1
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Glotz G, Püschmann S, Haas M, Gescheidt G. Direct detection of photo-induced reactions by IR: from Brook rearrangement to photo-catalysis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00406-4. [PMID: 36933157 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
In situ IR detection of photoreactions induced by the light of LEDs at appropriate wavelengths provides a simple, cost-effective, and versatile method to get insight into mechanistic details. In particular, conversions of functional groups can be selectively followed. Overlapping UV-Vis bands or fluorescence from the reactants and products and the incident light do not obstruct IR detection. Compared with in situ photo-NMR, our setup does not require tedious sample preparation (optical fibers) and offers a selective detection of reactions, even at positions where 1H-NMR lines overlap or 1H resonances are not clear-cut. We illustrate the applicability of our setup following the photo-Brook rearrangement of (adamant-1-yl-carbonyl)-tris(trimethylsilyl)silane, address photo-induced α-bond cleavage (1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone), study photoreduction using tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II), investigate photo-oxygenation of double bonds with molecular oxygen and the fluorescent 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium photocatalyst, and address photo-polymerization. With the LED/FT-IR combination, reactions can be qualitatively followed in fluid solution, (highly) viscous environments, and in the solid state. Viscosity changes during the reaction (e.g., during a polymerization) do not obstruct the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Glotz
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Sabrina Püschmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
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2
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Chu X, Qian W, Lu B, Wang L, Qin J, Li J, Rauhut G, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS, Zeng X. The Triplet Hydroxyl Radical Complex of Phosphorus Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Chu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Weiyu Qian
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Bo Lu
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6243 USA
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6243 USA
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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3
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Chu X, Qian W, Lu B, Wang L, Qin J, Li J, Rauhut G, Trabelsi T, Francisco JS, Zeng X. The Triplet Hydroxyl Radical Complex of Phosphorus Monoxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21949-21953. [PMID: 33073924 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus monoxide (. PO) is a key intermediate in phosphorus chemistry, and its association with the hydroxyl radical (. OH) to yield metaphosphorous acid (cis-HOPO) contributes to the chemiluminescence in the combustion of phosphines. When photolyzing cis-HOPO in an Ar-matrix at 2.8 K, the simplest dioxophosphorane HPO2 and an elusive hydroxyl radical complex (HRC) of . PO form. This prototypical radical-radical complex reforms into cis-HOPO at above 12.0 K by overcoming a barrier of 0.28±0.02 kcal mol-1 . The vibrational spectra of this HRC and its D- and 18 O-isotopologues suggest a structure of . OH⋅⋅⋅OP. , for which a triplet spin multiplicity with a binding energy of -3.20 kcal mol-1 has been computed at the UCCSD(T)-F12a/aug-cc-pVTZ level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Chu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Weiyu Qian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bo Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6243, USA
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environment Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6243, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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4
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Qian W, Chu X, Song C, Wu Z, Jiao M, Liu H, Zou B, Rauhut G, Tew DP, Wang L, Zeng X. Hydrogen-Atom Tunneling in Metaphosphorous Acid. Chemistry 2020; 26:8205-8209. [PMID: 32302021 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metaphosphorous acid (HOPO), a key intermediate in phosphorus chemistry, has been generated in syn- and anti-conformations in the gas phase by high-vacuum flash pyrolysis (HVFP) of a molecular precursor ethoxyphosphinidene oxide (EtOPO→C2 H4 +HOPO) at ca. 1000 K and subsequently trapped in an N2 -matrix at 2.8 K. Unlike the two conformers of the nitrogen analogue HONO, the anti-conformer of HOPO undergoes spontaneous rotamerization at 2.8 K via hydrogen-atom tunneling (HAT) with noticeable kinetic isotope effects for H/D (>104 for DOPO) and 16 O/18 O (1.19 for H18 OPO and 1.06 for HOP18 O) in N2 -matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Qian
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Xianxu Chu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Guntram Rauhut
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - David P Tew
- Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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5
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Schmallegger M, Eibel A, Menzel JP, Kelterer AM, Zalibera M, Barner-Kowollik C, Grützmacher H, Gescheidt G. Unprecedented Bifunctional Chemistry of Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxides in Aqueous and Alcoholic Media. Chemistry 2019; 25:8982-8986. [PMID: 31070829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Tailor-made photoinitiators play an important role for efficient radical polymerisations in aqueous media, especially in hydrogel manufacturing. Bis(acyl)phosphane oxides (BAPOs) are among the most active initiators. Herein, we show that they display a remarkable photochemistry in aqueous and alcoholic media: Photolysis of BAPOs in the presence of water or alcohols provides a new delocalized π-radical, which does not participate in the polymerization. It either converts into a monoacylphosphane oxide acting as a secondary photoactive species or it works as a one-electron reducing agent. Upon the electron-transfer process, it again produces a dormant photoinitiator. We have established the structure and the chemistry of this π radical using steady-state and time-resolved (CIDEP) EPR together with ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. Our results show that bis(acyl)phosphane oxides act as bifunctional reagents when applied in aqueous and alcoholic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Schmallegger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan P Menzel
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI, Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
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6
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Beil A, Steudel FA, Bräuchle C, Grützmacher H, Möckl L. Bisacylphosphane oxides as photo-latent cytotoxic agents and potential photo-latent anticancer drugs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6003. [PMID: 30979960 PMCID: PMC6461680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisacylphosphane oxides (BAPOs) are established as photoinitiators for industrial applications. Light irradiation leads to their photolysis, producing radicals. Radical species induce oxidative stress in cells and may cause cell death. Hence, BAPOs may be suitable as photolatent cytotoxic agents, but such applications have not been investigated yet. Herein, we describe for the first time a potential use of BAPOs as drugs for photolatent therapy. We show that treatment of the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 and of breast epithelial cells MCF-10A with BAPOs and UV irradiation induces apoptosis. Cells just subjected to BAPOs or UV irradiation alone are not affected. The induction of apoptosis depend on the BAPO and the irradiation dose. We proved that radicals are the active species since cells are rescued by an antioxidant. Finally, an optimized BAPO-derivative was designed which enters the cells more efficiently and thus leads to stronger effects at lower doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Beil
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,ABB Switzerland Ltd., Corporate Research Segelhofstrasse 1K, 5405 Baden-Dättwil, Switzerland
| | - Friederike A Steudel
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Bräuchle
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 11, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonhard Möckl
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 11, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
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7
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Beil A, Müller G, Käser D, Hattendorf B, Li Z, Krumeich F, Rosenthal A, Rana VK, Schönberg H, Benkő Z, Grützmacher H. Bismesitoylphosphinic Acid (BAPO-OH): A Ligand for Copper Complexes and Four-Electron Photoreductant for the Preparation of Copper Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7697-7702. [PMID: 29768706 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bismesitoylphosphinic acid, (HO)PO(COMes)2 (BAPO-OH), is an efficient photoinitiator for free-radical polymerizations of olefins in aqueous phase. Described here are the structures of various copper(II) and copper(I) complexes with BAPO-OH as the ligand. The complex CuII (BAPO-O)2 (H2 O)2 is photoactive, and under irradiation with UV light in aqueous phase, it serves as a source of metallic copper in high purity and yield (>80 %). Simultaneously, the radical polymerization of acrylates can be initiated and allows the preparation of nanoparticle/polymer nanocomposites in which the metallic Cu nanoparticles are protected against oxidation. The determination of the stoichiometry of the photoreductions suggests an almost quantitative conversion from CuII into Cu0 with half an equivalent of BAPO-OH, which serves as a four-electron photoreductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Beil
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georgina Müller
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Debora Käser
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bodo Hattendorf
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Amos Rosenthal
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vijay Kumar Rana
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Schönberg
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Beil A, Müller G, Käser D, Hattendorf B, Li Z, Krumeich F, Rosenthal A, Rana VK, Schönberg H, Benkő Z, Grützmacher H. Bismesitoylphosphinic Acid (BAPO-OH): A Ligand for Copper Complexes and Four-Electron Photoreductant for the Preparation of Copper Nanomaterials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Beil
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Georgina Müller
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Debora Käser
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Bodo Hattendorf
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Zhongshu Li
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou China
| | | | - Amos Rosenthal
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Vijay Kumar Rana
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Schönberg
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; 8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics; 1111 Budapest Hungary
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9
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Jöckle P, Radebner J, Haas M, Lamparth I, Stueger H, Moszner N, Unterreiner AN, Barner-Kowollik C. A Priori Prediction of Mass Spectrometric Product Patterns of Photoinitiated Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:132-136. [PMID: 35610907 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a method for the a priori prediction of mass spectra of complex poly(methyl methacrylate)s initiated by photoinitiators featuring multiple cleavage points. The method is based on permutation mathematics using multinomial coefficients to predict the probability of each poly(methyl methacrylate) species' isotopic pattern contribution to the overall mass spectrum. The method assumes a statistical behavior for the cleavage of the photoinitiator. The excellent agreement of the predicted mass spectrum based on multinomial coefficients with the experimental mass spectrum confirms a multipoint cleavage mechanism of the assessed photoinitiators. We exemplify our method for the prediction of mass spectra of poly(methyl methacrylate)s initiated by four tetraacylgermane derivates and one bisacylgermane, recorded after visible light pulsed-laser polymerization by high resolution Orbitrap electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The excellent agreement of our approach with experimental data suggests that a wide array of polymer mass spectra of polymers initiated by initiators capable of multiple cleavage events can be quantitatively predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jöckle
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany) and Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Kalsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Molekulare Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Judith Radebner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Haas
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Iris Lamparth
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Harald Stueger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Norbert Moszner
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, 9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Molekulare Physikalische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany) and Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Kalsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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10
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Gupta V, Santra B, Mandal D, Das S, Narayanan RS, Kalita P, Rao DK, Schulzke C, Pati SK, Chandrasekhar V, Jana A. Neutral and anionic phosphate-diesters as molecular templates for the encapsulation of a water dimer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11913-11916. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutral and anionic phosphate diesters act as molecular templates for the encapsulation of water dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Gupta
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500107
- India
| | - Biswajit Santra
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500107
- India
| | - Debdeep Mandal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500107
- India
| | - Shubhajit Das
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bangalore-560064
- India
| | | | - Pankaj Kalita
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - D. Krishna Rao
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500107
- India
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4
- Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Swapan K. Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
- Bangalore-560064
- India
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500107
- India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500107
- India
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11
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Eibel A, Radebner J, Haas M, Fast DE, Freißmuth H, Stadler E, Faschauner P, Torvisco A, Lamparth I, Moszner N, Stueger H, Gescheidt G. From mono- to tetraacylgermanes: extending the scope of visible light photoinitiators. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01590a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a comparative study of the photoinitiating efficiency of selected acylgermanes, focusing on wavelength-dependent photobleaching, decomposition quantum yields and radical reactivity.
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12
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Lauer A, Fast DE, Steinkoenig J, Kelterer AM, Gescheidt G, Barner-Kowollik C. Wavelength-Dependent Photochemical Stability of Photoinitiator-Derived Macromolecular Chain Termini. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:952-958. [PMID: 35650897 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the unique-and first time-wavelength-dependent investigation with strictly monochromatic light of 305-405 nm wavelength into the stability of photoinitiator-derived chain termini of poly(methyl methacrylate) using a tunable laser system fused with pulsed-laser irradiation and size exclusion chromatography hyphenated to high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (PLI-SEC-ESI-MS). We assess several substitution patterns of methyl groups on the common benzoyl-type radical fragment. Critically, methyl substitution in the 2- and 6-positions of the benzoyl moiety, i.e., in both ortho-positions, resulted in stable chain ends up to approximately 350 nm. The stability can be attributed to a blue-shift of the n-π* transitions (relevant for the end group reactivity) as predicted by earlier density functional theory (DFT) calculations on model species. In sharp contrast, our experiments show a far reduced stability of the end groups commencing from 400 nm onwards, when the dual ortho-methyl substitution in the benzoyl fragment is missing. Thus, we demonstrate that the substitution pattern on the phenyl ring of the benzoyl group dictates the chain end stability as a function of wavelength in excellent agreement with the quantum chemical predictions. Our study thus provides critical insights into selecting suitable photoinitiation systems for specific wavelength regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lauer
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - David E. Fast
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Steinkoenig
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Macromolecular
Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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13
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Eibel A, Schmallegger M, Zalibera M, Huber A, Bürkl Y, Grützmacher H, Gescheidt G. Extending the Scope of Bis(acyl)phosphane Oxides: Additional Derivatives. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Max Schmallegger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/I 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics; Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava; Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology; Radlinského 9 81237 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Alex Huber
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Bürkl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/I 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/I 8010 Graz Austria
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14
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Fast DE, Lauer A, Menzel JP, Kelterer AM, Gescheidt G, Barner-Kowollik C. Wavelength-Dependent Photochemistry of Oxime Ester Photoinitiators. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Fast
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Lauer
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jan P. Menzel
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Kelterer
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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15
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Darvasiová D, Barberiková Z, Eibel A, Schmallegger M, Gescheidt G, Zalibera M, Neshchadin D. Probing the first steps of photoinduced free radical polymerization at water–oil interfaces. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01414g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oil-soluble photoinitiators can initiate free radical polymerization in the aqueous phase of microemulsions with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Darvasiová
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics
- Slovak University of Technology
- 812 37 Bratislava 1
- Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Barberiková
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics
- Slovak University of Technology
- 812 37 Bratislava 1
- Slovakia
| | - Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Max Schmallegger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics
- Slovak University of Technology
- 812 37 Bratislava 1
- Slovakia
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
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16
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Steinkoenig J, Rothfuss H, Lauer A, Tuten BT, Barner-Kowollik C. Imaging Single-Chain Nanoparticle Folding via High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:51-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Steinkoenig
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hannah Rothfuss
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrea Lauer
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Bryan T. Tuten
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- School
of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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