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Shen M, Chen X, Wu C, Song Z, Shi J, Liu S, Zhao Y. A microfluidic impedance cytometry device for robust identification of H. pluvialis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:5684-5691. [PMID: 39129414 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00845f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
H. pluvialis contains rich oleic acid and astaxanthin, which have important applications in the fields of biodiesel and biomedicine. Detection of live H. pluvialis is the prerequisite to obtaining oleic acid and astaxanthin. For this purpose, we successfully developed a reliable microfluidic impedance cytometry for the identification of live H. pluvialis. Firstly, we established a simulation model for detecting H. pluvialis based on their morphology and studied the effect of medium conductivity on the impedance of H. pluvialis at different frequencies. From the simulations, we determined that the optimal solution conductivity for the detection of H. pluvialis was 1500 μS cm-1 and studied the frequency responses of the impedance of H. pluvialis. Secondly, we fabricated the microchannels and stainless-steel detection electrodes and assembled them into microfluidic impedance cytometry. The frequency dependence of live and dead H. pluvialis was explored under different frequencies, and live and dead H. pluvialis were distinguished at a frequency of 1 MHz. The impedance of live H. pluvialis at the frequency of 1 MHz ranges from 33.73 to 52.23 Ω, while that of dead ones ranges from 13.05 to 19.59 Ω. Based on these findings, we accomplished the identification and counting of live H. pluvialis in the live and dead sample solutions. Furthermore, we accomplished the identification and counting of live H. pluvialis in the mixed samples containing Euglena and H. pluvialis. This approach possesses the promising capacity to serve as a robust tool in the identification of target microalgae, addressing a challenge in the fields of biodiesel and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Shen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Chungang Wu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Song
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Jishun Shi
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
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2
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Ni C, Yang M, Yang S, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Jiang L, Xiang N. Three-dimensional inertial focusing based impedance cytometer enabling high-accuracy characterization of electrical properties of tumor cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2024. [PMID: 39132910 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00523f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The differences in the cross-sectional positions of cells in the detection area have a severe negative impact on achieving accurate characterization of the impedance spectra of cells. Herein, we proposed a three-dimensional (3D) inertial focusing based impedance cytometer integrating sheath fluid compression and inertial focusing for the high-accuracy electrical characterization and identification of tumor cells. First, we studied the effects of the particle initial position and the sheath fluid compression on particle focusing. Then, the relationship of the particle height and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the impedance signal was explored. The results showed that efficient single-line focusing of 7-20 μm particles close to the electrodes was achieved and impedance signals with a high SNR and a low coefficient of variation (CV) were obtained. Finally, the electrical properties of three types of tumor cells (A549, MDA-MB-231, and UM-UC-3 cells) were accurately characterized. Machine learning algorithms were implemented to accurately identify tumor cells based on the amplitude and phase opacities at multiple frequencies. Compared with traditional two-dimensional (2D) inertial focusing, the identification accuracy of A549, MDA-MB-231, and UM-UC-3 cells using our 3D inertial focusing increased by 57.5%, 36.4% and 36.6%, respectively. The impedance cytometer enables the detection of cells with a wide size range without causing clogging and obtains high SNR signals, improving applicability to different complex biological samples and cell identification accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Mingqi Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Shuai Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhixian Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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3
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Wu G, Zhang Z, Du M, Wu D, Zhou J, Hao T, Xie X. Optimizing Microfluidic Impedance Cytometry by Bypass Electrode Layout Design. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:204. [PMID: 38667197 PMCID: PMC11048680 DOI: 10.3390/bios14040204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic impedance cytometry (MIC) has emerged as a popular technique for single-cell analysis. Traditional MIC electrode designs consist of a pair of (or three) working electrodes, and their detection performance needs further improvements for microorganisms. In this study, we designed an 8-electrode MIC device in which the center pair was defined as the working electrode, and the connection status of bypass electrodes could be changed. This allowed us to compare the performance of layouts with no bypasses and those with floating or grounding electrodes by simulation and experiment. The results of detecting Φ 5 μm beads revealed that both the grounding and the floating electrode outperformed the no bypass electrode, and the grounding electrode demonstrated the best signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), coefficient of variation (CV), and detection sensitivity. Furthermore, the effects of different bypass grounding areas (numbers of grounding electrodes) were investigated. Finally, particles passing at high horizontal positions can be detected, and Φ 1 μm beads can be measured in a wide channel (150 μm) using a fully grounding electrode, with the sensitivity of bead volume detection reaching 0.00097%. This provides a general MIC electrode optimization technology for detecting smaller particles, even macromolecular proteins, viruses, and exosomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzu Wu
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People’s Liberation Army, Tianjin 300161, China; (G.W.); (Z.Z.)
- National Bio-Protection Engineering Center, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People’s Liberation Army, Tianjin 300161, China; (G.W.); (Z.Z.)
- National Bio-Protection Engineering Center, Tianjin 300161, China
| | - Manman Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China; (D.W.); (J.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Junting Zhou
- School of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China; (D.W.); (J.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Tianteng Hao
- School of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China; (D.W.); (J.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Xinwu Xie
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences, People’s Liberation Army, Tianjin 300161, China; (G.W.); (Z.Z.)
- National Bio-Protection Engineering Center, Tianjin 300161, China
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4
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Secme A, Kucukoglu B, Pisheh HS, Alatas YC, Tefek U, Uslu HD, Kaynak BE, Alhmoud H, Hanay MS. Dielectric Detection of Single Nanoparticles Using a Microwave Resonator Integrated with a Nanopore. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7827-7834. [PMID: 38405444 PMCID: PMC10882703 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The characterization of individual nanoparticles in a liquid constitutes a critical challenge for the environmental, material, and biological sciences. To detect nanoparticles, electronic approaches are especially desirable owing to their compactness and lower costs. While electronic detection in the form of resistive-pulse sensing has enabled the acquisition of geometric properties of various analytes, impedimetric measurements to obtain dielectric signatures of nanoparticles have scarcely been reported. To explore this orthogonal sensing modality, we developed an impedimetric sensor based on a microwave resonator with a nanoscale sensing gap surrounding a nanopore built on a 220 nm silicon nitride membrane. The microwave resonator has a coplanar waveguide configuration with a resonance frequency of approximately 6.6 GHz. The approach of single nanoparticles near the sensing region and their translocation through the nanopores induced sudden changes in the impedance of the structure. The impedance changes, in turn, were picked up by the phase response of the microwave resonator. We worked with 100 and 50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles to observe single-particle events. Our current implementation was limited by the nonuniform electric field at the sensing region. This work provides a complementary sensing modality for nanoparticle characterization, where the dielectric response, rather than ionic current, determines the signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arda Secme
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Berk Kucukoglu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hadi S. Pisheh
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Ceren Alatas
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Uzay Tefek
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hatice Dilara Uslu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Batuhan E. Kaynak
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Hashim Alhmoud
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - M. Selim Hanay
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- UNAM
− Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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Chen J, Zhong J, Chang Y, Zhou Y, Koo SH, Tan TY, Lei H, Ai Y. Rapid and Accurate Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Using Label-Free Electrical Impedance-Based Microfluidic Platform. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2303352. [PMID: 37794624 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious threat to the global public health. Accurate and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) allows evidence-based prescribing of antibiotics to improve patient care and clinical outcomes. Current culture-based AST assays are inherently limited by the doubling time of bacterial reproduction, which require at least 24 h to have a decisive result. Herein, a label-free electrical impedance-based microfluidic platform designed to expedite and streamline AST procedure for clinical practice is presented. Following a 30-min exposure of bacterial samples to antibiotics, the presented high-throughput, single-bacterium level impedance characterization platform enables a rapid 2-min AST assay. The platform facilitates accurate analysis of individual bacterial viability, as indicated by changes in electrical characteristics, thereby enabling the determination of antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, the potential clinical applicability of this platform is demonstrated by testing different E. coli strains against five antibiotics, yielding 100% categorical agreements compared to standard culture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianwei Zhong
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Yifu Chang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Yinning Zhou
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Seok Hwee Koo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore
| | - Thean Yen Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
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6
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Wang T, Fang Q, Huang L. Investigation of geometry-dependent sensing characteristics of microfluidic for single-cell 3D localization. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:014102. [PMID: 38197766 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Flow cytometry-based measurement techniques have been widely used for single-cell characterizations, such as impedance, size, and dielectric properties. However, in the measurement process, the reliability of the output measurement signal directly affects the ability of the microsystem to judge the characteristics of single cells. Here, we designed a multiple nonparallel electrode structure for single-cell 3D localization. The performance of the structures was studied by analyzing the changes in electric field strength and the output differential current. The effects of microchannel height, sensing electrode distance, electrode inclination angle, and electrode width on output signals are investigated by analyzing the current change and electric field strength of single cells passing from the center of the microchannel. The numerical simulation results indicate that, when the microchannel height is 20 µm, the distance of the sensing electrodes is 100 µm, the inclination angle is 30°, the electrode width is 20 µm, and the optimal signal quality can be obtained. Reducing the height of the flow channel and shortening the sensing electrode spacing can significantly improve the signal amplitude. When the channel height is 20 µm, the signal intensity increases by 80% than that of 30 µm. The signal intensity of induced current with the sensing electrode spacing of 100 µm is 42% higher than that with the spacing of 120 µm. We analyzed the presence of multiple independent cells and adherent cells in the detection area and demonstrated through simulation that the signal changes caused by multi-cells can be superimposed by multiple single-cell signals. The induced current signal intensity of the same volume of cells with an ellipticity of 1 is 49% lower than that of cells with an ellipticity of 4. Based on the numerical investigation, we expect that the optimal geometry structure design will aid in the development of better performance signal cell impedance cytometry microsystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument and School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument and School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument and School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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Tefek U, Sari B, Alhmoud HZ, Hanay MS. Permittivity-Based Microparticle Classification by the Integration of Impedance Cytometry and Microwave Resonators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304072. [PMID: 37498158 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Permittivity of microscopic particles can be used as a classification parameter for applications in materials and environmental sciences. However, directly measuring the permittivity of individual microparticles has proven to be challenging due to the convoluting effect of particle size on capacitive signals. To overcome this challenge, a sensing platform is built to independently obtain both the geometric and electric size of a particle, by combining impedance cytometry and microwave resonant sensing in a microfluidic chip. This way the microwave signal, which contains both permittivity and size effects, can be normalized by the size information provided by impedance cytometry to yield an intensive parameter that depends only on permittivity. The technique allows to differentiate between polystyrene and soda lime glass microparticles-below 22 µm in diameter-with more than 94% accuracy, despite their similar sizes and electrical characteristics. Furthermore, it is shown that the same technique can be used to differentiate between normal healthy cells and fixed cells of the same geometric size. The technique offers a potential route for targeted applications such as environmental monitoring of microplastic pollution or quality control in pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzay Tefek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Burak Sari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sabanci University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey
| | - Hashim Z Alhmoud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Mehmet S Hanay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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Tang T, Julian T, Ma D, Yang Y, Li M, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. A review on intelligent impedance cytometry systems: Development, applications and advances. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1269:341424. [PMID: 37290859 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Impedance cytometry is a well-established technique for counting and analyzing single cells, with several advantages, such as convenience, high throughput, and no labeling required. A typical experiment consists of the following steps: single-cell measurement, signal processing, data calibration, and particle subtype identification. At the beginning of this article, we compared commercial and self-developed options extensively and provided references for developing reliable detection systems, which are necessary for cell measurement. Then, a number of typical impedance metrics and their relationships to biophysical properties of cells were analyzed with respect to the impedance signal analysis. Given the rapid advances of intelligent impedance cytometry in the past decade, this article also discussed the development of representative machine learning-based approaches and systems, and their applications in data calibration and particle identification. Finally, the remaining challenges facing the field were summarized, and potential future directions for each step of impedance detection were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Trisna Julian
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Doudou Ma
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan; Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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9
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Dong A, Sohn L, Lustig M. Metal-pad-enhanced resistive pulse sensor reveals complex-valued Braess paradox. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:014408. [PMID: 37583237 PMCID: PMC10829567 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.014408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A resistive pulse sensor measures the electrical impedance of an electrolyte-filled channel as particles flow through it. Ordinarily, the presence of a nonconductive particle increases the impedance of the channel. Here we report a surprising experimental result in which a microfluidic resistive pulse sensor experiences the opposite effect: The presence of a nonconductive particle decreases the channel impedance. We explain the counterintuitive phenomenon by relating to the Braess paradox from traffic network theory, and we call it the complex-valued Braess paradox (CVBP). We develop theoretical models to study the CVBP and corroborate the experimental data using finite element simulations and lumped-element circuit modeling. We then discuss implications and potential applications of the CVBP in resistive pulse sensing and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Lydia Sohn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Michael Lustig
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Bouzid K, Greener J, Carrara S, Gosselin B. Portable impedance-sensing device for microorganism characterization in the field. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10526. [PMID: 37386229 PMCID: PMC10310846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of biosensors have been proposed to quickly detect and measure the properties of individual microorganisms among heterogeneous populations, but challenges related to cost, portability, stability, sensitivity, and power consumption limit their applicability. This study proposes a portable microfluidic device based on impedance flow-cytometry and electrical impedance spectroscopy that can detect and quantify the size of microparticles larger than 45 µm, such as algae and microplastics. The system is low cost ($300), portable (5 cm [Formula: see text] 5 cm), low-power (1.2 W), and easily fabricated utilizing a 3D-printer and industrial printed circuit board technology. The main novelty we demonstrate is the use of square wave excitation signal for impedance measurements with quadrature phase-sensitive detectors. A linked algorithm removes the errors associated to higher order harmonics. After validating the performance of the device for complex impedance models, we used it to detect and differentiate between polyethylene microbeads of sizes between 63 and 83 µm, and buccal cells between 45 and 70 µm. A precision of 3% is reported for the measured impedance and a minimum size of 45 µm is reported for the particle characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bouzid
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laval University, Quebec-City, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Jesse Greener
- Department of Chemistry, Laval University, Quebec-City, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sandro Carrara
- Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Gosselin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laval University, Quebec-City, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Warren MA, Shakouri A, Pacheco-Peña V, Hallam T. Development of a Novel Design of Microfluidic Impedance Cytometry for Improved Sensitivity and Cell Identification. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18882-18890. [PMID: 37273599 PMCID: PMC10233676 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing issue for microfluidic impedance cytometry devices is the accuracy in determining the size of cells during counting and measurements. In this paper, we introduce a novel design that produces a homogeneous electric field in the sensing region and demonstrates higher accuracy than traditional designs in cell counting and sizing, reducing the reliance on cell focusing and signal postprocessing. The concept is validated, and the increased accuracy of the device over traditional designs is demonstrated through the use of finite element simulations to generate suitable data sets for particle trajectories and model expected signal variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Warren
- School
of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Shakouri
- School
of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Víctor Pacheco-Peña
- School
of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Hallam
- School
of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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12
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Fang Q, Feng Y, Zhu J, Huang L, Wang W. Floating-Electrode-Enabled Impedance Cytometry for Single-Cell 3D Localization. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6374-6382. [PMID: 36996369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
As a label-free, low-cost, and noninvasive tool, impedance measurement has been widely used in single-cell characterization analysis. However, due to the tiny volume of cells, the uncertainty of the spatial position in the microchannel will bring measurement errors in single-cell electrical parameters. To overcome the issue, we designed a novel microdevice configured with a coplanar differential electrode structure to accurately resolve the spatial position of single cells without constraining techniques such as additional sheath fluids or narrow microchannels. The device precisely localizes single cells by measuring the induced current generated by the combined action of the floating electrode and the differential electrodes when single cells flow through the electrode-sensing area. The device was experimentally validated by measuring 6 μm yeast cells and 10 μm particles, achieving spatial localization with a resolution down to 2.1 μm (about 5.3% of the channel width) in lateral direction and 1.2 μm (about 5.9% of the channel height) in the vertical direction at a flow rate of 1.2 μL/min. In addition, by comparing measurement of yeast cells and particles, it was demonstrated that the device not only localizes the single cells or particles but also simultaneously characterizes their status properties such as velocity and size. The device offers a competitive electrode configuration in impedance cytometry with the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and high throughput, promising cell localization and thus electrical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument and School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yongxiang Feng
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junwen Zhu
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument and School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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de Bruijn DS, Ten Eikelder HRA, Papadimitriou VA, Olthuis W, van den Berg A. Supervised machine learning in microfluidic impedance flow cytometry for improved particle size determination. Cytometry A 2023; 103:221-226. [PMID: 36908134 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of particle and cell size in electrical microfluidic flow cytometers has become common practice. Nevertheless, in flow cytometers with coplanar electrodes accurate determination of particle size is difficult, owing to the inhomogeneous electric field. Pre-defined signal templates and compensation methods have been introduced to correct for this positional dependence, but are cumbersome when dealing with irregular signal shapes. We introduce a simple and accurate post-processing method without the use of pre-defined signal templates and compensation functions using supervised machine learning. We implemented a multiple linear regression model and show an average reduction of the particle diameter variation by 37% with respect to an earlier processing method based on a feature extraction algorithm and compensation function. Furthermore, we demonstrate its application in flow cytometry by determining the size distribution of a population of small (4.6 ± 0.9 μm) and large (5.9 ± 0.8 μm) yeast cells. The improved performance of this coplanar, two electrode chip enables precise cell size determination in easy to fabricate impedance flow cytometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe S de Bruijn
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus R A Ten Eikelder
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter Olthuis
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, The Netherlands
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14
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Bertelsen CV, Skands GE, González Díaz M, Dimaki M, Svendsen WE. Using Impedance Flow Cytometry for Rapid Viability Classification of Heat-Treated Bacteria. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7714-7721. [PMID: 36873038 PMCID: PMC9979241 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the future, rapid electrical characterization of cells with impedance flow cytometry promises to be a fast and accurate method for the evaluation of cell properties. In this paper, we investigate how the conductivity of the suspending medium along with the heat exposure time affects the viability classification of heat-treated E. coli. Using a theoretical model, we show that perforation of the bacteria membrane during heat exposure changes the impedance of the bacterial cell from effectively less conducting than the suspension medium to effectively more conducting. Consequently, this results in a shift in the differential argument of the complex electrical current that can be measured with impedance flow cytometry. We observe this shift experimentally through measurements on E. coli samples with varying medium conductivity and heat exposure times. We show that increased exposure time and lower medium conductivity results in improved classification between untreated and heat-treated bacteria. The best classification was achieved with a medium conductivity of 0.045 S/m after 30 min of heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vinther Bertelsen
- DTU
Bioengineering, Technical University of
Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- SBT
Instruments A/S, Symfonivej
37, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Maria Dimaki
- DTU
Bioengineering, Technical University of
Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Winnie Edith Svendsen
- DTU
Bioengineering, Technical University of
Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Yang B, Wang C, Liang X, Li J, Li S, Wu JJ, Su T, Li J. Label-Free Sensing of Cell Viability Using a Low-Cost Impedance Cytometry Device. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14020407. [PMID: 36838107 PMCID: PMC9963508 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cell viability is an essential physiological status for drug screening. While cell staining is a conventional cell viability analysis method, dye staining is usually cytotoxic. Alternatively, impedance cytometry provides a straightforward and label-free sensing approach for the assessment of cell viability. A key element of impedance cytometry is its sensing electrodes. Most state-of-the-art electrodes are made of expensive metals, microfabricated by lithography, with a typical size of ten microns. In this work, we proposed a low-cost microfluidic impedance cytometry device with 100-micron wide indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes to achieve a comparable performance to the 10-micron wide Au electrodes. The effectiveness was experimentally verified as 7 μm beads can be distinguished from 10 μm beads. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest geometry ratio of the target to the sensing unit in the impedance cytometry technology. Furthermore, a cell viability test was performed on MCF-7 cells. The proposed double differential impedance cytometry device has successfully differentiated the living and dead MCF-7 cells with a throughput of ~1000 cells/s. The label-free and low-cost, high-throughput impedance cytometry could benefit drug screening, fundamental biological research and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jinchao Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (J.J.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jie Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37919, USA
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (J.J.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Tanbin Su
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interactions, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (J.J.W.); (J.L.)
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16
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Eades J, Audiffred JF, Fincher M, Choi JW, Soper SA, Monroe WT. A Simple Micromilled Microfluidic Impedance Cytometer with Vertical Parallel Electrodes for Cell Viability Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:283. [PMID: 36837983 PMCID: PMC9959585 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic impedance cytometry has been demonstrated as an effective platform for single cell analysis, taking advantage of microfabricated features and dielectric cell sensing methods. In this study, we present a simple microfluidic device to improve the sensitivity, accuracy, and throughput of single suspension cell viability analysis using vertical sidewall electrodes fabricated by a widely accessible negative manufacturing method. A microchannel milled through a 75 µm platinum wire, which was embedded into poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA), created a pair of parallel vertical sidewall platinum electrodes. Jurkat cells were interrogated in a custom low-conductivity buffer (1.2 ± 0.04 mS/cm) to reduce current leakage and increase device sensitivity. Confirmed by live/dead staining and electron microscopy, a single optimum excitation frequency of 2 MHz was identified at which live and dead cells were discriminated based on the disruption in the cell membrane associated with cell death. At this frequency, live cells were found to exhibit changes in the impedance phase with no appreciable change in magnitude, while dead cells displayed the opposite behavior. Correlated with video microscopy, a computational algorithm was created that could identify cell detection events and determine cell viability status by application of a mathematical correlation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Eades
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Julianne F. Audiffred
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Micah Fincher
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jin-Woo Choi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
- Center of Biomodular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66044, USA
| | - William Todd Monroe
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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17
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Priyadarshi N, Abbasi U, Kumaran V, Chowdhury P. A new approach for accurate determination of particle sizes in microfluidic impedance cytometry. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0015006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In microfluidic impedance cytometry, the change in impedance is recorded as an individual cell passes through a channel between electrodes deposited on its walls, and the particle size is inferred from the amplitude of the impedance signal using calibration. However, because the current density is nonuniform between electrodes of finite width, there could be an error in the particle size measurement because of uncertainty about the location of the particle in the channel cross section. Here, a correlation is developed relating the particle size to the signal amplitude and the velocity of the particle through the channel. The latter is inferred from the time interval between the two extrema in the impedance curve as the particle passes through a channel with cross-sectional dimensions of 50 μm (width) × 30 μm (height) with two pairs of parallel facing electrodes. The change in impedance is predicted using 3D COMSOL finite-element simulations, and a theoretical correlation that is independent of particle size is formulated to correct the particle diameter for variations in the cross-sectional location. With this correlation, the standard deviation in the experimental data is reduced by a factor of two to close to the standard deviation reported in the manufacturer specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Priyadarshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - U. Abbasi
- Pratimesh Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - V. Kumaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - P. Chowdhury
- Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Surface Engineering Division, CSIR–National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore 560017, India
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cole T, Zheng J, Bayinqiaoge, Guo J, Tang SY. Microfluidic flow cytometry for blood-based biomarker analysis. Analyst 2022; 147:2895-2917. [PMID: 35611964 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00283c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry has proven its capability for rapid and quantitative analysis of individual cells and the separation of targeted biological samples from others. The emerging microfluidics technology makes it possible to develop portable microfluidic diagnostic devices for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. Microfluidic flow cytometry (MFCM), where flow cytometry and microfluidics are combined to achieve similar or even superior functionalities on microfluidic chips, provides a powerful single-cell characterisation and sorting tool for various biological samples. In recent years, researchers have made great progress in the development of the MFCM including focusing, detecting, and sorting subsystems, and its unique capabilities have been demonstrated in various biological applications. Moreover, liquid biopsy using blood can provide various physiological and pathological information. Thus, biomarkers from blood are regarded as meaningful circulating transporters of signal molecules or particles and have great potential to be used as non (or minimally)-invasive diagnostic tools. In this review, we summarise the recent progress of the key subsystems for MFCM and its achievements in blood-based biomarker analysis. Finally, foresight is offered to highlight the research challenges faced by MFCM in expanding into blood-based POCT applications, potentially yielding commercialisation opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Chengdu Centre of Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tim Cole
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jiahao Zheng
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Bayinqiaoge
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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19
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20
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Petchakup C, Yang H, Gong L, He L, Tay HM, Dalan R, Chung AJ, Li KHH, Hou HW. Microfluidic Impedance-Deformability Cytometry for Label-Free Single Neutrophil Mechanophenotyping. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104822. [PMID: 35253966 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic biophysical states of neutrophils are associated with immune dysfunctions in diseases. While advanced image-based biophysical flow cytometers can probe cell deformability at high throughput, it is nontrivial to couple different sensing modalities (e.g., electrical) to measure other critical cell attributes including cell viability and membrane integrity. Herein, an "optics-free" impedance-deformability cytometer for multiparametric single cell mechanophenotyping is reported. The microfluidic platform integrates hydrodynamic cell pinching, and multifrequency impedance quantification of cell size, deformability, and membrane impedance (indicative of cell viability and activation). A newly-defined "electrical deformability index" is validated by numerical simulations, and shows strong correlations with the optical cell deformability index of HL-60 experimentally. Human neutrophils treated with various biochemical stimul are further profiled, and distinct differences in multimodal impedance signatures and UMAP analysis are observed. Overall, the integrated cytometer enables label-free cell profiling at throughput of >1000 cells min-1 without any antibodies labeling to facilitate clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayakorn Petchakup
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Haoning Yang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lingyan Gong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Linwei He
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Tay
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Endocrinology Department, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng Road, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Aram J Chung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - King Ho Holden Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building Level 11, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
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21
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Zhou C, Shen H, Feng H, Yan Z, Ji B, Yuan X, Zhang R, Chang H. Enhancing signals of microfluidic impedance cytometry through optimization of microelectrode array. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2156-2164. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhou
- Unmanned System Research Institute Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Hailong Shen
- Unmanned System Research Institute Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Huicheng Feng
- Unmanned System Research Institute Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics South China Normal University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Bowen Ji
- Unmanned System Research Institute Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Xichen Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Ruirong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an P. R. China
- Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU Taicang P. R. China
| | - Honglong Chang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an P. R. China
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22
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Zhang Z, Huang X, Liu K, Lan T, Wang Z, Zhu Z. Recent Advances in Electrical Impedance Sensing Technology for Single-Cell Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:470. [PMID: 34821686 PMCID: PMC8615761 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity is of significance in cell-based assays for life science, biomedicine and clinical diagnostics. Electrical impedance sensing technology has become a powerful tool, allowing for rapid, non-invasive, and label-free acquisition of electrical parameters of single cells. These electrical parameters, i.e., equivalent cell resistance, membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity, are closely related to cellular biophysical properties and dynamic activities, such as size, morphology, membrane intactness, growth state, and proliferation. This review summarizes basic principles, analytical models and design concepts of single-cell impedance sensing devices, including impedance flow cytometry (IFC) to detect flow-through single cells and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to monitor immobilized single cells. Then, recent advances of both electrical impedance sensing systems applied in cell recognition, cell counting, viability detection, phenotypic assay, cell screening, and other cell detection are presented. Finally, prospects of impedance sensing technology in single-cell analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Tiancong Lan
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Zixin Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.); (T.L.)
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23
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Determining Particle Size and Position in a Coplanar Electrode Setup Using Measured Opacity for Microfluidic Cytometry. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11100353. [PMID: 34677309 PMCID: PMC8533872 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic impedance flow cytometers enable high-throughput, non-invasive, and label-free detection of single-cells. Cytometers with coplanar electrodes are easy and cheap to fabricate, but are sensitive to positional differences of passing particles, owing to the inhomogeneous electric field. We present a novel particle height compensation method, which employs the dependence of measured electrical opacity on particle height. The measured electrical opacity correlates with the particle height as a result of the constant electrical double layer series capacitance of the electrodes. As an alternative to existing compensation methods, we use only two coplanar electrodes and multi-frequency analysis to determine the particle size of a mixture of 5, 6, and 7 µm polystyrene beads with an accuracy (CV) of 5.8%, 4.0%, and 2.9%, respectively. Additionally, we can predict the bead height with an accuracy of 1.5 µm (8% of channel height) using the measured opacity and we demonstrate its application in flow cytometry with yeast. The use of only two electrodes is of special interest for simplified, easy-to-use chips with a minimum amount of instrumentation and of limited size.
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24
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Zhong J, Liang M, Ai Y. Submicron-precision particle characterization in microfluidic impedance cytometry with double differential electrodes. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2869-2880. [PMID: 34236057 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00481f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Submicron-precision particle characterization is crucial for counting, sizing and identifying a variety of biological particles, such as bacteria and apoptotic bodies. Microfluidic impedance cytometry has been attractive in current research for microparticle characterization due to its advantages of label-free detection, ease of miniaturization and affordability. However, conventional electrode configurations of three electrodes and floating electrodes have not yet demonstrated the capability of probing submicron particles or microparticles with a submicron size difference. In this study, we present a label-free high-throughput (∼800 particles per second) impedance-based microfluidic flow cytometry system integrated with a novel design of a double differential electrode configuration, enabling submicron particle detection (down to 0.4 μm) with a minimum size resolution of 200 nm. The signal-to-noise ratio has been boosted from 13.98 dB to 32.64 dB compared to a typical three-electrode configuration. With the proposed microfluidic impedance cytometry, we have shown results of sizing microparticles that accurately correlate with manufacturers' datasheets (R2 = 0.99938). It also shows that population ratios of differently sized beads in mixture samples are consistent with the results given by commercial fluorescence-based flow cytometry (within ∼1% difference). This work provides a label-free approach with submicron precision for sizing and counting microscale and submicron particles, and a new avenue of designing electrode configurations with a feature of suppressing the electrical noise for accomplishing a high signal-to-noise ratio in a wide range of frequencies. This novel double differential impedance sensing system paves a new pathway for real-time analysis and accurate particle screening in pathological and pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhong
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Minhui Liang
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
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25
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Zhu S, Zhang X, Chen M, Tang D, Han Y, Xiang N, Ni Z. An easy-fabricated and disposable polymer-film microfluidic impedance cytometer for cell sensing. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1175:338759. [PMID: 34330437 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report here an easy-fabricated and disposable polymer-film microfluidic impedance cytometer (PMIC) integrated with inertial focusing and parallel facing electrodes for cell sensing. The cells are first focused in an asymmetric serpentine channel, and then their impedance signals are measured when passing through the electrode region. The proposed PMIC device is the first impedance cytometer that is fabricated into a flexible sheet (with a thickness of 0.45 mm) by using the materials of commonly-available ITO-coated polymer films and double-sided adhesive tapes, the whole fabrication process is shortened from traditional 3-4 days to less than 5 min by using UV laser cutting. To verify the feasibility of our device for cell sensing, we explore the focusing behaviors of three differently sized particles and two types of tumor cells, and analyze their impedance signals. The results show that our device is capable of obtaining impedance information on numbers, diameters, and longitudinal positions of cells. We envision that our PMIC device is promising in label-free cell sensing owning to the advantages of low cost, small footprint, and simple fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Mu Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Dezhi Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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Zhu S, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Han Y, Xiang N, Ni Z. Microfluidic impedance cytometry for single-cell sensing: Review on electrode configurations. Talanta 2021; 233:122571. [PMID: 34215067 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis has gained considerable attention for disease diagnosis, drug screening, and differentiation monitoring. Compared to the well-established flow cytometry, which uses fluorescent-labeled antibodies, microfluidic impedance cytometry (MIC) offers a simple, label-free, and noninvasive method for counting, classifying, and monitoring cells. Superior features including a small footprint, low reagent consumption, and ease of use have also been reported. The MIC device detects changes in the impedance signal caused by cells passing through the sensing/electric field zone, which can extract information regarding the size, shape, and dielectric properties of these cells. According to recent studies, electrode configuration has a remarkable effect on detection accuracy, sensitivity, and throughput. With the improvement in microfabrication technology, various electrode configurations have been reported for improving detection accuracy and throughput. However, the various electrode configurations of MIC devices have not been reviewed. In this review, the theoretical background of the impedance technique for single-cell analysis is introduced. Then, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and liquid electrode configurations are discussed separately; their sensing mechanisms, fabrication processes, advantages, disadvantages, and applications are also described in detail. Finally, the current limitations and future perspectives of these electrode configurations are summarized. The main aim of this review is to offer a guide for researchers on the ongoing advancement in electrode configuration designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, And Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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Sarno B, Heineck D, Heller MJ, Ibsen SD. Dielectrophoresis: Developments and applications from 2010 to 2020. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:539-564. [PMID: 33191521 PMCID: PMC7986072 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The 20th century has seen tremendous innovation of dielectrophoresis (DEP) technologies, with applications being developed in areas ranging from industrial processing to micro- and nanoscale biotechnology. From 2010 to present day, there have been 981 publications about DEP. Of over 2600 DEP patents held by the United States Patent and Trademark Office, 106 were filed in 2019 alone. This review focuses on DEP-based technologies and application developments between 2010 and 2020, with an aim to highlight the progress and to identify potential areas for future research. A major trend over the last 10 years has been the use of DEP techniques for biological and clinical applications. It has been used in various forms on a diverse array of biologically derived molecules and particles to manipulate and study them including proteins, exosomes, bacteria, yeast, stem cells, cancer cells, and blood cells. DEP has also been used to manipulate nano- and micron-sized particles in order to fabricate different structures. The next 10 years are likely to see the increase in DEP-related patent applications begin to result in a greater level of technology commercialization. Also during this time, innovations in DEP technology will likely be leveraged to continue the existing trend to further biological and medical-focused applications as well as applications in microfabrication. As a tool leveraged by engineering and imaginative scientific design, DEP offers unique capabilities to manipulate small particles in precise ways that can help solve problems and enable scientific inquiry that cannot be addressed using conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sarno
- Oregon Health and Science University–The Knight Cancer Institute's Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research CenterPortlandORUSA
- University of California San Diego–NanoengineeringLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Daniel Heineck
- Oregon Health and Science University–The Knight Cancer Institute's Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research CenterPortlandORUSA
| | - Michael J. Heller
- Oregon Health and Science University–The Knight Cancer Institute's Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research CenterPortlandORUSA
- University of California San Diego–NanoengineeringLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Stuart D. Ibsen
- Oregon Health and Science University–The Knight Cancer Institute's Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research CenterPortlandORUSA
- Oregon Health and Science University–Biomedical EngineeringPortlandORUSA
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Honrado C, Bisegna P, Swami NS, Caselli F. Single-cell microfluidic impedance cytometry: from raw signals to cell phenotypes using data analytics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:22-54. [PMID: 33331376 PMCID: PMC7909465 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00840k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The biophysical analysis of single-cells by microfluidic impedance cytometry is emerging as a label-free and high-throughput means to stratify the heterogeneity of cellular systems based on their electrophysiology. Emerging applications range from fundamental life-science and drug assessment research to point-of-care diagnostics and precision medicine. Recently, novel chip designs and data analytic strategies are laying the foundation for multiparametric cell characterization and subpopulation distinction, which are essential to understand biological function, follow disease progression and monitor cell behaviour in microsystems. In this tutorial review, we present a comparative survey of the approaches to elucidate cellular and subcellular features from impedance cytometry data, covering the related subjects of device design, data analytics (i.e., signal processing, dielectric modelling, population clustering), and phenotyping applications. We give special emphasis to the exciting recent developments of the technique (timeframe 2017-2020) and provide our perspective on future challenges and directions. Its synergistic application with microfluidic separation, sensor science and machine learning can form an essential toolkit for label-free quantification and isolation of subpopulations to stratify heterogeneous biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Honrado
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
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Continuous microfluidic 3D focusing enabling microflow cytometry for single-cell analysis. Talanta 2021; 221:121401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Daguerre H, Solsona M, Cottet J, Gauthier M, Renaud P, Bolopion A. Positional dependence of particles and cells in microfluidic electrical impedance flow cytometry: origin, challenges and opportunities. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3665-3689. [PMID: 32914827 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00616e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic electrical impedance flow cytometry is now a well-known and established method for single-cell analysis. Given the richness of the information provided by impedance measurements, this non-invasive and label-free approach can be used in a wide field of applications ranging from simple cell counting to disease diagnostics. One of its major limitations is the variation of the impedance signal with the position of the cell in the sensing area. Indeed, identical particles traveling along different trajectories do not result in the same data. The positional dependence can be considered as a challenge for the accuracy of microfluidic impedance cytometers. On the other hand, it has recently been regarded by several groups as an opportunity to estimate the position of particles in the microchannel and thus take a further step in the logic of integrating sensors in so-called "Lab-on-a-chip" devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physical grounds of the positional dependence of impedance measurements. Then, both the developed strategies to reduce position influence in impedance-based assays and the recent reported technologies exploiting that dependence for the integration of position detection in microfluidic devices are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Daguerre
- FEMTO-ST Institute, CNRS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AS2M Department, 24 rue Alain Savary, F-25000 Besançon, France.
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31
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Han Z, Chen L, Zhang S, Wang J, Duan X. Label-Free and Simultaneous Mechanical and Electrical Characterization of Single Plant Cells Using Microfluidic Impedance Flow Cytometry. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14568-14575. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lincai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhang H, Ding W, Li S, Ya S, Li F, Qiu B. On-chip analysis of magnetically labeled cells with integrated cell sorting and counting techniques. Talanta 2020; 220:121351. [PMID: 32928389 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In studies on cell therapies, cells often need to be magnetically labeled and then tracked using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. To achieve good imaging performance on infused cells, the analysis of the sorted, labeled cells before infusion is necessary. Herein, we developed a microfluidic chip to quantitatively analyze magnetically labeled cells. The chip was equipped with a magnetophoresis-based cell sorting function and an impedance-based cell counting function. Using RAW264.7 macrophages, we confirmed the two functions of the chip, obtained the number and the magnetic loading distribution of the sorted, labeled cells, and ultimately demonstrated the broad applications of the chip in rapidly selecting a proper flow rate for the buffer solution in the cell sorting process, determining the total average magnetic loading of the labeled cells for the cell labeling process, and offering a necessary reference for the processing of the sorted cells for high performance in vivo imaging. This work provides an integrated lab-on-a-chip design for quantitatively analyzing magnetically labeled cells and thus can promote MRI-based cell-tracking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
| | - Shibo Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Shengnan Ya
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Fenfen Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
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Honrado C, McGrath JS, Reale R, Bisegna P, Swami NS, Caselli F. A neural network approach for real-time particle/cell characterization in microfluidic impedance cytometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3835-3845. [PMID: 32189012 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic applications such as active particle sorting or selective enrichment require particle classification techniques that are capable of working in real time. In this paper, we explore the use of neural networks for fast label-free particle characterization during microfluidic impedance cytometry. A recurrent neural network is designed to process data from a novel impedance chip layout for enabling real-time multiparametric analysis of the measured impedance data streams. As demonstrated with both synthetic and experimental datasets, the trained network is able to characterize with good accuracy size, velocity, and cross-sectional position of beads, red blood cells, and yeasts, with a unitary prediction time of 0.4 ms. The proposed approach can be extended to other device designs and cell types for electrical parameter extraction. This combination of microfluidic impedance cytometry and machine learning can serve as a stepping stone to real-time single-cell analysis and sorting. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Honrado
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - John S McGrath
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Riccardo Reale
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Bisegna
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Nathan S Swami
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
| | - Frederica Caselli
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Zhao W, Tian S, Huang L, Liu K, Dong L. The review of Lab-on-PCB for biomedical application. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1433-1445. [PMID: 31945803 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of infectious diseases, diagnosis of diseases, and determination of treatment options all rely on biosensors to detect and analyze biomarkers, which are usually divided into four parts: cell analysis, biochemical analysis, immunoassay, and molecular diagnosis. However, traditional biosensing devices are expensive, bulky, and require a lot of time to detect, which also limited its application in resource-limited areas. In recent years, Lab-on-PCB, which combines biosensing technology and PCB technology, has been widely used in biomedical applications due to its high integration, personalized design, and easy mass production. Among these Lab-on-PCB sensing devices, the PCB circuit plays an important role. It can be directly used as a resistance sensor to count cells, and also used as a control device to automatically control the detection device. Flexible PCBs can be used to make wearable medical biosensors. In addition, due to the high degree of integration of the PCB circuit, Lab-on-PCB can perform multiple inspections on the same platform, which reduces the inspection time equivalently. Therefore, in this review paper, we discuss the application of Lab-on-PCB in four analysis methods of cell analysis, biochemical analysis, immunoassay, and molecular diagnosis, and give some suggestions for improvement and future development trends at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhao
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shulin Tian
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Dong
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Yang D, Ai Y. Microfluidic impedance cytometry device with N-shaped electrodes for lateral position measurement of single cells/particles. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3609-3617. [PMID: 31517354 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00819e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tracking the lateral position of single cells and particles plays an important role in evaluating the efficiency of microfluidic cell focusing, separation and sorting. In this work, we present an N-shaped electrode-based microfluidic impedance cytometry device for the measurement of the lateral position of single cells and particles in continuous flows. Specifically, a simple analytical expression for determining the particle lateral position is derived from the measured electrical signal and geometry relationship among the positions of the flowing particles, electrodes and microchannel. This microfluidic system is experimentally validated by measuring the lateral positions of 5, 7 and 10 μm diameter beads and human red blood cells (RBCs) flowing in a 200 μm wide channel at varying flow rates up to 59.3 μl min-1. Statistical analyses show a good correlation (R2 = 0.99) and agreement (Bland-Altman analysis) between our results and those obtained by a microscopy imaging method. The resolution of our system reflected by the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) is 10.3 μm (5.15% of the channel width) for 5 and 10 μm beads, and 11.4 μm (5.7% of the channel width) for RBCs at a flow rate of 42.4 μl min-1. Compared to the existing impedance-based methods for measuring the particle lateral position, we achieve the highest resolution, highest flow rate and smallest measured particle size (3.6 μm beads). The experimental results of the mixture with 5 and 10 μm beads demonstrate that our device does not merely measure the lateral position of single particles or cells, but also can characterize their physical properties (e.g., size) simultaneously. Furthermore, we demonstrate the position monitoring of sheath flow-induced particle focusing, which is in quantitative agreement with the results by imaging quantification. With the advantages of rapid and accurate processing of electrical signal and high throughput of the impedance flow cytometry, this novel N-shaped electrode-based system can be easily integrated with other microfluidic platforms as a downstream approach for the real-time measurement of the lateral position and physical properties of single cells and particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahou Yang
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
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Xie X, Zhang Z, Ge X, Zhao X, Hao L, Cheng Z, Zhou W, Du Y, Wang L, Tian F, Xu X. Particle Self-Aligning, Focusing, and Electric Impedance Microcytometer Device for Label-Free Single Cell Morphology Discrimination and Yeast Budding Analysis. Anal Chem 2019; 91:13398-13406. [PMID: 31596074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic electric impedance flow cytometry (IFC) devices have been applied in single cell analysis, such as cell counting, volume discrimination, cell viability, etc. A cell's shape provides specific information about cellular physiological and pathological conditions, especially in microorganisms such as yeast. In this study, the particle orientation focusing was theoretically analyzed and realized by hydrodynamics. The pulse width (passing time for the particles) of the conductance signal was used to discriminate particle shapes. Spherical and rod-shaped particles with similar volumes/lengths were differentiated by the IFC device, using the impedance pulse parameters of the events. Then, typical late-budding, early budding, and unbudded yeast cells were distinguished by the width, amplitude, and ratio of width to amplitude (R) of the impedance pulse. The pulse amplitude and the R combination gate for identifying the late-budding yeast was estimated through the statistic results. Using the gate, the late-budding rates under different conditions were calculated. Late-budding rates obtained using our method showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.83) with the manual cell counting result and represented the budding status of yeast cells under different conditions proficiently. Thus, the late-budding rate calculated using the above method can be used as a qualitative parameter to assess the reproductive performance of yeast and whether a yeast culturing environment is optimal. This IFC device and cell shape discrimination method is very simple and could be applied in the fermentation industry and other microorganisms' discrimination as a rapid analysis technique in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwu Xie
- Institute of Medical Support Technology , Academy of Military Science , No.106 Wandong Road , Hedong District, Tianjin 300161 , China.,National Bio-Protection Engineering Center , No.106 Wandong Road , Hedong District, Tianjin 300161 , China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Institute of Medical Support Technology , Academy of Military Science , No.106 Wandong Road , Hedong District, Tianjin 300161 , China.,School of Electronic Information and Automation , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No.1038 Dagunan Road , Hexi District, Tianjin 300222 , China
| | - Xiang Ge
- Institute of Medical Support Technology , Academy of Military Science , No.106 Wandong Road , Hedong District, Tianjin 300161 , China.,School of Electronic Information and Automation , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No.1038 Dagunan Road , Hexi District, Tianjin 300222 , China
| | - Xiaohao Zhao
- Institute of Medical Support Technology , Academy of Military Science , No.106 Wandong Road , Hedong District, Tianjin 300161 , China.,School of Electronic Information and Automation , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No.1038 Dagunan Road , Hexi District, Tianjin 300222 , China
| | - Limei Hao
- Institute of Medical Support Technology , Academy of Military Science , No.106 Wandong Road , Hedong District, Tianjin 300161 , China.,National Bio-Protection Engineering Center , No.106 Wandong Road , Hedong District, Tianjin 300161 , China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Beijing CapitalBio Technology Co. Ltd. , No. 88 block, Kechuang Sixth Rd., Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone , Beijing 101111 , China
| | - Weibin Zhou
- School of Electronic Information and Automation , Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No.1038 Dagunan Road , Hexi District, Tianjin 300222 , China
| | - Yaohua Du
- Institute of Medical Support Technology , Academy of Military Science , No.106 Wandong Road , Hedong District, Tianjin 300161 , China.,National Bio-Protection Engineering Center , No.106 Wandong Road , Hedong District, Tianjin 300161 , China
| | - Lei Wang
- CapitalBio Corporation , National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology , 18 Life Science Parkway , Changping District, Beijing 102206 , China
| | - Feng Tian
- Institute of Medical Support Technology , Academy of Military Science , No.106 Wandong Road , Hedong District, Tianjin 300161 , China
| | - Xinxi Xu
- Institute of Medical Support Technology , Academy of Military Science , No.106 Wandong Road , Hedong District, Tianjin 300161 , China
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Wang N, Liu R, Asmare N, Chu CH, Sarioglu AF. Processing code-multiplexed Coulter signals via deep convolutional neural networks. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3292-3304. [PMID: 31482906 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Beyond their conventional use of counting and sizing particles, Coulter sensors can be used to spatially track suspended particles, with multiple sensors distributed over a microfluidic chip. Code-multiplexing of Coulter sensors allows such integration to be implemented with simple hardware but requires advanced signal processing to extract multi-dimensional information from the output waveform. In this work, we couple deep learning-based signal analysis with microfluidic code-multiplexed Coulter sensor networks. Specifically, we train convolutional neural networks to analyze Coulter waveforms not only to recognize certain sensor waveform patterns but also to resolve interferences among them. Our technology predicts the size, speed, and location of each detected particle. We show that the algorithm yields a >90% pattern recognition accuracy for distinguishing non-correlated waveform patterns at a processing speed that can potentially enable real-time microfluidic assays. Furthermore, once trained, the algorithm can readily be applied for processing electrical data from other microfluidic devices integrated with the same Coulter sensor network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningquan Wang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Ruxiu Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Norh Asmare
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Chia-Heng Chu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - A Fatih Sarioglu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA and Institute of Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Hedayatipour A, Aslanzadeh S, McFarlane N. CMOS based whole cell impedance sensing: Challenges and future outlook. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 143:111600. [PMID: 31479988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing need for multi-analyte point-of-care diagnosis devices, cell impedance measurement is a promising technique for integration with other sensing modalities. In this comprehensive review, the theory underlying cell impedance sensing, including the history, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) based implementations, and applications are critically assessed. Whole cell impedance sensing, also known as electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) or electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), is an approach for studying and diagnosing living cells in in-vitro and in-vivo environments. The technique is popular since it is label-free, non-invasive, and low cost when compared to standard biochemical assays. CMOS cell impedance measurement systems have been focused on expanding their applications to numerous aspects of biological, environmental, and food safety applications. This paper presents and evaluates circuit topologies for whole cell impedance measurement. The presented review compares several existing CMOS designs, including the classification, measurement speed, and sensitivity of varying topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Hedayatipour
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Shaghayegh Aslanzadeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Nicole McFarlane
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Raillon C, Che J, Thill S, Duchamp M, Desbiolles BXE, Millet A, Sollier E, Renaud P. Toward Microfluidic Label-Free Isolation and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood Samples. Cytometry A 2019; 95:1085-1095. [PMID: 31364817 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The isolation, analysis, and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from cancer patient blood samples are a paradigm shift for cancer patient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Most methods used to isolate and enumerate these target cells rely on the expression of cell surface markers, which varies between patients, cancer types, tumors, and stages. Here, we propose a label-free high-throughput platform to isolate, enumerate, and size CTCs on two coupled microfluidic devices. Cancer cells were purified through a Vortex chip and subsequently flowed in-line to an impedance chip, where a pair of electrodes measured fluctuations of an applied electric field generated by cells passing through. A proof-of-concept of the coupling of those two devices was demonstrated with beads and cells. First, the impedance chip was tested as a stand-alone device: (1) with beads (mean counting error of 1.0%, sizing information clearly separated three clusters for 8, 15, and 20 um beads, respectively) as well as (2) with cancer cells (mean counting error of 3.5%). Second, the combined setup was tested with beads, then with cells in phosphate-buffered saline, and finally with cancer cells spiked in healthy blood. Experiments demonstrated that the Vortex HT chip enriched the cancer cells, which then could be counted and differentiated from smaller blood cells by the impedance chip based on size information. Further discrimination was shown with dual high-frequency measurements using electric opacity, highlighting the potential application of this combined setup for a fully integrated label-free isolation and enumeration of CTCs from cancer patient samples. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Raillon
- STI-IMT-LMIS4, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Vortex Biosciences, Inc., Pleasanton, California, 94588
| | - James Che
- Vortex Biosciences, Inc., Pleasanton, California, 94588
| | - Sandy Thill
- STI-IMT-LMIS4, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Arnaud Millet
- Team Mechanobiology, Immunity and Cancer, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
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Reale R, De Ninno A, Businaro L, Bisegna P, Caselli F. High-throughput electrical position detection of single flowing particles/cells with non-spherical shape. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1818-1827. [PMID: 30997463 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00071b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present an innovative impedance cytometer for the measurement of the cross-sectional position of single particles or cells flowing in a microchannel. As predicted by numerical simulations and experimentally validated, the proposed approach is applicable to particles/cells with either spherical or non-spherical shape. In particular, the optics-free high-throughput position detection of individual flowing red blood cells (RBCs) is demonstrated and applied to monitor RBCs hydrodynamic focusing under different sheath flow conditions. Moreover, the device provides multiparametric information useful for lab-on-a-chip applications, including particle inter-arrival times and velocity profile, as well as RBCs mean corpuscular volume, distribution width and electrical opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Reale
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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41
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Arrabito G, Errico V, De Ninno A, Cavaleri F, Ferrara V, Pignataro B, Caselli F. Oil-in-Water fL Droplets by Interfacial Spontaneous Fragmentation and Their Electrical Characterization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4936-4945. [PMID: 30875226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inkjet printing is here employed for the first time as a method to produce femtoliter-scale oil droplets dispersed in water. In particular, picoliter-scale fluorinated oil (FC40) droplets are printed in the presence of perfluoro-1-octanol surfactant at a velocity higher than 5 m/s. Femtoliter-scale oil droplets in water are spontaneously formed through a fragmentation process at the water/air interface using minute amounts of nonionic surfactant (down to 0.003% v/v of Tween 80). This fragmentation occurs by a Plateau-Rayleigh mechanism at a moderately high Weber number (101). A microfluidic chip with integrated microelectrodes allows droplets characterization in terms of number and diameter distribution (peaked at about 3 μm) by means of electrical impedance measurements. These results show an unprecedented possibility to scale oil droplets down to the femtoliter scale, which opens up several perspectives for a tailored oil-in-water emulsion fabrication for drug encapsulation, pharmaceutic preparations, and cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Arrabito
- Department of Physics and Chemistry , University of Palermo , Palermo 90128 , Italy
| | | | - Adele De Ninno
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies , Italian National Research Council , Roma 00185 , Italy
| | - Felicia Cavaleri
- Department of Physics and Chemistry , University of Palermo , Palermo 90128 , Italy
| | - Vittorio Ferrara
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Catania , Catania 95125 , Italy
| | - Bruno Pignataro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry , University of Palermo , Palermo 90128 , Italy
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Solsona M, Westerbeek EY, Bomer JG, Olthuis W, van den Berg A. Gradient in the electric field for particle position detection in microfluidic channels. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1054-1059. [PMID: 30768116 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01333k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new method to track particles in microfluidic channels is presented. Particle position tracking in microfluidic systems is crucial to characterize sorting systems or to improve the analysis of cells in impedance flow cytometry studies. By developing an electric field gradient in a two parallel electrode array the position of the particles can be tracked in one axis by impedance analysis. This method can track the particle's position at lower frequencies and measure the conductivity of the system at higher frequencies. A 3-D simulation was performed showing particle position detection and conductivity analysis. To experimentally validate the technique, a microfluidic chip that develops a gradient in the electric field was fabricated and used to detect the position of polystyrene particles in one axis and measure their conductivity at low and high frequencies, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Solsona
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Reale R, De Ninno A, Businaro L, Bisegna P, Caselli F. A simple electrical approach to monitor dielectrophoretic focusing of particles flowing in a microchannel. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1400-1407. [PMID: 30661234 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports an impedance-based system for the quantitative assessment of dielectrophoretic (DEP) focusing of single particles flowing in a microchannel. Particle lateral positions are detected in two electrical sensing zones placed before and after a DEP-focusing region, respectively. In each sensing zone, particle lateral positions are estimated using the unbalance between the opposite pulses of a differential current signal obtained with a straightforward coplanar electrode configuration. The system is used to monitor the focusing of polystyrene beads of 7 or 10 μm diameter, under various conditions of DEP field intensities and flow rates that produce different degrees of focusing. This electrical approach represents a simple and valuable alternative to optical methods for monitoring of particle focusing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Reale
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele De Ninno
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Businaro
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Italian National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Bisegna
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Caselli
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Koklu A, Mansoorifar A, Beskok A. Self-Similar Interfacial Impedance of Electrodes in High Conductivity Media. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12533-12540. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Koklu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75205, United States
| | - Amin Mansoorifar
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75205, United States
| | - Ali Beskok
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75205, United States
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Numerical Investigation of a Novel Wiring Scheme Enabling Simple and Accurate Impedance Cytometry. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8090283. [PMID: 30400471 PMCID: PMC6190262 DOI: 10.3390/mi8090283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic impedance cytometry is a label-free approach for high-throughput analysis of particles and cells. It is based on the characterization of the dielectric properties of single particles as they flow through a microchannel with integrated electrodes. However, the measured signal depends not only on the intrinsic particle properties, but also on the particle trajectory through the measuring region, thus challenging the resolution and accuracy of the technique. In this work we show via simulation that this issue can be overcome without resorting to particle focusing, by means of a straightforward modification of the wiring scheme for the most typical and widely used microfluidic impedance chip.
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Liu R, Waheed W, Wang N, Civelekoglu O, Boya M, Chu CH, Sarioglu AF. Design and modeling of electrode networks for code-division multiplexed resistive pulse sensing in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2650-2666. [PMID: 28695944 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A typical microfluidic device sorts, captures or fractionates sample constituents by exposing them to discriminating microenvironments. Direct electronic acquisition of such manipulation by a network of integrated sensors can provide a fast, integrated readout, replacing otherwise required microscopy. We have recently introduced a sensor technology, Microfluidic CODES, which allows us to multiplex resistive pulse sensors on a microfluidic device. Microfluidic CODES employs a network of micromachined coplanar electrodes such that particles passing over these electrodes produce distinguishable code sequences. In this paper, we explain the design process to specifically generate an orthogonal digital code set for an efficient and accurate demultiplexing of the sensor signals. We also introduce an equivalent circuit model for a network of code-multiplexed resistive pulse sensors by utilizing the Foster-Schwan model and conformal mapping, to model dynamic cell-electrode interaction in a non-uniform electric field. Our results closely match with both experimental measurements using cell lines and finite element analysis. The coding and modeling framework presented here will enable the design of code-division multiplexed resistive pulse sensors optimized to produce desired waveform patterns to ensure reliable and efficient decoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxiu Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Caselli F, Bisegna P. Simulation and performance analysis of a novel high-accuracy sheathless microfluidic impedance cytometer with coplanar electrode layout. Med Eng Phys 2017; 48:81-89. [PMID: 28462824 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The performance of a novel microfluidic impedance cytometer (MIC) with coplanar configuration is investigated in silico. The main feature of the device is the ability to provide accurate particle-sizing despite the well-known measurement sensitivity to particle trajectory. The working principle of the device is presented and validated by means of an original virtual laboratory providing close-to-experimental synthetic data streams. It is shown that a metric correlating with particle trajectory can be extracted from the signal traces and used to compensate the trajectory-induced error in the estimated particle size, thus reaching high-accuracy. An analysis of relevant parameters of the experimental setup is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Caselli
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bisegna
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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