1
|
Wang Y, Song J, He J, Zhang X, Lv Z, Dong F, Deng J. hsa_circ_0008500 regulates Benzo(a)pyrene-loaded gypsum-induced inflammation and apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells via activation of Ahr/C-myc pathways. Toxicol Lett 2024; 394:46-56. [PMID: 38408587 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major organic pollutants attached to fine particulate matter in the atmosphere. They induce lung inflammation, asthma, and other lung diseases. Exploring the toxic mechanism of PAHs on lung epithelial cells may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases induced by PAHs. In our study, 16 human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells were exposed to different concentrations of gypsum dust, Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and BaP-loaded gypsum dust for 24 hours. Gypsum dust loaded with BaP significantly increased the cytotoxicity of 16HBE cells, enhanced the production of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), induced cell apoptosis, and upregulate the expression of hsa_circ_0008500 (circ_0008500). The mechanism was studied with a BaP-loaded gypsum dust concentration of 1.25 mg/mL. StemRegenin 1 (SR1) pretreat significantly reduced the release of LDH, IL-6, and IL-8 and decreased the protein levels of Ahr、XAP2, C-myc, and p53. Second-generation sequencing indicated that circ_0008500 was highly expressed after 16HBE induced by BaP-loaded gypsum dust. Functional experiments confirmed that circ_0008500 promoted the inflammation and apoptosis of 16HBE cells induced by BaP-loaded gypsum dust by regulating the Ahr signaling pathway. Our study showed that fine particulate matter adsorption of BaP significantly increased the toxic effect of BaP on cells. By activating the Ahr/C-myc pathway, circ_0008500 promoted inflammation and apoptosis of 16HBE cells induced by BaP-loaded gypsum dust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong 637000, China.
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Santai People's Hospital, Mianyang 621100, China
| | - Jiarui He
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Mianyang404 Hospital, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhenzhen Lv
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical University, Nanchong 637000, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sichuan Mianyang404 Hospital, Mianyang 621010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang N, Maung MW, Wang S, Aruffo E, Feng J. Characterization and health risk assessment of PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Yangon and Mandalay of Myanmar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:170034. [PMID: 38220015 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
To better understand the potential adverse health effects of atmospheric fine particles in the Southeast Asian developing countries, PM2.5 samples were collected at two urban sites in Yangon and Mandalay, representing coastal and inland cities in Myanmar, in winter and summer during 2016 and 2017. The concentrations of 21 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 were determined using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentrations of PAHs in PM2.5 in Yangon and Mandalay ranged from 7.6 to 180 ng m-3, with an average of 72 ng m-3. The PAHs were significantly higher in winter than in summer, and significantly higher in Mandalay than in Yangon. The health risk analysis of PAHs, based on the toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) calculation, and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) assessment indicated that PM2.5 in Myanmar has significant health risks with higher health risks in Mandalay compared to Yangon. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs, correlation of PAHs with other species in PM2.5 and the positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis showed that TEQ is strongly affected by biomass burning and vehicular emissions in Myanmar. Additionally, it was found that the aging degree of aerosols and air mass trajectories had great influences on the concentration and composition of PAHs in PM2.5 in Myanmar, thereby affecting the toxicity of PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Myo Win Maung
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shunyao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Eleonora Aruffo
- Department of Advanced Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Jialiang Feng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheng Y, Feng J, Wang J, Zhou Y, Bai S, Tang Q, Li J, Pan F, Xu Q, Lu C, Wu W, Xia Y. Alterations in sperm DNA methylation may as a mediator of paternal air pollution exposure and offspring birth outcomes: Insight from a birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117941. [PMID: 38103775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Paternal exposure to environmental risk factors influences the offspring health. This study aimed to evaluate the association between paternal air pollution exposure mediated by sperm DNA methylation and adverse birth outcomes in offspring. We recruited 1607 fertile men and their partners from 2014 to 2016 and collected semen samples to detect sperm DNA methylation. Multivariate linear regression and weighted quantile sum regression models were used to assess the associations between paternal air pollution exposure and offspring birth outcomes. A critical exposure window was identified. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing was used to detect sperm DNA methylation. The results demonstrated that high paternal exposure to PM2.5 (β = -211.31, 95% CI: (-386.37, -36.24)), PM10 (β = -178.20, 95% CI: (-277.13, -79.27)), and NO2 (β = -84.22, 95% CI: (-165.86, -2.57)) was negatively associated with offspring's birthweight, especially in boys. Additionally, an early exposure window of 15-69 days before fertilization was recognized to be the key exposure window, which increased the risk of low birth weight and small for gestational age. Furthermore, paternal co-exposure to six air pollutants contributed to lower birthweight (β = -51.91, 95% CI: (-92.72, -11.10)) and shorter gestational age (β = -1.72, 95% CI: (-3.26, -0.17)) and PM2.5 was the most weighted pollutant. Paternal air pollution exposure resulted in 10,328 differentially methylated regions and the IGF2R gene was the key gene involved in the epigenetic process. These differentially methylated genes were predominantly associated with protein binding, transcriptional regulation, and DNA templating. These findings indicate that spermatogenesis is a susceptible window during which paternal exposure to air pollution affects sperm DNA methylation and the birth outcomes of offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengjun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuqin Tang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Urology, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Urology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Yuan Q, Wang M, Hu T, Huang Y, Xiu G, Lai S, Gao Y, Lee SC. Exposure and health risk assessment of PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during winter at residential homes: A case study in four Chinese cities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165111. [PMID: 37364838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Residential indoor PM2.5 were concurrently collected in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Xi'an during the winter and early spring seasons of 2016-2017, for updating the current knowledge of the spatial variation of indoor air pollution and the potential health risks in China. PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were characterized, and the associated inhalation cancer risks were assessed by a probabilistic approach. Higher levels of indoor PAHs were identified in Xi'an residences (averaged at 176.27 ng m-3) with those of other cities ranging from 3.07 to 15.85 ng m-3. Traffic-related fuel combustion was identified as a common contributor to indoor PAHs through outdoor infiltration for all investigated cities. Indoor PAHs profiles showed city-specific differences, while distinctions between profiles based on indoor activities or ambient air quality were limited. Similar with the total PAHs concentrations, the estimated toxic equivalencies (TEQ) with reference to benzo[a]pyrene in Xi'an residences (median at 18.05 ng m-3) were above the recommended value of 1 ng m-3 and were magnitudes higher than the other investigated cities with estimated median TEQ ranging from 0.27 to 1.55 ng m-3. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) due to PAHs inhalation exposure was identified with a descending order of adult (median at 8.42 × 10-8) > adolescent (2.77 × 10-8) > children (2.20 × 10-8) > senior (1.72 × 10-8) for different age groups. Considering the lifetime exposure-associated cancer risk (LCR), potential risks were identified for residents in Xi'an as an LCR level over 1 × 10-6 was identified for half of the adolescent group (median at 8.96 × 10-7), and exceedances were identified for about 90 % of the groups of adults (10th percentile at 8.29 × 10-7) and seniors (10th percentile at 1.02 × 10-6). The associated LCR estimated for other cities were relatively insignificant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhi Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Tafeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guangli Xiu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Senchao Lai
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Shun Cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan R, Xu L, Cui B, Li D, Sun X, Qi Y, Rao J, Wang K, Wang C, Zhao K, Zhao Y, Dai J, Chen W, Shen H, Liu Y, Yu D. Genomic Characterization Revealed PM 2.5-Associated Mutational Signatures in Lung Cancer Including Activation of APOBEC3B. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6854-6864. [PMID: 37071573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure causes DNA mutations and abnormal gene expression leading to lung cancer, but the detailed mechanisms remain unknown. Here, analysis of genomic and transcriptomic changes upon a PM2.5 exposure-induced human bronchial epithelial cell-based malignant transformed cell model in vitro showed that PM2.5 exposure led to APOBEC mutational signatures and transcriptional activation of APOBEC3B along with other potential oncogenes. Moreover, by analyzing mutational profiles of 1117 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) from patients across four different geographic regions, we observed a significantly higher prevalence of APOBEC mutational signatures in non-smoking NSCLCs than smoking in the Chinese cohorts, but this difference was not observed in TCGA or Singapore cohorts. We further validated this association by showing that the PM2.5 exposure-induced transcriptional pattern was significantly enriched in Chinese NSCLC patients compared with other geographic regions. Finally, our results showed that PM2.5 exposure activated the DNA damage repair pathway. Overall, here we report a previously uncharacterized association between PM2.5 and APOBEC activation, revealing a potential molecular mechanism of PM2.5 exposure and lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Fan
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bowen Cui
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianan Rao
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Kunming Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine and China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Genomic Science and Precision Medicine Institute, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Dianke Yu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Galvão ES, Santos JM, Goulart EV, Junior NCR. Health risk assessment of inorganic and organic constituents of the coarse and fine PM in an industrialized region of Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161042. [PMID: 36572292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A health risk assessment of inorganic and organic species associated with coarse and fine particulate matter (PM) was conducted in Southeastern Brazil. TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 samples were collected, and their elemental (metals/metalloids) and organic (PAHs) composition were determined by EDXRF and GC-MS. The health risks were determined through hazard quotient (HQ) and cancer risk (CR). It was found that different elements and routes of exposure lead to different health risks, even for the PM concentration in compliance with air quality standards. The major routes of exposure for adults were inhalation and dermal contact whereas for children were ingestion and dermal contact. High non-cancer risks (HQ) caused by Cl and Fe exposure were associated with coarser fractions, PM10 and TSP, respectively, whereas high HQ for Se, Sb, and V exposure were associated with PM2.5. HQ values for children were near twice that for adults, and CR values were 65 % to 130 % higher for children than for adults. CR posed by PAHs was negligible. The results highlighted that the HQ might be over- or underestimated depending on the form in which the element Cl is determined (elemental or ion), reinforcing the need for an embracing chemical characterization of the PM. High HQ values were found related to the exposure to some elements present in the TSP, showing that this PM fraction should not be neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elson Silva Galvão
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, ES, Brazil.
| | - Jane Meri Santos
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, ES, Brazil
| | - Elisa Valentim Goulart
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, ES, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tanaka M, Okuda T, Itoh K, Ishihara N, Oguro A, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Nabetani Y, Yamamoto M, Vogel CFA, Ishihara Y. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban particle matter exacerbate movement disorder after ischemic stroke via potentiation of neuroinflammation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:6. [PMID: 36797786 PMCID: PMC9933276 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent epidemiological study showed that air pollution is closely involved in the prognosis of ischemic stroke. We and others have reported that microglial activation in ischemic stroke plays an important role in neuronal damage. In this study, we investigated the effects of urban aerosol exposure on neuroinflammation and the prognosis of ischemic stroke using a mouse photothrombotic model. RESULTS When mice were intranasally exposed to CRM28, urban aerosols collected in Beijing, China, for 7 days, microglial activation was observed in the olfactory bulb and cerebral cortex. Mice exposed to CRM28 showed increased microglial activity and exacerbation of movement disorder after ischemic stroke induction. Administration of core particles stripped of attached chemicals from CRM28 by washing showed less microglial activation and suppression of movement disorder compared with CRM28-treated groups. CRM28 exposure did not affect the prognosis of ischemic stroke in null mice for aryl hydrocarbon receptor, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) receptor. Exposure to PM2.5 collected at Yokohama, Japan also exacerbated movement disorder after ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION Particle matter in the air is involved in neuroinflammation and aggravation of the prognosis of ischemic stroke; furthermore, PAHs in the particle matter could be responsible for the prognosis exacerbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Tanaka
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, 769-2101, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Okuda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kouichi Itoh
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, 769-2101, Japan
| | - Nami Ishihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Ami Oguro
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Fujii-Kuriyama
- Medical Research Institute, Molecular Epidemiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yu Nabetani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Megumi Yamamoto
- Department of Environment and Public Health, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Minamata, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan
| | - Christoph F A Vogel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Y, Huang Y, Yuan L, He Y, Yin G, He T, He E, Ding F, Xia H, Xu H, Liu M, Tao S. The deposition mapping of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in megacity Shanghai, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130173. [PMID: 36257109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) has far-reaching impacts on Earth's surface system and human health. However, a comprehensive understanding of PAHs' deposition in a high urbanized area is still lacking because of limited field measurements data and rough resolution of current models. In this research, a deposition map of PAHs with a resolution of 2 × 2 km in megacity Shanghai, China was established. Gridded annual total deposition of PAHs from July 2020 to June 2021 ranged from 385 to 10,631 ng/(m2·d), with a mean value of 2,611 ng/(m2·d). The highest PAHs deposition was found over the downtown Shanghai, which received 4.3 times the deposition flux of outlying areas. About 77 % of area in Shanghai was dominated by wet deposition which accounted for 62 % of total deposition in Shanghai. The total deposition showed a trend of summer>fall>spring>winter, which was similar to that of the amount of rain. Source apportionment and geographically weighted regression analysis showed that built-up land and human activities are key driving factors of PAHs' deposition in Shanghai. Our results suggest that intensive human activities could alter the PAHs deposition distribution in Shanghai, and improve the understanding of PAHs' environmental behavior in high urbanized area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Lina Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yue He
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tianhao He
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Erkai He
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fangfang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haibin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi SH, Ochirpurev B, Jo HY, Won JU, Toriba A, Kim H. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on mitochondrial DNA copy number. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231216968. [PMID: 37989254 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231216968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure can adversely affect human health by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing oxidative stress, which causes changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), a key indicator of mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the effects of atmospheric benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) exposure on mtDNAcn in humans. One hundred and eight adults living in Cheongju, South Korea, were included in this study. Atmospheric BaP and 1-NP concentrations and urinary 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene (6-OHNP), N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene (1-NAAP), and 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations were measured. Blood samples were also collected to assess mtDNAcn. The mean mtDNAcn was 9.74 (SD 4.46). mtDNAcn decreased significantly with age but was not significantly associated with sex, sampling season, or smoking habit. While there was a borderline significant increase in mtDNAcn with increasing ambient total PAH levels, ambient PAH or urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations showed no significant association with mtDNAcn. However, urinary 6-OHNP or 1-NAAP concentrations, 1-NP metabolites, were significantly associated with mtDNAcn. These results suggest that the metabolism of absorbed NPs generates excess ROS, which damages mitochondrial DNA, resulting in increased mtDNAcn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Haeng Choi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bolormaa Ochirpurev
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yeong Jo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Won
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Akira Toriba
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Heon Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Galvão ES, Paiva HB, Menezes HC, de Almeida Albuquerque TT, Cardeal ZDL. Cancer risk assessment and source apportionment of the gas- and particulate-phase of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a metropolitan region in Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136872. [PMID: 36252898 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A risk assessment and a source apportionment of the particulate- and gas-phase PAHs were conducted in a high vehicular traffic and industrialized region in southeastern Brazil. Higher concentrations of PAHs were found during summer, being likely driven by the contributions of PAHs in the vapor phase caused by fire outbreaks during this period. Isomer ratio diagnostic and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified four potential sources in the region, in which the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model confirmed and apportioned as gasoline-related (31.8%), diesel-related (25.1%), biomass burning (23.4%), and mixed sources (19.6%). The overall cancer risk had a tolerable value, with ∑CR = 4.6 × 10-5, being ingestion the major via of exposure (64% of the ∑CR), followed by dermal contact (33% of the ∑CR) and inhalation (3%). Mixed sources contributed up to 45% of the overall cancer risk (∑CR), followed by gasoline-related (up to 35%), diesel-related (up to 15%), and biomass burning (up to 10%). The risk assessment for individual PAH species allowed identifying higher CR associated with BaP, DBA, BbF, BaA, and BkF, species associated with gasoline-related and industrial sources. Higher risks were associated with PM2.5-bound PAHs exposure, mainly via ingestion and dermal contact, highlighting the need for measures of mitigation and control of PM2.5 in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elson Silva Galvão
- Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270, Brazil
| | | | - Helvécio Costa Menezes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen S, Yin X, He Y, He Q, Li X, Yan M, Huang S, Lu J, Yang B. Joint effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, smoking, and XPC polymorphisms on damage in exon 2 of KRAS gene among young coke oven workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:945955. [PMID: 35991047 PMCID: PMC9389884 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.945955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms may contribute to individual susceptibility to DNA damage induced by environmental exposure. In this study, we evaluate the effects of co-exposure to PAHs, smoking and XPC polymorphisms, alone or combined, on damage in exons. A total of 288 healthy male coke oven workers were enrolled into this study, and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-Pyr) was detected. Base modification in exons of KRAS and BRAF gene, and polymorphisms of XPC were determined in plasma by real-time PCR. We observed 1-OH-Pyr was positively related to damage in exon 2 of KRAS (KRAS-2) and in exon 15 of BRAF (BRAF-15), respectively, and KRAS-2 and BRAF-15 were significantly associated with increased 1-OH-Pyr. A stratified analysis found 1-OH-Pyr was significantly associated with KRAS-2 in both smokers and non-smokers, while 1-OH-Pyr was significantly associated with BRAF-15 only in smokers. Additionally, individuals carrying both rs2228001 G-allele (GG+GT) and rs3731055 GG homozygote (GG) genotype appeared to have more significant effect on KRAS-2. The high levels of 1-OH-Pyr were associated with KRAS-2 only in rs2228001 GG+GT genotype carriers and the high levels of 1-OH-Pyr were associated with KRAS-2 only in rs3731055 GG genotype carriers and the most severe KRAS-2 was observed among subjects carrying all four of the above risk factors. Our findings indicated the co-exposure effect of PAHs and smoking could increase the risk of KRAS-2 by a mechanism partly involving XPC polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Chen
- Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyue Yin
- Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng He
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maosheng Yan
- Department of Physical Factors and Occupational Health, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suli Huang
- Department of Environment and Health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, The School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binyao Yang
- Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Abdominal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Binyao Yang
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kawichai S, Bootdee S. Health Risk Assessment on Exposure to PM2.5-bound PAHs from an Urban-industrial Area in Rayong City, Thailand. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A city's industrial area's air quality has become a major priority. PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most common pollutants in urban-industrial area, and can be linked to health problems.
AIM: This study aims to 1) investigate PM2.5 and PAHs emitted from roadside area (RS) and industrial estate (IE) in Rayong city 2) assess the inhalation of PM2.5 and PAHs on the human health of the age group.
METHODS: PM2.5-bound PAHs were investigated and thier carcinogenic risk was evalued in this study. PM2.5 samples were collected on quartz filters contained in a mini-volume air sampler and analyzed for PAHs by GC-MS.
RESULTS: The average PM2.5 concentrations at RS and IE were 43.3±26.8 and 40.4±21.7 µg/m3, while the values of total PAHs in both sites were 1.68±1.53 and 1.34±1.22 ng/m3, respectively. However, it was found that the PM2.5 and PAHs values were not significantly different (p>0.05). The results revealed that the individual lifetime cancer risk (Ric) of PM2.5 values for children and adults at both sites indicated acceptable cancer risk (10-6 to10-4). According to the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values of PAHs for different age groups, exposure to PAHs in PM2.5 through the inhalation pathway was a negligible (<10-6).
CONCLUSION: As a result, the PM2.5 concentrations have substantial implications for Rayong city’s environmental management and protection, relating to car emissions and coal combustion.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang J, Feng L, Zhao Y, Hou C, Gu Q. Health risks of PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and heavy metals (PPAH&HM) during the replacement of central heating with urban natural gas in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2495-2514. [PMID: 34291374 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the health effects of fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5)-bound heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) before and after the implementation of the Urban Natural Gas Heating Project (UNGHP), the lifetime cancer risks, hazard quotients (HQs) of heavy metals and PAHs were calculated. Seven kinds of heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Se) and 12 kinds of PAHs including acenaphthylene (ANY), acenaphthene (ANA), fluoranthene (FLT), pyrene (PYR), chrysene (CHR), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), benzo[ghi]perylene (BPE) and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IPY) were analyzed and used for the health risk assessments. It was found that HQ of Mn fell from 1.09 in the coal-burning period to 0.72 in the gas-burning period in the suburban area. And lifetime cancer risks of PAHs fell from 35.7 × 10-6 in the coal-burning period to 17.22 × 10-6 in the gas-burning period in the urban area. It could be concluded that, during the gas-burning period, downward trends were observed for the lifetime cancer risks and HQs of most kinds of heavy metals and PAHs in all regions of Tianjin compared to those during the coal-burning period. The UNGHP was effective, and we should also take other measures to control the pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Huayue Rd, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihong Feng
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Huayue Rd, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Huayue Rd, Tianjin, China
| | - Changchun Hou
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Huayue Rd, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, No.6 Huayue Rd, Tianjin, China.
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No.22 Qixiangtai Rd, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen S, Li D, Yu D, Li M, Ye L, Jiang Y, Tang S, Zhang R, Xu C, Jiang S, Wang Z, Aschner M, Zheng Y, Chen L, Chen W. Determination of tipping point in course of PM 2.5 organic extracts-induced malignant transformation by dynamic network biomarkers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128089. [PMID: 34933256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic network biomarkers (DNBs) are designed to identify the tipping point and specific molecules in initiation of PM2.5-induced lung cancers. To discover early-warning signals, we analyzed time-series gene expression datasets over a course of PM2.5 organic extraction-induced human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell transformation (0th~16th week). A composition index of DNB (CIDNB) was calculated to determine correlations and fluctuations in molecule clusters at each timepoint. We identified a group of genes with the highest CIDNB at the 10th week, implicating a tipping point and corresponding DNBs. Functional experiments revealed that manipulating respective DNB genes at the tipping point led to remarkable changes in malignant phenotypes, including four promoters (GAB2, NCF1, MMP25, LAPTM5) and three suppressors (BATF2, DOK3, DAP3). Notably, co-altered expression of seven core DNB genes resulted in an enhanced activity of malignant transformation compared to effects of single-gene manipulation. Perturbation of pathways (EMT, HMGB1, STAT3, NF-κB, PTEN) appeared in HBE cells at the tipping point. The core DNB genes were involved in regulating lung cancer cell growth and associated with poor survival, indicating their synergistic effects in initiation and development of lung cancers. These findings provided novel insights into the mechanism of dynamic networks attributable to PM2.5-induced cell transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dianke Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lizhu Ye
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuyun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun H, Li Y, Zhang J, Shi T, Li X, Cao X, Wang T, Kong N, Pang Y, Bold T, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Tang J. Platelet Mitochondrial DNA Methylation as Epigenetic Biomarker of Short-Term Air Pollution Exposure in Healthy Subjects. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:803488. [PMID: 35127821 PMCID: PMC8809460 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.803488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution exposure is now considered a growing concern for global public health. RNA or DNA methylation changes caused by air pollution may be related to the development of cardiovascular disease. To investigate the early biomarkers of air pollution exposure, a panel study of eight college students recorded after a business trip from Qingdao to Shijiazhuang and back to Qingdao was performed in this work. The concentration of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO in Shijiazhuang was higher than that in Qingdao during the study period. The platelet count was positively correlated with air pollutants of 0–6 day moving averages (βPM2.5 = 88.90; βPM10 = 61.83; βSO2 = 41.13; βNO2 = 57.70; βCO = 62.99, respectively, for an IQR increased). Additionally, internal dose biomarkers 2-OHNa, 1-OHNa, 2-OHFlu, 2,3-OHPhe, and ∑PAHs were also significantly associated with platelet count in participants. Furthermore, PM2.5 and PM10 are positively linked with methylation of one CpG site at platelet mitochondrial gene CO2 (PM2.5 = 0.47; PM10 = 0.25, respectively, for an IQR increase). Both platelet counts and methylation levels returned to their pre-exposure levels after leaving the highly contaminated area. In short, this study investigated the relationship between platelet properties and air pollution exposure, revealing that short-term exposure to air pollution might increase the risk of thrombosis. Our research suggests that platelet count and mitochondrial DNA methylation of mtCO2 site 2 in platelets from healthy adults may be the novel biomarker for acute exposure to air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Teng Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Kong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tsendmaa Bold
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Zhang, ; Jinglong Tang,
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Zhang, ; Jinglong Tang,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang Z, Guo C, Li Q, Zhong Y, Ma S, Zhou J, Li X, Huang R, Yu Y. Human health risks estimations from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in serum and their hydroxylated metabolites in paired urine samples. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:117975. [PMID: 34416499 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds with two or more benzene rings whose hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PAHs) are excreted in urine. Human PAH exposure is therefore commonly estimated based on urinary OH-PAH concentrations. However, no study has compared PAH exposure estimates based on urinary OH-PAHs to measurements of PAH levels in blood samples. Estimates of PAH exposure based solely on urinary OH-PAHs may thus be subject to substantial error. To test this hypothesis, paired measurements of parent PAHs in serum and OH-PAHs in urine samples from 480 participants in Guangzhou, a typical developed city in southern China, were used to investigate differences in the estimates of human PAH exposure obtained by sampling different biological matrices. The median PAH concentration in serum was 4.05 ng mL-1, which was lower than that of OH-PAHs in urine (8.33 ng mL-1). However, serum pyrene levels were significantly higher than urinary levels of its metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene. Concentrations of parent PAHs in serum were not significantly correlated with those of their metabolites in urine with the exception of phenanthrene, which exhibited a significant negative correlation. Over 28% of the participants had carcinogenic risk values above the acceptable cancer risk level of 10-6. Overall, estimated human exposure and health risks based on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels were only 13.6% of those based on serum pyrene measurements, indicating that estimates based solely on urine sampling may substantially understate health risks due to PAH exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chongshan Guo
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, PR China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, PR China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, PR China
| | - Rende Huang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang W, Su P, Tomy GT, Sun D, Yin F, Chen L, Ding Y, Li Y, Feng D. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination along roads based on levels on vehicle window films. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116921. [PMID: 33751944 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vehicular emissions are known to be major contributors of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cities. In order to assess the long-term contamination of PAHs along roads, we collected organic films from vehicle windows (26 private cars and 4 buses, in Shanghai, China) and used mathematical models to convert the film-bound PAH concentrations to the airborne PAH concentrations. The field measurements of airborne PAHs revealed that the partitioning and Level III fugacity model was suitable to estimate the airborne concentrations of high and low volatile PAHs (expect for naphthalene), respectively. The total airborne PAH concentrations along roads in Shanghai ranged from 0.83 to 3.37 μg m-3 and the incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRtotal) by exposure to PAHs along roads were greater than the USEPA lower guideline of 10-6, indicating non-negligible carcinogenic risks to drivers and passengers, especially via ingestion processes. This study provided a practicable method to investigate long-term air contamination of PAHs in vehicles and along roads based on film-bound PAH on vehicle windows. In addition, it was also possible to investigate the health risk in vehicles as a result of exposure to PAHs. Comparisons of PAHs between roads and shipping lanes also facilitated the delineation of vehicular and shipping PAH inventories. A capsule that summarizes the main finding of the work: Investigating film-bound PAH on vehicle windows is a practicable pathway to investigate the long-term contamination of PAHs in vehicles and along roads. This method can not only simplify the sampling processes, but the model calculations. The results also enabled investigations into ILCR in vehicles and specified source apportionment of traffic PAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Penghao Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China.
| | - Gregg T Tomy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Fang Yin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Lisu Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Ding
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| | - Yifan Li
- IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, Ontario, M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Daolun Feng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China; International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 200135, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li Y, Liu M, Hou L, Li X, Yin G, Sun P, Yang J, Wei X, He Y, Zheng D. Geographical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine sediments over China: Human impacts and source apportionment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:145279. [PMID: 33736343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human activity is suggested to increase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution and also cause PAHs' sources complex in estuarine environments. However, the human impacts and source apportionment of PAHs in estuarine sediments at a continental scale remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated geographical distribution of PAHs and used the compound-specific carbon isotope approach to characterize the sources of PAHs in the sediments of estuaries along the latitudinal gradient over China. We also used human population and economic size to characterize the human impacts on PAHs pollution in the estuaries. The concentrations of total PAHs (Σ16 PAH) in wet and dry seasons ranged from 60.9 to 330.7 ng g-1 and from 103.9 to 620.6 ng g-1, respectively, across the estuaries. At the continental scale, the concentrations of PAHs were significantly higher in dry than in wet seasons. The proportions of low molecular weight (LMW, 2-3 ring PAHs), middle molecular weight (MMW, 4 ring PAH) and high molecular weight (HMW, 5-6 ring PAHs) of PAHs varied largely across the estuaries, with being in a range of 26.4-48.5%, 17.2-34.1%, 25.3-46.8% in wet season and in a range of 24.0-58.4%, 18.4-52.4%, 21.8-48.6% in dry season. The concentrations of PAHs were found to be significantly correlated with per capita GDP throughout the studied estuaries. The δ13C of individual PAH ranged from -26 to -32‰ and from -24 to -29‰ in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The main sources of PAHs indicated by the δ13C across the estuaries were coal-processing and biomass combustion. These results suggest that the increasing human activities intensity can increase the PAHs pollution in sediments of the estuaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Guoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yue He
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dongsheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5-Bound PAHs during Heavy Air Pollution Episodes in Winter in Urban Area of Beijing, China. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PM2.5 level has decreased significantly in Beijing in recent years due to the strict air quality control measures taken in Jingjinji Region and the surrounding areas. However, the variation characteristics of the concentrations of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Beijing in recent years are still not so clear. In order to understand the pollution status of PM2.5-bound PAHs in Beijing, fifteen PAHs were measured in a typical urban area of Beijing from 1 March to 20 March 2018. The average mass concentration of the 15 PAHs was 21 ng/m3 and higher in the nighttime than that in the daytime. The proportion of 4-ring PAHs in 15 PAHs was highest (43%), while 6-ring PAHs was lowest (10%). The levels of PAHs were higher during heavy pollution episodes than those in non-heavy pollution episodes, and the proportions of 5- and 6-ring PAHs were increased during a heavy pollution episode. PAHs posed obvious carcinogenic risks to the exposed populations, and the risk was higher during heavy pollution episodes than the average value of the whole monitoring period. The main sources of PAHs were traffic emissions and coal/biomass burning. Air masses from the south-southeast had a great influence on the PM2.5 levels during a heavy pollution episode. It is recommended that not only the PM2.5 levels but also the PAHs levels bounded in PM2.5 should be controlled to protect human health in Beijing.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chang J, Shen J, Tao J, Li N, Xu C, Li Y, Liu Z, Wang Q. The impact of heating season factors on eight PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and cancer risk in Beijing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:1413-1421. [PMID: 31726569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, 443 atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected at five sampling sites in Beijing. The concentrations of PM2.5-bound PAH8 (Chr, BaA, BbF, BkF, B[a]P, DBA, BghiP, and IND) were determined via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The annual concentration of PM2.5-bound PAH8, lifetime cancer risk, and the increasing value due to heating season factors (heating and meteorological conditions) were analyzed. The results showed that the sum concentration of PM2.5-bound PAH8 during heating season was 72.6 ng/m3 and higher than the non-heating season concentration of 4.77 ng/m3. The annual concentration was 10.6 ng/m3, which increased 5.83 ng/m3 due to heating season factors. The B[a]P annual concentration was 1.67 ng/m3 and higher than the limit of 1 ng/m3, which was 15.2 times that of non-heating season. Diesel vehicles and gasoline vehicles were the primary PAH8 sources during non-heating season, while the mixed sources of diesel vehicles, gasoline vehicles, and combustion were the dominant PAH8 sources during heating season. The most significant health hazard pollutant was B[a]P, which accounted for 72%, 74%, and 69% of the B[a]P equivalent concentration (B[a]Peq) of PAH8 during heating season, non-heating season, and throughout 2015, respectively. The lifetime cancer risk was 2.67 × 10-6, which increased 1.36 × 10-6 due to heating season factors. Therefore, heating season factors nearly doubled the annual concentration of PM2.5-bound ∑PAH8 and lifetime cancer risk. The results indicated that to protect human health, it is very important to control PM2.5-bound ∑PAH8 emissions during heating season, especially B[a]P emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Chang
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Jianing Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Institute of Environmental Health, Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, 100013 Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Chunyu Xu
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Yunpu Li
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Air Quality Monitoring, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021 Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao Y, Feng L, Shang B, Li J, Lv G, Wu Y. Pollution Characterization and Source Apportionment of Day and Night PM 2.5 Samples in Urban and Suburban Communities of Tianjin (China). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:591-604. [PMID: 30868177 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Day and night PM2.5 samples were collected from two typical urban and suburban communities in Tianjin. The major chemical components in PM2.5, including the metal elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and inorganic water-soluble ions, were monitored. A positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to apportion the potential sources of PM2.5 at the two sites in the daytime and nighttime. The results indicated that the PM2.5 concentration was higher in the suburban area than in the urban area during the daytime in winter. The daytime and nighttime PAHs concentrations at both sites were both generally higher in winter than in summer. The concentrations of some of the metal elements were higher in summer than in winter. Regional differences and day and night differences in the metals and water-soluble ions commonly existed. The PMF analysis indicated that coal combustion and transportation-related sources were the predominant sources in the urban and suburban areas in the daytime in winter, and secondary aerosols were the most important source for the suburban area in the nighttime in winter. There were more pollution sources of PM2.5 during the daytime in summer, especially in the suburban area. In the nighttime in summer, the pollution sources of PM2.5 in the urban and suburbs areas were basically the same, but the source apportionment was quite different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China.
| | - Lihong Feng
- Department of Environmental and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Bodong Shang
- Department of Environmental and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Environmental and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Guang Lv
- Department of Environmental and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Yinghong Wu
- Department of Environmental and Health, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yan D, Wu S, Zhou S, Tong G, Li F, Wang Y, Li B. Characteristics, sources and health risk assessment of airborne particulate PAHs in Chinese cities: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:804-814. [PMID: 30851590 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds composed of at least two benzene rings. This paper reviews the characteristics, sources and health risk of airborne particulate PAHs in Chinese cities. The airborne particulate PAH concentrations varied from 3.35 to 910 ng m-3, with an average of 75.0 ng m-3, and the pollution level of PAHs in northern cities was generally higher than that in southern cities. The PAH concentrations in different cities underwent similar seasonal variations, with high concentrations in the winter and relatively low concentrations in the summer. Many factors, such as meteorological conditions and source emissions, influenced the spatiotemporal pattern of PAHs. High temperatures, frequent flow exchanges, abundant rainfall and strong solar radiation reduced the level of particulate PAHs in the atmosphere. The historical changes in the level of airborne particulate PAHs in four cities were analyzed. The PAH concentrations in Beijing and Taiyuan presented a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the level of particulate PAHs in Nanjing and Guangzhou had a decreasing tendency from year 2000-2015. The airborne particulate PAHs in cities were derived from several sources, including coal combustion, vehicle emissions, coking industries, biomass burning and petroleum volatilization. The results of a health risk assessment indicated that the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for people in the northern cities was higher than that for people in the other regions, especially during the cold season. Moreover, adults were at greater risk than people in other age groups, and the health risk to females was slightly higher than that to males. The potential risk of airborne particulate PAH exposure was relatively high in some cities, and controlling PAH emissions at the source should be required to prevent pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daohao Yan
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, 18 Xueyuan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Guijie Tong
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Fufu Li
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yuanmin Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Baojie Li
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang Y, Sun X, Liu M, Zhu J, Yang J, Du W, Zhang X, Gao D, Qadeer A, Xie Y, Nie N. A multimedia fugacity model to estimate the fate and transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a largely urbanized area, Shanghai, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:298-307. [PMID: 30419384 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing PAHs pollution is creating more complex urban pollution system. However, the availability of sufficient monitoring activities for PAHs in multicompartment and corresponding multi-interface migration processes is still not well understood. In this study, a Level III steady state fugacity model was validated to evaluate the detailed local variations, and mass fluxes of PAHs in various environmental compartments (i.e., air, soil, sediment, water, vegetation and organic film). This model was applied to a region of Shanghai in 2012 based on a large number of measured data and brings model predictions in 2020. The model results indicate that most of the simulated concentrations agreed with the observed values within one order of magnitude with a tendency of underestimation for vegetation. Direct emission is the main input pathway of PAHs entering the atmosphere, whereas advection is the main outward flow from Shanghai. Organic film was achieved the highest concentration of PAHs compared to other compartments up to 58.17 g/m3. The soil and sediment served as the greatest sinks of PAHs and have the longest retention time (2421.95-78642.09 h). Importantly, a decreasing trend of PAHs was observed in multimedia from 2012 to 2020 and the transfer flux from the air to vegetation to soil was the dominant pathways of BaP intermedia circulation processes. A sensitivity analysis showed that temperature was the most influential parameter, especially for Phe. A Monte Carlo simulation emphasized heavier PAHs were overpredicted in film and sediment, but lighter PAHs in air and water were generally underestimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junmin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Weining Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Dengzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Nie
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cave MR, Wragg J, Beriro DJ, Vane C, Thomas R, Riding M, Taylor C. An overview of research and development themes in the measurement and occurrences of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in dusts and particulates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 360:373-390. [PMID: 30130696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds consisting of two or more fused aromatic rings and are probably one of the most studied groups of organic chemicals in environmental research. PAHs originate mainly from anthropogenic processes, particularly from incomplete combustion of organic fuels. PAHs are distributed widely in particulate matter. Due to widespread sources and persistent characteristics, PAHs disperse through atmospheric transport and exist almost everywhere. Human beings are exposed to PAH mixtures in gaseous or particulate phases in ambient air. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of PAHs is associated with adverse health problems. This review identifies the main research and development themes in the measurement and occurrences of PAHs in dusts and particulates using a new approach to carrying out a literature review where many peer-review publications have been produced. The review extracts the most important research themes from a literature search using a combination of text mining and a more detailed review of selected papers from within the identified themes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Cave
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK.
| | - Joanna Wragg
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Darren J Beriro
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Chistopher Vane
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | | | | | - Christopher Taylor
- National Grid Property Holdings Ltd, National Grid House, Warwick Technology Park, Gallows Hill, Warwick, CV34 6DA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Turap Y, Talifu D, Wang X, Aierken T, Rekefu S, Shen H, Ding X, Maihemuti M, Tursun Y, Liu W. Concentration characteristics, source apportionment, and oxidative damage of PM 2.5-bound PAHs in petrochemical region in Xinjiang, NW China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22629-22640. [PMID: 29846897 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of considerable concern due to their potential as human carcinogens. Thus, determining the characteristics, potential source, and examining the oxidative capacity of PAHs to protect human health is essential. This study investigated the PM2.5-bound PAHs at Dushanzi, a large petrochemical region in Xinjiang as well as northwest China. A total of 33 PM2.5 samples with 13 PAHs, together with molecular tracers (levoglucosan, and element carbon), were analyzed during the non-heating and heating periods. The results showed that the PM2.5 concentrations were 70.22 ± 22.30 and 95.47 ± 61.73 μg/m3, while that of total PAHs were 4.07 ± 2.03 and 60.33 ± 30.80 ng/m3 in sampling period, respectively. The fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[k]fluoranthene were the most abundant (top five) PAHs, accounting for 71.74 and 72.80% of total PAH mass during non-heating and heating periods. The BaP equivalent (BaPeq) concentration exceeded 1 ng/m3 as recommended by National Ambient Air Quality Standards during heating period. The diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization indicated that oil industry, biomass burning, coal combustion, and vehicle emissions are the primary sources. The coal combustion remarkably increased during heating period. The plasmid scission assay (PSA) results showed that higher DNA damage rate was observed during heating period. PAHs in PM2.5 such as Chr, BaP, and IcdP were found to have significantly positive correlations with the plasmid DNA damage rates. Additionally, the relationship among BaPeq and DNA damage rate suggested that synergistic reaction may modify the toxicity of PAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusan Turap
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830046, China
| | - Dilinuer Talifu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830046, China.
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tuergong Aierken
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830046, China
| | - Suwubinuer Rekefu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830046, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830046, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mailikezhati Maihemuti
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830046, China
| | - Yalkunjan Tursun
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830046, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Environmental Monitoring Station, Dushanzi, 838600, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Galvão ES, Santos JM, Lima AT, Reis NC, Orlando MTD, Stuetz RM. Trends in analytical techniques applied to particulate matter characterization: A critical review of fundaments and applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:546-568. [PMID: 29455125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown the association of airborne particulate matter (PM) size and chemical composition with health problems affecting the cardiorespiratory and central nervous systems. PM also act as cloud condensation nuclei (CNN) or ice nuclei (IN), taking part in the clouds formation process, and therefore can impact the climate. There are several works using different analytical techniques in PM chemical and physical characterization to supply information to source apportionment models that help environmental agencies to assess damages accountability. Despite the numerous analytical techniques described in the literature available for PM characterization, laboratories are normally limited to the in-house available techniques, which raises the question if a given technique is suitable for the purpose of a specific experimental work. The aim of this work consists of summarizing the main available technologies for PM characterization, serving as a guide for readers to find the most appropriate technique(s) for their investigation. Elemental analysis techniques like atomic spectrometry based and X-ray based techniques, organic and carbonaceous techniques and surface analysis techniques are discussed, illustrating their main features as well as their advantages and drawbacks. We also discuss the trends in analytical techniques used over the last two decades. The choice among all techniques is a function of a number of parameters such as: the relevant particles physical properties, sampling and measuring time, access to available facilities and the costs associated to equipment acquisition, among other considerations. An analytical guide map is presented as a guideline for choosing the most appropriated technique for a given analytical information required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elson Silva Galvão
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Jane Meri Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ana Teresa Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Neyval Costa Reis
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Richard Michael Stuetz
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen Y, Li X, Zhu T, Han Y, Lv D. PM 2.5-bound PAHs in three indoor and one outdoor air in Beijing: Concentration, source and health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:255-264. [PMID: 28187942 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three indoor (residential home, dormitory, and office) and one outdoor concentrations of PM2.5-bound Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in Beijing across four seasons. The highest and lowest concentration of total PAHs for outdoor appeared in winter and in summer with averages of 200.1 and 9.1ng/m3 respectively. The seasonal variations of total PAHs in three indoor sites were the same as outdoor. The correlation analysis between the indoor and outdoor samples showed that the annual mean I/O ratios of total PAHs in the three sites were lower than 1. Source apportionment showed vehicle exhaust, coal combustion, and biomass burning were the major contributors of indoor and outdoor PM2.5-bound PAHs. Indoor source, such as camphor pollution, was identified in the dormitory, while camphor pollution and cooking sources were identified in the residential home. The annual averages of Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration (BaPeq) were 7.6, 7.8, 7.7 and 12.7ng/m3 for the dormitory, office, residential home and outdoor samples respectively, far higher than the annual limit of 1ng/m3 regulated by European Commission. Life lung cancer risk (LLCR) in four sites across four seasons were over the acceptable cancer risk level, showing the cancer risk were at a high level in both indoor and outdoor sites in Beijing, and its level in indoor sites was much lower than in the outdoor site. The health risk assessment indicated the level of PAHs cancer risk on human for three indoor sites were similar. The results call for the development of more stringent control measures to reduce PAHs emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinghua Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Tianle Zhu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yingjie Han
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dong Lv
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|