1
|
Klimezak M, Chaud J, Brion A, Bolze F, Frisch B, Heurtault B, Kichler A, Specht A. Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion-Based Photolysis: Applications in Photopharmacology. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400354. [PMID: 38613491 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The emerging field of photopharmacology is a promising chemobiological methodology for optical control of drug activities that could ultimately solve the off-target toxicity outside the disease location of many drugs for the treatment of a given pathology. The use of photolytic reactions looks very attractive for a light-activated drug release but requires to develop photolytic reactions sensitive to red or near-infrared light excitation for better tissue penetration. This review will present the concepts of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion-based photolysis and their recent in vivo applications for light-induced drug delivery using photoactivatable nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Klimezak
- Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST), Équipe Nanoparticules Intelligentes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CBST UMR 7199, Illkirch Cedex, F-67401, France
| | - Juliane Chaud
- Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST), Équipe Nanoparticules Intelligentes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CBST UMR 7199, Illkirch Cedex, F-67401, France
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Anaïs Brion
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Frédéric Bolze
- Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST), Équipe Nanoparticules Intelligentes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CBST UMR 7199, Illkirch Cedex, F-67401, France
| | - Benoit Frisch
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Béatrice Heurtault
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Antoine Kichler
- Inserm UMR_S 1121, EMR 7003 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Alexandre Specht
- Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST), Équipe Nanoparticules Intelligentes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CBST UMR 7199, Illkirch Cedex, F-67401, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Naimovičius L, Radiunas E, Dapkevičius M, Bharmoria P, Moth-Poulsen K, Kazlauskas K. The statistical probability factor in triplet mediated photon upconversion: a case study with perylene. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2023; 11:14826-14832. [PMID: 38013844 PMCID: PMC10621484 DOI: 10.1039/d3tc03158f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is a process where two low-energy photons are converted into one higher-energy photon. A crucial component for an efficient upconversion process is the statistical probability factor (f), defined as the probability of the formation of a high-energy singlet state upon coupling of two low-energy triplet states. Theoretically, f depends on the energy level distribution, molecular orientation, inter-triplet exchange coupling of triplet dyads, and spin-mixing of resulting spin states (singlet, triplet, and quintet). However, experimental values of f for acene-based annihilators have been subject to large variations due to many factors that have resulted in the reporting of different f values for the same molecule. In this work, we discuss these factors by studying perylene as a case study annihilator, for which by far the largest variation in f = 16 to 100% has been reported. We systematically investigated the TTA-UC of PdTPBP:perylene, as a sensitizer-annihilator pair and obtained the experimental f = 17.9 ± 2.1% for perylene in THF solution. This limits the maximum TTA-UC quantum yield to 9.0% (out of 50%) for this annihilator. We found that such a low f value for perylene is largely governed by the energy-gap law where higher non-radiative losses due to the small energy gap between 2 × T1 and T2 affect the probability of singlet formation. Interestingly, we found this observation true for other acene-based annihilators whose emission ranges from the UV to the yellow region, thus providing a blueprint for future design of efficient TTA-UC systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Naimovičius
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University Saulėtekio Av. 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Radiunas
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University Saulėtekio Av. 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Manvydas Dapkevičius
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University Saulėtekio Av. 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Pankaj Bharmoria
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research & Advanced Studies, ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE Eduard Maristany 10-14 08019 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemivagen 4 Gothenburg 412 96 Sweden
| | - Karolis Kazlauskas
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University Saulėtekio Av. 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Zhang J, Zhu SE, Wei Y, Zhang F, Chen L, Zhou X, Liu S. Efficient Red-to-Blue Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Using the C 70-Bodipy-Triphenylamine Triad as a Heavy-Atom-Free Triplet Photosensitizer. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:8476-8486. [PMID: 37606596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) with heavy-atom-free organic triplet photosensitizers has attracted extensive attention recently, however, the successful examples with absorption in red and first near-infrared (NIR-I, 650-900 nm) region are still insufficient. Herein, we conducted a new TTA-UC system of perylene using C70-bodipy-triphenylamine triad (C70-BDP-T) as the heavy-atom-free photosensitizer. Efficient red-to-blue (663 to 450 nm) TTA-UC was achieved in this system with an anti-Stokes shift of 0.88 eV and a quantum yield up to 5.2% (out of a 50% maximum) in deaerated toluene. Notably, this is the highest quantum yield to date in similar TTA-UC systems with heavy-atom-free organic photosensitizers. Using steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopy, together with cyclic voltammogram and quantum chemical calculations, photophysical and photochemical mechanisms were elucidated. Specifically, two triplet triads, C70-3BDP*-T and 3C70*-BDP-T, were produced efficiently upon photoexcitation, with lifetimes of 2.0 ± 0.1 and 32.2 ± 0.3 μs, respectively. Electron transfer and recombination mechanisms were confirmed to play crucial roles in the formation of these triplets, instead of intersystem crossing. Our results shed light on the superiority of fullerenes in the development of heavy-atom-free photosensitizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - San-E Zhu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yaxiong Wei
- School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Naimovičius L, Bharmoria P, Moth-Poulsen K. Triplet-triplet annihilation mediated photon upconversion solar energy systems. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS 2023; 7:2297-2315. [PMID: 37313216 PMCID: PMC10259159 DOI: 10.1039/d3qm00069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy harvesting is among the best solutions for a global transition toward carbon-neutral energy technologies. The existing solar energy harvesting technologies like photovoltaics (PV) and emerging molecular concepts such as solar fuels and molecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST) are rapidly developing. However, to realize their full potential, fundamental solar energy loss channels like photon transmission, recombination, and thermalization need to be addressed. Triplet-triplet annihilation mediated photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is emerging as a way to overcome losses due to the transmission of photons below the PV/chromophore band gap. However, there are several challenges related to the integration of efficient solid-state TTA-UC systems into efficient devices such as: wide band absorption, materials sustainability, and device architecture. In this article, we review existing work, identify and discuss challenges as well as present our perspective toward possible future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Naimovičius
- The Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Vilnius University Saulėtekio av. 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Pankaj Bharmoria
- The Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- The Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research & Advanced Studies, ICREA Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE Eduard Maristany 10-14 08019 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemivagen 4 Gothenburg 412 96 Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prieto-Montero R, Díaz Andres A, Prieto-Castañeda A, Tabero A, Longarte A, Agarrabeitia AR, Villanueva A, Ortiz MJ, Montero R, Casanova D, Martínez-Martínez V. Halogen-free photosensitizers based on meso-enamine-BODIPYs for bioimaging and photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 11:169-179. [PMID: 36484323 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01515c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The search for efficient heavy atom free photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a very active field. We describe herein a simple and easily accessible molecular design based on the attachment of an enamine group as an electron-donor moiety at the meso position of the BODIPY core with different alkylation patterns. The effect of the alkylation degree and solvent polarity on the photophysical properties in terms of splitting absorption bands, fluorescence efficiencies and singlet oxygen production is analyzed in depth experimentally using spectroscopic techniques, including femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption (fs- and ns-TA) and using computational simulations based on time-dependent density functional theory. The correlation between the theoretical/experimental results permits the rationalization of the observed photophysical behavior exhibited by meso-enamine-BODIPY compounds and the determination of mechanistic details, which rule the population of the triplet state manifold. The potential applicability as a theragnostic agent for the most promising compound is demonstrated through in vitro assays in HeLa cells by analyzing the internalization, localization and phototoxic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Aitor Díaz Andres
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Tabero
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Longarte
- Spectroscopy Laboratory, Departamento Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonia R Agarrabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Sección Departamental de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Arcos de Jalón 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Villanueva
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Montero
- SGiker Laser Facility, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Glaser F, Wenger OS. Sensitizer-controlled photochemical reactivity via upconversion of red light. Chem Sci 2022; 14:149-161. [PMID: 36605743 PMCID: PMC9769107 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining the energy input from two red photons, chemical reactions that would normally require blue or ultraviolet irradiation become accessible. Key advantages of this biphotonic excitation strategy are that red light usually penetrates deeper into complex reaction mixtures and causes less photo-damage than direct illumination in the blue or ultraviolet. Here, we demonstrate that the primary light-absorber of a dual photocatalytic system comprised of a transition metal-based photosensitizer and an organic co-catalyst can completely alter the reaction outcome. Photochemical reductions are achieved with a copper(i) complex in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor, whereas oxidative substrate activation occurs with an osmium(ii) photosensitizer. Based on time-resolved laser spectroscopy, this changeover in photochemical reactivity is due to different underlying biphotonic mechanisms. Following triplet energy transfer from the osmium(ii) photosensitizer to 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) and subsequent triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, the fluorescent singlet excited state of DCA triggers oxidative substrate activation, which initiates the cis to trans isomerization of an olefin, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition, an aryl ether to ester rearrangement, and a Newman-Kwart rearrangement. This oxidative substrate activation stands in contrast to the reactivity with a copper(i) photosensitizer, where photoinduced electron transfer generates the DCA radical anion, which upon further excitation triggers reductive dehalogenations and detosylations. Our study provides the proof-of-concept for controlling the outcome of a red-light driven biphotonic reaction by altering the photosensitizer, and this seems relevant in the greater context of tailoring photochemical reactivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056 BaselSwitzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056 BaselSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Liu X, Taddei M, Bussotti L, Kurganskii I, Li M, Jiang X, Xing L, Ji S, Huo Y, Zhao J, Di Donato M, Wan Y, Zhao Z, Fedin MV. Red Light‐Emitting Thermally‐Activated Delayed Fluorescence of Naphthalimide‐Phenoxazine Electron Donor‐Acceptor Dyad: Time‐Resolved Optical and Magnetic Spectroscopic Studies. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200510. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Maria Taddei
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Laura Bussotti
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Ivan Kurganskii
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Minjie Li
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE) School of Environmental Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Longjiang Xing
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- Light Industry and Chemical Engineering College Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
- ICCOM-CNR via Madonna del Piano 10–12 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Matvey V. Fedin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and Novosibirsk State University 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fatima A, Rabah J, Allard E, Fensterbank H, Wright K, Burdzinski G, Clavier G, Sliwa M, Pino T, Méallet-Renault R, Steenkeste K, Ha-Thi MH. Selective population of triplet excited states in heavy-atom-free BODIPY-C 60 based molecular assemblies. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1573-1584. [PMID: 35612713 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photophysical studies on a BODIPY-fullerene-distyryl BODIPY triad (BDP-C60-DSBDP) and its reference dyads (BODIPY-fullerene; BDP-C60 and distyryl BODIPY-fullerene; DSBDP-C60) are presented herein. In the triad, the association of the two chromophore units linked by a fullerene moiety leads to strong near UV-Visible light absorption from 300 to 700 nm. The triplet-excited state was observed upon visible excitation in all these assemblies, and shown to be localized on the C60 or BODIPY moieties. Using quantitative nanosecond transient absorption, we provide a complete investigation on the lifetime and formation quantum yield of the triplet-excited state. In the BDP-C60 dyad, the triplet excited state of C60 (τ = 7 ± 1 μs) was obtained with a quantum yield of 40 ± 8%. For the DSBDP-C60 dyad and BDP-C60-DSBDP triad, a longer-lived triplet excited state with a lifetime of around 250 ± 20 μs centered on the DSBDP moiety was formed, with respective quantum yields of 37 ± 8 and 20 ± 4%. Triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion is characterized in the BDP-C60 dyad and the bichromophoric triad in the presence of perylene and DSBDP-monomer as respective annihilators. The photo-induced formation of a long-lived 3DSBDP* in the triad coupled with panchromatic light absorption offers potential applications as a heavy-atom-free organic triplet photosensitizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anam Fatima
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jad Rabah
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Emmanuel Allard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France.
| | - Hélène Fensterbank
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Karen Wright
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Gotard Burdzinski
- Adam Mickiewicz Univ in Poznan, Fac Phys, Quantum Elect Lab, 61614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Gilles Clavier
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Sliwa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIRE, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, 59 000, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Pino
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Rachel Méallet-Renault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Karine Steenkeste
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Minh-Huong Ha-Thi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vasilev A, Kostadinov A, Kandinska M, Landfester K, Baluschev S. Tetrathienothiophene Porphyrin as a Metal-Free Sensitizer for Room-Temperature Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion. Front Chem 2022; 10:809863. [PMID: 35559213 PMCID: PMC9086237 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.809863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Optically excited triplet states of organic molecules serve as an energy pool for the subsequent processes, either photon energy downhill, such as room temperature phosphorescence, or photon energy uphill process—the triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC). Manifestation of a high intersystem crossing coefficient is an unavoidable requirement for triplet state formation, following the absorption of a single photon. This requirement is even more inevitable if the excitation light is non-coherent, with moderate intensity and extremely low spectral power density, when compared with the light parameters of 1 Sun (1.5 AM). Coordination of a heavy atom increases substantially the probability of intersystem crossing. Nevertheless, having in mind the global shortage in precious and rare-earth metals, identification of metal-free organic moieties able to form triplet states becomes a prerequisite for environmental friendly optoelectronic technologies. This motivates us to synthesize a metal-free thienothiophene containing porphyrin, based on a condensation reaction between thienothiophene-2-carbaldehyde and pyrrole in an acidic medium by modified synthetic protocol. The upconversion couple tetrathienothiophene porphyrin/rubrene when excited at λ = 658 nm demonstrates bright, delayed fluorescence with a maximum emission at λ = 555 nm. This verifies our hypothesis that the ISC coefficient in thienothiophene porphyrin is efficient in order to create even at room temperature and low-intensity optical excitation densely populated organic triplet ensemble and is suitable for photon energy uphill processes, which makes this type of metal-free sensitizers even more important for optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Vasilev
- University of Sofia “Saint Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Meglena Kandinska
- University of Sofia “Saint Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Katharina Landfester, ; Stanislav Baluschev,
| | - Stanislav Baluschev
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
- University of Sofia “Saint Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Physics, Sofia, Bulgaria
- *Correspondence: Katharina Landfester, ; Stanislav Baluschev,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahmad W, Wang J, Li H, Ouyang Q, Wu W, Chen Q. Strategies for combining triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion sensitizers and acceptors in a host matrix. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
11
|
Wei Y, Xian H, Lv X, Ni F, Cao X, Yang C. Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion with reversible emission-tunability induced by chemical-stimuli: a remote modulator for photocontrol isomerization. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:606-611. [PMID: 34821277 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01590c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) has been widely studied, but a color-tunable TTA-UC system triggered by chemical stimuli has not yet been proposed. Herein, reversible acid/base switching of the TTA-UC emission wavelength is achieved for the first time by a simple platform, composed of a direct singlet-triplet (S0-T1) absorption photosensitizer, and proton-responsive 9,10-di(pyridin-4-yl)anthracene (DPyA) as an acceptor. The photosensitizer-acceptor pair exhibits efficient UC emission (quantum yield up to 3.3%, and anti-Stokes shift up to 0.92 eV) with remarkable contrast upon base/acid treatment (Δλem,max = 82 nm, 0.46 eV). In a proof-of-concept study, the color-adjustable TTA-UC emission was applied as a remote modulator to photo-control reversible chemical reactions for the first time. This platform enriches the portfolio of color-switchable TTA-UC, and the mechanism would inspire further development of smart UC systems and extend the application field of upconversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hou Y, Liu J, Zhang N, Zhao J. Long-Lived Local Triplet Excited State and Charge Transfer State of 4,4'-Dimethoxy Triphenylamine-BODIPY Compact Electron Donor/Acceptor Dyads. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9360-9374. [PMID: 33140645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) and the formation of a long-lived charge transfer (CT) state were studied with a series of 4,4'-dimethoxy triphenylamine-BODIPY compact electron donor/acceptor dyads. Different torsion freedoms were applied in the dyads to tune the electronic coupling between the donor and acceptor, and a red-shifted CT absorption band was observed for one dyad. The dyads show solvent polarity-dependent singlet oxygen photosensitizing ability (quantum yields 3%-79%). Nanosecond transient absorption spectra of the dyad in nonpolar solvent confirm the formation of triplet states. The intrinsic triplet state lifetime is up to 383 μs (in fluid solution), which is much longer than that accessed with the heavy atom effect (276 μs). Intermolecular triplet photosensitizing of the dyads in a polar solvent produces a long-lived 3CT state (lifetime, τCT = 8.0 μs supported by the electron spin density surface analysis). The triplet state lifetime of the dyads doped in a Clear Flex 50 polymer film is exceptionally long (7.6-11.4 ms), and formation of a long-lived CT state (37 μs) was observed. Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion was performed with the electron donor/acceptor dyads used as the triplet photosensitizer and perylene used as the triplet acceptor; the upconversion quantum yield is up to 15.8%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jinling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Awwad N, Bui AT, Danilov EO, Castellano FN. Visible-Light-Initiated Free-Radical Polymerization by Homomolecular Triplet-Triplet Annihilation. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
14
|
Oddo AM, Mani T, Kumar CV. Micelles Embedded in Multiphasic Protein Hydrogel Enable Efficient and Air-Tolerant Triplet Fusion Upconversion with Heavy-Atom and Spin-Orbit Charge-Transfer Sensitizers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39293-39303. [PMID: 32805935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The applications of triplet-triplet annihilation-based photon upconversion (TTA-UC) in solar devices have been limited by the challenges in designing a TTA-UC system that is efficient under aerobic conditions. Efficient TTA-UC under aerobic conditions is typically accomplished by using soft matter or solid-state media, which succeed at protecting the triplet excited states of upconverters (sensitizer and annihilator) from quenching by molecular oxygen but fail at preserving their mobility, thus limiting the TTA-UC efficiency (ΦUC). We showcase a protein/lipid hydrogel that succeeded in doing both of the above due to its unique multiphasic design, with a high ΦUC of 19.0 ± 0.7% using a palladium octaethylporphyrin sensitizer. This hydrogel was made via an industrially compatible method using low-cost and eco-friendly materials: bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and water. A dense BSA network provided oxygen protection while the encapsulation of upconverters within a micellar SDS environment preserved upconverter mobility, ensuring near-unity triplet energy transfer efficiency. In addition to heavy atom-containing sensitizers, several completely organic, spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) Bodipy-based sensitizers were also studied; one of which achieved a ΦUC of 3.5 ± 0.2%, the only reported SOCT-ISC-sensitized ΦUC in soft matter to date. These high efficiencies showed that our multiphasic design was an excellent platform for air-tolerant TTA-UC and that it can be easily adapted to a variety of upconverters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Oddo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Tomoyasu Mani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Challa V Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- The Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Two new Bodipy-carbazole derivatives as metal-free photosensitizers in photocatalytic oxidation of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
16
|
Kiseleva N, Busko D, Richards BS, Filatov MA, Turshatov A. Determination of Upconversion Quantum Yields Using Charge-Transfer State Fluorescence of Heavy-Atom-Free Sensitizer as a Self-Reference. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6560-6566. [PMID: 32702988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of photon upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation is characterized by an upconversion quantum yield (ΦUC); however, uncertainties remain for its determination. Here, we present a new approach for the relative measurement of ΦUC for green-to-blue upconversion using BODIPY-pyrene donor-acceptor dyad (BD1) as a heavy-atom-free triplet sensitizer. This new approach exploits broad fluorescence from a charge-transfer (CT) state of BD1, which possesses (i) a significant Stokes shift of 181 nm in dichloromethane and (ii) a comparably high CT-fluorescence quantum yield (Φref = 7.0 ± 0.2%), which is independent from oxygen presence and emitter (perylene) concentration while also exhibiting a linear intensity dependence. On the basis of this, we developed an upconversion reference using the BD1 sensitizer mixed with perylene (1 × 10-5 M/1 × 10-4 M) in dichloromethane. With this reference system, we investigated the performance of three BODIPY donor-acceptor dyads in the upconversion process and achieved one of the highest ΦUC of 6.9 ± 0.2% observed for heavy-atom-free sensitizers to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kiseleva
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Busko
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mikhail A Filatov
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshofen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hou Y, Kurganskii I, Elmali A, Zhang H, Gao Y, Lv L, Zhao J, Karatay A, Luo L, Fedin M. Electronic coupling and spin-orbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC) in compact BDP-carbazole dyads with different mutual orientations of the electron donor and acceptor. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:114701. [PMID: 32199436 DOI: 10.1063/1.5145052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the spin-orbit charge transfer induced intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC), Bodipy (BDP)-carbazole (Cz) compact electron donor/acceptor dyads were prepared. Charge transfer (CT) emission bands were observed for dyads showing strong electronic coupling between the donor and the acceptor (coupling matrix elements VDA, 0.06 eV-0.18 eV). Depending on the coupling magnitude, the CT state of the dyads can be either dark or emissive. Equilibrium between the 1LE (locally excited) state and the 1CT state was confirmed by temperature-dependent fluorescence studies. Efficient ISC was observed for the dyads with Cz connected at the meso-position of the BDP. Interestingly, the dyad with non-orthogonal geometry shows the highest ISC efficiency (ΦΔ = 58%), which is different from the previous conclusion. The photo-induced charge separation (CS, time constant: 0.7 ps) and charge recombination (CR, ∼3.9 ns) were studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy indicated that the BDP-localized triplet state was exceptionally long-lived (602 µs). Using pulsed laser excited time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the SOCT-ISC mechanism was confirmed, and we show that the electron spin polarization of the triplet state is highly dependent on the mutual orientation of the donor and acceptor. The dyads were used as triplet photosensitizers for triplet-triplet-annihilation (TTA) upconversion, and the quantum yield is up to 6.7%. TTA-based delayed fluorescence was observed for the dyads (τDF = 41.5 µs). The dyads were also used as potent photodynamic therapy reagents (light toxicity of IC50 = 0.1 µM and dark toxicity of IC50 = 70.8 µM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Rd., Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivan Kurganskii
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ayhan Elmali
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huimin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Lv
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, TianShui, GanSu 741001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Rd., Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmet Karatay
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Beşevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Liang Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Matvey Fedin
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, and Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodrigues AD, Marcotte N, Quignard F, Deabate S, Robitzer M, Lerner DA. Original synthesis and spectroscopic study of thiophene triazine derivatives with enhanced luminescence properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117708. [PMID: 31703995 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward access to π-conjugated oligothiophenes bearing amino-rich groups was developed. Palladium-catalyzed C-H arylation applied in the main step of the synthesis allowed to couple 2-thiophenecarbonitriles and aryl bromides with moderate to excellent yields (35-93%). Then, to improve their basic fluorescence properties, these compounds were transformed into their 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives, also with good to excellent yields (74-98%). UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence studies identified a strongly emissive molecule (fluorescence quantum yield: ΦF = 0.78 ± 0.05), which could find use in sensors for applications in biology and in material chemistry. We observed an antagonistic effect in the spectroscopic properties of oligothiophenes bearing 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, resulting in improved absorptive and emissive properties for more constrained structures having shorter oligothiophenes chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alysson Duarte Rodrigues
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Ecole National Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 240 Avenue du Professeur E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nathalie Marcotte
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Ecole National Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 240 Avenue du Professeur E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Stefano Deabate
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM - UMR, 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Ecole National Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 240 Avenue du Professeur E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mike Robitzer
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Ecole National Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 240 Avenue du Professeur E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Dan A Lerner
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Ecole National Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 240 Avenue du Professeur E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee Y, Malamakal RM, Chenoweth DM, Anna JM. Halogen Bonding Facilitates Intersystem Crossing in Iodo-BODIPY Chromophores. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:877-884. [PMID: 31931562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BODIPY chromophores can serve as organic-based triplet photosensitizers for a wide range of applications. To perform this function, the formation of the triplet state is critical, and a better understanding of how to modulate the formation of the triplet state could lead to further advances in BODIPY-based sensitizers for solar energy conversion and photodynamic therapy. In this work we investigate the ability of halogen bonding, a noncovalent solvent interaction, to facilitate intersystem crossing in a diiodo-BODIPY. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy is applied to diiodo-BODIPY in the presence of pyridine-based halogen bonding solvent molecules to determine the rate constants for intersystem crossing. We find that halogen bonding facilitates the formation of the triplet state by increasing the intersystem crossing rate constant of diiodo-BODIPY. The results are interpreted in terms of the Marcus expression for intersystem crossing. Quantum chemical calculations show that halogen bonding acts to alter both the spin-orbit coupling terms and the relative energetics of the singlet and triplet states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Lee
- University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34 Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| | - Roy M Malamakal
- University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34 Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| | - David M Chenoweth
- University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34 Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| | - Jessica M Anna
- University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34 Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Morpholino-Substituted BODIPY Species: Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemical Studies. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) chromophores at the 2,6-positions with iodo substituents and morpholino-substituted α-methyl groups affords molecules with strong absorbance in the visible spectrum. The effect of such substitution on the solid-state arrangements, absorption, fluorescence and electronic properties of these dye molecules is reported. The spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical measurements display intense absorptions in the UV-visible spectrum with bathochromic shifts, in comparison to unfunctionalized BODIPY, and a positive shift in redox potentials due to functionalisation of the BODIPY core. Halogen bonds are observed in the solid-state structures of both halogenated BODIPY species, which in one case leads to the formation of an unusual halogen bonded framework.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wei Y, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Zhang S, Zhang B, Zhou X, Liu S. Solvent effects on triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion kinetics of perylene with a Bodipy-phenyl-C 60 photosensitizer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26372-26382. [PMID: 33179633 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04230g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The solvent effect usually plays an important role in triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion processes. In this work, we have studied the TTA upconversion kinetics of perylene with Bodipy-phenyl-C60 as the triplet photosensitizer in five solvents, 1,4-dioxane, dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran (THF). Although no significant solvent effect was observed in steady-state absorption and fluorescence emission spectra, the overall TTA upconversion quantum yields showed a profound dependence on solvent properties, i.e. 4.9% in 1,4-dioxane, 7.1% in dichlorobenzene, 6.7% in chlorobenzene, 4.6% in toluene, and 2.2% in THF (the maximum of 50%). Each elementary reaction step involved in the overall process was analyzed by applying femtosecond and nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing that the fluorescence emission of perylene was more significantly affected by the solvents in contrast to the other steps. Moreover, an extra intramolecular energy-transfer pathway of Bodipy-phenyl-C60 was found via the formation of charge-separated states in dichlorobenzene, chlorobenzene, and THF solvents, once being excited. These conclusions provide valuable clues to choose the most favorable solvent for the higher TTA upconversion efficiency in related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiménez J, Prieto-Montero R, Maroto BL, Moreno F, Ortiz MJ, Oliden-Sánchez A, López-Arbeloa I, Martínez-Martínez V, de la Moya S. Manipulating Charge-Transfer States in BODIPYs: A Model Strategy to Rapidly Develop Photodynamic Theragnostic Agents. Chemistry 2019; 26:601-605. [PMID: 31846138 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of a family of BINOL (1,1'-bi-2-naphthol)-based O-BODIPY (dioxyboron dipyrromethene) dyes, it is demonstrated that chemical manipulation of the chromophoric push-pull character, by playing with the electron-donating capability of the BINOL moiety (BINOL versus 3,3'-dibromoBINOL) and with the electron-acceptor ability of the BODIPY core (alkyl substitution degree), is a workable strategy to finely balance fluorescence (singlet-state emitting action) versus the capability to photogenerate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (triplet-state photosensitizing action). It is also shown that the promotion of a suitable charge-transfer character in the involved chromophore upon excitation enhances the probability of an intersystem crossing phenomenon, which is required to populate the triple state enabling singlet oxygen production. The reported strategy opens up new perspectives for rapid development of smarter agents for photodynamic theragnosis, including heavy-atom-free agents, from a selected organic fluorophore precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josué Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Beatriz L Maroto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Florencio Moreno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Oliden-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iñigo López-Arbeloa
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Öztürk E, Eserci H, Okutan E. Perylenebisimide-fullerene dyads as heavy atom free triplet photosensitizers with unique singlet oxygen generation efficiencies. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
24
|
Prieto-Montero R, Sola-Llano R, Montero R, Longarte A, Arbeloa T, López-Arbeloa I, Martínez-Martínez V, Lacombe S. Methylthio BODIPY as a standard triplet photosensitizer for singlet oxygen production: a photophysical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:20403-20414. [PMID: 31498337 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03454d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A complete photophysical study on the iodinated-BODIPY, 3,5-dimethyl-2,6-diiodo-8-thiomethyl-pyrromethene (MeSBDP), demonstrated that it is an excellent triplet photosensitizer for singlet oxygen production in a broad range of apolar and polar solvents. Besides its absorption and fluorescence emission spectra, the dynamics of its excited states including its intersystem crossing rate was characterized by femtosecond transient experiments. The photophysical study of its triplet state by nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and phosphorescence emission concluded to a diffusion-controlled quenching of 3MeSBDP by O2 and to a fraction of triplet state quenching by O2 close to unity. The high (>0.87) and solvent-insensitive singlet oxygen quantum yield φΔ measured by singlet oxygen phosphorescence emission, together with the noticeable photostability of MeSBSP, as well as the absence of quenching of singlet oxygen by MeSBDP itself, allows claiming it as an alternative standard photosensitizer for singlet oxygen production, under excitation either in the UV or in the visible range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Molecular Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wei Y, Zheng M, Chen L, Zhou X, Liu S. Near-infrared to violet triplet-triplet annihilation fluorescence upconversion of Os(ii) complexes by strong spin-forbidden transition. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11763-11771. [PMID: 31298244 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02276g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Three Os(ii) complexes were synthesized with ligands 2,2'-dipyridyl (dipy), 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate (phen), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (diphen), and applied as triplet photosensitizers for triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) fluorescence upconversion. The strong spin-orbital coupling made direct spin-forbidden transition of S0-T1 feasible. Lifetimes of the lowest triplet state of these complexes were determined to be 107 ns, 373 ns, and 386 ns for Os-dipy, Os-phen, and Os-diphen, respectively, using nanosecond transient absorption spectra. From steady-state phosphorescence emission spectra, energies of the triplet states were derived to be 1.75 eV, 1.80 eV, and 1.74 eV for Os-dipy, Os-phen, and Os-diphen, respectively. Using these photosensitizers, strong upconverted fluorescence of the triplet acceptors, 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA), perylene, and 9,10-bis(phenethynyl) anthracene (BPEA), was observed in the visible to violet range. In particular, fluorescence emission with the largest anti-Stokes shift of 1.14 eV was observed for the Os-phen/DPA system, and the upconverted quantum yield was determined as 5.9% in deoxygenated dichloroethane. Additionally, upconversion was determined in air using mixtures of dichloroethane and DMSO solvents, and the maximal quantum yield was measured to be 4.5% for Os-phen/DPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Shilin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wei Y, Zheng M, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Liu S. Application of a bodipy-C 70 dyad in triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion of perylene as a metal-free photosensitizer. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:5598-5608. [PMID: 30027981 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bodipy-C70 dyad was synthesized and applied in triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion of perylene as a novel metal-free organic photosensitizer. The photophysical processes were investigated by the methods of steady-state UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, nanosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations. The bodipy-C70 dyad showed an increased molar extinction coefficient up to 82 300 mol-1 cm-1 at 518 nm compared with the C70 monomer. With photo-excitation of the bodipy moiety at 532 nm, the intramolecular singlet-singlet energy transfer between bodipy and C70 units was efficient with a quantum yield of nearly 100%, and the lowest triplet state of the dyad was subsequently populated via ISC of the C70 moiety, with a lifetime of ca. 80 μs in toluene. Electrochemical investigation suggested that the intramolecular electron transfer of the excited dyad was thermodynamically prohibited in toluene due to the positive ΔGCS for charge-separation. With the presence of perylene in solution as the triplet energy acceptor and emitter, the TTA upconverted fluorescence was observed with a maximum quantum yield of 10.3%. The overall upconversion capability of 4417 M-1 cm-1 exceeded that of C70 approximately two-fold. Moreover, the bodipy-C70 dyad also exhibited an enhanced optical stability under intense irradiation. All data indicated that the dyad was another ideal photosensitizer for TTA upconversion of perylene in the fullerene derivative family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hou CL, Yao Y, Wang D, Zhang J, Zhang JL. Orthogonally arranged tripyrrin–BODIPY conjugates with an “edge to plane” mode. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular conjugates consisting of BODIPY and tripyrrin dyes in new “edge to plane” mode with modulated energy transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Hou
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Da Wang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Buck JT, Boudreau AM, DeCarmine A, Wilson RW, Hampsey J, Mani T. Spin-Allowed Transitions Control the Formation of Triplet Excited States in Orthogonal Donor-Acceptor Dyads. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
29
|
Ma J, Chen S, Ye C, Li M, Liu T, Wang X, Song Y. A green solvent for operating highly efficient low-power photon upconversion in air. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14516-14520. [PMID: 31069357 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01296f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
d-Limonene, obtained from the rind of citrus fruits, was demonstrated as a green solvent to realize air-stable and highly efficient triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC). This natural low-toxic compound also contributed to noncoherent UC excited by a solar simulator in air, making TTA-UC materials promising candidates in solar energy and other practical applications. The rapid deoxygenating ability of d-limonene was thoroughly investigated. This system demonstrated very good UC performance for a fluid solution under ambient conditions. Besides, other eight types of terpene were also explored to enrich the alternatives for air-stable TTA-UC in protic and aprotic fluidic environments. This work provides a terpene-based protective platform for oxygen-sensitive TTA-UC applications ranging from life science to photonic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsuo Ma
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Shuoran Chen
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Changqing Ye
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Teng Liu
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Research Centre for Green Printing Nanophotonic Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P. R. China.
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Towards efficient solid-state triplet–triplet annihilation based photon upconversion: Supramolecular, macromolecular and self-assembled systems. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
31
|
Montero R, Martínez-Martínez V, Longarte A, Epelde-Elezcano N, Palao E, Lamas I, Manzano H, Agarrabeitia AR, López Arbeloa I, Ortiz MJ, Garcia-Moreno I. Singlet Fission Mediated Photophysics of BODIPY Dimers. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:641-646. [PMID: 29337574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The photodynamics of an orthogonal BODIPY dimer, particularly the formation of triplet states, has been explored by femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption measurements. The short time scale data show the appearance of transient features of triplet character that, according to quantitative analysis of their intensities, account for more than 100% of the initially excited molecules, which reveals the occurrence of a singlet fission process in the isolated dimers. The formation rate of the triplet correlated state 1(TT) is found to depend on the solvent polarity, pointing to the mediation of a charge transfer character state. The dissociation of the 1(TT) state into pairs of individual triplets determines the triplet yield measured in the long time scales. The kinetic model derived from the results provides a comprehensive view of the photodynamics of BODIPY dimers and permits rationalization of the photophysical parameters of these systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Montero
- SGIKER Laser, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU , Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Palao
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hegoi Manzano
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU , Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonia R Agarrabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Garcia-Moreno
- Departamento de Sistemas de Baja Dimensionalidad Superficies y Materia Condensada, Instituto Química Física "Rocasolano" C.S.I.C. , Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li K, Cui J, Yang Z, Huo Y, Duan W, Gong S, Liu Z. Solvatochromism, acidochromism and aggregation-induced emission of propeller-shaped spiroborates. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15002-15008. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Propeller-shaped pyridyl-enolato-catecholate/-salicyl spiroborates (Sborepy1–6) were synthesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jichun Cui
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zeren Yang
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Huo
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzeng Duan
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Gong
- Institute of Functional Organic Molecules and Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)
- Nanjing
- P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wei Y, Zhou M, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Liu S, Zhang S, Zhang B. Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion kinetics of C60–Bodipy dyads as organic triplet photosensitizers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22049-22060. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03840b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Three new triplet photosensitizers consisting of a bodipy derivative and C60 moieties were synthesized for triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion of perylene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Qiaohui Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics
| | - Shilin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| |
Collapse
|