1
|
Taghizadeh Shool M, Amiri Rudbari H, Cuevas-Vicario JV, Rodríguez-Rubio A, Stagno C, Iraci N, Efferth T, Omer EA, Schirmeister T, Blacque O, Moini N, Sheibani E, Micale N. Investigating the Cytotoxicity of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes by Changing the Electronic Structure of Salicylaldehyde Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1083-1101. [PMID: 38156413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of Ru(II)-based polypyridyl complexes with an auxiliary salicylaldehyde ligand [Ru(phen)2(X-Sal)]BF4 {X: H (1), 5-Cl (2), 5-Br (3), 3,5-Cl2 (4), 3,5-Br2 (5), 3-Br,5-Cl (6), 3,5-I2 (7), 5-NO2 (8), 5-Me (9), 4-Me (10), 4-OMe (11), and 4-DEA (12), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, and 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of 4, 6, 9, 10, and 11 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis which revealed structural similarities. DFT and TD-DFT calculations showed that they also possess similar electronic structures. Absorption/emission spectra were recorded for 2, 3, 10, and 11. All Ru-complexes, unlike the pure ligands and the complex lacking the salicylaldehyde component, displayed outstanding antiproliferative activity in the screening test (10 μM) against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells underlining the crucial role of the presence of the auxiliary ligand for the biological activity. The two most active derivatives, namely 7 and 10, were selected for continuous assays showing IC50 values in the submicromolar and micromolar range against drug-sensitive CCRF-CEM and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, respectively. These two compounds were investigated in silico for their potential binding to duplex DNA well-matched and mismatched base pairs, since they showed remarkable selectivity indexes (2.2 and 19.5 respectively) on PBMC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadi Amiri Rudbari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - José V Cuevas-Vicario
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Rubio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Claudio Stagno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ejlal A Omer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nakisa Moini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, P.O. Box 1993891176, 1993891176 Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmail Sheibani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shereef HA, Moemen YS, Elshami FI, El-Nahas AM, Shaban SY, van Eldik R. DNA Binding and Cleavage, Stopped-Flow Kinetic, Mechanistic, and Molecular Docking Studies of Cationic Ruthenium(II) Nitrosyl Complexes Containing “NS4” Core. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073028. [PMID: 37049792 PMCID: PMC10095794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate in vitro DNA binding mechanistically of cationic nitrosyl ruthenium complex [RuNOTSP]+ and its ligand (TSPH2) in detail, correlate the findings with cleavage activity, and draw conclusions about the impact of the metal center. Theoretical studies were performed for [RuNOTSP]+, TSPH2, and its anion TSP−2 using DFT/B3LYP theory to calculate optimized energy, binding energy, and chemical reactivity. Since nearly all medications function by attaching to a particular protein or DNA, the in vitro calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) binding studies of [RuNOTSP]+ and TSPH2 with ctDNA were examined mechanistically using a variety of biophysical techniques. Fluorescence experiments showed that both compounds effectively bind to ctDNA through intercalative/electrostatic interactions via the DNA helix’s phosphate backbone. The intrinsic binding constants (Kb), (2.4 ± 0.2) × 105 M−1 ([RuNOTSP]+) and (1.9 ± 0.3) × 105 M−1 (TSPH2), as well as the enhancement dynamic constants (KD), (3.3 ± 0.3) × 104 M−1 ([RuNOTSP]+) and (2.6 ± 0.2) × 104 M−1 (TSPH2), reveal that [RuNOTSP]+ has a greater binding propensity for DNA compared to TSPH2. Stopped-flow investigations showed that both [RuNOTSP]+ and TSPH2 bind through two reversible steps: a fast second-order binding, followed by a slow first-order isomerization reaction via a static quenching mechanism. For the first and second steps of [RuNOTSP]+ and TSPH2, the detailed binding parameters were established. The total binding constants for [RuNOTSP]+ (Ka = 43.7 M−1, Kd = 2.3 × 10−2 M−1, ΔG0 = −36.6 kJ mol−1) and TSPH2 (Ka = 15.1 M−1, Kd = 66 × 10−2 M, ΔG0 = −19 kJ mol−1) revealed that the relative reactivity is approximately ([RuNOTSP]+)/(TSPH2) = 3/1. The significantly negative ΔG0 values are consistent with a spontaneous binding reaction to both [RuNOTSP]+ and TSPH2, with the former being very favorable. The findings showed that the Ru(II) center had an effect on the reaction rate but not on the mechanism and that the cationic [RuNOTSP]+ was a more highly effective DNA binder than the ligand TSPH2 via strong electrostatic interaction with the phosphate end of DNA. Because of its higher DNA binding affinity, cationic [RuNOTSP]+ demonstrated higher cleavage efficiency towards the minor groove of pBR322 DNA via the hydrolytic pathway than TSPH2, revealing the synergy effect of TSPH2 in the form of the complex. Furthermore, the mode of interaction of both compounds with ctDNA has also been supported by molecular docking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadeer A. Shereef
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
- Clinical Pathology Department, University Hospital, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Yasmine S. Moemen
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Fawzia I. Elshami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Nahas
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Shaban Y. Shaban
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.Y.S.); (R.v.E.)
| | - Rudi van Eldik
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.Y.S.); (R.v.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gandioso A, Vidal A, Burckel P, Gasser G, Alessio E. Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes Containing Simple Dioxo Ligands: a Structure-Activity Relationship Study Shows the Importance of the Charge. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200398. [PMID: 35924883 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Platinum complexes (i. e., cisplatin, carboplatin, and others) are currently heavily used for the treatment of different types of cancer, but unwanted effects occur. Ruthenium complexes have been shown to be potential promising alternatives to these metal-based drugs. In this work, we performed a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study on two small series of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes of the type [Ru(L1)2 (O^O)]Cln (3-8), where L1 is 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenantroline (DIP) or 1,10-phenantroline (phen), and O^O is a symmetrical anionic dioxo ligand: oxalate (ox, n=0), malonate (mal, n=0), or acetylacetonate (acac, n=1). These two self-consistent series of compounds allowed us to perform a systematic investigation for establishing how the nature of the ligands and the charge affect the anticancer properties of the complexes. Cytotoxicity tests on different cell lines demonstrated that some of the six compounds 3-8 have a promising anticancer activity. More specifically, the cationic complex [Ru(DIP)2 (η2 -acac)]Cl (4) has IC50 values in the mid-nanomolar concentration range, lower than those of cisplatin on the same cell lines. Interestingly, [Ru(DIP)2 (η2 -acac)]Cl was found to localize mainly in the mitochondria, whereas a smaller fraction was detected in the nucleus. Overall, our SAR investigation demonstrates the importance of combining the positive charge of the complex with the highly lipophilic diimine ligand DIP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gandioso
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alessio Vidal
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierre Burckel
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Enzo Alessio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pete S, Roy N, Kar B, Paira P. Construction of homo and heteronuclear Ru(II), Ir(III) and Re(I) complexes for target specific cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
5
|
Gupta S, Vandevord JM, Loftus LM, Toupin N, Al-Afyouni MH, Rohrabaugh TN, Turro C, Kodanko JJ. Ru(II)-Based Acetylacetonate Complexes Induce Apoptosis Selectively in Cancer Cells. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18964-18974. [PMID: 34846875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, chemical and biological characterization of seven Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes containing acetylacetonate (acac) ligands are reported. Electronic absorption spectra were determined and electrochemical potentials consistent with Ru(III/II) couples ranging from +0.60 to +0.73 V vs Ag/AgCl were measured. A series of complexes were screened against MDA-MB-231, DU-145, and MCF-10A cell lines to evaluate their cytotoxicities in cancer and normal cell lines. Although most complexes were either nontoxic or equipotent in cancer cells and normal cell lines, compound 1, [Ru(dpqy)(acac)(py)](PF6), where dqpy is 2,6-di(quinolin-2-yl)pyridine, showed up to 2.5:1.0 selectivity for cancer as compared to normal cells, along with nanomolar EC50 values in MDA-MB-231 cells. Lipophilicity, determined as the octanol/water partition coefficient, log Po/w, ranged from -0.33 (0.06) to 1.15 (0.10) for the complexes. Although cytotoxicity was not correlated with electrochemical potentials, a moderate linear correlation between lipophilicity and toxicities was observed. Cell death mechanism studies indicated that several of the Ru-acac compounds, including 1, induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jessica M Vandevord
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lauren M Loftus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Nicholas Toupin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Malik H Al-Afyouni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Thomas N Rohrabaugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jeremy J Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu Z, Lightcap IV, Tennyson AG. An organometallic catalase mimic with exceptional activity, H 2O 2 stability, and catalase/peroxidase selectivity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15493-15501. [PMID: 34473153 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese-porphyrin and -salen redox therapeutics catalyze redox reactions involving O2˙-, H2O2, and other reactive oxygen species, thereby modulating cellular redox states. Many of these complexes perform catalase reactions via high-valent Mn-oxo or -hydroxo intermediates that oxidize H2O2 to O2, but these intermediates can also oxidize other molecules (e.g., thiols), which is peroxidase reactivity. Whether catalase or peroxidase reactivity predominates depends on the metal-ligand set and the local environment, complicating predictions of what therapeutic effects (e.g., promoting vs. suppressing apoptosis) a complex might produce in a given disease. We recently reported an organoruthenium complex (Ru1) that catalyzes ABTS˙- reduction to ABTS2- with H2O2 as the terminal reductant. Given that H2O2 is thermodynamically a stronger oxidant than ABTS˙-, we reasoned that the intermediate that reduced ABTS˙- would also be able to reduce H2O2 to H2O. Herein we demonstrate Ru1-catalyzed H2O2 disproportionation into O2 and H2O, exhibiting an 8,580-fold faster catalase TOF vs. peroxidase TOF, which is 89.2-fold greater than the highest value reported for a Mn-porphyin or -salen complex. Furthermore, Ru1 was 120-fold more stable to H2O2 than the best MnSOD mimic (TON = 4000 vs. 33.4) Mechanistic studies provide evidence that the mechanism for Ru1-catalyzed H2O2 disproportionation is conserved with the mechanism for ABTS˙- reduction. Therapeutic effects of redox catalysts can be predicted with greater accuracy for catalysts that exhibit exclusively catalase activity, thereby facilitating the development of future redox therapeutic strategies for diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuomin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson University, USA.
| | - Ian V Lightcap
- Center for Sustainable Energy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Andrew G Tennyson
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson University, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ryan RT, Havrylyuk D, Stevens KC, Moore LH, Parkin S, Blackburn JS, Heidary DK, Selegue JP, Glazer EC. Biological Investigations of Ru(II) Complexes With Diverse β-diketone Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021; 2021:3611-3621. [PMID: 34539235 PMCID: PMC8447810 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The β-diketone scaffold is a commonly used synthetic intermediate, and is a functional group found in natural products such as curcuminoids. This core structure can also act as a chelating ligand for a variety of metals. In order to assess the potential of this scaffold for medicinal inorganic chemistry, seven different κ2-O,O'-chelating ligands were used to construct Ru(II) complexes with polypyridyl co-ligands, and their biological activity was evaluated. The complexes demonstrated promising structure-dependent cytotoxicity. Three complexes maintained high activity in a tumor spheroid model, and all complexes demonstrated low in vivo toxicity in a zebrafish model. From this series, the best compound exhibited a ~ 30-fold window between cytotoxicity in a 3-D tumor spheroid model and potential in vivo toxicity. These results suggest that κ2-O,O'-ligands can be incorporated into Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes to create favorable candidates for future drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael T Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Dmytro Havrylyuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Kimberly C Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - L Henry Moore
- University of Kentucky, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Jessica S Blackburn
- University of Kentucky, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - David K Heidary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - John P Selegue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Edith C Glazer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sudhindra P, Ajay Sharma S, Roy N, Moharana P, Paira P. Recent advances in cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and mechanism of action of ruthenium metallodrugs: A review. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
9
|
Gandhaveeti R, Konakanchi R, Jyothi P, Bhuvanesh NSP, Anandaram S. Unusual coordination mode of aroyl/acyl thiourea ligands and their π‐arene ruthenium (II) piano‐stool complexes: Synthesis, molecular geometry, theoretical studies and biological applications. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Gandhaveeti
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015 India
| | - Ramaiah Konakanchi
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Warangal 506004 India
| | | | | | - Sreekanth Anandaram
- Department of ChemistryNational Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015 India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
New organoruthenium compounds with pyrido[2′,3′:5,6]pyrazino[2,3-f][1, 10]phenanthroline: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, and investigation of mechanism of action. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:297-310. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
11
|
Huang HL, Tang B, Yi QY, Wan D, Yang LL, Liu YJ. Synthesis, DNA-binding, molecular docking and cytotoxic activity in vitro evaluation of ruthenium(II) complexes. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
12
|
Ahmad M, Suhaimi SN, Chu TL, Abdul Aziz N, Mohd Kornain NK, Samiulla DS, Lo KW, Ng CH, Khoo ASB. Ternary copper(II) complex: NCI60 screening, toxicity studies, and evaluation of efficacy in xenograft models of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191295. [PMID: 29329342 PMCID: PMC5766233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper(II) ternary complex, [Cu(phen)(C-dmg)(H2O)]NO3 was evaluated against a panel of cell lines, tested for in vivo efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenograft models as well as for toxicity in NOD scid gamma mice. The Cu(II) complex displayed broad spectrum cytotoxicity against multiple cancer types, including lung, colon, central nervous system, melanoma, ovarian, and prostate cancer cell lines in the NCI-60 panel. The Cu(II) complex did not cause significant induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and 1A enzymes but moderately inhibited CYP isoforms 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2B6, 2C8 and 3A4. The complex significantly inhibited tumor growth in nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenograft bearing mice models at doses which were well tolerated without causing significant or permanent toxic side effects. However, higher doses which resulted in better inhibition of tumor growth also resulted in toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Ahmad
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shazlan-Noor Suhaimi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tai-Lin Chu
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazlin Abdul Aziz
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor-Kaslina Mohd Kornain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D. S. Samiulla
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Kwok-Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chew-Hee Ng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (ASBK); (CHN)
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (ASBK); (CHN)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang B, Wan D, Lai SH, Yang HH, Zhang C, Wang XZ, Zeng CC, Liu YJ. Design, synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of ruthenium (II) polypyridyl complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 173:93-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Tang B, Shen F, Wan D, Guo BH, Wang YJ, Yi QY, Liu YJ. DNA-binding, molecular docking studies and biological activity studies of ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new Ru(ii) complexes [Ru(N–N)2(PTCP)]2+ were synthesized and characterized. The DNA-binding, in vitro cytotoxicity, apoptosis, autophagy and western blot analysis were investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Wan
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bo-Hong Guo
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yang-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Yan Yi
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center
| |
Collapse
|