1
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Li P, Hendricks AL, Wang Y, Villones RLE, Lindkvist-Petersson K, Meloni G, Cowan JA, Wang K, Gourdon P. Structures of Atm1 provide insight into [2Fe-2S] cluster export from mitochondria. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4339. [PMID: 35896548 PMCID: PMC9329353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, iron-sulfur clusters are essential cofactors for numerous physiological processes, but these clusters are primarily biosynthesized in mitochondria. Previous studies suggest mitochondrial ABCB7-type exporters are involved in maturation of cytosolic iron-sulfur proteins. However, the molecular mechanism for how the ABCB7-type exporters participate in this process remains elusive. Here, we report a series of cryo-electron microscopy structures of a eukaryotic homolog of human ABCB7, CtAtm1, determined at average resolutions ranging from 2.8 to 3.2 Å, complemented by functional characterization and molecular docking in silico. We propose that CtAtm1 accepts delivery from glutathione-complexed iron-sulfur clusters. A partially occluded state links cargo-binding to residues at the mitochondrial matrix interface that line a positively charged cavity, while the binding region becomes internalized and is partially divided in an early occluded state. Collectively, our findings substantially increase the understanding of the transport mechanism of eukaryotic ABCB7-type proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amber L Hendricks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Rhiza Lyne E Villones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | | | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kaituo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Maersk Tower 7-9, Nørre Allé 14, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Maersk Tower 7-9, Nørre Allé 14, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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2
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Zhang Y, Mou Y, Zhang J, Suo C, Zhou H, Gu M, Wang Z, Tan R. Therapeutic Implications of Ferroptosis in Renal Fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:890766. [PMID: 35655759 PMCID: PMC9152458 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.890766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and can lead to the destruction of normal renal structure and loss of kidney function. Little progress has been made in reversing fibrosis in recent years. Ferroptosis is more immunogenic than apoptosis due to the release and activation of damage-related molecular patterns (DAMPs) signals. In this paper, the relationship between renal fibrosis and ferroptosis was reviewed from the perspective of iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation, and some pharmaceuticals or chemicals associated with both ferroptosis and renal fibrosis were summarized. Other programmed cell death and ferroptosis in renal fibrosis were also firstly reviewed for comparison and further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhua Mou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanjian Suo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ruoyun Tan,
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3
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Spectroscopic and functional characterization of the [2Fe-2S] scaffold protein Nfu from Synechocystis PCC6803. Biochimie 2022; 192:51-62. [PMID: 34582998 PMCID: PMC8724361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are ubiquitous cofactors required for various essential metabolic processes. Conservation of proteins required for their biosynthesis and trafficking allows for simple bacteria to be used as models to aid in exploring these complex pathways in higher organisms. Cyanobacteria are among the most investigated organisms for these processes, as they are unicellular and can survive under photoautotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. Herein, we report the potential role of Synechocystis PCC6803 NifU (now named SyNfu) as the principal scaffold protein required for iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis in that organism. SyNfu is a well-folded protein with distinct secondary structural elements, as evidenced by circular dichroism and a well-dispersed pattern of 1H-15N HSQC NMR peaks, and readily reconstitutes as a [2Fe-2S] dimeric protein complex. Cluster exchange experiments show that glutathione can extract the cluster from holo-SyNfu, but the transfer is unidirectional. We also confirm the ability of SyNfu to transfer cluster to both human ferredoxin 1 and ferredoxin 2, while also demonstrating the capacity to deliver cluster to both monothiol glutaredoxin 3 and dithiol glutaredoxin 2. This evidence supports the hypothesis that SyNfu indeed serves as the main scaffold protein in Synechocystis, as it has been shown to be the only protein required for viability in the absence of photoautotrophic conditions. Similar to other NFU-type cluster donors and other scaffold and carrier proteins, such as ISCU, SyNfu is shown by DSC to be structurally less stable than regular protein donors, while retaining a relatively well-defined tertiary structure as represented by 1H-15N HSQC NMR experiments.
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4
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Pearson SA, Wachnowsky C, Cowan JA. Defining the mechanism of the mitochondrial Atm1p [2Fe-2S] cluster exporter. Metallomics 2021; 12:902-915. [PMID: 32337520 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00286c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur cluster proteins play key roles in a multitude of physiological processes; including gene expression, nitrogen and oxygen sensing, electron transfer, and DNA repair. Biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters occurs in mitochondria on iron-sulfur cluster scaffold proteins in the form of [2Fe-2S] cores that are then transferred to apo targets within metabolic or respiratory pathways. The mechanism by which cytosolic Fe-S cluster proteins mature to their holo forms remains controversial. The mitochondrial inner membrane protein Atm1p can transport glutathione-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters, which may connect the mitochondrial and cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly systems. Herein we describe experiments on the yeast Atm1p/ABCB7 exporter that provide additional support for a glutathione-complexed cluster as the natural physiological substrate and a reflection of the endosymbiotic model of mitochondrial evolution. These studies provide insight on the mechanism of cluster transport and the molecular basis of human disease conditions related to ABCB7. Recruitment of MgATP following cluster binding promotes a structural transition from closed to open conformations that is mediated by coupling helices, with MgATP hydrolysis facilitating the return to the closed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Pearson
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210.
| | - Christine Wachnowsky
- The Ohio State University Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210
| | - J A Cowan
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210. and The Ohio State University Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210 and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210
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5
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Pearson SA, Cowan JA. Glutathione-coordinated metal complexes as substrates for cellular transporters. Metallomics 2021; 13:mfab015. [PMID: 33770183 PMCID: PMC8086996 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione is the major thiol-containing species in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and plays a wide variety of roles, including detoxification of metals by sequestration, reduction, and efflux. ABC transporters such as MRP1 and MRP2 detoxify the cell from certain metals by exporting the cations as a metal-glutathione complex. The ability of the bacterial Atm1 protein to efflux metal-glutathione complexes appears to have evolved over time to become the ABCB7 transporter in mammals, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. No longer needed for the role of cellular detoxification, ABCB7 appears to be used to transport glutathione-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters from mitochondria to the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Pearson
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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6
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Characterization and Reconstitution of Human Lipoyl Synthase (LIAS) Supports ISCA2 and ISCU as Primary Cluster Donors and an Ordered Mechanism of Cluster Assembly. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041598. [PMID: 33562493 PMCID: PMC7915201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoyl synthase (LIAS) is an iron-sulfur cluster protein and a member of the radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) superfamily that catalyzes the final step of lipoic acid biosynthesis. The enzyme contains two [4Fe-4S] centers (reducing and auxiliary clusters) that promote radical formation and sulfur transfer, respectively. Most information concerning LIAS and its mechanism has been determined from prokaryotic enzymes. Herein, we detail the expression, isolation, and characterization of human LIAS, its reactivity, and evaluation of natural iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster reconstitution mechanisms. Cluster donation by a number of possible cluster donor proteins and heterodimeric complexes has been evaluated. [2Fe-2S]-cluster-bound forms of human ISCU and ISCA2 were found capable of reconstituting human LIAS, such that complete product turnover was enabled for LIAS, as monitored via a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assay. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of native LIAS and substituted derivatives that lacked the ability to bind one or the other of LIAS's two [4Fe-4S] clusters revealed a likely order of cluster addition, with the auxiliary cluster preceding the reducing [4Fe-4S] center. These results detail the trafficking of Fe-S clusters in human cells and highlight differences with respect to bacterial LIAS analogs. Likely in vivo Fe-S cluster donors to LIAS are identified, with possible connections to human disease states, and a mechanistic ordering of [4Fe-4S] cluster reconstitution is evident.
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Daniel T, Faruq HM, Laura Magdalena J, Manuela G, Christopher Horst L. Role of GSH and Iron-Sulfur Glutaredoxins in Iron Metabolism-Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3860. [PMID: 32854270 PMCID: PMC7503856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) was initially identified and characterized for its redox properties and later for its contributions to detoxification reactions. Over the past decade, however, the essential contributions of glutathione to cellular iron metabolism have come more and more into focus. GSH is indispensable in mitochondrial iron-sulfur (FeS) cluster biosynthesis, primarily by co-ligating FeS clusters as a cofactor of the CGFS-type (class II) glutaredoxins (Grxs). GSH is required for the export of the yet to be defined FeS precursor from the mitochondria to the cytosol. In the cytosol, it is an essential cofactor, again of the multi-domain CGFS-type Grxs, master players in cellular iron and FeS trafficking. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and progress in this field. The most urgent open questions are discussed, such as the role of GSH in the export of FeS precursors from mitochondria, the physiological roles of the CGFS-type Grx interactions with BolA-like proteins and the cluster transfer between Grxs and recipient proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trnka Daniel
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (T.D.); (H.M.F.); (J.L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Hossain Md Faruq
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (T.D.); (H.M.F.); (J.L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Jordt Laura Magdalena
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (T.D.); (H.M.F.); (J.L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Gellert Manuela
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (T.D.); (H.M.F.); (J.L.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Lillig Christopher Horst
- Christopher Horst Lillig, Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
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8
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Sen S, Hendricks AL, Cowan JA. Cluster exchange reactivity of [2Fe-2S]-bridged heterodimeric BOLA1-GLRX5. FEBS J 2020; 288:920-929. [PMID: 32542995 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial BOLA1 is known to form a [2Fe-2S] cluster-bridged heterodimeric complex with mitochondrial monothiol glutaredoxin GLRX5; however, the function of this heterodimeric complex is unclear. Some reports suggest redundant roles for BOLA1 and a related protein, BOLA3, with both involved in the maturation of [4Fe-4S] clusters in a subset of mitochondrial proteins. However, a later report on the structure of BOLA1-GLRX5 heterodimeric complex demonstrated a buried cluster environment and predicted a redox role instead of the cluster trafficking role suggested for the BOLA3-GLRX5 heterodimeric complex. Herein, we describe a detailed kinetic study of relative cluster exchange reactivity involving heterodimeric complex of BOLA1 with GLRX5. By the use of CD spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that [2Fe-2S]-bridged BOLA1-GLRX5 can be readily formed by cluster uptake from donors such as ISCU or [2Fe-2S](GS)4 complex, but not from ISCA1 or ISCA2. Rapid holo-formation following delivery from [2Fe-2S](GS)4 supports possible physiological relevance in the cellular labile iron pool. Holo [2Fe-2S] BOLA1-GLRX5 heterodimeric complex is incapable of donating cluster to apo protein acceptors, providing experimental support for a nontrafficking role. Finally, we report the formation and reactivity of the holo [2Fe-2S]-bridged BOLA1 homodimer (lacking a partner GLRX). While the holo-heterodimer is thermodynamically more stable, by contrast the holo BOLA1 homodimer does demonstrate facile cluster exchange reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambuddha Sen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amber L Hendricks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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9
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Abstract
Mitochondria are essential in most eukaryotes and are involved in numerous biological functions including ATP production, cofactor biosyntheses, apoptosis, lipid synthesis, and steroid metabolism. Work over the past two decades has uncovered the biogenesis of cellular iron-sulfur (Fe/S) proteins as the essential and minimal function of mitochondria. This process is catalyzed by the bacteria-derived iron-sulfur cluster assembly (ISC) machinery and has been dissected into three major steps: de novo synthesis of a [2Fe-2S] cluster on a scaffold protein; Hsp70 chaperone-mediated trafficking of the cluster and insertion into [2Fe-2S] target apoproteins; and catalytic conversion of the [2Fe-2S] into a [4Fe-4S] cluster and subsequent insertion into recipient apoproteins. ISC components of the first two steps are also required for biogenesis of numerous essential cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S proteins, explaining the essentiality of mitochondria. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the ISC protein-mediated maturation of mitochondrial Fe/S proteins and the importance for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
- SYNMIKRO Zentrum für synthetische Mikrobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven-A Freibert
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany;
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10
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Jia M, Sen S, Wachnowsky C, Fidai I, Cowan JA, Wysocki VH. Characterization of [2Fe-2S]-Cluster-Bridged Protein Complexes and Reaction Intermediates by use of Native Mass Spectrometric Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6724-6728. [PMID: 32031732 PMCID: PMC7170024 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many iron-sulfur proteins involved in cluster trafficking form [2Fe-2S]-cluster-bridged complexes that are often challenging to characterize because of the inherent instability of the cluster at the interface. Herein, we illustrate the use of fast, online buffer exchange coupled to a native mass spectrometry (OBE nMS) method to characterize [2Fe-2S]-cluster-bridged proteins and their transient cluster-transfer intermediates. The use of this mechanistic and protein-characterization tool is demonstrated with holo glutaredoxin 5 (GLRX5) homodimer and holo GLRX5:BolA-like protein 3 (BOLA3) heterodimer. Using the OBE nMS method, cluster-transfer reactions between the holo-dimers and apo-ferredoxin (FDX2) are monitored, and intermediate [2Fe-2S] species, such as (FDX2:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]:GSH) and (FDX2:BOLA3:GLRX5:[2Fe-2S]:GSH) are detected. The OBE nMS method is a robust technique for characterizing iron-sulfur-cluster-bridged protein complexes and transient iron-sulfur-cluster transfer intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - Sambuddha Sen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - Christine Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - Insiya Fidai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - J. A. Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - Vicki H. Wysocki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
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11
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Jia M, Sen S, Wachnowsky C, Fidai I, Cowan JA, Wysocki VH. Characterization of [2Fe–2S]‐Cluster‐Bridged Protein Complexes and Reaction Intermediates by use of Native Mass Spectrometric Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxuan Jia
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural BiologyThe Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Sambuddha Sen
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Christine Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Insiya Fidai
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - James A. Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Vicki H. Wysocki
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Resource for Native Mass Spectrometry Guided Structural BiologyThe Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
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12
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Hsiung KC, Liu KY, Tsai TF, Yoshina S, Mitani S, Chin-Ming Tan B, Lo SJ. Defects in CISD-1, a mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein, lower glucose level and ATP production in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biomed J 2020; 43:32-43. [PMID: 32200954 PMCID: PMC7090286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CDGSH iron sulfur domain-containing protein 1 (CISD-1) belongs to the CISD protein family that is evolutionary conserved across different species. In mammals, CISD-1 protein has been implicated in diseases such as cancers and diabetes. As a tractable model organism to study disease-associated proteins, we employed Caenorhabditis elegans in this study with an aim to establish a model for interrogating the functional relevance of CISD-1 in human metabolic conditions. Methods We first bioinformatically identified the human Cisd-1 homologue in worms. We then employed N2 wild-type and cisd-1(tm4993) mutant to investigate the consequences of CISD-1 loss-of-function on: 1) the expression pattern of CISD-1, 2) mitochondrial morphology pattern, 3) mitochondrial function and bioenergetics, and 4) the effects of anti-diabetes drugs. Results We first identified C. elegans W02B12.15 gene as the human Cisd-1 homologous gene, and pinpointed the localization of CISD-1 to the outer membrane of mitochondria. As compared with the N2 wild-type worm, cisd-1(tm4993) mutant exhibited a higher proportion of hyperfused form of mitochondria. This structural abnormality was associated with the generation of higher levels of ROS and mitochondrial superoxide but lower ATP. These physiological changes in mutants did not result in discernable effects on animal motility and lifespan. Moreover, the amount of glucose in N2 wild-type worms treated with troglitazone and pioglitazone, derivatives of TZD, was reduced to a comparable level as in the mutant animals. Conclusions By focusing on the Cisd-1 gene, our study established a C. elegans genetic system suitable for modeling human diabetes-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Ching Hsiung
- Department and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Liu
- Department and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- National Yang Ming University, Department of Life Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sawako Yoshina
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Mitani
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, School of Medicine and CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bertrand Chin-Ming Tan
- Department and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Szecheng J Lo
- Department and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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13
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Reconstitution, characterization, and [2Fe-2S] cluster exchange reactivity of a holo human BOLA3 homodimer. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:1035-1045. [PMID: 31486956 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new class of mitochondrial disease has been identified and characterized as Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome (MMDS). Four different forms of the disease have each been attributed to point mutations in proteins involved in iron-sulfur (Fe-S) biosynthesis; in particular, MMDS2 has been associated with the protein BOLA3. To date, this protein has been characterized in vitro concerning its ability to form heterodimeric complexes with two putative Fe-S cluster-binding partners: GLRX5 and NFU. However, BOLA3 has yet to be characterized in its own discrete holo form. Herein we describe procedures to isolate and characterize the human holo BOLA3 protein in terms of Fe-S cluster binding and trafficking and demonstrate that human BOLA3 can form a functional homodimer capable of engaging in Fe-S cluster transfer.
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14
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Wachnowsky C, Hendricks AL, Wesley NA, Ferguson C, Fidai I, Cowan JA. Understanding the Mechanism of [4Fe-4S] Cluster Assembly on Eukaryotic Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Aconitase. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13686-13695. [PMID: 31436962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are common prosthetic groups that are found within a variety of proteins responsible for functions that include electron transfer, regulation of gene expression, and substrate binding and activation. Acquisition of a [4Fe-4S] cluster is essential for the functionality of many such roles, and dysfunctions in Fe-S cluster synthesis and trafficking often result in human disease, such as multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome. While the topic of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthesis and trafficking has been relatively well studied, the understanding of such processes involving [4Fe-4S] centers is less developed. Herein, we focus on the mechanism of the assembly of [4Fe-4S] clusters on two members of the aconitase family, differing also in organelle placement (mitochondrion and cytosol) and biochemical function. Two mechanistic models are evaluated by a combination of kinetic and spectroscopic models, namely, a consecutive model (I), in which two [2Fe-2S] clusters are sequentially delivered to the target, and a prereaction equilibrium model (II), in which a [4Fe-4S] cluster transiently forms on a donor protein before transfer to the target. The paper also addresses the issue of cluster nuclearity for functionally active forms of ISCU, NFU, and ISCA trafficking proteins, each of which has been postulated to exist in both [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] bound states. By the application of kinetic assays and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to examine delivery pathways from a variety of potential [2Fe-2S] donor proteins to eukaryotic forms of both aconitase and iron regulatory protein, we conclude that a consecutive model following the delivery of [2Fe-2S] clusters from NFU1 is the most likely mechanism for these target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program , The Ohio State University , 484 West 12th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Amber L Hendricks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Nathaniel A Wesley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Connor Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Insiya Fidai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States.,The Biophysics Graduate Program , The Ohio State University , 484 West 12th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program , The Ohio State University , 484 West 12th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States.,The Biophysics Graduate Program , The Ohio State University , 484 West 12th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
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15
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Sen S, Rao B, Wachnowsky C, Cowan JA. Cluster exchange reactivity of [2Fe-2S] cluster-bridged complexes of BOLA3 with monothiol glutaredoxins. Metallomics 2019; 10:1282-1290. [PMID: 30137089 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00128f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The [2Fe-2S] cluster-bridged complex of BOLA3 with GLRX5 has been implicated in cluster trafficking, but cluster exchange involving this heterocomplex has not been reported. Herein we describe an investigation of the cluster exchange reactivity of holo BOLA3-GLRX complexes using two different monothiol glutaredoxins, H.s. GLRX5 and S.c. Grx3, which share significant identity. We observe that a 1 : 1 mixture of apo BOLA3 and glutaredoxin protein is able to accept a cluster from donors such as ISCU and a [2Fe-2S](GS)4 complex, with preferential formation of the cluster-bridged heterodimer over the plausible holo homodimeric glutaredoxin. Holo BOLA3-GLRX5 transfers clusters to apo acceptors at rates comparable to other Fe-S cluster trafficking proteins. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments with apo proteins demonstrated a strong binding of BOLA3 with both GLRX5 and Grx3, while binding with an alternative mitochondrial partner, NFU1, was weak. Cluster exchange and calorimetry experiments resulted in a very similar behavior for yeast Grx3 (cytosolic) and human GLRX5 (mitochondrial), indicating conservation across the monothiol glutaredoxin family for interactions with BOLA3 and supporting a functional role for the BOLA3-GLRX5 heterocomplex relative to the previously proposed BOLA3-NFU1 interaction. The results also demonstrate rapid formation of the heterocomplexed holo cluster via delivery from a glutathione-complexed cluster, again indicative of the physiological relevance of the [2Fe-2S](GS)4 complex in the cellular labile iron pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambuddha Sen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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16
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Abdalla M, Eltayb WA, El-Arabey AA, Mo R, Dafaalla TIM, Hamouda HI, Bhat EA, Awadasseid A, Ali HAA. Structure analysis of yeast glutaredoxin Grx6 protein produced in Escherichia coli. Genes Environ 2018; 40:15. [PMID: 30123389 PMCID: PMC6091153 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-018-0103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grx6 is a yeast Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum protein involved in iron-sulfur binding that belongs to monothiol glutaredoxin-protein family. Grx6 has been biochemically characterized previously. Grx6 contains a conserved cysteine residue (Cys-136). Depending on the active-site sequences, Grxs can be classified to classic dithiol Grxs with a CXXC motif known as classes II and monothiol Grxs with a CXXS motif known as classes I, and Grx6 belongs to the class I with a CSYS motif. Results Our results showed how the loop between the N-terminal and C-terminal can affect the stability. When Grx6 was incubated with FeSO4·7H2O and (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O, a disulfide bond was formed between the cysteine 136 and glutathione, and the concentration of dimer and tetramer was increased. The results presented various levels of stability of Grx6 with mutant and deleted amino acids. We also highlighted the difference between the monomer and dimer forms of the Grx6, in addition to comparison of the Fe-S cluster positions among holo forms of poplar Grx-C1, human Grx2 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Grx6. Conclusions In this paper, we used a combination of spectroscopic and proteomic techniques to analyse the sequence and to determine the affected mutations and deletions in the stability of Grx6. Our results have increased the knowledge about the differences between monomer and dimer structures in cellular processes and proteins whose roles and functions depend on YCA1 in yeast. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41021-018-0103-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohnad Abdalla
- 1Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan.,2School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 People's Republic of China.,3Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Qingdao Shi, Shandong Sheng 266000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wafa Ali Eltayb
- 2School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 People's Republic of China.,4Faculty of Science and Technology, Shendi University, Shendi, Nher Anile Sudan
| | - Amr Ahmed El-Arabey
- 2School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 People's Republic of China
| | - Raihan Mo
- 2School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 People's Republic of China
| | - T I M Dafaalla
- 5College of Education, Sinnar University, 11147 Sinnar, Sudan
| | - Hamed I Hamouda
- 3Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Qingdao Shi, Shandong Sheng 266000 People's Republic of China
| | - Eijaz Ahmed Bhat
- School of Biotechnology and Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-749 South Korea
| | - Annoor Awadasseid
- 7Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China
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Olive JA, Cowan JA. Role of the HSPA9/HSC20 chaperone pair in promoting directional human iron-sulfur cluster exchange involving monothiol glutaredoxin 5. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 184:100-107. [PMID: 29689452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron‑sulfur clusters are essential cofactors found across all domains of life. Their assembly and transfer are accomplished by highly conserved protein complexes and partners. In eukaryotes a [2Fe-2S] cluster is first assembled in the mitochondria on the iron‑sulfur cluster scaffold protein ISCU in tandem with iron, sulfide, and electron donors. Current models suggest that a chaperone pair interacts with a cluster-bound ISCU to facilitate cluster transfer to a monothiol glutaredoxin. In humans this protein is glutaredoxin 5 (GLRX5) and the cluster can then be exchanged with a variety of target apo proteins. By use of circular dichroism spectroscopy, the kinetics of cluster exchange reactivity has been evaluated for human GLRX5 with a variety of cluster donor and acceptor partners, and the role of chaperones determined for several of these. In contrast to the prokaryotic model, where heat-shock type chaperone proteins HscA and HscB are required for successful and efficient transfer of a [2Fe-2S] cluster from the ISCU scaffold to a monothiol glutaredoxin. However, in the human system the chaperone homologs, HSPA9 and HSC20, are not necessary for human ISCU to promote cluster transfer to GLRX5, and appear to promote the reverse transfer. Cluster exchange with the human iron‑sulfur cluster carrier protein NFU1 and ferredoxins (FDX's), and the role of chaperones, has also been evaluated, demonstrating in certain cases control over the directionality of cluster transfer. In contrast to other prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, NFU1 is identified as a more likely physiological donor of [2Fe-2S] cluster to human GLRX5 than ISCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Olive
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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18
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Wachnowsky C, Liu Y, Yoon T, Cowan JA. Regulation of human Nfu activity in Fe-S cluster delivery-characterization of the interaction between Nfu and the HSPA9/Hsc20 chaperone complex. FEBS J 2017; 285:391-410. [PMID: 29211945 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis is a complex, but highly regulated process that involves de novo cluster formation from iron and sulfide ions on a scaffold protein, and subsequent delivery to final targets via a series of Fe-S cluster-binding carrier proteins. The process of cluster release from the scaffold/carrier for transfer to the target proteins may be mediated by a dedicated Fe-S cluster chaperone system. In human cells, the chaperones include heat shock protein HSPA9 and the J-type chaperone Hsc20. While the role of chaperones has been somewhat clarified in yeast and bacterial systems, many questions remain over their functional roles in cluster delivery and interactions with a variety of human Fe-S cluster proteins. One such protein, Nfu, has recently been recognized as a potential interaction partner of the chaperone complex. Herein, we examined the ability of human Nfu to function as a carrier by interacting with the human chaperone complex. Human Nfu is shown to bind to both chaperone proteins with binding affinities similar to those observed for IscU binding to the homologous HSPA9 and Hsc20, while Nfu can also stimulate the ATPase activity of HSPA9. Additionally, the chaperone complex was able to promote Nfu function by enhancing the second-order rate constants for Fe-S cluster transfer to target proteins and providing directionality in cluster transfer from Nfu by eliminating promiscuous transfer reactions. Together, these data support a hypothesis in which Nfu can serve as an alternative carrier protein for chaperone-mediated cluster release and delivery in Fe-S cluster biogenesis and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yushi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Taejin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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19
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Albetel AN, Outten CE. Characterization of Glutaredoxin Fe-S Cluster-Binding Interactions Using Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy. Methods Enzymol 2017; 599:327-353. [PMID: 29746245 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Monothiol glutaredoxins (Grxs) with a conserved Cys-Gly-Phe-Ser (CGFS) active site are iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster-binding proteins that interact with a variety of partner proteins and perform crucial roles in iron metabolism including Fe-S cluster transfer, Fe-S cluster repair, and iron signaling. Various analytical and spectroscopic methods are currently being used to monitor and characterize glutaredoxin Fe-S cluster-dependent interactions at the molecular level. The electronic, magnetic, and vibrational properties of the protein-bound Fe-S cluster provide a convenient handle to probe the structure, function, and coordination chemistry of Grx complexes. However, some limitations arise from sample preparation requirements, complexity of individual techniques, or the necessity for combining multiple methods in order to achieve a complete investigation. In this chapter, we focus on the use of UV-visible circular dichroism spectroscopy as a fast and simple initial approach for investigating glutaredoxin Fe-S cluster-dependent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caryn E Outten
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States.
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20
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Wesley NA, Wachnowsky C, Fidai I, Cowan JA. Analysis of NFU-1 metallocofactor binding-site substitutions-impacts on iron-sulfur cluster coordination and protein structure and function. FEBS J 2017; 284:3817-3837. [PMID: 28906593 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters are ancient prosthetic groups found in numerous metalloproteins and are conserved across all kingdoms of life due to their diverse, yet essential functional roles. Genetic mutations to a specific subset of mitochondrial Fe/S cluster delivery proteins are broadly categorized as disease-related under multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome (MMDS), with symptoms indicative of a general failure of the metabolic system. Multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome 1 (MMDS1) arises as a result of the missense mutation in NFU1, an Fe/S cluster scaffold protein, which substitutes a glycine near the Fe/S cluster-binding pocket to a cysteine (p.Gly208Cys). This substitution has been shown to promote protein dimerization such that cluster delivery to NFU1 is blocked, preventing downstream cluster trafficking. However, the possibility of this additional cysteine, located adjacent to the cluster-binding site, serving as an Fe/S cluster ligand has not yet been explored. To fully understand the consequences of this Gly208Cys replacement, complementary substitutions at the Fe/S cluster-binding pocket for native and Gly208Cys NFU1 were made, along with six other variants. Herein, we report the results of an investigation on the effect of these substitutions on both cluster coordination and NFU1 structure and function. The data suggest that the G208C substitution does not contribute to cluster binding. Rather, replacement of the glycine at position 208 changes the oligomerization state as a result of global structural alterations that result in the downstream effects manifest as MMDS1, but does not perturb the coordination chemistry of the Fe-S cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A Wesley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christine Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Insiya Fidai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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21
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Wesley NA, Wachnowsky C, Fidai I, Cowan JA. Understanding the molecular basis for multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 1 (MMDS1): impact of a disease-causing Gly189Arg substitution on NFU1. FEBS J 2017; 284:3838-3848. [PMID: 28906594 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster-containing proteins constitute one of the largest protein classes, with highly varied function. Consequently, the biosynthesis of Fe/S clusters is evolutionarily conserved and mutations in intermediate Fe/S cluster scaffold proteins can cause disease, including multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome (MMDS). Herein, we have characterized the impact of defects occurring in the MMDS1 disease state that result from a point mutation (p.Gly189Arg) near the active site of NFU1, an Fe/S scaffold protein. In vitro investigation into the structure-function relationship of the Gly189Arg derivative, along with two other variants, reveals that substitution at position 189 triggers structural changes that increase flexibility, decrease stability, and alter the monomer-dimer equilibrium toward monomer, thereby impairing the ability of the Gly189X derivatives to receive an Fe/S cluster from physiologically relevant sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A Wesley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christine Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Insiya Fidai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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22
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Role of protein-glutathione contacts in defining glutaredoxin-3 [2Fe–2S] cluster chirality, ligand exchange and transfer chemistry. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:1075-1087. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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23
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Wachnowsky C, Wesley NA, Fidai I, Cowan JA. Understanding the Molecular Basis of Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome 1 (MMDS1)-Impact of a Disease-Causing Gly208Cys Substitution on Structure and Activity of NFU1 in the Fe/S Cluster Biosynthetic Pathway. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:790-807. [PMID: 28161430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe/S)-cluster-containing proteins constitute one of the largest protein classes, with varied functions that include electron transport, regulation of gene expression, substrate binding and activation, and radical generation. Consequently, the biosynthetic machinery for Fe/S clusters is evolutionarily conserved, and mutations in a variety of putative intermediate Fe/S cluster scaffold proteins can cause disease states, including multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome (MMDS), sideroblastic anemia, and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Herein, we have characterized the impact of defects occurring in the MMDS1 disease state that result from a point mutation (Gly208Cys) near the active site of NFU1, an Fe/S scaffold protein, via an in vitro investigation into the structural and functional consequences. Analysis of protein stability and oligomeric state demonstrates that the mutant increases the propensity to dimerize and perturbs the secondary structure composition. These changes appear to underlie the severely decreased ability of mutant NFU1 to accept an Fe/S cluster from physiologically relevant sources. Therefore, the point mutation on NFU1 impairs downstream cluster trafficking and results in the disease phenotype, because there does not appear to be an alternative in vivo reconstitution path, most likely due to greater protein oligomerization from a minor structural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Wesley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Insiya Fidai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; The Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Wachnowsky C, Cowan JA. In Vitro Studies of Cellular Iron–Sulfur Cluster Biosynthesis, Trafficking, and Transport. Methods Enzymol 2017; 595:55-82. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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