - Eric R Waclawik
- Centre of Materials Science & School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
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2
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Sanna AL, Pachova T, Catellani A, Calzolari A, Sforazzini G. Meta-Substituted Asymmetric Azobenzenes: Insights into Structure-Property Relationship. Molecules 2024; 29:1929. [PMID: 38731420 PMCID: PMC11085191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive investigation into the functionalization of methoxyphenylazobenzene using electron-directing groups located at the meta position relative to the azo group. Spectroscopic analysis of meta-functionalized azobenzenes reveals that the incorporation of electron-withdrawing units significantly influences the absorption spectra of both E and Z isomers, while electron-donating functionalities lead to more subtle changes. The thermal relaxation process from Z to E result in almost twice as prolonged for electron-withdrawing functionalized azobenzenes compared to their electron-rich counterparts. Computational analysis contributes a theoretical understanding of the electronic structure and properties of meta-substituted azobenzenes. This combined approach, integrating experimental and computational techniques, yields significant insights into the structure-property relationship of meta-substituted asymmetrical phenolazobenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Sanna
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS 554, Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tatiana Pachova
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Arrigo Calzolari
- CNR-NANO, Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Giuseppe Campi, 213, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sforazzini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, SS 554, Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Hrebonkin A, Afonin S, Nikitjuka A, Borysov OV, Leitis G, Babii O, Koniev S, Lorig T, Grage SL, Nick P, Ulrich AS, Jirgensons A, Komarov IV. Spiropyran-Based Photoisomerizable α-Amino Acid for Membrane-Active Peptide Modification. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400066. [PMID: 38366887 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Photoisomerizable peptides are promising drug candidates in photopharmacology. While azobenzene- and diarylethene-containing photoisomerizable peptides have already demonstrated their potential in this regard, reports on the use of spiropyrans to photoregulate bioactive peptides are still scarce. This work focuses on the design and synthesis of a spiropyran-derived amino acid, (S)-2-amino-3-(6'-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indolin-6-yl])propanoic acid, which is suitable for the preparation of photoisomerizable peptides. The utility of this amino acid is demonstrated by incorporating it into the backbone of BP100, a known membrane-active peptide, and by examining the photoregulation of the membrane perturbation by the spiropyran-containing peptides. The toxicity of the peptides (against the plant cell line BY-2), their bacteriotoxicity (E. coli), and actin-auxin oscillator modulation ability were shown to be significantly dependent on the photoisomeric state of the spiropyran unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Hrebonkin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Nikitjuka
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleksandr V Borysov
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Gundars Leitis
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleg Babii
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Serhii Koniev
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Theo Lorig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan L Grage
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aigars Jirgensons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Lumobiotics, Auerstraße 2, 76227, Karlsruhe., Germany
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4
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Steinmüller SAM, Odaybat M, Galli G, Prischich D, Fuchter MJ, Decker M. Arylazobenzimidazoles: versatile visible-light photoswitches with tuneable Z-isomer stability. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5360-5367. [PMID: 38577348 PMCID: PMC10988581 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05246j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzimidazole heterocycles are of great importance in medicinal chemistry due to their applicability to a wide range of pharmacological targets, therefore representing a prototypical "privileged structure". In photopharmacology, azoheteroarene photoswitches have emerged as valuable tools for a variety of applications due to the high tuneability of their photophysical properties. Benzimidazole-based photoswitches could therefore enable the optically-controlled investigation of many pharmacological targets and find application in materials science. Here we report a combined experimental and computational investigation of such arylazobenzimidazoles, which allowed us to identify derivatives with near-quantitative bidirectional photoswitching using visible light and highly tuneable Z-isomer stability. We further demonstrate that arylazobenzimidazoles bearing a free benzimidazole N-H group not only exhibit efficient bidirectional photoswitching, but also excellent thermal Z-isomer stability, contrary to previously reported fast-relaxing Z-isomers of N-H azoheteroarenes. Finally, we describe derivatives which can be reversibly isomerized with cyan and red light, thereby enabling significantly "red-shifted" photocontrol over prior azoheteroarenes. The understanding gained in this study should enable future photopharmacological efforts by employing photoswitches based on the privileged benzimidazole structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A M Steinmüller
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Magdalena Odaybat
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Davia Prischich
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Matthew J Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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5
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Kapun M, Pérez-Areales FJ, Ashman N, Rowling PJE, Schober T, Fowler E, Itzhaki LS, Spring DR. Red-light modulated ortho-chloro azobenzene photoswitch for peptide stapling via aromatic substitution. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:49-54. [PMID: 38179193 PMCID: PMC10763561 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00176h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of peptide stapling using photoswitchable linkers has gained notable interest for potential therapeutic applications. However, many existing methodologies of photoswitching still rely on the use of tissue-damaging and weakly skin-penetrating UV light. Herein, we describe the development of a tetra-ortho-chloro azobenzene linker that was successfully used for cysteine-selective peptide stapling via SNAr. This linker facilitates precise photocontrol of peptide structure via trans to cis isomerisation under red light irradiation. As a proof-of-concept, we applied the developed peptide stapling platform to a modified PMI peptide, targeting the inhibition of MDM2/p53 protein-protein interaction (PPI). Biophysical characterisation of the photoswitchable peptide by competitive fluorescence polarisation showed a significant difference in affinity between the trans and cis isomer for the p53-interacting domain of the human MDM2. Remarkably, the cis isomer displayed a >240-fold higher potency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported difference in binding affinity between isoforms of a photoswitchable therapeutic peptide. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of this novel photoswitchable peptide stapling system for tuneable, selective modulation of PPIs via visible-light isomerisation with deeply-tissue penetrating red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Kapun
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | | | - Nicola Ashman
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Pamela J E Rowling
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge Tennis Court Road CB2 1PD Cambridge UK
| | - Tim Schober
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Elaine Fowler
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Laura S Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge Tennis Court Road CB2 1PD Cambridge UK
| | - David R Spring
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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6
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Matsuura K, Inaba H. Photoresponsive peptide materials: Spatiotemporal control of self-assembly and biological functions. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:041303. [PMID: 38505425 PMCID: PMC10903425 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Peptides work as both functional molecules to modulate various biological phenomena and self-assembling artificial materials. The introduction of photoresponsive units to peptides allows the spatiotemporal remote control of their structure and function upon light irradiation. This article overviews the photoresponsive peptide design, interaction with biomolecules, and applications in self-assembling materials over the last 30 years. Peptides modified with photochromic (photoisomerizable) molecules, such as azobenzene and spiropyran, reversibly photo-controlled the binding to biomolecules and nanostructure formation through self-assembly. Photocleavable molecular units irreversibly control the functions of peptides through cleavage of the main chain and deprotection by light. Photocrosslinking between peptides or between peptides and other biomolecules enhances the structural stability of peptide assemblies and complexes. These photoresponsive peptides spatiotemporally controlled the formation and dissociation of peptide assemblies, gene expressions, protein-drug interactions, protein-protein interactions, liposome deformation and motility, cytoskeleton structure and stability, and cell functions by appropriate light irradiation. These molecular systems can be applied to photo-control biological functions, molecular robots, artificial cells, and next-generation smart drug delivery materials.
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7
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Wirth U, Raabe K, Kalaba P, Keimpema E, Muttenthaler M, König B. Photoswitchable Probes of Oxytocin and Vasopressin. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14853-14865. [PMID: 37857356 PMCID: PMC10641831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) are related neuropeptides that regulate many biological processes. In humans, OT and VP act via four G protein-coupled receptors, OTR, V1aR, V1bR, and V2R (VPRs), which are associated with several disorders. To investigate the therapeutic potential of these receptors, particularly in the receptor-dense areas of the brain, molecular probes with a high temporal and spatial resolution are required. Such a spatiotemporal resolution can be achieved by incorporating photochromic moieties into OT and VP. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and (photo)pharmacological characterization of 12 OT- and VP-derived photoprobes using different modification strategies. Despite OT's and VP's sensitivity toward structural changes, we identified two photoprobes with good potency and photoswitch window for investigating the OTR and V1bR. These photoprobes should be of high value for producing cutting-edge photocontrollable peptide probes for the study of dynamic and kinetic receptor activation processes in specific regions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Wirth
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Raabe
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Predrag Kalaba
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Keimpema
- Medical
University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Socrier L, Steinem C. Photo-Lipids: Light-Sensitive Nano-Switches to Control Membrane Properties. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300203. [PMID: 37395458 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are described as a complex mixture of lipids and proteins organized according to thermodynamic principles. This chemical and spatial complexity can lead to specialized functional membrane domains enriched with specific lipids and proteins. The interaction between lipids and proteins restricts their lateral diffusion and range of motion, thus altering their function. One approach to investigating these membrane properties is to use chemically accessible probes. In particular, photo-lipids, which contain a light-sensitive azobenzene moiety that changes its configuration from trans- to cis- upon light irradiation, have recently gained popularity for modifying membrane properties. These azobenzene-derived lipids serve as nanotools for manipulating lipid membranes in vitro and in vivo. Here, we will discuss the use of these compounds in artificial and biological membranes as well as their application in drug delivery. We will focus mainly on changes in the membrane's physical properties as well as lipid membrane domains in phase-separated liquid-ordered/liquid-disordered bilayers driven by light, and how these changes in membrane physical properties alter transmembrane protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Ventura CR, Wiedman GR. WITHDRAWN: Photobuforin II, a fluorescent photoswitchable peptide. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023:130468. [PMID: 37783292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100106. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R Ventura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Gregory R Wiedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA.
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10
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Ventura CR, Wiedman GR. Photobuforin II, a fluorescent photoswitchable peptide. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 4:100106. [PMID: 37842183 PMCID: PMC10568295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide buforin II translocates across the cell membrane and binds to DNA. Its sequence is identical to a portion of core histone protein H2A making it a highly charged peptide. Buforin II has a proline residue in the middle of its sequence that creates a helix-hinge-helix motif which has been found to play a key role in its ability to translocate across the cell membrane. To explore the structure-function relationship of this proline residue this study has replaced P11 with a meta-substituted azobenzene amino acid (Z). The resultant peptide, photobuforin II, retained the secondary structure and membrane activity of the naturally occurring peptide while gaining new spectroscopic properties. Photobuforin II can be isomerized from its trans to cis isomer upon irradiation with ultra-violet (UV) light and from its cis to trans isomer upon irradiation with visible (VL). Photobuforin II is also fluorescent with an emission peak at 390 nm. The intrinsic fluorescence of the peptide was used to determine binding to the membrane and to DNA. VL-treated photobuforin II has a 2-fold lower binding constant compared to UV-treated photobuforin and causes 11-fold more membrane leakage in 3:1 POPC:POPG vesicles. Photobuforin II provides insights into the importance of structure function relationships in membrane active peptides while also demonstrating that azobenzene can be used in certain peptide sequences to produce intrinsic fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R. Ventura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
| | - Gregory R. Wiedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA
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11
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Lāce I, Bazzi S, Uranga J, Schirmacher A, Diederichsen U, Mata RA, Simeth NA. Modulating Secondary Structure Motifs Through Photo-Labile Peptide Staples. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300270. [PMID: 37216330 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-protein interactions (PPIs) are facilitated by the well-defined three-dimensional structure of bioactive peptides, interesting compounds for the development of new therapeutic agents. Their secondary structure and thus their propensity to engage in PPIs can be influenced by the introduction of peptide staples on the side chains. In particular, light-controlled staples based on azobenzene photoswitches and their structural influence on helical peptides have been studied extensively. In contrast, photolabile staples bearing photocages as a structural key motif, have mainly been used to block supramolecular interactions. Their influence on the secondary structure of the target peptide is under-investigated. Thus, in this study we use a combination of spectroscopic techniques and in silico simulations to systematically study a series of helical peptides with varying length of the photo-labile staple to obtain a detailed insight into the structure-property relationship in such photoresponsive biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Lāce
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Bazzi
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jon Uranga
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Schirmacher
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulf Diederichsen
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Cataldi E, Raschig M, Gutmann M, Geppert PT, Ruopp M, Schock M, Gerwe H, Bertermann R, Meinel L, Finze M, Nowak-Król A, Decker M, Lühmann T. Amber Light Control of Peptide Secondary Structure by a Perfluoroaromatic Azobenzene Photoswitch. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200570. [PMID: 36567253 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of photoswitches into the molecular structure of peptides and proteins enables their dynamic photocontrol in complex biological systems. Here, a perfluorinated azobenzene derivative triggered by amber light was site-specifically conjugated to cysteines in a helical peptide by perfluoroarylation chemistry. In response to the photoisomerization (trans→cis) of the conjugated azobenzene with amber light, the secondary structure of the peptide was modulated from a disorganized into an amphiphilic helical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cataldi
- Universität Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Raschig
- Universität Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Gutmann
- Universität Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick T Geppert
- Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruopp
- Universität Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Schock
- Universität Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Gerwe
- Universität Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Universität Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Universität Würzburg, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Universität Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Universität Würzburg, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Nadendla K, Simpson GG, Becher J, Journeaux T, Cabeza-Cabrerizo M, Bernardes GJL. Strategies for Conditional Regulation of Proteins. JACS AU 2023; 3:344-357. [PMID: 36873677 PMCID: PMC9975842 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Design of the next-generation of therapeutics, biosensors, and molecular tools for basic research requires that we bring protein activity under control. Each protein has unique properties, and therefore, it is critical to tailor the current techniques to develop new regulatory methods and regulate new proteins of interest (POIs). This perspective gives an overview of the widely used stimuli and synthetic and natural methods for conditional regulation of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nadendla
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Grant G. Simpson
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Julie Becher
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Toby Journeaux
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Mar Cabeza-Cabrerizo
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, U.K.
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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14
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Gödtel P, Starrett J, Pianowski ZL. Heterocyclic Hemipiperazines: Water-Compatible Peptide-Derived Photoswitches. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202204009. [PMID: 36790823 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202204009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Hemipiperazines are a recently discovered class of peptide-derived molecular photoswitches with high biocompatibility and therapeutic potential. Here, for the first time we describe photochromism of heterocyclic hemipiperazines. They demonstrate long thermal lifetimes, and enlarged band separation between photoisomers. Efficient photoisomerization occurs under aqueous conditions, although with a need for organic co-solvent. Bidirectional switching with visible light is observed for an extended aromatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gödtel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jessica Starrett
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zbigniew L Pianowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems - FMS, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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15
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Jia S, Sletten EM. Spatiotemporal Control of Biology: Synthetic Photochemistry Toolbox with Far-Red and Near-Infrared Light. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3255-3269. [PMID: 34516095 PMCID: PMC8918031 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The complex network of naturally occurring biological pathways motivates the development of new synthetic molecules to perturb and/or detect these processes for fundamental research and clinical applications. In this context, photochemical tools have emerged as an approach to control the activity of drug or probe molecules at high temporal and spatial resolutions. Traditional photochemical tools, particularly photolabile protecting groups (photocages) and photoswitches, rely on high-energy UV light that is only applicable to cells or transparent model animals. More recently, such designs have evolved into the visible and near-infrared regions with deeper tissue penetration, enabling photocontrol to study biology in tissue and model animal contexts. This Review highlights recent developments in synthetic far-red and near-infrared photocages and photoswitches and their current and potential applications at the interface of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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16
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Volarić J, Buter J, Schulte AM, van den Berg KO, Santamaría-Aranda E, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Design and Synthesis of Visible-Light-Responsive Azobenzene Building Blocks for Chemical Biology. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14319-14333. [PMID: 36285612 PMCID: PMC9639001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetra-ortho-fluoro-azobenzenes are a class of photoswitches useful for the construction of visible-light-controlled molecular systems. They can be used to achieve spatio-temporal control over the properties of a chosen bioactive molecule. However, the introduction of different substituents to the tetra-fluoro-azobenzene core can significantly affect the photochemical properties of the switch and compromise biocompatibility. Herein, we explored the effect of useful substituents, such as functionalization points, attachment handles, and water-solubilizing groups, on the photochemical properties of this photochromic system. In general, all the tested fluorinated azobenzenes exhibited favorable photochemical properties, such as high photostationary state distribution and long half-lives, both in organic solvents and in water. One of the azobenzene building blocks was functionalized with a trehalose group to enable the uptake of the photoswitch into mycobacteria. Following metabolic uptake and incorporation of the trehalose-based azobenzene in the mycobacterial cell wall, we demonstrated photoswitching of the azobenzene in the isolated total lipid extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Buter
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert M. Schulte
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eduardo Santamaría-Aranda
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands,Departamento
de Química, Universidad de la Rioja, Centro de investigación en Síntesis Química, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands,Department
of Radiology, Medical Imaging, Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands,
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands,
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17
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New azo dyes based on 8-methoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and N-substituted tetrazoles. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Volarić J, Thallmair S, Feringa BL, Szymanski W. Photoswitchable, Water‐soluble Bis‐azobenzene Cross‐linkers with Enhanced Properties for Biological Applications. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Sebastian Thallmair
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies GERMANY
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- University Medical Center Groningen Department of Radiology Hanzeplein 1 9747AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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19
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Liang L, Jia S, Barman I. DNA-POINT: DNA Patterning of Optical Imprint for Nanomaterials Topography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38388-38397. [PMID: 35969693 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Engineering well-defined scale-spanning structures through transfer of diverse biomolecules and materials to a surface is of tremendous interest in life sciences research yet remains profoundly challenging. Here, we report a novel method, termed as DNA patterning of optical imprint for nanomaterials topography (DNA-POINT), for rapid photopatterning of large area, geometrically complex surfaces via light-responsive DNA. Our method employs top-down multiphoton-driven patterning of azobenzene-modified DNA strands, offering precise position control of molecules and nanoparticles along the axial plane and a template for bottom-up self-assembly of multiple layers of different chemical composition along the vertical plane. We demonstrate the surface patterning of plasmonic gold nanoparticles, fluorophore-labeled oligonucleotides, and multiple layers consisting of molecule-nanoparticle hybrid patterns into preconceived shapes without compromising on the functionality of the biomolecules. Furthermore, we exhibit scanning mode operation of DNA-POINT, thereby paving the way for maskless and cleanroom-free fast fabrication of biochips for high-throughput diagnostics and biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sisi Jia
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai 201210, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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20
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Damiano C, Cavalleri M, Panza N, Gallo E. Cobalt Porphyrin‐Catalysed Synthesis of Azobenzenes by Dehydrogenative Coupling of Anilines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Damiano
- University of Milan: Universita degli Studi di Milano Department of Chemistry ITALY
| | - Matteo Cavalleri
- University of Milan: Universita degli Studi di Milano Department of Chemistry ITALY
| | - Nicola Panza
- University of Milan: Universita degli Studi di Milano Department of Chemistry ITALY
| | - Emma Gallo
- Universita degli Studi di Milano Department of Chemistry Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano ITALY
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21
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Komarov IV, Tolstanova G, Kuznietsova H, Dziubenko N, Yanchuk PI, Shtanova LY, Veselsky SP, Garmanchuk LV, Khranovska N, Gorbach O, Dovbynchuk T, Borysko P, Babii O, Schober T, Ulrich AS, Afonin S. Towards in vivo photomediated delivery of anticancer peptides: Insights from pharmacokinetic and -dynamic data. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 233:112479. [PMID: 35660309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An in vivo study of a photoswitchable cytotoxic peptide LMB040 has been undertaken on a chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma model in immunocompetent rats. We analysed the pharmacokinetic profile of the less toxic photoform ("ring-closed" dithienylethene) of the compound in tumors, plasma, and healthy liver. Accordingly, the peptide can reach a tumor concentration sufficiently high to exert a cytotoxic effect upon photoconversion into the more active ("ring-open") photoform. Tissue morphology, histology, redox state of the liver, and hepatic biochemical parameters in blood serum were analysed upon treatment with (i) the less active photoform, (ii) the in vivo light-activated alternative photoform, and (iii) compared with a reference chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil. We found that application of the less toxic form followed by a delayed in vivo photoconversion into the more toxic ring-open form of LMB040 led to a higher overall survival of the animals, and signs of enhanced immune response were observed compared to the untreated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine; Lumobiotics, Karlsruhe, Germany; Enamine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | | | - Halyna Kuznietsova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine; Enamine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oleg Babii
- Lumobiotics, Karlsruhe, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tim Schober
- Lumobiotics, Karlsruhe, Germany; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry of Karlsruhe KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany..
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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22
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Zhang Z, Wang W, O'Hagan M, Dai J, Zhang J, Tian H. Stepping Out of the Blue: From Visible to Near-IR Triggered Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205758. [PMID: 35524420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Light offers unique opportunities for controlling the activity of materials and biosystems with high spatiotemporal resolution. Molecular photoswitches are chromophores that undergo reversible isomerization between different states upon irradiation with light, allowing a convenient means to control their influence over the system of interest. However, a significant limitation of classical photoswitches is the requirement to initiate the switching in one or both directions using deleterious UV light with poor tissue penetration. Red-shifted photoswitches are hence in high demand and have attracted keen recent research interest. In this Review, we highlight recent progress towards the development of visible- and NIR-activated photoswitches characterized by distinct photochromic reaction mechanisms. We hope to inspire further endeavors in this field, allowing the full potential of these tools in biotechnology and materials chemistry applications to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Michael O'Hagan
- Institute of Chemistry, The Minerva Center for Bio-hybrid Complex Systems, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Jinghong Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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23
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Liang R, Bakhtiiari A. Multiscale simulation unravels the light-regulated reversible inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase by phototrexate. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:245102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0096349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches are widely used in photopharmacology, where the biomolecular functions are photo-controlled reversibly with high spatiotemporal precision. Despite the success of this field, it remains elusive how the protein environment modulates the photochemical properties of photoswitches. Understanding this fundamental question is critical for designing more effective light-regulated drugs with mitigated side effects. In our recent work, we employed first-principles non-adiabatic dynamics simulations to probe the effects of protein on the trans to cis photoisomerization of phototrexate (PTX), a photochromic analog of the anticancer therapeutic methotrexate that inhibits the target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Building upon this study, in this work, we employ multiscale simulations to unravel the full photocycle underlying the light-regulated reversible inhibition of DHFR by PTX, which remains elusive until now. First-principles non-adiabatic dynamics simulations reveal that the cis to trans photoisomerization quantum yield is hindered in the protein due to backward isomerization on the ground-state following non-adiabatic transition, which arises from the favorable binding of the cis isomer with the protein. However, free energy simulations indicate that cis to trans photoisomerization significantly decreases the binding affinity of the PTX. Thus, the cis to trans photoisomerization most likely precedes the ligand unbinding from the protein. We propose the most probable photocycle of the PTX-DHFR system. Our comprehensive simulations highlight the trade-offs among the binding affinity, photoisomerization quantum yield, and the thermal stability of the ligand's different isomeric forms. As such, our work reveals new design principles of light-regulated drugs in photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Amirhossein Bakhtiiari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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24
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Mazraeh D, Di Ventura B. Synthetic microbiology applications powered by light. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 68:102158. [PMID: 35660240 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biology is a field of research in which molecular parts (mostly nucleic acids and proteins) are de novo created or modified and then used either alone or in combination to achieve new functions that can help solve the problems of our modern society. In synthetic microbiology, microbes are employed rather than other organisms or cell-free systems. Optogenetics, a relatively recently established technology that relies on the use of genetically encoded photosensitive proteins to control biological processes with high spatiotemporal precision, offers the possibility to empower synthetic (micro)biology applications due to the many positive features that light has as an external trigger. In this review, we describe recent synthetic microbiology applications that made use of optogenetics after briefly introducing the molecular mechanism behind some of the most employed optogenetic tools. We highlight the power and versatility of this technique, which opens up new horizons for both research and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mazraeh
- Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, and Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Di Ventura
- Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, and Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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25
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Küllmer F, Gregor L, Arndt HD. Systematic modifications of substitution patterns for property tuning of photoswitchable asymmetric azobenzenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4204-4214. [PMID: 35543370 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00214k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Suitable designed photoswitches based on azobenzenes are essential structural features for photopharmacological compounds. Optimized azobenzenes are important for serving as building blocks in "azo extension" strategies, and for designing photodrugs with tailored properties. Herein we present the synthesis and characterization of a variety of asymmetric azobenzenes by addressing selected structural features of the diazene core, such as polarity, steric demand, and electronic properties. Systematic exploration led to photoswitches with a relaxation half-life of seconds, minutes, hours, or days. Furthermore, the influence of different substitution patterns on the photophysical properties was charted. For analysis of all switches, robust characterization as well as examination under near-to physiological conditions was established, in order to assist with photoswitch choice for specific biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Küllmer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Lucas Gregor
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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26
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Zhang Z, Wang W, O’Hagan M, Dai J, Zhang J, Tian H. Stepping Out of the Blue: From Visible to Near‐IR Triggered Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Dept. Chem Shanghai CHINA
| | - Wenhui Wang
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Dept. Chem CHINA
| | | | - Jinghong Dai
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Dept. Chem CHINA
| | - Junji Zhang
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Dept. Chem Shanghai CHINA
| | - He Tian
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Institute of Fine Chemicals Meilong Road 130 200237 Shanghai! CHINA
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27
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Liang R, Bakhtiiari A. Effects of Enzyme-Ligand Interactions on the Photoisomerization of a Light-Regulated Chemotherapeutic Drug. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2382-2393. [PMID: 35297246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches permit using light to control protein activity with high spatiotemporal resolutions, thereby alleviating the side effects of conventional chemotherapy. However, due to the challenges in probing ultrafast photoisomerization reactions in biological environments, it remains elusive how the protein influences the photochemistry of the photoswitches, which hampers the rational design of light-regulated therapeutics. To overcome this challenge, we employed first-principles nonadiabatic dynamics simulations to characterize the photodynamics of the phototrexate (PTX), a recently developed photoswitchable anticancer chemotherapeutic that reversibly inhibits its target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Our simulations show that the protein environment impedes the trans to cis photoisomerization of the PTX. The confinement in the ligand-binding cavity slows down the isomerization kinetics and quantum yield of the photoswitch by reshaping its conical intersection, increasing its excited-state free-energy barrier and quenching its local density fluctuations. Also, the protein environment results in a suboptimal binding mode of the photoproduct that needs to undergo large structural rearrangement to effectively inhibit the enzyme. Therefore, we predict that the PTX's trans → cis photoisomerization in solution precedes its binding with the protein, despite the favorable binding energy of the trans isomer. Our findings highlight the importance of the protein environment on the photochemical reactions of the molecular photoswitches. As such, our work represents an important step toward the rational design of light-regulated drugs in photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Amirhossein Bakhtiiari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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28
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Leistner AL, Pianowski Z. Smart photochromic materials triggered with visible light. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Leistner
- KIT: Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute of Organic Chemistry Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
| | - Zbigniew Pianowski
- Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Fakultat fur Chemie und Biowissenschaften Institute of Organic Chemistry Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
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29
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Soldatenko AS, Lazareva NF. 2,2′-Bis[(chloromethyl)diorganylsilyloxy]azobenzenes. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221120094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Jeong M, Park J, Seo Y, Lee KJ, Pramanik S, Ahn S, Kwon S. Hydrazone Photoswitches for Structural Modulation of Short Peptides. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103972. [PMID: 34962683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecules that undergo light-driven structural transformations constitute the core components in photoswitchable molecular systems and materials. Among various families of photoswitches, photochromic hydrazones have recently emerged as a novel class of photoswitches with superb properties, such as high photochemical conversion, spectral tunability, thermal stability, and fatigue resistance. Hydrazone photoswitches have been adopted in various adaptive materials at different length scales, however, their utilization for modulating biomolecules still has not been explored. Herein we present new hydrazone switches that can photomodulate the structures of short peptides. Systematic investigation on a set of hydrazone derivatives revealed that installation of the amide group does not significantly alter the photoswitching behaviors. Importantly, a hydrazone switch comprising an upper phenyl ring and a lower quinolinyl ring was effective for structural control of peptides. We anticipate that this work, as a new milestone in the research of hydrazone switches, will open a new avenue for structural and functional control of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Jeong
- Chung-Ang University - Seoul Campus: Chung-Ang University, Department of Chemistry, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Chung-Ang University - Seoul Campus: Chung-Ang University, Department of Chemistry, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Yejin Seo
- Chung-Ang University - Seoul Campus: Chung-Ang University, Department of Chemistry, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Kwon Jung Lee
- Chung-Ang University - Seoul Campus: Chung-Ang University, Department of Chemistry, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Sangdoo Ahn
- Chung-Ang University - Seoul Campus: Chung-Ang University, Department of Chemistry, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sunbum Kwon
- Chung-Ang University, Chemistry, 84 Heukseok-ro, Bldg106 Rm401-2, 06974, Seoul, KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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Peverini L, Dunning K, Peralta FA, Grutter T. Photo-isomerizable tweezers to probe ionotropic receptor mechanisms. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 62:109-116. [PMID: 34965483 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-gated ion channels (LGIC, also referred to as ionotropic receptors) are important transmembrane proteins that open to allow ions to flow across the membrane and locally modify the membrane potential in response to the binding of a ligand. For more than a decade, a tremendous effort has been carried out in the determination of many LGIC structures in high resolution, leading to an unprecedented molecular description of channel gating. However, it is sometimes difficult to classify experimentally derived structures to their corresponding functional states, and alternative methods may help resolve or refine this issue. In this review, we focus on the application of photo-isomerizable tweezers (PIT) as a powerful strategy to interrogate molecular mechanisms of LGIC while assessing their functionality by electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Peverini
- Unité Récepteurs-Canaux, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3571, CNRS, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Kate Dunning
- CNM Team, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, CAMB UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Francisco Andres Peralta
- CNM Team, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, CAMB UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401, Illkirch, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies (USIAS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Grutter
- CNM Team, Université de Strasbourg, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, CAMB UMR 7199, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401, Illkirch, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Studies (USIAS), 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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E/ Z Molecular Photoswitches Activated by Two-Photon Absorption: Comparison between Different Families. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237379. [PMID: 34885961 PMCID: PMC8659108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optical techniques as two-photon absorption (TPA) have raised relevant interest within the last years due to the capability to excite chromophores with photons of wavelength equal to only half of the corresponding one-photon absorption energy. At the same time, its probability being proportional to the square of the light source intensity, it allows a better spatial control of the light-induced phenomenon. Although a consistent number of experimental studies focus on increasing the TPA cross section, very few of them are devoted to the study of photochemical phenomena induced by TPA. Here, we show a design strategy to find suitable E/Z photoswitches that can be activated by TPA. A theoretical approach is followed to predict the TPA cross sections related to different excited states of various photoswitches’ families, finally concluding that protonated Schiff-bases (retinal)-like photoswitches outperform compared to the others. The donor-acceptor substitution effect is therefore rationalized for the successful TPA activatable photoswitch, in order to maximize its properties, finally also forecasting a possible application in optogenetics. Some experimental measurements are also carried out to support our conclusions.
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33
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Maruyama K, Ishiyama T, Seki Y, Sakai K, Togo T, Oisaki K, Kanai M. Protein Modification at Tyrosine with Iminoxyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19844-19855. [PMID: 34787412 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins are a biological mechanism for reversibly controlling protein function. Synthetic protein modifications (SPMs) at specific canonical amino acids can mimic PTMs. However, reversible SPMs at hydrophobic amino acid residues in proteins are especially limited. Here, we report a tyrosine (Tyr)-selective SPM utilizing persistent iminoxyl radicals, which are readily generated from sterically hindered oximes via single-electron oxidation. The reactivity of iminoxyl radicals with Tyr was dependent on the steric and electronic demands of oximes; isopropyl methyl piperidinium oxime 1f formed stable adducts, whereas the reaction of tert-butyl methyl piperidinium oxime 1o was reversible. The difference in reversibility between 1f and 1o, differentiated only by one methyl group, is due to the stability of iminoxyl radicals, which is partly dictated by the bond dissociation energy of oxime O-H groups. The Tyr-selective modifications with 1f and 1o proceeded under physiologically relevant, mild conditions. Specifically, the stable Tyr-modification with 1f introduced functional small molecules, including an azobenzene photoswitch, to proteins. Moreover, masking critical Tyr residues by SPM with 1o, and subsequent deconjugation triggered by the treatment with a thiol, enabled on-demand control of protein functions. We applied this reversible Tyr modification with 1o to alter an enzymatic activity and the binding affinity of a monoclonal antibody with an antigen upon modification/deconjugation. The on-demand ON/OFF switch of protein functions through Tyr-selective and reversible covalent-bond formation will provide unique opportunities in biological research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohei Seki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takaya Togo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kounosuke Oisaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Abstract
Azobenzenes are archetypal molecules that have a central role in fundamental and applied research. Over the course of almost two centuries, the area of azobenzenes has witnessed great achievements; azobenzenes have evolved from simple dyes to 'little engines' and have become ubiquitous in many aspects of our lives, ranging from textiles, cosmetics, food and medicine to energy and photonics. Despite their long history, azobenzenes continue to arouse academic interest, while being intensively produced for industrial purposes, owing to their rich chemistry, versatile and straightforward design, robust photoswitching process and biodegradability. The development of azobenzenes has stimulated the production of new coloured and light-responsive materials with various applications, and their use continues to expand towards new high-tech applications. In this Review, we highlight the latest achievements in the synthesis of red-light-responsive azobenzenes and the emerging application areas of photopharmacology, photoswitchable adhesives and biodegradable materials for drug delivery. We show how the synthetic versatility and adaptive properties of azobenzenes continue to inspire new research directions, with limits imposed only by one's imagination.
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Volarić J, Szymanski W, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Molecular photoswitches in aqueous environments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12377-12449. [PMID: 34590636 PMCID: PMC8591629 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches enable dynamic control of processes with high spatiotemporal precision, using light as external stimulus, and hence are ideal tools for different research areas spanning from chemical biology to smart materials. Photoswitches are typically organic molecules that feature extended aromatic systems to make them responsive to (visible) light. However, this renders them inherently lipophilic, while water-solubility is of crucial importance to apply photoswitchable organic molecules in biological systems, like in the rapidly emerging field of photopharmacology. Several strategies for solubilizing organic molecules in water are known, but there are not yet clear rules for applying them to photoswitchable molecules. Importantly, rendering photoswitches water-soluble has a serious impact on both their photophysical and biological properties, which must be taken into consideration when designing new systems. Altogether, these aspects pose considerable challenges for successfully applying molecular photoswitches in aqueous systems, and in particular in biologically relevant media. In this review, we focus on fully water-soluble photoswitches, such as those used in biological environments, in both in vitro and in vivo studies. We discuss the design principles and prospects for water-soluble photoswitches to inspire and enable their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volarić
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Redox reactions that take place in enzymes and on the surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts often require active sites that contain multiple metals. By contrast, there are very few homogeneous catalysts with multinuclear active sites, and the field of organometallic chemistry continues to be dominated by the study of single metal systems. Multinuclear catalysts have the potential to display unique properties owing to their ability to cooperatively engage substrates. Furthermore, direct metal-to-metal covalent bonding can give rise to new electronic configurations that dramatically impact substrate binding and reactivity. In order to effectively capitalize on these features, it is necessary to consider strategies to avoid the dissociation of fragile metal-metal bonds in the course of a catalytic cycle. This Account describes one approach to accomplishing this goal using binucleating redox-active ligands.In 2006, Chirik showed that pyridine-diimines (PDI) have sufficiently low-lying π* levels that they can be redox-noninnocent in low-valent iron complexes. Extending this concept, we investigated a series of dinickel complexes supported by naphthyridine-diimine (NDI) ligands. These complexes can promote a broad range of two-electron redox processes in which the NDI ligand manages electron equivalents while the metals remain in a Ni(I)-Ni(I) state.Using (NDI)Ni2 catalysts, we have uncovered cases where having two metals in the active site addresses a problem in catalysis that had not been adequately solved using single-metal systems. For example, mononickel complexes are capable of stoichiometrically dimerizing aryl azides to form azoarenes but do not turn over due to strong product inhibition. By contrast, dinickel complexes are effective catalysts for this reaction and avoid this thermodynamic sink by binding to azoarenes in their higher-energy cis form.Dinickel complexes can also activate strong bonds through the cooperative action of both metals. Norbornadiene has a ring-strain energy that is similar to that of cyclopropane but is not prone to undergoing C-C oxidative addition with monometallic complexes. Using an (NDI)Ni2 complex, norbornadiene undergoes rapid ring opening by the oxidative addition of the vinyl and bridgehead carbons. An inspection of the resulting metallacycle reveals that it is stabilized through a network of secondary Ni-π interactions. This reactivity enabled the development of a catalytic carbonylative rearrangement to form fused bicyclic dienones.These vignettes and others described in this Account highlight some of the implications of metal-metal bonding in promoting a challenging step in a catalytic cycle or adjusting the thermodynamic landscape of key intermediates. Given that our studies have focused nearly exclusively on the (NDI)Ni2 system, we anticipate that many more such cases are left to be discovered as other transition-metal combinations and ligand classes are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Conner M. Farley
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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37
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Development and Characterization of Light-Responsive Peptide Macrocycles. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34596861 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1689-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Small molecules, peptide macrocycles, and protein conjugates that reversibly turn their function on and off in response to visible light enabled the fields of photopharmacology and optochemical genetics. In this chapter, we describe a method for the synthesis of light-responsive (LR) macrocycles from linear peptides composed of 20 natural amino acids. Bioactive LR molecules can be produced by grafting azobenzene or other LR-structures onto molecules with known biological functions (e.g., alpha-helical peptides). The resulting macrocyclic peptide contains two loops of amino acids, which is constrained with an azobenzene moiety that can change the conformation in response to visible light.
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38
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Lechner VM, Nappi M, Deneny PJ, Folliet S, Chu JCK, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Modification and Manipulation of Biomacromolecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1752-1829. [PMID: 34546740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified biomacromolecules-i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids-have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to elucidate cellular processes but also in industrial applications, particularly in the context of biopharmaceuticals. In order to enable maximum scope for optimization, it is pivotal to have a diverse array of biomacromolecule modification methods at one's disposal. Chemistry has driven many significant advances in this area, and especially recently, numerous novel visible-light-induced photochemical approaches have emerged. In these reactions, light serves as an external source of energy, enabling access to highly reactive intermediates under exceedingly mild conditions and with exquisite spatiotemporal control. While UV-induced transformations on biomacromolecules date back decades, visible light has the unmistakable advantage of being considerably more biocompatible, and a spectrum of visible-light-driven methods is now available, chiefly for proteins and nucleic acids. This review will discuss modifications of native functional groups (FGs), including functionalization, labeling, and cross-linking techniques as well as the utility of oxidative degradation mediated by photochemically generated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, transformations at non-native, bioorthogonal FGs on biomacromolecules will be addressed, including photoclick chemistry and DNA-encoded library synthesis as well as methods that allow manipulation of the activity of a biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Lechner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Nappi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Deneny
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Folliet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John C K Chu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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39
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Mangubat-Medina AE, Ball ZT. Triggering biological processes: methods and applications of photocaged peptides and proteins. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10403-10421. [PMID: 34320043 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01434f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There has been a significant push in recent years to deploy fundamental knowledge and methods of photochemistry toward biological ends. Photoreactive groups have enabled chemists to activate biological function using the concept of photocaging. By granting spatiotemporal control over protein activation, these photocaging methods are fundamental in understanding biological processes. Peptides and proteins are an important group of photocaging targets that present conceptual and technical challenges, requiring precise chemoselectivity in complex polyfunctional environments. This review focuses on recent advances in photocaging techniques and methodologies, as well as their use in living systems. Photocaging methods include genetic and chemical approaches that require a deep understanding of structure-function relationships based on subtle changes in primary structure. Successful implementation of these ideas can shed light on important spatiotemporal aspects of living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary T Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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40
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Scherbakov AM, Balakhonov RY, Salnikova DI, Sorokin DV, Yadykov AV, Markosyan AI, Shirinian VZ. Light-driven photoswitching of quinazoline analogues of combretastatin A-4 as an effective approach for targeting skin cancer cells. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7670-7677. [PMID: 34524348 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel quinazoline series of photoswitchable combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) analogues were synthesized and their photochemical properties and antiproliferative activity against A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells were studied. It was found that quinazoline analogues, in contrast to the majority of the known CA-4, exhibit high antiproliferative activity in the E-form as well. Photoswitching of the E-form to the Z-form resulted in a multiple (9-fold) increase in antiproliferative activity. 1H NMR monitoring showed that these compounds are very resistant to UV (λ = 365 nm) or sunlight irradiation and do not undergo photodegradation with a loss of antiproliferative activity that is inherent in heterocyclic analogues of CA-4. Similar photoswitching and an increase in antiproliferative activity are observed on exposure to sunlight. A selected compound (1a-Z51) in sub-micromolar concentrations induced apoptosis in A431 cells, while rad50/ATM/p53 were not involved in cell death. The growth of A431 cells was significantly inhibited after combination treatment with compound 1a-Z51 and chemotherapy drugs (cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil). In summary, the quinazoline analogues of CA-4 represent a promising strategy to achieve a photoswitchable potency for the treatment of cancers, including the development of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - R Yu Balakhonov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - D I Salnikova
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D V Sorokin
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - A V Yadykov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - A I Markosyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - V Z Shirinian
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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41
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Dhiman A, Ramachandran CN. Cis–trans isomerisation and absorption properties of the ring-extended azobenzene. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1966113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angat Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - C. N. Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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42
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Novelli F, Vilela M, Pazó A, Amorín M, Granja JR. Molecular Plumbing to Bend Self‐Assembling Peptide Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Novelli
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry Department Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Marcos Vilela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry Department Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Antía Pazó
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry Department Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Manuel Amorín
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry Department Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Juan R. Granja
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry Department Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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43
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Novelli F, Vilela M, Pazó A, Amorín M, Granja JR. Molecular Plumbing to Bend Self-Assembling Peptide Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18838-18844. [PMID: 34185371 PMCID: PMC8456905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Light-induced molecular piping of cyclic peptide nanotubes to form bent tubular structures is described. The process is based on the [4+4] photocycloaddition of anthracene moieties, whose structural changes derived from the interdigitated flat disposition of precursors to the corresponding cycloadduct moieties, induced the geometrical modifications in nanotubes packing that provokes their curvature. For this purpose, we designed a new class of cyclic peptide nanotubes formed by β- and α-amino acids. The presence of the former predisposes the peptide to stack in a parallel fashion with the β-residues aligned along the nanotube and the homogeneous distribution of anthracene pendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Novelli
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry DepartmentUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Marcos Vilela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry DepartmentUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Antía Pazó
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry DepartmentUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Manuel Amorín
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry DepartmentUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Juan R. Granja
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Organic Chemistry DepartmentUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
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44
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Sun T, Fan R, Zhang J, Qin M, Chen W, Jiang X, Zhu K, Ji C, Hao S, Yang Y. Stimuli-Responsive Metal-Organic Framework on a Metal-Organic Framework Heterostructure for Efficient Antibiotic Detection and Anticounterfeiting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35689-35699. [PMID: 34289693 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsiveness is an important characteristic that show promising potential in various applications. Herein, a novel ZIF-8-on-Tb-dpn (H3dpn = 5-(2',4'-dicarboxylphenyl)nicotic acid) heterostructure is constructed using a heteroepitaxial strategy combining the chemical-responsive (antibiotics) and light-responsive behaviors. The pyridine nitrogen of Tb-dpn acts as an anchor site for Zn2+, which helps to overcome the limit of lattice mismatch between two metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and promotes the growth of ZIF-8 nanocrystals. Based on the synergy effect of two MOFs, ZIF-8-on-Tb-dpn exhibits an efficient turn-off response toward tetracycline and chloramphenicol via competitive absorption, Förster resonance energy transfer, and photoinduced electron transfer processes with limit of detection values of 5.6 and 37.6 nM, respectively, which are three- to -fivefold lower than those of Tb-dpn. Moreover, the nanocage of ZIF-8 is utilized to encapsulate photochromic spiropyran (SP) molecules and realize the reversible conversion between SP and merocyanine (MC) under visible light and ultraviolet light. The MC form is accompanied with strong adsorption at 555 nm, which can erase the emission of Tb3+. Therefore, a reversible invisible anticounterfeiting pattern is designed with SP ⊂ ZIF-8-on-Tb-dpn for information anticounterfeiting. The excellent stimuli-responsive ability makes the luminescent platform a potential candidate in luminescence applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Sun
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqing Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Qin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Chengshan Ji
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Sue Hao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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45
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Saint-Louis CJ, Warner DJ, Keane KS, Kelley MD, Meyers CM, Blackstock SC. Photo-Electroswitchable Arylaminoazobenzenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11341-11353. [PMID: 34343429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzenes appended with a redox-active arylamino group (redox auxiliary, RA) are prepared and shown to undergo fast, complete, and catalytic Z→E azo isomerization upon electron loss from the RA unit of the azobenzene. The RA-azo structures can be reversibly (E→Z→E)n cycled by sequential photo- and electrostimulation. Due to the robust nature of the RA•+-azo radical cation chain carrying species, initiation of electron transfer (ET) catalysis occurs at low levels (1.0-0.04 mol %) of catalytic loading and is effective even at Z-RA-azo concentrations of 10-4-10-5 M, yielding TONs (turnover numbers) of 100-2300 under such dilute conditions. The RA-azo Z→E conversion is demonstrated using chemical oxidation (redox switching), electrochemical oxidation (electro switching), and photochemical oxidation (photoredox switching). The Z→E acceleration is shown to be at least 2 × 109-fold for RA-azo 5. DFT calculations on methyl yellow suggest that a N-centered radical cation of the RA group stabilizes the Z→E N-N twist transition state of the RA•+-azo, yielding a large reduction in the barrier for RA•+-azo compared to neutral RA-azo. The RA-azo structure class has nanomechanical features that can be toggled with photo- and electrostimulation, the latter offering a quick switch for complete Z→E conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Jacky Saint-Louis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - David J Warner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Katie S Keane
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Melody D Kelley
- Department of Physical Science, Perimeter College at Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Connor M Meyers
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Silas C Blackstock
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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Strizhak AV, Babii O, Afonin S, Bakanovich I, Pantelejevs T, Xu W, Fowler E, Eapen R, Sharma K, Platonov MO, Hurmach VV, Itzhaki L, Hyvönen M, Ulrich AS, Spring DR, Komarov IV. Diarylethene moiety as an enthalpy-entropy switch: photoisomerizable stapled peptides for modulating p53/MDM2 interaction. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:5359-5369. [PMID: 32390036 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Analogs of the known inhibitor (peptide pDI) of the p53/MDM2 protein-protein interaction are reported, which are stapled by linkers bearing a photoisomerizable diarylethene moiety. The corresponding photoisomers possess significantly different affinities to the p53-interacting domain of the human MDM2. Apparent dissociation constants are in the picomolar-to-low nanomolar range for those isomers with diarylethene in the "open" configuration, but up to eight times larger for the corresponding "closed" isomers. Spectroscopic, structural, and computational studies showed that the stapling linkers of the peptides contribute to their binding. Calorimetry revealed that the binding of the "closed" isomers is mostly enthalpy-driven, whereas the "open" photoforms bind to the protein stronger due to their increased binding entropy. The results suggest that conformational dynamics of the protein-peptide complexes may explain the differences in the thermodynamic profiles of the binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Strizhak
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK. and Enamine Ltd, Vul. Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Babii
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Iuliia Bakanovich
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK. and Enamine Ltd, Vul. Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Teodors Pantelejevs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, UK
| | - Wenshu Xu
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK.
| | - Elaine Fowler
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK.
| | - Rohan Eapen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1PD Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishna Sharma
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Vasyl V Hurmach
- Enamine Ltd, Vul. Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Laura Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1PD Cambridge, UK
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, CB2 1GA Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), POB 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. and Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - David R Spring
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK.
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine and Lumobiotics GmbH, Auer Str. 2, 76227, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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He Y, Shangguan Z, Zhang Z, Xie M, Yu C, Li T. Azobispyrazole Family as Photoswitches Combining (Near‐) Quantitative Bidirectional Isomerization and Widely Tunable Thermal Half‐Lives from Hours to Years**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Zhao‐Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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48
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Teders M, Murray NR, Huck WTS. Reversible Photoswitchable Inhibitors Enable Wavelength‐Selective Regulation of Out‐of‐Equilibrium Bi‐enzymatic Systems. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Teders
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas R. Murray
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud University Nijmegen Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Heiss TK, Dorn RS, Prescher JA. Bioorthogonal Reactions of Triarylphosphines and Related Analogues. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6802-6849. [PMID: 34101453 PMCID: PMC10064493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal phosphines were introduced in the context of the Staudinger ligation over 20 years ago. Since that time, phosphine probes have been used in myriad applications to tag azide-functionalized biomolecules. The Staudinger ligation also paved the way for the development of other phosphorus-based chemistries, many of which are widely employed in biological experiments. Several reviews have highlighted early achievements in the design and application of bioorthogonal phosphines. This review summarizes more recent advances in the field. We discuss innovations in classic Staudinger-like transformations that have enabled new biological pursuits. We also highlight relative newcomers to the bioorthogonal stage, including the cyclopropenone-phosphine ligation and the phospha-Michael reaction. The review concludes with chemoselective reactions involving phosphite and phosphonite ligations. For each transformation, we describe the overall mechanism and scope. We also showcase efforts to fine-tune the reagents for specific functions. We further describe recent applications of the chemistries in biological settings. Collectively, these examples underscore the versatility and breadth of bioorthogonal phosphine reagents.
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50
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He Y, Shangguan Z, Zhang ZY, Xie M, Yu C, Li T. Azobispyrazole Family as Photoswitches Combining (Near-) Quantitative Bidirectional Isomerization and Widely Tunable Thermal Half-Lives from Hours to Years*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16539-16546. [PMID: 33852166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzenes are classical molecular photoswitches that have been widely used. In recent endeavors of molecular design, replacing one or both phenyl rings with heteroaromatic rings has emerged as a strategy to expand molecular diversity and access improved photoswitching properties. Many mono-heteroaryl azo molecules with unique structures and/or properties have been developed, but the potential of bis-heteroaryl architectures is far from fully exploited. We report a family of azobispyrazoles, which combine (near-)quantitative bidirectional photoconversion and widely tunable Z-isomer thermal half-lives from hours to years. The two five-membered rings remarkably weaken the intramolecular steric hindrance, providing new possibilities for engineering the geometric and electronic structure of azo photoswitches. Azobispyrazoles generally exhibit twisted Z-isomers that facilitate complete Z→E photoisomerization, and their thermal stability can be broadly adjusted regardless of the twisted shape, overcoming the conflict between photoconversion (favored by the twisted shape) and Z-isomer stability (favored by the orthogonal shape) encountered by mono-heteroaryl azo switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingchen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunyang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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