1
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Engsvang M, Wu H, Elm J. Iodine Clusters in the Atmosphere I: Computational Benchmark and Dimer Formation of Oxyacids and Oxides. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:31521-31532. [PMID: 39072118 PMCID: PMC11270685 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The contribution of iodine-containing compounds to atmospheric new particle formation is still not fully understood, but iodic acid and iodous acid are thought to be significant contributors. While several quantum chemical studies have been carried out on clusters containing iodine, there is no comprehensive benchmark study quantifying the accuracy of the applied methods. Here, we present the first study in a series that investigate the role of iodine species in atmospheric cluster formation. In this work, we have studied the iodic acid, iodous acid, iodine tetroxide, and iodine pentoxide monomers and their dimers formed with common atmospheric precursors. We have tested the accuracy of commonly applied methods for calculating the geometry of the monomers, thermal corrections of monomers and dimers, the contribution of spin-orbit coupling to monomers and dimers, and finally, the accuracy of the electronic energy correction calculated at different levels of theory. We find that optimizing the structures either at the ωB97X-D3BJ/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP or the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP level achieves the best thermal contribution to the binding free energy. The electronic energy correction can then be calculated at the ZORA-DLPNO-CCSD(T0) level with the SARC-ZORA-TZVPP basis for iodine and ma-ZORA-def2-TZVPP for non-iodine atoms. We applied this methodology to calculate the binding free energies of iodine-containing dimer clusters, where we confirm the qualitative trends observed in previous studies. However, we identify that previous studies overestimate the stability of the clusters by several kcal/mol due to the neglect of relativistic effects. This means that their contributions to the currently studied nucleation pathways of new particle formation are likely overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Engsvang
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Haide Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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2
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de Jonge RW, Xavier C, Olenius T, Elm J, Svenhag C, Hyttinen N, Nieradzik L, Sarnela N, Kristensson A, Petäjä T, Ehn M, Roldin P. Natural Marine Precursors Boost Continental New Particle Formation and Production of Cloud Condensation Nuclei. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10956-10968. [PMID: 38868859 PMCID: PMC11210206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Marine dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions are the dominant source of natural sulfur in the atmosphere. DMS oxidizes to produce low-volatility acids that potentially nucleate to form particles that may grow into climatically important cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). In this work, we utilize the chemistry transport model ADCHEM to demonstrate that DMS emissions are likely to contribute to the majority of CCN during the biological active period (May-August) at three different forest stations in the Nordic countries. DMS increases CCN concentrations by forming nucleation and Aitken mode particles over the ocean and land, which eventually grow into the accumulation mode by condensation of low-volatility organic compounds from continental vegetation. Our findings provide a new understanding of the exchange of marine precursors between the ocean and land, highlighting their influence as one of the dominant sources of CCN particles over the boreal forest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlton Xavier
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, Lund SE-22363, Sweden
- Swedish
Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Norrköping SE-60176, Sweden
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Swedish
Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Norrköping SE-60176, Sweden
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Carl Svenhag
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, Lund SE-22363, Sweden
| | - Noora Hyttinen
- Finnish
Meteorological Institute, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Lars Nieradzik
- Department
of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund SE-22362, Sweden
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Adam Kristensson
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, Lund SE-22363, Sweden
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing CN-210023, China
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, Lund SE-22363, Sweden
- Swedish
Environmental Research Institute IVL, Malmö SE-21119, Sweden
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3
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Daub CD, Kurtén T. Effect of an Electric Field on the Structure and Stability of Atmospheric Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:646-655. [PMID: 38217515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
We study the influence of an applied electric field on the structure and stability of some common bimolecular clusters that are found in the atmosphere. These clusters play an important role in new particle formation (NPF). For low values of the electric field (i.e., |E| ≤ 0.01 V Å-1), we demonstrate that the field response of the clusters can be predicted from simply calculating the dipole moment of the cluster and the dipole moments of the constituent molecules and that the influence on the association energy of the cluster is minimal (i.e., <0.5 kcal mol-1). For higher field strengths |E| > 0.2 V Å-1, there can be more dramatic effects on both structure and energetics, as the induced dipole, charge transfer, and geometric distortion play a larger role. Although such large fields are not very relevant in the atmosphere, they do exist in some situations of experimental interest, such as near interfaces and in intense laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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4
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Jensen F. Basis Set Superposition Errors Are Partly Basis Set Imbalances. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:767-774. [PMID: 38174405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
When calculating fragment interaction energies by electronic structure methods employing medium-sized atom-centered basis sets, it is often observed that the effect is systematically overestimated. The common interpretation is that the systematic error arises because the basis set for the complex is more complete than for the isolated fragments, and this is denoted basis set superposition errors. It has been observed, however, that the interaction energy in some cases is underestimated, which defies the interpretation in terms of basis set completeness, and instead suggests that the effect partly is due to basis set imbalance. The imbalance can be removed by explicit optimization of the basis sets for each structure, and it is shown that this to a significant extent reduces the systematic overestimation attributed to basis set superposition error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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5
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Kubečka J, Besel V, Neefjes I, Knattrup Y, Kurtén T, Vehkamäki H, Elm J. Computational Tools for Handling Molecular Clusters: Configurational Sampling, Storage, Analysis, and Machine Learning. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:45115-45128. [PMID: 38046354 PMCID: PMC10688175 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Computational modeling of atmospheric molecular clusters requires a comprehensive understanding of their complex configurational spaces, interaction patterns, stabilities against fragmentation, and even dynamic behaviors. To address these needs, we introduce the Jammy Key framework, a collection of automated scripts that facilitate and streamline molecular cluster modeling workflows. Jammy Key handles file manipulations between varieties of integrated third-party programs. The framework is divided into three main functionalities: (1) Jammy Key for configurational sampling (JKCS) to perform systematic configurational sampling of molecular clusters, (2) Jammy Key for quantum chemistry (JKQC) to analyze commonly used quantum chemistry output files and facilitate database construction, handling, and analysis, and (3) Jammy Key for machine learning (JKML) to manage machine learning methods in optimizing molecular cluster modeling. This automation and machine learning utilization significantly reduces manual labor, greatly speeds up the search for molecular cluster configurations, and thus increases the number of systems that can be studied. Following the example of the Atmospheric Cluster Database (ACDB) of Elm (ACS Omega, 4, 10965-10984, 2019), the molecular clusters modeled in our group using the Jammy Key framework have been stored in an improved online GitHub repository named ACDB 2.0. In this work, we present the Jammy Key package alongside its assorted applications, which underline its versatility. Using several illustrative examples, we discuss how to choose appropriate combinations of methodologies for treating particular cluster types, including reactive, multicomponent, charged, or radical clusters, as well as clusters containing flexible or multiconformer monomers or heavy atoms. Finally, we present a detailed example of using the tools for atmospheric acid-base clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kubečka
- Aarhus
University, Department of Chemistry, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Vitus Besel
- University
of Helsinki, Institute for Atmospheric and
Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Ivo Neefjes
- University
of Helsinki, Institute for Atmospheric and
Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Yosef Knattrup
- Aarhus
University, Department of Chemistry, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Theo Kurtén
- University
of Helsinki, Institute for Atmospheric and
Earth System Research/Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- University
of Helsinki, Institute for Atmospheric and
Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Jonas Elm
- Aarhus
University, Department of Chemistry, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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6
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Cheng Y, Ding C, Wang H, Zhang T, Wang R, Muthiah B, Xu H, Zhang Q, Jiang M. Significant influence of water molecules on the SO 3 + HCl reaction in the gas phase and at the air-water interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28885-28894. [PMID: 37853821 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The products resulting from the reactions between atmospheric acids and SO3 have a catalytic effect on the formation of new particles in aerosols. However, the SO3 + HCl reaction in the gas-phase and at the air-water interface has not been considered. Herein, this reaction was explored exhaustively by using high-level quantum chemical calculations and Born Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations. The quantum calculations show that the gas-phase reaction of SO3 + HCl is highly unlikely to occur under atmospheric conditions with a high energy barrier of 22.6 kcal mol-1. H2O and (H2O)2 play obvious catalytic roles in reducing the energy barrier of the SO3 + HCl reaction by over 18.2 kcal mol-1. The atmospheric lifetimes of SO3 show that the (H2O)2-assisted reaction dominates over the H2O-assisted reaction within the altitude range of 0-5 km, whereas the H2O-assisted reaction is more favorable within an altitude range of 10-50 km. BOMD simulations show that H2O-induced formation of the ClSO3-⋯H3O+ ion pair and HCl-assisted formation of the HSO4-⋯H3O+ ion pair were identified at the air-water interface. These routes followed a stepwise reaction mechanism and proceeded at a picosecond time scale. Interestingly, the formed ClSO3H in the gas phase has a tendency to aggregate with sulfuric acids, ammonias, and water molecules to form stable clusters within 40 ns simulation time, while the interfacial ClSO3- and H3O+ can attract H2SO4, NH3, and HNO3 for particle formation from the gas phase to the water surface. Thus, this work will not only help in understanding the SO3 + HCl reaction driven by water molecules in the gas-phase and at the air-water interface, but it will also provide some potential routes of aerosol formation from the reaction between SO3 and inorganic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Ding
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Tianlei Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | | | - Haitong Xu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China.
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7
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Engsvang M, Kubečka J, Elm J. Toward Modeling the Growth of Large Atmospheric Sulfuric Acid-Ammonia Clusters. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34597-34609. [PMID: 37779982 PMCID: PMC10536041 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Studying large atmospheric molecular clusters is needed to understand the transition between clusters and aerosol particles. In this work, we studied the (SA)n(AM)n clusters with n up to 30 and the (SA)m(AM)m±2 clusters, with m = 6-20. The cluster configurations are sampled using the ABCluster program, and the cluster geometries and thermochemical parameters are calculated using GFN1-xTB. The cluster binding energies are calculated using B97-3c. We find that the addition of sulfuric acid is preferred to the addition of ammonia. The addition free energies were found to have large uncertainties, which could potentially be attributed to errors in the applied level of theory. Based on DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ benchmarks of the binding energies of the large (SA)8-9(AM)10 and (SA)10(AM)10-11 clusters, we find that ωB97X-D3BJ with a large basis set is required to yield accurate binding and addition energies. However, based on recalculations of the single-point energy at r2SCAN-3c and ωB97X-D3BJ/6-311++G(3df,3pd), we show that the single-point energy contribution is not the primary source of error. We hypothesize that a larger source of error might be present in the form of insufficient configurational sampling. Finally, we train Δ machine learning model on (SA)n(AM)n clusters with n up to 5 and show that we can predict the binding energies of clusters up to sizes of (SA)30(AM)30 with a binding energy error below 0.6 %. This is an encouraging approach for accurately modeling the binding energies of large acid-base clusters in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Engsvang
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jakub Kubečka
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department
of Chemistry, iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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8
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Knattrup Y, Kubečka J, Elm J. Nitric Acid and Organic Acids Suppress the Role of Methanesulfonic Acid in Atmospheric New Particle Formation. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7568-7578. [PMID: 37651638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent atmospheric molecular clusters, typically comprising a combination of acids and bases, play a pivotal role in our climate system and contribute to the perplexing uncertainties embedded in modern climate models. Our understanding of cluster formation is limited by the lack of studies on complex mixed-acid-mixed-base systems. Here, we investigate multicomponent clusters consisting of mixtures of several acid and base molecules: sulfuric acid (SA), methanesulfonic acid (MSA), nitric acid (NA), formic acid (FA), along with methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), and trimethylamine (TMA). We calculated the binding free energies of a comprehensive set of 252 mixed-acid-mixed-base clusters at the DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ//ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. Combined with the existing datasets, we simulated the new particle formation (NPF) rates using the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC). We find that the presence of NA and FA had a substantial impact, increasing the NPF rate by 60% at realistic conditions. Intriguingly, we find that NA and FA suppress the role of MSA in NPF. These findings suggest that even high concentration of MSA has a limited impact on NPF in polluted regions with high FA and NA. We outline a method for generating a lookup table that could potentially be used in climate models that sufficiently incorporates all the required chemistry. By unraveling the molecular mechanisms of mixed-acid-mixed-base clusters, we get one step closer to comprehending their implications for our global climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Knattrup
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jakub Kubečka
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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9
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Pitteloud Q, Wind P, Jensen SR, Frediani L, Jensen F. Quantifying Intramolecular Basis Set Superposition Errors. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:5863-5871. [PMID: 37595013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
We show that medium-sized Gaussian basis sets lead to significant intramolecular basis set superposition errors at Hartree-Fock and density functional levels of theory, with artificial stabilization of compact over extended conformations for a 186 atom deca-peptide. Errors of ∼80 and ∼10 kJ/mol are observed, with polarized double zeta and polarized triple zeta quality basis sets, respectively. Two different procedures for taking the basis set superposition error into account are tested. While both reduce the error, it appears that polarized quadruple zeta basis sets are required to reduce the error below a few kJ/mol. Alternatively, the basis set superposition error can be eliminated using multiresolution methods based on Multiwavelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Pitteloud
- Hylleraas Centre, Department of Chemistry, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
| | - Peter Wind
- Hylleraas Centre, Department of Chemistry, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
| | - Stig Rune Jensen
- Hylleraas Centre, Department of Chemistry, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
| | - Luca Frediani
- Hylleraas Centre, Department of Chemistry, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
| | - Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
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10
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Wu N, Ning A, Liu L, Zu H, Liang D, Zhang X. Methanesulfonic acid and iodous acid nucleation: a novel mechanism for marine aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37323049 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01198d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
By seeding clouds, new particle formation (NPF) has a substantial impact on radiation balance, bio-geochemical cycles and global climate. Over oceans, both methanesulfonic acid (CH3S(O)2OH, MSA) and iodous acid (HIO2) have been reported to be closely associated with NPF events; however, much less is known about whether they can jointly nucleate to form nanoclusters. Hence, quantum chemical calculations and Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) simulations were performed to investigate the novel mechanism of MSA-HIO2 binary nucleation. The results indicate that MSA and HIO2 can form stable clusters via multiple interactions including hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, and electrostatic forces between ion pairs after proton transfer, which are more diverse than those in MSA-iodic acid (HIO3) and MSA-dimethylamine (DMA) clusters. Interestingly, HIO2 can be protonated by MSA exhibiting base-like behavior, but it differs from base nucleation precursors by self-nucleation rather than solely binding to MSA. Due to the greater stability of MSA-HIO2 clusters, the formation rate of MSA-HIO2 clusters can be even higher than that of MSA-DMA clusters, suggesting that MSA-HIO2 nucleation is a non-negligible source of marine NPF. This work proposes a novel mechanism of MSA-HIO2 binary nucleation for marine aerosols and provides deeper insights into the distinctive nucleation characteristics of HIO2, which can help in constructing a more comprehensive sulfur- and iodine-bearing nucleation model for marine NPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - An Ning
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Haotian Zu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Danli Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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11
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Ning A, Zhong J, Li L, Li H, Liu J, Liu L, Liang Y, Li J, Zhang X, Francisco JS, He H. Chemical Implications of Rapid Reactive Absorption of I 2O 4 at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10817-10825. [PMID: 37133920 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine aerosol formation involving iodine-bearing species significantly affects the global climate and radiation balance. Although recent studies outline the critical role of iodine oxide in nucleation, much less is known about its contribution to aerosol growth. This paper presents molecular-level evidence that the air-water interfacial reaction of I2O4 mediated by potent atmospheric chemicals, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and amines [e.g., dimethylamine (DMA) and trimethylamine (TMA)], can occur rapidly on a picosecond time scale by Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations. The interfacial water bridges the reactants while facilitating the DMA-mediated proton transfer and stabilizing the ionic products of H2SO4-involved reactions. The identified heterogeneous mechanisms exhibit the dual contribution to aerosol growth: (i) the ionic products (e.g., IO3-, DMAH+, TMAH+, and HSO4-) formed by reactive adsorption possess less volatility than the reactants and (ii) these ions, such as alkylammonium salts (e.g., DMAH+), are also highly hydrophilic, further facilitating hygroscopic growth. This investigation enhances not only our understanding of heterogeneous iodine chemistry but also the impact of iodine oxide on aerosol growth. Also, these findings can bridge the gap between the abundance of I2O4 in the laboratory and its absence in field-collected aerosols and provide an explanation for the missing source of IO3-, HSO4-, and DMAH+ in marine aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Ning
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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12
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Toropainen A, Kangasluoma J, Vehkamäki H, Kubečka J. Heterogeneous Ion-Induced Nucleation of Water and Butanol Vapors Studied via Computational Quantum Chemistry beyond Prenucleation and Critical Cluster Sizes. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3976-3990. [PMID: 37126596 PMCID: PMC10184119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Water and butanol are used as working fluids in condensation particle counters, and condensation of a single vapor onto an ion can be used as a simple model system for the study of ion-induced nucleation in the atmosphere. Motivated by this, we examine heterogeneous nucleation of water (H2O) and n-butanol (BuOH) vapors onto three positively (Li+, Na+, K+) and three negatively charged (F-, Cl-, Br-) ions using classical nucleation theory and computational quantum chemistry methods. We study phenomena that cannot be captured by Kelvin-Thomson equation for small nucleation ion cores. Our quantum chemistry calculations reveal the molecular mechanism behind ion-induced nucleation for each studied system. Typically, ions become solvated from all sides after several vapor molecules condense onto the ion. However, we show that the clusters of water and large negatively charged ions (Cl- and Br-) thermodynamically prefer the ion being migrated to the cluster surface. Although our methods generally do not show clear sign-preference for ion-water nucleation, we identified positive sign-preference for ion-butanol nucleation caused by the possibility to form stabilizing hydrogen bonds between butanol molecules condensed onto a positively charged ion. These bonds cannot form when butanol condenses onto a negatively charged ion. Therefore, we show that ion charge, its sign, as well as vapor properties have effects on the prenucleation and critical cluster/droplet sizes and also on the molecular mechanism of ion-induced nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Toropainen
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki 00140, Finland
| | - Jakub Kubečka
- Aarhus University, Department of Chemistry, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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13
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Ayoubi D, Knattrup Y, Elm J. Clusteromics V: Organic Enhanced Atmospheric Cluster Formation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9621-9629. [PMID: 36936339 PMCID: PMC10018713 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Formic acid (FA) is a prominent candidate for organic enhanced nucleation due to its high abundance and stabilizing effect on smaller clusters. Its role in new particle formation is studied through the use of state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods on the cluster systems (acid)1-2(FA)1(base)1-2 with the acids being sulfuric acid (SA)/methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and the bases consisting of ammonia (A), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), and ethylenediamine (EDA). A funneling approach is used to determine the cluster structures with initial configurations generated through the ABCluster program, followed by semiempirical PM7 and ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) calculations. The final binding free energy is calculated at the DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ//ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory using the quasi-harmonic approximation. Cluster dynamics simulations show that FA has a minuscule or negligible effect on the MSA-FA-base systems as well as most of the SA-FA-base systems. The SA-FA-DMA cluster system shows the highest influence from FA with an enhancement of 21%, compared to its non-FA counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ayoubi
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yosef Knattrup
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department
of Chemistry, iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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14
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Jensen AB, Kubečka J, Schmitz G, Christiansen O, Elm J. Massive Assessment of the Binding Energies of Atmospheric Molecular Clusters. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7373-7383. [PMID: 36417753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical studies of the formation and growth of atmospheric molecular clusters are important for understanding aerosol particle formation. However, the search for the lowest free-energy cluster configuration is extremely time consuming. This makes high-level benchmark data sets extremely valuable in the quest for the global minimum as it allows the identification of cost-efficient computational methodologies, as well as the development of high-level machine learning (ML) models. Herein, we present a highly versatile quantum chemical data set comprising a total of 11 749 (acid)1-2(base)1-2 cluster configurations, containing up to 44 atoms. Utilizing the LUMI supercomputer, we calculated highly accurate PNO-CCSD(F12*)(T)/cc-pVDZ-F12 binding energies of the full set of cluster configurations leading to an unprecedented data set both in regard to sheer size and with respect to the level of theory. We employ the constructed benchmark set to assess the performance of various semiempirical and density functional theory methods. In particular, we find that the r2-SCAN-3c method shows excellent performance across the data set related to both accuracy and CPU time, making it a promising method to employ during cluster configurational sampling. Furthermore, applying the data sets, we construct ML models based on Δ-learning and provide recommendations for future application of ML in cluster configurational sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakub Kubečka
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Schmitz
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ove Christiansen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Chemistry, iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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15
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Zhang X, Tan S, Chen X, Yin S. Computational chemistry of cluster: Understanding the mechanism of atmospheric new particle formation at the molecular level. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136109. [PMID: 36007737 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF), which exerts significant influence over human health and global climate, has been a hot topic and rapidly expands field of research in the environmental and atmospheric chemistry recent years. Generally, NPF contains two processes: formation of critical nucleus and further growth of the nucleus. However, due to the complexity of the atmospheric nucleation, which is a multicomponent process, formation of critical clusters as well as their growth is still connected to large uncertainties. Detection limits of instruments in measuring specific gaseous aerosol precursors and chemical compositions at the molecular level call for computational studies. Computational chemistry could effectively compensate the deficiency of laboratory experiments as well as observations and predict the nucleation mechanisms. We review the present theoretical literatures that discuss nucleation mechanism of atmospheric clusters. Focus of this review is on different nucleation systems involving sulfur-containing species, nitrogen-containing species and iodine-containing species. We hope this review will provide a deep insight for the molecular interaction of nucleation precursors and reveal nucleation mechanism at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhang
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shendong Tan
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, PR China
| | - Shi Yin
- MOE & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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16
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Knattrup Y, Elm J. Clusteromics IV: The Role of Nitric Acid in Atmospheric Cluster Formation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31551-31560. [PMID: 36092558 PMCID: PMC9453938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitric acid (NA) has previously been shown to affect atmospheric new particle formation; however, its role still remains highly uncertain. Through the employment of state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods, we study the (acid)1-2(base)1-2 and (acid)3(base)2 clusters containing at least one nitric acid (NA) and sulfuric acid (SA) or methanesulfonic acid (MSA) with bases ammonia (A), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), and ethylenediamine (EDA). The initial cluster configurations are generated using the ABCluster program. PM7 and ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) calculations are used to reduce the number of relevant configurations. The thermochemical parameters are calculated at the ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory with the quasi-harmonic approximation, and the final single-point energies are calculated with high-level DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations. The enhancing effect from the presence of nitric acid on cluster formation is studied using the calculated thermochemical data and cluster dynamics simulations. We find that when NA is in excess compared with the other acids, it has a substantial enhancing effect on the cluster formation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Knattrup
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department
of Chemistry, iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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17
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Liu Y, Xie HB, Ma F, Chen J, Elm J. Amine-Enhanced Methanesulfonic Acid-Driven Nucleation: Predictive Model and Cluster Formation Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7751-7760. [PMID: 35593326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric amines are considered to be an effective enhancer for methanesulfonic acid (MSA)-driven nucleation. However, out of the 195 detected atmospheric amines, the enhancing potential (EP) has so far only been studied for five amines. This severely hinders the understanding of the contribution of amines to MSA-driven nucleation. Herein, a two-step procedure was employed to probe the EP of various amines on MSA-driven nucleation. Initially, the formation free energies (ΔG) of 50 MSA-amine dimer clusters were calculated. Based on the calculated ΔG values, a robust quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was built and utilized to predict the ΔG values of the remaining 145 amines. The QSAR model identified two guanidino-containing compounds as the potentially strongest enhancer for MSA-driven nucleation. Second, the EP of guanidino-containing compounds was studied by employing larger clusters and selecting guanidine (Gud) as a representative. The results indicate that Gud indeed has the strongest EP. The Gud-MSA system presents a unique clustering mechanism, proceeding via the initial formation of the (Gud)1(MSA)1 cluster, and subsequently by cluster collisions with either a (Gud)1(MSA)1 or (Gud)2(MSA)2 cluster. The developed QSAR model and the identification of amines with the strongest EP provide a foundation for comprehensively evaluating the contribution of atmospheric amines to MSA-driven nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
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18
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Zhang S, Li S, Ning A, Liu L, Zhang X. Iodous acid - a more efficient nucleation precursor than iodic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13651-13660. [PMID: 35611676 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00302c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodous acid (HIO2), a vital iodine oxyacid, potentially plays an important role in the formation of new particles in marine areas (He et al., Science, 2021, 371, 589-595). However, the nucleation mechanism of HIO2 is still poorly understood. Herein, the self-nucleation of HIO2 under different atmospheric conditions is investigated by a combination of quantum chemical calculations and the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) simulations. The results indicate that HIO2 can form relatively stable molecular clusters through hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds, and the self-nucleation of HIO2 proceeds by sequential addition of HIO2 or HIO2-based small clusters. Besides, in order to better illustrate the role of HIO2 in new particle formation (NPF) in marine areas, we compare its nucleation properties with those of iodic acid (HIO3), a significant iodine-containing nucleation precursor in marine regions. We find that the cluster formation rate of the self-nucleation of HIO2 is higher than that of the self-nucleation of HIO3 although [HIO2] is lower than [HIO3], which indicates that the HIO2 molecule is a more efficient nucleation precursor than the HIO3 molecule. Therefore, the self-nucleation of HIO2 could become one of the most important sources for NPF in marine areas, which could provide potential theoretical evidence for explaining the intensive NPF events observed in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Shuning Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China. .,National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin, Tianjin, 300451, China
| | - An Ning
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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19
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Elm J. Clusteromics III: Acid Synergy in Sulfuric Acid-Methanesulfonic Acid-Base Cluster Formation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15206-15214. [PMID: 35572753 PMCID: PMC9089749 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Acid-base molecular clusters are an important stage in atmospheric new particle formation. While such clusters are most likely multicomponent in nature, there are very few reports on clusters consisting of multiple acid molecules and multiple base molecules. By applying state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods, we herein study electrically neutral (SA)1(MSA)1(base)0-2 clusters with base = ammonia (A), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA) and ethylenediamine (EDA). The cluster structures are obtained using a funneling approach employing the ABCluster program, semiempirical PM7 calculations and ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) calculations. The final binding free energies are calculated at the DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ//ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory using the quasi-harmonic approximation. Based on the calculated cluster geometries and thermochemistry (at 298.15 K and 1 atm), we find that the mixed (SA)1(MSA)1(base)1-2 clusters more resemble the (SA)2(base)1-2 clusters compared to the (MSA)2(base)1-2 clusters. Hence, some of the steric hindrance and lack of hydrogen bond capacity previously observed in the (MSA)2(base)1-2 clusters is diminished in the corresponding (SA)1(MSA)1(base)1-2 clusters. Cluster kinetics simulations reveal that the presence of an MSA molecule in the clusters enhances the cluster formation potential by up to a factor of 20. We find that the SA-MSA-DMA clusters have the highest cluster formation potential, and thus, this system should be further extended to larger sizes in future studies.
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20
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Liang Y, Rong H, Liu L, Zhang S, Zhang X, Xu W. Gas-phase catalytic hydration of I 2O 5 in the polluted coastal regions: Reaction mechanisms and atmospheric implications. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:412-421. [PMID: 35459504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine aerosols play an important role in the global aerosol system. In polluted coastal regions, ultra-fine particles have been recognized to be related to iodine-containing species and is more serious due to the impact of atmospheric pollutants. Many previous studies have identified iodine pentoxide (I2O5, IP) to be the key species in new particles formation (NPF) in marine regions, but the role of IP in the polluted coastal atmosphere is far to be fully understood. Considering the high humidity and concentrations of pollutants in the polluted coastal regions, the gas-phase hydration of IP catalyzed by sulfuric acid (SA), nitric acid (NA), dimethylamine (DMA), and ammonia (A) have been investigated at DLPNO-CCSD(T)//ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ + aug-cc-pVTZ-PP with ECP28MDF (for iodine) level of theory. The results show that the hydration of IP involves a significant energy barrier of 22.33 kcal/mol, while the pollutants SA, NA, DMA, and A all could catalyze the hydration of IP. Especially, with SA and DMA as catalysts, the hydration reactions of IP present extremely low barriers and high rate constants. It is suggested that IP is unstable under the catalysis of SA and DMA to generate iodic acid, which is the key component in NPF in marine regions. Thus, the catalytic hydration of IP is very likely to trigger the formation of iodine-containing particles. Our research provides a clear picture of the catalytic hydration of IP as well as theoretical guidance for NPF in the polluted coastal atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hui Rong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaobing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wenguo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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21
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Radola B, Picaud S, Ortega IK. DFT Study of the Formation of Atmospheric Aerosol Precursors from the Interaction between Sulfuric Acid and Benzenedicarboxylic Acid Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1211-1220. [PMID: 35147031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c08936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dicarboxylic acids are ubiquitous products of the photooxidation of volatile organic compounds which are believed to play a significant role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. In this paper, we report high-level quantum investigations of the clustering properties of sulfuric acid and benzenedicarboxylic acid molecules. Up to four molecules have been considered in the calculations, and the behavior of the three isomers of the organic diacid species have been compared. The most stable geometries have been characterized together with the corresponding thermodynamic data. From an atmospheric point of view, the results of the DFT calculations show that the organic diacid molecules may significantly enhance the nucleation of small atmospheric clusters, at least from an energetic point of view. In this respect, the phthalic acid isomer seems more efficient than the two other isomers of the benzenedicarboxylic acid, in particular because the internal distance between the two carboxyl groups in the organic diacids appears to play an important role in the stabilization of the H-bond network inside the corresponding heterocluster formed with sulfuric acid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Radola
- Institut UTINAM─UMR 6213, CNRS/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Picaud
- Institut UTINAM─UMR 6213, CNRS/Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Ismael Kenneth Ortega
- Multi-Physics for Energetics Department, ONERA/Université Paris Saclay, F-91123 Palaiseau, France
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22
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Becker D, Heitland J, Carlsson PTM, Elm J, Olenius T, Tödter S, Kharrazizadeh A, Zeuch T. Real-time monitoring of aerosol particle formation from sulfuric acid vapor at elevated concentrations and temperatures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5001-5013. [PMID: 35142769 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04580f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, time-resolved aerosol particle formation from sulfuric acid vapor is examined with special attention to the stabilization of molecular clusters in the early phase of unary nucleation. An important factor governing this process is the amount of condensable acid vapor. Here it is produced from fast gas-phase reactions in a batch-type reaction cell for which we introduce modifications enabling real-time monitoring. The key component for size- and time-resolved detection of ultrafine particles is a new 1 nm-SMPS. With this new tool at hand, the effect of varying the precursor concentration over two orders of magnitude is investigated. We demonstrate the ability to tune between different growth scenarios as indicated by the size-resolved particle traces which exhibit a transition from sigmoidal over quasi-stationary to peak-like shape. The second key parameter relevant for nucleation studies is the temperature-dependent cluster evaporation. Due to a temperature rise during the mixing stage of the experiment, evaporation is strongly promoted in the early phase. Therefore, the present study extends the T-range used in, e.g., smog chambers. We investigate this temperature effect in a kinetic simulation and can successfully combine simulated and measured data for validating theoretical evaporation rates obtained from DLPNO-CCSD(T0)-calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Becker
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jonas Heitland
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | - Jonas Elm
- Aarhus Univerity, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Air Quality Research Unit, Folkborgsvägen 17, SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Sophia Tödter
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Amir Kharrazizadeh
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Zeuch
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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23
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Abstract
Synergistic effects between different bases can greatly enhance atmospheric sulfuric acid (SA)-base cluster formation. However, only the synergy between two base components has previously been investigated. Here, we extend this concept to three bases by studying large atmospherically relevant (SA)3(base)3 clusters, with the bases ammonia (A), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA) and ethylenediamine (EDA). Using density functional theory—ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p)—we calculate the cluster structures and vibrational frequencies. The thermochemical parameters are calculated at 29,815 K and 1 atm, using the quasi-harmonic approximation. The binding energies of the clusters are calculated using high level DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ. We find that the cluster stability in general depends on the basicity of the constituent bases, with some noteworthy additional guidelines: DMA enhances the cluster stability, TMA decreases the cluster stability and there is high synergy between DMA and EDA. Based on our calculations, we find it highly likely that three, or potentially more, different bases, are involved in the growth pathways of sulfuric acid-base clusters.
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24
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Elm J. Clusteromics II: Methanesulfonic Acid-Base Cluster Formation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17035-17044. [PMID: 34250361 PMCID: PMC8264942 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The role of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) in atmospheric new particle formation remains highly uncertain. Using state-of-the-art computational methods, we study the electrically neutral (MSA)0-2(base)0-2 clusters, with base = ammonia (A), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), and ethylenediamine (EDA). The cluster configurations are obtained using the ABCluster program and the number of initial cluster configurations is reduced based on PM7 calculations. Thermochemical parameters are calculated using the quasi-harmonic approximation based on the ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) cluster structures and vibrational frequencies. The single point energies are calculated at the DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. We find that MSA shows a different interaction pattern with the bases compared to sulfuric acid and does not simply follow the basicity of the bases for these small clusters. In all cases, we find that the MSA-base clusters show very low cluster formation potential, indicating that electrically neutral clusters consisting solely of MSA as the clustering acid are most likely not capable of forming and growing under realistic atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and
iClimate, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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25
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Rosati B, Christiansen S, Wollesen de Jonge R, Roldin P, Jensen MM, Wang K, Moosakutty SP, Thomsen D, Salomonsen C, Hyttinen N, Elm J, Feilberg A, Glasius M, Bilde M. New Particle Formation and Growth from Dimethyl Sulfide Oxidation by Hydroxyl Radicals. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2021; 5:801-811. [PMID: 33889792 PMCID: PMC8054244 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is produced by plankton in oceans and constitutes the largest natural emission of sulfur to the atmosphere. In this work, we examine new particle formation from the primary pathway of oxidation of gas-phase DMS by OH radicals. We particularly focus on particle growth and mass yield as studied experimentally under dry conditions using the atmospheric simulation chamber AURA. Experimentally, we show that aerosol mass yields from oxidation of 50-200 ppb of DMS are low (2-7%) and that particle growth rates (8.2-24.4 nm/h) are comparable with ambient observations. An HR-ToF-AMS was calibrated using methanesulfonic acid (MSA) to account for fragments distributed across both the organic and sulfate fragmentation table. AMS-derived chemical compositions revealed that MSA was always more dominant than sulfate in the secondary aerosols formed. Modeling using the Aerosol Dynamics, gas- and particle-phase chemistry kinetic multilayer model for laboratory CHAMber studies (ADCHAM) indicates that the Master Chemical Mechanism gas-phase chemistry alone underestimates experimentally observed particle formation and that DMS multiphase and autoxidation chemistry is needed to explain observations. Based on quantum chemical calculations, we conclude that particle formation from DMS oxidation in the ambient atmosphere will most likely be driven by mixed sulfuric acid/MSA clusters clustering with both amines and ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Rosati
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna AT-1090, Austria
| | - Sigurd Christiansen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | | | - Pontus Roldin
- Division
of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, Lund SE-221
00, Sweden
| | - Mads Mørk Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Kai Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Shamjad P. Moosakutty
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
- Clean Combustion
Research Center, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology, Thuwal KSA-23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ditte Thomsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Camilla Salomonsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Noora Hyttinen
- Nano
and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University
of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Anders Feilberg
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Finlandsgade
12, Aarhus N DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Marianne Glasius
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
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26
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Wang R, Wen M, Chen X, Mu R, Zeng Z, Chai G, Lily M, Wang Z, Zhang T. Atmospheric Chemistry of CH 2OO: The Hydrolysis of CH 2OO in Small Clusters of Sulfuric Acid. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2642-2652. [PMID: 33755485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of CH2OO is not only a dominant sink for the CH2OO intermediate in the atmosphere but also a key process in the formation of aerosols. Herein, the reaction mechanism and kinetics for the hydrolysis of CH2OO catalyzed by the precursors of atmospheric aerosols, including H2SO4, H2SO4···H2O, and (H2SO4)2, have been studied theoretically at the CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVDZ-F12//B3LYP/6-311+G(2df,2pd) level. The calculated results show that the three catalysts decrease the energy barrier by over 10.3 kcal·mol-1; at the same time, the product formation of HOCH2OOH is more strongly bonded to the three catalysts than to the reactants CH2OO and H2O, revealing that small clusters of sulfuric acid promote the hydrolysis of CH2OO both kinetically and thermodynamically. Kinetic simulations show that the H2SO4-assisted reaction is more favorable than the H2SO4···H2O- (the pseudo-first-order rate constant being 27.9-11.5 times larger) and (H2SO4)2- (between 2.8 × 104 and 3.4 × 105 times larger) catalyzed reactions. Additionally, due to relatively lower concentration of H2SO4, the hydrolysis of CH2OO with H2SO4 cannot compete with the CH2OO + H2O or (H2O)2 reaction within the temperature range of 280-320 K, since its pseudo-first-order rate ratio is smaller by 4-7 or 6-8 orders of magnitude, respectively. However, the present results provide a good example of how small clusters of sulfuric acid catalyze the hydrolysis of an important atmospheric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Wen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
| | - Ruxue Mu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Zeng
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
| | - Guang Chai
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
| | - Makroni Lily
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyin Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
| | - Tianlei Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, P. R. China
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27
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Elm J. Clusteromics I: Principles, Protocols, and Applications to Sulfuric Acid-Base Cluster Formation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7804-7814. [PMID: 33778292 PMCID: PMC7992168 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We recently coined the term clusteromics as a holistic approach for obtaining insight into the chemical complexity of atmospheric molecular cluster formation and at the same time providing the foundation for thermochemical databases that can be utilized for developing machine learning models. Here, we present the first paper in the series that applies state-of-the-art computational methods to study multicomponent (SA)0-2(base)0-2 clusters, with SA = sulfuric acid and base = [ammonia (A), methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), and ethylenediamine (EDA)] with all combinations of the five bases. The initial cluster configurations are obtained using the ABCluster program and the number of relevant configurations are reduced based on PM7 and ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) calculations. Thermochemical parameters are calculated based on the ωB97X-D/6-31++G(d,p) cluster structures and vibrational frequencies using the quasi-harmonic approximation. The single-point energies are refined with a high-level DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ calculation. Using the calculated thermochemical data, we perform kinetics simulations to evaluate the potential of these small (SA)0-2(base)0-2 clusters to grow into larger cluster sizes. In all cases we find that having more than one type of base molecule present in the cluster will increase the potential for forming larger clusters primarily due to the increased available vapor concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and
iClimate, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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28
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Elm J. Toward a Holistic Understanding of the Formation and Growth of Atmospheric Molecular Clusters: A Quantum Machine Learning Perspective. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:895-902. [PMID: 33378191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of atmospheric molecular clusters is an important stage in forming new particles in the atmosphere. Despite being a highly focused research area, the exact chemical species involved in the initial steps in new particle formation remain elusive. In this Perspective the main challenges and recent progression in the field are outlined with a special emphasis on the chemical complexity of the puzzle and prospect of modeling larger clusters. In general, there is a high demand for accurate and more complete quantum chemical data sets that can be applied in cluster distribution dynamics models and coupled to atmospheric chemical transport models. A view on how the community could reach this goal by applying data-driven machine learning approaches for more efficient exploration of cluster configurations is presented. A path toward larger clusters and direct molecular dynamics simulations of cluster formation and growth using machine learning models is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus, Denmark
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29
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Kreinbihl JJ, Frederiks NC, Johnson CJ. Hydration motifs of ammonium bisulfate clusters show complex temperature dependence. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:014304. [PMID: 33412869 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of water in the formation of particles from atmospheric trace gases is not well understood, in large part due to difficulties in detecting its presence under atmospheric conditions and the variety of possible structures that must be screened computationally. Here, we use infrared spectroscopy and variable-temperature ion trap mass spectrometry to investigate the structural motifs adopted by water bound to ammonium bisulfate clusters and their temperature dependence. For clusters featuring only acid-base linkages, water adopts a bridging arrangement spanning an adjacent ammonium and bisulfate. For larger clusters, water can also insert into a bisulfate-bisulfate hydrogen bond, yielding hydration isomers with very similar binding energies. The population of these isomers shows a complex temperature evolution, as an apparent third isomer appears with a temperature dependence that is difficult to explain using simple thermodynamic arguments. These observations suggest that the thermodynamics of water binding to atmospheric clusters such as these may not be straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Kreinbihl
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - Nicoline C Frederiks
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
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30
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Bot M, Gorbachev V, Tsybizova A, Chen P. Bond Dissociation Energies in the Gas Phase for Large Molecular Ions by Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments: Stretching the Limits. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8692-8707. [PMID: 32955888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accurate bond dissociation energies for large molecules are difficult to obtain by either experimental or computational methods. The former methods are hampered by a range of physical and practical limitations in gas-phase measurement techniques, while the latter require incorporation of multiple approximations whose impact on accuracy may not always be clear. When internal benchmarks are not available, one hopes that experiment and theory can mutually support each other. A recent report found, however, a large discrepancy between gas-phase bond dissociation energies, measured mass spectrometrically, and the corresponding quantities computed using density functional theory (DFT)-D3 and DLPNO-CCSD(T) methods. With the widespread application of these computational methods to large molecular systems, the discrepancy needs to be resolved. We report a series of experimental studies that validate the mass spectrometric methods from small to large ions and find that bond dissociation energies extracted from threshold collision-induced dissociation experiments on large ions do indeed behave correctly. The implications for the computational studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bot
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Gorbachev
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Tsybizova
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Chen
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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31
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Zhang T, Wen M, Zhang Y, Chen X, Qiao Z, Su Y, Lily M, Wang Z. Sulfuric acid catalyzed HCl + HO → Cl + H2O reaction in troposphere: A quantum chemical investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Zhang T, Bi X, Wen M, Liu S, Chai G, Zeng Z, Wang R, Wang W, Long B. The HO 4H → O 3 + H 2O reaction catalysed by acidic, neutral and basic catalysts in the troposphere. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1673912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Bi
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Wen
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang Chai
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaopeng Zeng
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Rasmussen FR, Kubečka J, Besel V, Vehkamäki H, Mikkelsen KV, Bilde M, Elm J. Hydration of Atmospheric Molecular Clusters III: Procedure for Efficient Free Energy Surface Exploration of Large Hydrated Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5253-5261. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakub Kubečka
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Vitus Besel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetesparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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34
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Carlsson PTM, Celik S, Becker D, Olenius T, Elm J, Zeuch T. Neutral Sulfuric Acid-Water Clustering Rates: Bridging the Gap between Molecular Simulation and Experiment. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4239-4244. [PMID: 32357300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of sulfuric acid during atmospheric new particle formation is an ongoing topic of discussion. In this work, we provide quantitative experimental constraints for quantum chemically calculated evaporation rates for the smallest H2SO4-H2O clusters, characterizing the mechanism governing nucleation on a kinetic, single-molecule level. We compare experimental particle size distributions resulting from a highly supersaturated homogeneous H2SO4 gas phase with the results from kinetic simulations employing quantum chemically derived decomposition rates of electrically neutral H2SO4 molecular clusters up to the pentamer at a large range of relative humidities. By using high H2SO4 concentrations, we circumvent the uncertainties concerning contaminants and competing reactions present in studies at atmospheric conditions. We show good agreement between molecular simulation and experimental measurements and provide the first evaluation of theoretical predictions of the stabilization provided by water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T M Carlsson
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steven Celik
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Becker
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Zeuch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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35
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Schmitz G, Elm J. Assessment of the DLPNO Binding Energies of Strongly Noncovalent Bonded Atmospheric Molecular Clusters. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7601-7612. [PMID: 32280904 PMCID: PMC7144154 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work assesses the performance of DLPNO-CCSD(T0), DLPNO-MP2, and density functional theory methods in calculating the binding energies of a representative test set of 45 atmospheric acid-acid, acid-base, and acid-water dimer clusters. The performance of the approximate methods is compared to high level explicitly correlated CCSD(F12*)(T)/complete basis set (CBS) reference calculations. Out of the tested density functionals, ωB97X-D3(BJ) shows the best performance with a mean deviation of 0.09 kcal/mol and a maximum deviation of 0.83 kcal/mol. The RI-CC2/aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z level of theory severely overpredicts the cluster binding energies with a mean deviation of -1.31 kcal/mol and a maximum deviation up to -3.00 kcal/mol. Hence, RI-CC2/aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z should not be utilized for studying atmospheric molecular clusters. The DLPNO variants are tested both with and without the inclusion of explicit correlation (F12) in the wavefunction, with different pair natural orbital (PNO) settings (loosePNO, normalPNO, and tightPNO) and using both double and triple zeta basis sets. The performance of the DLPNO-MP2 methods is found to be independent of PNO settings and yield low mean deviations of -0.84 kcal/mol or below. However, DLPNO-MP2 requires explicitly correlated wavefunctions to yield maximum deviations below 1.40 kcal/mol. For obtaining high accuracy, with maximum deviation below ∼1.0 kcal/mol, either DLPNO-CCSD(T0)/aug-cc-pVTZ (normalPNO) calculations or DLPNO-CCSD(T0)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 (normalPNO) calculations are required. The most accurate level of theory is found to be DLPNO-CCSD(T0)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 using a tightPNO criterion which yields a mean deviation of 0.10 kcal/mol, with a maximum deviation of 0.20 kcal/mol, compared to the CCSD(F12*)(T)/CBS reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schmitz
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department
of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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36
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Zhang T, Zhai K, Zhang Y, Geng L, Geng Z, Zhou M, Lu Y, Shao X, Lily M. Effect of water and ammonia on the HO + NH3 → NH2 + H2O reaction in troposphere: Competition between single and double hydrogen atom transfer pathways. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Rong H, Liu L, Liu J, Zhang X. Glyoxylic Sulfuric Anhydride from the Gas-Phase Reaction between Glyoxylic Acid and SO3: A Potential Nucleation Precursor. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3261-3268. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Rong
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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38
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Li D, Chen D, Liu F, Wang W. Role of glycine on sulfuric acid-ammonia clusters formation: Transporter or participator. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 89:125-135. [PMID: 31892385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycine (Gly) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and plays a vital role in new particle formation (NPF). However, the potential mechanism of its on sulfuric acid (SA) - ammonia (A) clusters formation under various atmospheric conditions is still ambiguous. Herein, a (Gly)x·(SA)y·(A)z (z ≤ x + y ≤ 3) multicomponent system was investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) combined with Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) at different temperatures and precursor concentrations. The results show that Gly, with one carboxyl (-COOH) and one amine (-NH2) group, can interact strongly with SA and A in two directions through hydrogen bonds or proton transfer. Within the relevant range of atmospheric concentrations, Gly can enhance the formation rate of SA-A-based clusters, especially at low temperature, low [SA], and median [A]. The enhancement (R) of Gly on NPF can be up to 340 at T = 218.15 K, [SA] = 104, [A] = 109, and [Gly] = 107 molecules/cm3. In addition, the main growth paths of clusters show that Gly molecules participate into cluster formation in the initial stage and eventually leave the cluster by evaporation in subsequent cluster growth at low [Gly], it acts as an important "transporter" to connect the smaller and larger cluster. With the increase of [Gly], it acts as a "participator" directly participating in NPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Dongping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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39
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Zhang T, Wen M, Zeng Z, Lu Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Shao X, Wang Z, Makroni L. Effect of NH 3 and HCOOH on the H 2O 2 + HO → HO 2 + H 2O reaction in the troposphere: competition between the one-step and stepwise mechanisms. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9093-9102. [PMID: 35496523 PMCID: PMC9050117 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00024h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The H2O2 + HO → HO2 + H2O reaction is an important reservoir for both radicals of HO and HO2 catalyzing the destruction of O3. Here, this reaction assisted by NH3 and HCOOH catalysts was explored using the CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVDZ-F12//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ method and canonical variational transition state theory with small curvature tunneling. Two possible sets of mechanisms, (i) one-step routes and (ii) stepwise processes, are possible. Our results show that in the presence of both NH3 and HCOOH catalysts under relevant atmospheric temperature, mechanism (i) is favored both energetically and kinetically than the corresponding mechanism (ii). At 298 K, the relative rate for mechanism (i) in the presence of NH3 (10, 2900 ppbv) and HCOOH (10 ppbv) is respectively 3–5 and 2–4 orders of magnitude lower than that of the water-catalyzed reaction. This is due to a comparatively lower concentration of NH3 and HCOOH than H2O which indicates the positive water effect under atmospheric conditions. Although NH3 and HCOOH catalysts play a negligible role in the reservoir for both radicals of HO and HO2 catalyzing the destruction of O3, the current study provides a comprehensive example of how acidic and basic catalysts assisted the gas-phase reactions. The H2O2 + HO → HO2 + H2O reaction is an important reservoir for both radicals of HO and HO2 catalyzing the destruction of O3.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Wen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhaopeng Zeng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Yousong Lu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Xianzhao Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Lily Makroni
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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40
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Shen J, Xie HB, Elm J, Ma F, Chen J, Vehkamäki H. Methanesulfonic Acid-driven New Particle Formation Enhanced by Monoethanolamine: A Computational Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14387-14397. [PMID: 31710478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Amines are recognized as significant enhancing species on methanesulfonic acid (MSA)-driven new particle formation (NPF). Monoethanolamine (MEA) has been detected in the atmosphere, and its concentration could be significantly increased once MEA-based postcombustion CO2 capture technology is widely implemented. Here, we evaluated the enhancing potential of MEA on MSA-driven NPF by examining the formation of MEA-MSA clusters using a combination of quantum chemical calculations and kinetics modeling. The results indicate that the -OH group of MEA can form at least one hydrogen bond with MSA or MEA in all MEA-containing clusters. The enhancing potential of MEA is higher than that of the strongest enhancing agent known so far, methylamine (MA), for MSA-driven NPF. Such high enhancing potential can be ascribed to not only the higher gas-phase basicity but also the role of the additional -OH group of MEA in increasing the binding free energy by forming additional hydrogen bonds. This clarifies the importance of hydrogen-bonding capacity from the nonamino group of amines in enhancing MSA-driven NPF. The main growth pathway for MEA-MSA clusters proceeds via the initial formation of the (MEA)1(MSA)1 cluster, followed by alternately adding one MSA and one MEA molecule, differing from the case of MA-MSA clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , DK-8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
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41
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Unexpected quenching effect on new particle formation from the atmospheric reaction of methanol with SO 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:24966-24971. [PMID: 31767772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915459116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high abundance in the atmosphere, alcohols in general and methanol in particular are believed to play a small role in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) largely due to the weak binding abilities of alcohols with the major nucleation precursors, e.g., sulfuric acid (SA) and dimethylamine (DMA). Herein, we identify a catalytic reaction that was previously overlooked, namely, the reaction between methanol and SO3, catalyzed by SA, DMA, or water. We found that alcohols can have unexpected quenching effects on the NPF process, particularly in dry and highly polluted regions with high concentrations of alcohols. Specifically, the catalytic reaction between methanol and SO3 can convert methanol into a less-volatile species--methyl hydrogen sulfate (MHS). The latter was initially thought to be a good nucleation agent for NPF. However, our simulation results suggest that the formation of MHS consumes an appreciable amount of atmospheric SO3, disfavoring further reactions of SO3 with H2O. Indeed, we found that MHS formation can cause a reduction of SA concentration up to 87%, whereas the nucleation ability of MHS toward new particles is not as good as that of SA. Hence, a high abundance of methanol in the atmosphere can lower the particle nucleation rate by as much as two orders of magnitude. Such a quenching effect suggests that the recently identified catalytic reactions between alcohols and SO3 need to be considered in atmospheric modeling in order to predict SA concentration from SO2, while also account for their potentially negative effect on NPF.
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42
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Elm J, Hyttinen N, Lin JJ, Kurtén T, Prisle NL. Strong Even/Odd Pattern in the Computed Gas-Phase Stability of Dicarboxylic Acid Dimers: Implications for Condensation Thermodynamics. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9594-9599. [PMID: 31610657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The physical properties of small straight-chain dicarboxylic acids are well known to exhibit even/odd alternations with respect to the carbon chain length. For example, odd numbered diacids have lower melting points and higher saturation vapor pressures than adjacent even numbered diacids. This alternation has previously been explained in terms of solid-state properties, such as higher torsional strain of odd number diacids. Using quantum chemical methods, we demonstrate an additional contribution to this alternation in properties resulting from gas-phase dimer formation. Due to a combination of hydrogen bond strength and torsional strain, dimer formation in the gas phase occurs efficiently for glutaric acid (C5) and pimelic acid (C7) but is unfavorable for succinic acid (C4) and adipic acid (C6). Our results indicate that a significant fraction of the total atmospheric gas-phase concentration of glutaric and pimelic acid may consist of dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Noora Hyttinen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit , University of Oulu , P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu , Finland
| | - Jack J Lin
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit , University of Oulu , P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu , Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Nønne L Prisle
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit , University of Oulu , P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu , Finland
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43
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Ma F, Xie HB, Elm J, Shen J, Chen J, Vehkamäki H. Piperazine Enhancing Sulfuric Acid-Based New Particle Formation: Implications for the Atmospheric Fate of Piperazine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8785-8795. [PMID: 31287292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine (PZ), a cyclic diamine, is one of 160 detected atmospheric amines and an alternative solvent to the widely used monoethanolamine in post-combustion CO2 capture. Participating in H2SO4 (sulfuric acid, SA)-based new particle formation (NPF) could be an important removal pathway for PZ. Here, we employed quantum chemical calculations and kinetics modeling to evaluate the enhancing potential of PZ on SA-based NPF by examining the formation of PZ-SA clusters. The results indicate that PZ behaves more like a monoamine in stabilizing SA and can enhance SA-based NPF at the parts per trillion (ppt) level. The enhancing potential of PZ is less than that of the chainlike diamine putrescine and greater than that of dimethylamine, which is one of the strongest enhancing agents confirmed by ambient observations and experiments. After the initial formation of the (PZ)1(SA)1 cluster, the cluster mainly grows by gradual addition of SA or PZ monomer, followed by addition of (PZ)1(SA)1 cluster. We find that the ratio of PZ removal by NPF to that by the combination of NPF and oxidations is 0.5-0.97 at 278.15 K. As a result, we conclude that participation in the NPF pathway could significantly alter the environmental impact of PZ compared to only considering oxidation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , DK- 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Jiewen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a , FI-00014 Helsinki , Finland
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44
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Zhao F, Feng YJ, Liu YR, Jiang S, Huang T, Wang ZH, Xu CX, Huang W. Enhancement of Atmospheric Nucleation by Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules: A Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5367-5377. [PMID: 31199633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) by gas-particle conversion is the main source of atmospheric aerosols. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) and sulfuric acid (SA) are important NPF participants. 2-Methylglyceric acid (MGA), a kind of HOMs, is a tracer of isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosols. The nucleation mechanisms of MGA with SA were studied using density functional theory and atmospheric cluster dynamics simulation in this study, along with that of MGA with methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as a comparison. Our theoretical works indicate that the (MGA)(SA) and (MGA)(MSA) clusters are the most stable ones in the (MGA) i(SA) j ( i = 1-2, j = 1-2) and (MGA) i(MSA) j ( i = 1-2, j = 1-2) clusters, respectively. Both the formation rates of (MGA)(SA) and (MGA)(MSA) clusters are quite large and could have significant contributions to NPF. The results imply that the homomolecular nucleation of MGA is unlikely to occur in the atmosphere, and MGA and SA can effectively contribute to heteromolecular nucleation mainly in the form of heterodimers. MSA exhibits properties similar to SA in its ability to form clusters with MGA but is slightly weaker than SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China.,School of Information Science and Technology , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Ya-Juan Feng
- School of Information Science and Technology , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Yi-Rong Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School of Information Science and Technology , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Teng Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China
| | - Zi-Hang Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Cai-Xin Xu
- School of Information Science and Technology , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , Anhui 230031 , China.,School of Information Science and Technology , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China.,Center for Excellent in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , China
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45
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Teiwes R, Elm J, Bilde M, Pedersen HB. The reaction of hydrated iodide I(H2O)− with ozone: a new route to IO2− products. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17546-17554. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01734h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on an experimental characterization of the isolated reaction of hydrated iodide I(H2O)− with ozone O3 at room temperature performed using a radio-frequency ion trap combined with a quadrupole mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Teiwes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Henrik B. Pedersen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
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46
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Zhang T, Zhang Y, Wen M, Tang Z, Long B, Yu X, Zhao C, Wang W. Effects of water, ammonia and formic acid on HO 2 + Cl reactions under atmospheric conditions: competition between a stepwise route and one elementary step. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21544-21556. [PMID: 35521297 PMCID: PMC9066192 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations at M06-2X and CCSD(T) levels of theory have been performed to investigate the effects of H2O, NH3, and HCOOH on the HO2 + Cl → HCl + O2 reaction. The results show that catalyzed reactions with three catalysts could proceed through two different mechanisms, namely a stepwise route and one elementary step, where the former reaction is more favorable than the latter. Meanwhile, for the stepwise route, a single hydrogen atom transfer pathway in the presence of all catalysts has more advantages than the respective double hydrogen atom transfer pathway. Then, the relative impacts of catalysts under tropospheric conditions were investigated by considering the temperature dependence of the rate constants and the altitude dependence of catalyst concentrations. The calculated results show that at 0 km altitude, the HO2 + Cl → HCl + O2 reaction with catalysts, such as H2O, NH3, or HCOOH, cannot compete with the reaction without a catalyst, as the effective rate constant with a catalyst is smaller by 2–6 orders of magnitude than the naked reaction within the temperature range 280–320 K. The calculated results also show that at altitudes of 5, 10 and 15 km, the effective rate constant of the HCOOH-catalyzed reaction increases obviously with an increase in altitude. At 15 km altitude, its value is up to 9.63 × 10−11 cm3 per molecule per s, which is close to the corresponding value of the reaction without a catalyst, showing that the contribution of HCOOH to the HO2 + Cl → HCl + O2 reaction cannot be neglected at high altitudes. The new findings in this investigation are not only of great necessity and importance for elucidating the gas-phase reaction of HO2 with Cl in the presence of acidic, neutral and basic catalysts, but are also of great interest for understanding the importance of other types of hydrogen abstraction in the atmosphere. The effects of acidic (FA), neutral (WM) and basic (AM) catalysts on the energetic and kinetic aspects of the HO2 + Cl reaction have been studied. At 298 K, the catalytic order of FA, WM and AM is WM > FA > AM.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Wen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Guizhou Minzu University
- Guiyang 550025
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Caibin Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- School of Chemical & Environment Science
- Shaanxi University of Technology
- Hanzhong
- P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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47
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Kildgaard JV, Mikkelsen KV, Bilde M, Elm J. Hydration of Atmospheric Molecular Clusters II: Organic Acid–Water Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8549-8556. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Vive Kildgaard
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, DTU Energy, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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48
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Myllys N, Ponkkonen T, Passananti M, Elm J, Vehkamäki H, Olenius T. Guanidine: A Highly Efficient Stabilizer in Atmospheric New-Particle Formation. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4717-4729. [PMID: 29693391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of a strong organobase, guanidine, in sulfuric acid-driven new-particle formation is studied using state-of-the-art quantum chemical methods and molecular cluster formation simulations. Cluster formation mechanisms at the molecular level are resolved, and theoretical results on cluster stability are confirmed with mass spectrometer measurements. New-particle formation from guanidine and sulfuric acid molecules occurs without thermodynamic barriers under studied conditions, and clusters are growing close to a 1:1 composition of acid and base. Evaporation rates of the most stable clusters are extremely low, which can be explained by the proton transfers and symmetrical cluster structures. We compare the ability of guanidine and dimethylamine to enhance sulfuric acid-driven particle formation and show that more than 2000-fold concentration of dimethylamine is needed to yield as efficient particle formation as in the case of guanidine. At similar conditions, guanidine yields 8 orders of magnitude higher particle formation rates compared to dimethylamine. Highly basic compounds such as guanidine may explain experimentally observed particle formation events at low precursor vapor concentrations, whereas less basic and more abundant bases such as ammonia and amines are likely to explain measurements at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Myllys
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tuomo Ponkkonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Monica Passananti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , DK-8000 Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tinja Olenius
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry and Bolin Centre for Climate Research , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 8 , SE-114 18 Stockholm , Sweden
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49
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Kildgaard JV, Mikkelsen KV, Bilde M, Elm J. Hydration of Atmospheric Molecular Clusters: A New Method for Systematic Configurational Sampling. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5026-5036. [PMID: 29741906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a new systematic configurational sampling algorithm for investigating the potential energy surface of hydrated atmospheric molecular clusters. The algorithm is based on creating a Fibonacci sphere around each atom in the cluster and adding water molecules to each point in nine different orientations. For the sampling of water molecules to existing hydrogen bonds, the cluster is displaced along the hydrogen bond, and a water molecule is placed in between in three different orientations. Generated redundant structures are eliminated based on minimizing the root-mean-square distance of different conformers. Initially, the clusters are sampled using the semiempirical PM6 method and subsequently using density functional theory (M06-2X and ωB97X-D) with the 6-31++G(d,p) basis set. Applying the developed algorithm, we study the hydration of sulfuric acid with up to 15 water molecules. We find that the addition of the first four water molecules "saturate" the sulfuric acid molecule and that they are more thermodynamically favorable than the addition of water molecules 5-15. Using the large generated set of conformers, we assess the performance of approximate methods (ωB97X-D, M06-2X, PW91, and PW6B95-D3) in calculating the binding energies and assigning the global minimum conformation compared to high level CCSD(T)-F12a/VDZ-F12 reference calculations. The tested DFT functionals systematically overestimate the binding energies compared to coupled cluster calculations, and we find that this deficiency can be corrected by a simple scaling factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry and iClimate , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
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50
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Sebastianelli P, Cometto PM, Pereyra RG. Systematic Characterization of Gas Phase Binary Pre-Nucleation Complexes Containing H2SO4 + X, [ X = NH3, (CH3)NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N, H2O, (CH3)OH, (CH3)2O, HF, CH3F, PH3, (CH3)PH2, (CH3)2PH, (CH3)3P, H2S, (CH3)SH, (CH3)2S, HCl, (CH3)Cl)]. A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:2116-2128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sebastianelli
- Fa.M.A.F., Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Uruguay 151, 6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Pablo M. Cometto
- FCEyN, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Uruguay 151, 6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
- Atmospheric Chemical Physics Laboratory, INCITAP-CONICET, Uruguay 151, 6300 Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo G. Pereyra
- Fa.M.A.F., Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- IFEG-CONICET, Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad
Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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