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Flores J, Brea RJ, Lamas A, Fracassi A, Salvador-Castell M, Xu C, Baiz CR, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Rapid and Sequential Dual Oxime Ligation Enables De Novo Formation of Functional Synthetic Membranes from Water-Soluble Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200549. [PMID: 35546783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes define the boundaries of life and primarily consist of phospholipids. Living organisms assemble phospholipids by enzymatically coupling two hydrophobic tails to a soluble polar head group. Previous studies have taken advantage of micellar assembly to couple single-chain precursors, forming non-canonical phospholipids. However, biomimetic nonenzymatic coupling of two alkyl tails to a polar head-group remains challenging, likely due to the sluggish reaction kinetics of the initial coupling step. Here we demonstrate rapid de novo formation of biomimetic liposomes in water using dual oxime bond formation between two alkyl chains and a phosphocholine head group. Membranes can be generated from non-amphiphilic, water-soluble precursors at physiological conditions using micromolar concentrations of precursors. We demonstrate that functional membrane proteins can be reconstituted into synthetic oxime liposomes from bacterial extracts in the absence of detergent-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15701, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lamas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marta Salvador-Castell
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Carlos R Baiz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712-1224, USA
| | - Sunil K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Flores J, Brea RJ, Lamas A, Fracassi A, Salvador‐Castell M, Xu C, Baiz CR, Sinha SK, Devaraj NK. Rapid and Sequential Dual Oxime Ligation Enables De Novo Formation of Functional Synthetic Membranes from Water‐Soluble Precursors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Roberto J. Brea
- Biomimetic Membrane Chemistry (BioMemChem) Group Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) Universidade da Coruña Rúa As Carballeiras 15701 A Coruña Spain
| | - Alejandro Lamas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Alessandro Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Marta Salvador‐Castell
- Department of Physics University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Carlos R. Baiz
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Sunil K. Sinha
- Department of Physics University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Building: Mayer Hall Addition 4561 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Neal K. Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, Natural Sciences Building 3328 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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3
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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Mu W, Dong M, Han X. In Situ Synthesis of Lipid Analogues Leading to Artificial Cell Growth and Division. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Zhang
- Harbin Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Heilongjiang Institute of Technology College of Materials and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Wei Mu
- Harbin Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Aarhus Universitet Interdisciplinary Nanosci Ctr iNANO DENMARK
| | - Xiaojun Han
- Harbin Institute of Technology School of Chemical Engineering and Technology No.92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China 150001 harbin CHINA
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Qualls ML, Sagar R, Lou J, Best MD. Demolish and Rebuild: Controlling Lipid Self-Assembly toward Triggered Release and Artificial Cells. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12918-12933. [PMID: 34792362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to modulate the structures of lipid membranes, predicated on our nuanced understanding of the properties that drive and alter lipid self-assembly, has opened up many exciting biological applications. In this Perspective, we focus on two endeavors in which the same principles are invoked to achieve completely opposite results. On one hand, controlled liposome decomposition enables triggered release of encapsulated cargo through the development of synthetic lipid switches that perturb lipid packing in the presence of disease-associated stimuli. In particular, recent approaches have utilized artificial lipid switches designed to undergo major conformational changes in response to a range of target conditions. On the other end of the spectrum, the ability to drive the in situ formation of lipid bilayer membranes from soluble precursors is an important component in the establishment of artificial cells. This work has culminated in chemoenzymatic strategies that enable lipid manufacturing from simple components. Herein, we describe recent advancements in these two unique undertakings that are linked by their reliance on common principles of lipid self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Qualls
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ruhani Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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5
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Abstract
A major goal of synthetic biology is to understand the transition between non-living matter and life. The bottom-up development of an artificial cell would provide a minimal system with which to study the border between chemistry and biology. So far, a fully synthetic cell has remained elusive, but chemists are progressing towards this goal by reconstructing cellular subsystems. Cell boundaries, likely in the form of lipid membranes, were necessary for the emergence of life. In addition to providing a protective barrier between cellular cargo and the external environment, lipid compartments maintain homeostasis with other subsystems to regulate cellular processes. In this Review, we examine different chemical approaches to making cell-mimetic compartments. Synthetic strategies to drive membrane formation and function, including bioorthogonal ligations, dissipative self-assembly and reconstitution of biochemical pathways, are discussed. Chemical strategies aim to recreate the interactions between lipid membranes, the external environment and internal biomolecules, and will clarify our understanding of life at the interface of chemistry and biology.
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6
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Martínez-Haya R, Heredia AA, Castro-Godoy WD, Schmidt LC, Marin ML, Argüello JE. Mechanistic Insight into the Light-Triggered CuAAC Reaction: Does Any of the Photocatalyst Go? J Org Chem 2021; 86:5832-5844. [PMID: 33825466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The attainment of transition-metal catalysis and photoredox catalysis has represented a great challenge over the last years. Herein, we have been able to merge both catalytic processes into what we have called "the light-triggered CuAAC reaction". Particularly, the CuAAC reaction reveals opposite outcomes depending on the nature of the photocatalyst (eosin Y disodium salt and riboflavin tetraacetate) and additives (DABCO, Et3N, and NaN3) employed. To get a better insight into the operating processes, steady-state, time-resolved emission, and laser flash photolysis experiments have been performed to determine reactivity and kinetic data. These results, in agreement with thermodynamic estimations based on reported data, support the proposed mechanisms. While for eosin Y (EY), Cu(II) was reduced by its triplet excited state; for riboflavin tetraacetate (RFTA), mainly triplet excited RFTA state photoreductions by electron donors as additives are mandatory, affording RFTA•- (from DABCO and NaN3) or RFTAH• (from Et3N). Subsequently, these species are responsible for the reduction of Cu(II). For both photocatalysts, photogenerated Cu(I) finally renders 1,2,3-triazole as the final product. The determined kinetic rate constants allowed postulating plausible mechanisms in both cases, bringing to light the importance of kinetic studies to achieve a strong understanding of photoredox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martínez-Haya
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián A Heredia
- INFIQC-CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Willber D Castro-Godoy
- Departamento de Química, Física y Matemática, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Universidad de El Salvador, Final Av. de Mártires y Héroes del 30 de Julio, San Salvador 1101, El Salvador
| | - Luciana C Schmidt
- INFIQC-CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Luisa Marin
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan E Argüello
- INFIQC-CONICET-UNC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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7
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Doerksen RS, Hodík T, Hu G, Huynh NO, Shuler WG, Krische MJ. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cycloadditions to Form Five-, Six-, and Seven-Membered Rings. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4045-4083. [PMID: 33576620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium-catalyzed cycloadditions to form five-, six-, and seven-membered rings are summarized, including applications in natural product total synthesis. Content is organized by ring size and reaction type. Coverage is limited to processes that involve formation of at least one C-C bond. Processes that are stoichiometric in ruthenium or exploit ruthenium as a Lewis acid (without intervention of organometallic intermediates), ring formations that occur through dehydrogenative condensation-reduction, σ-bond activation-initiated annulations that do not result in net reduction of bond multiplicity, and photochemically promoted ruthenium-catalyzed cycloadditions are not covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie S Doerksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tomáš Hodík
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Guanyu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nancy O Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - William G Shuler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin,, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 East 24th Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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8
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Zhou Y, Yang H, Wang C, Xue Y, Wang X, Bao C, Zhu L. In situ formation of a biomimetic lipid membrane triggered by an aggregation-enhanced photoligation chemistry. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3627-3632. [PMID: 34163636 PMCID: PMC8179432 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06049f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature or synthetic systems that can self-assemble into biomimetic membranes and form compartments in aqueous solution have received extensive attention. However, these systems often have the problems of requiring complex processes or lacking of control in simulating lipid synthesis and membrane formation of cells. This paper demonstrates a conceptually new strategy that uses a photoligation chemistry to convert nonmembrane molecules to yield liposomes. Lysosphingomyelin (Lyso) and 2-nitrobenzyl alcohol derivatives (NBs) are used as precursors and the amphiphilic character of Lyso promotes the formation of mixed aggregates with NBs, bringing the lipid precursors into close proximity. Light irradiation triggers the conversion of NBs into reactive aldehyde intermediates, and the preassembly facilitates the efficient and specific ligation between aldehyde and Lyso amine over other biomolecules, thereby accelerating the synthesis of phospholipids and forming membrane compartments similar to natural lipids. The light-controllable transformation represents the use of an external energy stimulus to form a biomimetic phospholipid membrane, which has a wide range of applications in medicinal chemistry, synthetic biological and abiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowu Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130# Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Huiting Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130# Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130# Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130# Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130# Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chunyan Bao
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130# Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130# Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Linyong Zhu
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130# Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology 130# Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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9
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Post EAJ, Fletcher SP. Dissipative self-assembly, competition and inhibition in a self-reproducing protocell model. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9434-9442. [PMID: 34094210 PMCID: PMC8162124 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02768e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bottom-up synthesis of artificial, life-like systems promises to enable the study of emergent properties distinctive to life. Here, we report protocell systems generated from phase-separated building blocks. Vesicle protocells self-reproduce through a phase-transfer mechanism, catalysing their own formation. Dissipative self-assembly by the protocells is achieved when a hydrolysis step to destroy the surfactant is introduced. Competition between micelle and vesicle based replicators for a common feedstock shows that environmental conditions can control what species predominates: under basic conditions vesicles predominate, but in a neutral medium micelles are selected for via a mechanism which inhibits vesicle formation. Finally, the protocells enable orthogonal reactivity by catalysing in situ formation of an amphiphilic organocatalyst, which after incorporation into the vesicle bilayer enantioselectively forms a secondary product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A J Post
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Stephen P Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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10
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Aubert S, Bezagu M, Spivey AC, Arseniyadis S. Spatial and temporal control of chemical processes. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Konetski D, Baranek A, Mavila S, Zhang X, Bowman CN. Formation of lipid vesicles in situ utilizing the thiol-Michael reaction. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7645-7652. [PMID: 30175341 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01329b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic unilamellar liposomes, functionalized to enable novel characteristics and behavior, are of great utility to fields such as drug delivery and artificial cell membranes. However, the generation of these liposomes is frequently highly labor-intensive and time consuming whereas in situ liposome formation presents a potential solution to this problem. A novel method for in situ lipid formation is developed here through the covalent addition of a thiol-functionalized lysolipid to an acrylate-functionalized tail via the thiol-Michael addition reaction with potential for inclusion of additional functionality via the tail. Dilute, stoichiometric mixtures of a thiol lysolipid and an acrylate tail reacted in an aqueous media at ambient conditions for 48 hours reached nearly 90% conversion, forming the desired thioether-containing phospholipid product. These lipids assemble into a high density of liposomes with sizes ranging from 20 nm to several microns in diameter and include various structures ranging from spheres to tubular vesicles with structure and lamellarity dependent upon the catalyst concentration used. To demonstrate lipid functionalization, an acrylate tail possessing a terminal alkyne was coupled into the lipid structure. These functionalized liposomes enable photo-induced polymerization of the terminal alkyne upon irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Konetski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, JSC Biotech Building, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA.
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13
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Zhang ST, Li P, Liao C, Luo T, Kou X, Xiao D. A highly sensitive luminescent probe based on Ru(II)-bipyridine complex for Cu 2+, l-Histidine detection and cellular imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 201:161-169. [PMID: 29751349 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A ruthenium(II) bipyridyl complex conjugated with functionalized Schiff base (RuA) has been synthesized and functioned as a luminescent probe. The luminescence of RuA was greatly quenched by Cu2+ due to its molecular coordination with paramagnetic Cu2+. Subsequently, the addition of l-Histidine can turn on the luminescence of the RuA-Cu(II) ensemble, which can be attributed to the replacement of RuA in RuA-Cu(II) ensemble by l-Histidine. On the basis of the quenching and recovery of the luminescence of RuA, we proposed a rapid and highly sensitive on-off-on luminescent assay for sensing Cu2+ and l-Histidine in aqueous solution. Under the optimal conditions, Cu2+ and l-Histidine can be detected in the concentration range of 5 nM-9.0 μM and 50 nM-30 μM, respectively, and the corresponding detection limits were calculated to be 0.35 and 0.44 nM (S/N=3), separately. The proposed luminescent probe has been successfully utilized for the analysis of Cu2+ and l-Histidine in real samples (drinking water and biological fluids). Furthermore, the probe revealed good photostability, low cytotoxicity and excellent permeability, making it a suitable candidate for cell imaging and labeling in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ting Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Caiyun Liao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingming Kou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Dan Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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14
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Enomoto T, Brea RJ, Bhattacharya A, Devaraj NK. In Situ Lipid Membrane Formation Triggered by Intramolecular Photoinduced Electron Transfer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:750-755. [PMID: 28982007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A major goal of synthetic biology is the development of rational methodologies to construct self-assembling non-natural membranes, which could enable the efficient fabrication of artificial cellular systems from purely synthetic components. However, spatiotemporal control of artificial membrane formation remains both challenging and limited in scope. Here, we describe a new methodology to promote biomimetic phospholipid membrane formation by the photochemical activation of a catalyst-sensitizer dyad via an intramolecular photoinduced electron-transfer process. Our results offer future opportunities to exert spatiotemporal control over artificial cellular constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Enomoto
- Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science , 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- SOKENDAI [The Graduate University for Advanced Studies] , Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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15
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Konetski D, Mavila S, Wang C, Worrell B, Bowman CN. Production of dynamic lipid bilayers using the reversible thiol–thioester exchange reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8108-8111. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03471k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coupling of phospholipid precursors using the reversible thiol–thioester exchange reaction enables downstream remodeling and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Konetski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
- Formlabs Inc
| | - Brady Worrell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- University of Colorado
- Boulder
- USA
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16
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Bhattacharya A, Brea RJ, Devaraj NK. De novo vesicle formation and growth: an integrative approach to artificial cells. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7912-7922. [PMID: 29619165 PMCID: PMC5858084 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02339a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of synthetic membranes provides a powerful tool to reconstruct the structure and function of living cells.
The assembly of artificial cells provides a novel strategy to reconstruct life's functions and shed light on how life emerged on Earth and possibly elsewhere. A major challenge to the development of artificial cells is the establishment of simple methodologies to mimic native membrane generation. An ambitious strategy is the bottom-up approach, which aims to systematically control the assembly of highly ordered membrane architectures with defined functionality. This perspective will cover recent advances and the current state-of-the-art of minimal lipid architectures that can faithfully reconstruct the structure and function of living cells. Specifically, we will overview work related to the de novo formation and growth of biomimetic membranes. These studies give us a deeper understanding of the nature of living systems and bring new insights into the origin of cellular life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahanjit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093 , USA .
| | - Roberto J Brea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093 , USA .
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, San Diego , La Jolla , CA 92093 , USA .
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17
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Abstract
Cells produce lipid membranes de novo through a complex sequence of enzymatic reactions that are difficult to reconstitute in a minimal system. We set out to take a different approach and mimic the synthesis of phospholipids using abiotic but highly selective bioconjugation reactions. Here, I outline several of our group's recent advances in exploring chemoselective reactions for stitching together lipid fragments to form membrane-forming lipids from non-membrane-forming precursors. Rapid chemical reactions can be harnessed to achieve facile de novo synthesis of lipid membranes, and spontaneous membrane formation can be applied for the reconstitution of membrane proteins, encapsulation and concentration of nanomaterials, and the study of lipid membrane remodeling. I conclude by briefly outlining future challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K Devaraj
- University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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18
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Hazra S, Deb M, Singh J, Elias AJ. Picolinamide as a Directing Group on Metal Sandwich Compounds: sp2 C–H Bond Activation and sp3 C–H Bond Oxidation. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanta Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Mayukh Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anil J. Elias
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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19
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Albertsen AN, Szymański JK, Pérez-Mercader J. Emergent Properties of Giant Vesicles Formed by a Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (PISA) Reaction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41534. [PMID: 28128307 PMCID: PMC5270245 DOI: 10.1038/srep41534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant micrometer sized vesicles are of obvious interest to the natural sciences as well as engineering, having potential application in fields ranging from drug delivery to synthetic biology. Their formation often requires elaborate experimental techniques and attempts to obtain giant vesicles from chemical media in a one-pot fashion have so far led to much smaller nanoscale structures. Here we show that a tailored medium undergoing controlled radical polymerization is capable of forming giant polymer vesicles. Using a protocol which allows for an aqueous reaction under mild conditions, we observe the macroscale consequences of amphiphilic polymer synthesis and the resulting molecular self-assembly using fluorescence microscopy. The polymerization process is photoinitiated by blue light granting complete control of the reaction, including on the microscope stage. The self-assembly process leads to giant vesicles with radii larger than 10 microns, exhibiting several emergent properties, including periodic growth and collapse as well as phototaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders N. Albertsen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Origins of Life Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jan K. Szymański
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Origins of Life Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Juan Pérez-Mercader
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Origins of Life Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, United States
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20
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Castro-Godoy WD, Heredia AA, Schmidt LC, Argüello JE. A straightforward and sustainable synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles via visible-light-promoted copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06390c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and environmentally friendly synthesis of triazoles through the effective reduction of copper(ii) assisted by organic dyes and promoted by visible light was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willber D. Castro-Godoy
- INFIQC
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- CONICET
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
| | - Adrián A. Heredia
- INFIQC
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- CONICET
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
| | - Luciana C. Schmidt
- INFIQC
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- CONICET
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
| | - Juan E. Argüello
- INFIQC
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
- CONICET
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
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21
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Konetski D, Gong T, Bowman CN. Photoinduced Vesicle Formation via the Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:8195-201. [PMID: 27443396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic vesicles have a wide range of applications from drug and cosmetic delivery to artificial cell and membrane studies, making simple and controlled formation of vesicles a large focus of the field today. Here, we report the use of the photoinitiated copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction using visible light to introduce spatiotemporal control into the formation of vesicles. Upon the establishment of the spatiotemporal control over vesicle formation, it became possible to adjust initiation conditions to modulate vesicle sizes resulting in the formation of controllably small or large vesicles based on light intensity or giant vesicles when the formation was initiated in flow-free conditions. Additionally, this photoinitiated method enables vesicle formation at a density 400-fold higher than initiation using sodium ascorbate as the catalyst. Together, these advances enable the formation of high-density, controlled size vesicles using low-energy wavelengths while producing enhanced control over the formation characteristics of the vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Konetski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , 3415 Colorado Avenue, JSC Biotech Building, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Tao Gong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , 3415 Colorado Avenue, JSC Biotech Building, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado , 3415 Colorado Avenue, JSC Biotech Building, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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