1
|
Avramopoulos A, Reis H, Tzeli D, Zaleśny R, Papadopoulos MG. Photoswitchable Molecular Units with Tunable Nonlinear Optical Activity: A Theoretical Investigation. Molecules 2023; 28:5646. [PMID: 37570617 PMCID: PMC10419997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The first-, second-, and third-order molecular nonlinear optical properties, including two-photon absorption of a series of derivatives, involving two dithienylethene (DTE) groups connected by several molecular linkers (bis(ethylene-1,2-dithiolato)Ni- (NiBDT), naphthalene, quasilinear oligothiophene chains), are investigated by employing density functional theory (DFT). These properties can be efficiently controlled by DTE switches, in connection with light of appropriate frequency. NiBDT, as a linker, is associated with a greater contrast, in comparison to naphthalene, between the first and second hyperpolarizabilities of the "open-open" and the "closed-closed" isomers. This is explained by invoking the low-lying excited states of NiBDT. It is shown that the second hyperpolarizability can be used as an index, which follows the structural changes induced by photochromism. Assuming a Förster type transfer mechanism, the intramolecular excited-state energy transfer (EET) mechanism is studied. Two important parameters related to this are computed: the electronic coupling (VDA) between the donor and acceptor fragments as well as the overlap between the absorption and emission spectra of the donor and acceptor groups. NiBDT as a linker is associated with a low electronic coupling, VDA, value. We found that VDA is affected by molecular geometry. Our results predict that the linker strongly influences the communication between the open-closed DTE groups. The sensitivity of the molecular nonlinear optical properties could assist with identification of molecular isomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heribert Reis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (H.R.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Demeter Tzeli
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Robert Zaleśny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Manthos G. Papadopoulos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (H.R.); (M.G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poidevin C, Duplaix-Rata G, Costuas K, Fihey A. Evaluation of tight-binding DFT performance for the description of organic photochromes properties. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:074303. [PMID: 36813718 DOI: 10.1063/5.0133418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochromic molecules are widely studied and developed for their many potential applications. To optimize the required properties through theoretical models, a considerable chemical space is to be explored, and their environment in devices is to be accounted for.. To this end, cheap and reliable computational methods can be powerful tools to steer synthetic developments. As ab initio methods remain costly for extensive studies (in terms of the size of the system and/or number of molecules), semiempirical methods such as density functional tight-binding (TB) could offer a good compromise between accuracy computational cost. However, these approaches necessitate benchmarking on the families of compounds of interest. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the accuracy of several key features calculated with TB methods (DFTB2, DFTB3, GFN2-xTB, and LC-DFTB2) for three sets of photochromic organic molecules: azobenzene (AZO), norbornadiene/quadricyclane (NBD/QC), and dithienylethene (DTE) derivatives. The features considered here are the optimized geometries, the difference in energy between the two isomers (ΔE), and of the energies of the first relevant excited states. All the TB results are compared to those obtained with DFT methods and state-of-the-art electronic structure calculation methods: DLPNO-CCSD(T) for ground states and DLPNO-STEOM-CCSD for excited states. Our results show that, overall, DFTB3 is the TB method leading to the best results for the geometries and the ΔE values and can be used alone for these purposes for NBD/QC and DTE derivatives. Single point calculations at the r2SCAN-3c level using TB geometries allow circumventing the deficiencies of the TB methods in the AZO series. For electronic transition calculations, the range separated LC-DFTB2 method is the most accurate TB method tested for AZO and NBD/QC derivatives, in close agreement with the reference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Poidevin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gwenhaël Duplaix-Rata
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Karine Costuas
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Fihey
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
"On-The-Fly" Non-Adiabatic Dynamics Simulations on Photoinduced Ring-Closing Reaction of a Nucleoside-Based Diarylethene Photoswitch. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092724. [PMID: 34066431 PMCID: PMC8125013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside-based diarylethenes are emerging as an especial class of photochromic compounds that have potential applications in regulating biological systems using noninvasive light with high spatio-temporal resolution. However, relevant microscopic photochromic mechanisms at atomic level of these novel diarylethenes remain to be explored. Herein, we have employed static electronic structure calculations (MS-CASPT2//M06-2X, MS-CASPT2//SA-CASSCF) in combination with non-adiabatic dynamics simulations to explore the related photoinduced ring-closing reaction of a typical nucleoside-based diarylethene photoswitch, namely, PS-IV. Upon excitation with UV light, the open form PS-IV can be excited to a spectroscopically bright S1 state. After that, the molecule relaxes to the conical intersection region within 150 fs according to the barrierless relaxed scan of the C1–C6 bond, which is followed by an immediate deactivation to the ground state. The conical intersection structure is very similar to the ground state transition state structure which connects the open and closed forms of PS-IV, and therefore plays a crucial role in the photochromism of PS-IV. Besides, after analyzing the hopping structures, we conclude that the ring closing reaction cannot complete in the S1 state alone since all the C1–C6 distances of the hopping structures are larger than 2.00 Å. Once hopping to the ground state, the molecules either return to the original open form of PS-IV or produce the closed form of PS-IV within 100 fs, and the ring closing quantum yield is estimated to be 56%. Our present work not only elucidates the ultrafast photoinduced pericyclic reaction of the nucleoside-based diarylethene PS-IV, but can also be helpful for the future design of novel nucleoside-based diarylethenes with better performance.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liesfeld P, Garmshausen Y, Budzak S, Becker J, Dallmann A, Jacquemin D, Hecht S. Hochkooperatives Photoschalten in Dihydropyren‐Dimeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Liesfeld
- Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Yves Garmshausen
- Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Simon Budzak
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Matej Bel University Tajovkého 40 97401 Banská Bystrica Slowakei
- CEISAM Lab UMR 6230 Université de Nantes CNRS F-44000 Nantes Frankreich
| | - Jonas Becker
- Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - André Dallmann
- Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM Lab UMR 6230 Université de Nantes CNRS F-44000 Nantes Frankreich
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Institut für Chemie & IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
- DWI – Leibniz Institut für Interaktive Materialien Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liesfeld P, Garmshausen Y, Budzak S, Becker J, Dallmann A, Jacquemin D, Hecht S. Highly Cooperative Photoswitching in Dihydropyrene Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19352-19358. [PMID: 32720745 PMCID: PMC7589249 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a strategy to achieve highly cooperative photoswitching, where the initial switching event greatly facilitates subsequent switching of the neighboring unit. By linking donor/acceptor substituted dihydropyrenes via suitable π-conjugated bridges, the quantum yield of the second photochemical ring-opening process could be enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude as compared to the first ring-opening. As a result, the intermediate mixed switching state is not detected during photoisomerization although it is formed during the thermal back reaction. Comparing the switching behavior of various dimers, both experimentally and computationally, helped to unravel the crucial role of the bridging moiety connecting both photochromic units. The presented dihydropyrene dimer serves as model system for longer cooperative switching chains, which, in principle, should enable efficient and directional transfer of information along a molecularly defined path. Moreover, our concept allows to enhance the photosensitivity in oligomeric and polymeric systems and materials thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Liesfeld
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Yves Garmshausen
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Simon Budzak
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural SciencesMatej Bel UniversityTajovkého 4097401Banská BystricaSlovakia
- CEISAM LabUMR 6230Université de NantesCNRSF-44000NantesFrance
| | - Jonas Becker
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - André Dallmann
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM LabUMR 6230Université de NantesCNRSF-44000NantesFrance
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS AdlershofHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstrasse 5052074AachenGermany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Galanti A, Santoro J, Mannancherry R, Duez Q, Diez-Cabanes V, Valášek M, De Winter J, Cornil J, Gerbaux P, Mayor M, Samorì P. A New Class of Rigid Multi(azobenzene) Switches Featuring Electronic Decoupling: Unravelling the Isomerization in Individual Photochromes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9273-9283. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Galanti
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jasmin Santoro
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rajesh Mannancherry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Duez
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Valentin Diez-Cabanes
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Michal Valášek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute of Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Galanti A, Diez-Cabanes V, Santoro J, Valášek M, Minoia A, Mayor M, Cornil J, Samorì P. Electronic Decoupling in C3-Symmetrical Light-Responsive Tris(Azobenzene) Scaffolds: Self-Assembly and Multiphotochromism. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16062-16070. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Galanti
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Diez-Cabanes
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jasmin Santoro
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Institute for Nanotechnology, P.O. Box
3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johannsring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roke D, Stuckhardt C, Danowski W, Wezenberg SJ, Feringa BL. Light‐Gated Rotation in a Molecular Motor Functionalized with a Dithienylethene Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diederik Roke
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Constantin Stuckhardt
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roke D, Stuckhardt C, Danowski W, Wezenberg SJ, Feringa BL. Light-Gated Rotation in a Molecular Motor Functionalized with a Dithienylethene Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10515-10519. [PMID: 29806875 PMCID: PMC6099277 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A multiphotochromic hybrid system is presented in which a light-driven overcrowded alkene-based molecular rotary motor is connected to a dithienylethene photoswitch. Ring closing of the dithienylethene moiety, using an irradiation wavelength different from the wavelength applied to operate the molecular motor, results in inhibition of the rotary motion as is demonstrated by detailed 1 H-NMR and UV/Vis experiments. For the first time, a light-gated molecular motor is thus obtained. Furthermore, the excitation wavelength of the molecular motor is red-shifted from the UV into the visible-light region upon attachment of the dithienylethene switch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diederik Roke
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Constantin Stuckhardt
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sander J. Wezenberg
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Theoretical investigation of the photochromic properties of [2.2]paracyclophane-bridged imidazole dimers and bis(imidazole) dimers. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|