1
|
Zheng H, Zhu Z, Li S, Niu J, Dong X, Leong YK, Chang JS. Dissecting the ecological risks of sulfadiazine degradation intermediates under different advanced oxidation systems: From toxicity to the fate of antibiotic resistance genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 941:173678. [PMID: 38848919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The incomplete degradation of antibiotics in water can produce intermediates that carry environmental risks and thus warrant concerns. In this study, the degradation of high concentrations of antibiotic sulfadiazine (SDZ) by advanced oxidation processes that leverage different reactive oxide species was systematically evaluated in terms of the influence of different degradation intermediates on the propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The ozone, persulfate, and photocatalytic oxidation systems for SDZ degradation are dominated by ozone, direct electron transfer, and singlet oxygen, hole, and superoxide radicals, respectively. These processes produce 15 intermediates via six degradation pathways. Notably, it was determined that three specific intermediates produced by the ozone and persulfate systems were more toxic than SDZ. In contrast, the photocatalytic system did not produce any intermediates with toxicity exceeding that of SDZ. Microcosm experiments combined with metagenomics confirmed significant changes in microbiota community structure after treatment with SDZ and its intermediates, including significant changes in the abundance of Flavobacterium, Dungenella, Archangium, and Comamonas. This treatment also led to the emergence of sulfonamide ARGs. The total abundance of sulfonamide ARGs was found to be positively correlated with residual SDZ concentration, with the lowest total abundance observed in the photocatalytic system. Additionally, the correlation analysis unveiled microbiota carrying sulfonamide ARGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heshan Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| | - Junfeng Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Gao J, Wang Q, Chen H, Zhang Y, Fu X. Efficient peroxymonosulfate activation by nanoscale zerovalent iron for removal of sulfadiazine and sulfadiazine resistance bacteria: Sulfidated modification or not. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133869. [PMID: 38422733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Whether it's necessary to extra chemical synthesis steps to modify nZVI in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation process are worth to further investigation. The 56 mg/L nZVI/153.65 mg/L PMS and 56 mg/L sulfidated nZVI (S-nZVI) (S/Fe molar ratio = 1:5)/153.65 mg/L PMS) processes could effectively attain 97.7% (with kobs of 3.7817 min-1) and 97.0% (with kobs of 3.4966 min-1) of the degradation of 20 mg/L sulfadiazine (SDZ) in 1 min, respectively. The nZVI/PMS system could quickly achieve 85.5% degradation of 20 mg/L SDZ in 1 min and effectively inactivate 99.99% of coexisting Pseudomonas. HLS-6 (5.81-log) in 30 min. Electron paramagnetic resonance tests and radical quenching experiments determined SO4•-, HO•, 1O2 and O2•- were responsible for SDZ degradation. The nZVI/PMS system could still achieve the satisfactory degradation efficiency of SDZ under the influence of humic acid (exceeded 96.1%), common anions (exceeded 67.3%), synthetic wastewater effluent (exceeded 90.7%) and real wastewater effluent (exceeded 78.7%). The high degradation efficiency of tetracycline (exceeded 98.9%) and five common disinfectants (exceeded 96.3%) confirmed the applicability of the two systems for pollutants removal. It's no necessary to extra chemical synthesis steps to modify nZVI for PMS activation to remove both chemical and biological pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jingfeng Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lou J, An J, Wang X, Cheng M, Cui Y. A novel DBD/VUV/PMS process for efficient sulfadiazine degradation in wastewater: Singlet oxygen-dominated nonradical oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132650. [PMID: 37813033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel process of dielectric barrier discharge plasma/vacuum ultraviolet/peroxymonosulfate (DBD/VUV/PMS) for the nonradical-dominated degradation of sulfadiazine (SDZ) was investigated. The hybrid system has significant synergistic effects, with 95.5% SDZ and 68.3% TOC removal within 10 min. The activation efficiency of DBD/VUV (69.0%) on PMS via multipath was 2.07 times higher than that of single DBD (33.3%) under alkaline conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance analyses and trapping experiments showed 1O2 was the primary active substance in the DBD/VUV/PMS process. The predominant role of 1O2 revealed that SDZ removal mainly followed the nonradical reaction pathway, contrary to the previously reported non-thermal plasma (NTP)-based radical-dominated process. Multiple spectroscopy analysis showed the efficient degradation process of SDZ. Unlike the radical attack sites, the SDZ transformation pathway by nonradical 1O2 was probably initiated by an aniline ring site attack based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and product analyses. The DBD/VUV/PMS process reduced energy consumption by 69% compared to DBD. Finally, the evaluation of ecotoxicity and PMS utilization demonstrated the advantages and application prospects of the DBD/VUV/PMS process. This research developed a new nonradical-dominated pathway for antibiotic degradation by the photo/plasma/persulfate process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lou
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Jiutao An
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiangyou Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Meng Cheng
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yingjun Cui
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng X, Désesquelles P, Xu L. Decomposition mechanisms of nuclear-grade cationic exchange resin by advanced oxidation processes: Statistical molecular fragmentation model and DFT calculations. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:433-448. [PMID: 37778817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The treatment and disposal of radioactive waste are presently facing great challenges. Spent ion exchange resins have become a focus of attention due to their high production and serious environmental risks. In this paper, a simplified model of cationic exchange resin is proposed, and the degradation processes of cationic resin monomer initiated by hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are clarified by combining statistical molecular fragmentation (SMF) model and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The prediction of active sites indicates that the S-O bonds and the C-S bond of the sulfonic group are more likely to react during the degradation. The meta-position of the sulfonic group on the benzene ring is the most active site, and the benzene ring without the sulfonic group has a certain reactivity. The C11-C14 and C17-C20 bonds, on the carbon skeleton, are the most easily broken. It is also found that dihydroxy addition and elimination reactions play a major role in the process of desulfonation, carbon skeleton cleavage and benzene ring separation. The decomposition mechanisms found through the combination of physical models and chemical calculations, provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Meng
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pierre Désesquelles
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Lejin Xu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng J, Zhang P, Li X, Ge L, Niu J. Insight into typical photo-assisted AOPs for the degradation of antibiotic micropollutants: Mechanisms and research gaps. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140211. [PMID: 37739134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the incomplete elimination by traditional wastewater treatment, antibiotics are becoming emerging contaminants, which are proved to be ubiquitous and promote bacterial resistance in the aquatic systems. Antibiotic pollution has raised particular concerns, calling for improved methods to clean wastewater and water. Photo-assisted advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have attracted increasing attention because of the fast reaction rate, high oxidation capacity and low selectivity to remove antibiotics from wastewater. On the basis of latest literature, we found some new breakthroughs in the degradation mechanisms of antibiotic micropollutants with respect to the AOPs. Therefore, this paper summarizes and highlights the degradation kinetics, pathways and mechanisms of antibiotics degraded by the photo-assisted AOPs, including the UV/O3 process, photo-Fenton technology, and photocatalysis. In the processes, functional groups are attacked by hydroxyl radicals, and major structures are destroyed subsequently, which depends on the classes of antibiotics. Meanwhile, their basic principles, current applications and influencing factors are briefly discussed. The main challenges, prospects, and recommendations for the improvement of photo-assisted AOPs are proposed to better remove antibiotics from wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuai Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Xuanyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China
| | - Linke Ge
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, PR China; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Junfeng Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nasab EA, Nasseh N, Damavandi S, Amarzadeh M, Ghahrchi M, Hoseinkhani A, Alver A, Khan NA, Farhadi A, Danaee I. Efficient purification of aqueous solutions contaminated with sulfadiazine by coupling electro-Fenton/ultrasound process: optimization, DFT calculation, and innovative study of human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84200-84218. [PMID: 37365361 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, the hybrid process potential of ultrasound (US) and electro-Fenton (EF), named sono-electro-Fenton (SEF), was fully investigated for sulfadiazine (SDZ) degradation. The decontamination in the integration approach was revealed to be greater than in individual procedures, i.e., EF process (roughly 66%) and US process (roughly 15%). The key operating process factors (i.e., applied voltage, H2O2 content, pH, initial concentration of SDZ, and reaction time) affecting SDZ removal were evaluated and optimized using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). In addition, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) as an efficient predictive model was applied to forecast the decontamination efficiency of SDZ through the SEF process based on the same findings produced from BBD. The results revealed that the predictability of SDZ elimination by the ANFIS and BBD approaches exhibited an excellent agreement (a greater R2 of 0.99%) among the both models. Density functional theory was also employed to forecast the plausible decomposition elucidation by the bond-breaking mechanism of organic substances. Plus, the main side products of SDZ degradation during the SEF process were tracked. Eventually, the non-carcinogenic risk assessment of different samples of natural water containing SDZ that was treated by adopting US, EF, and SEF processes was examined for the first time. The findings indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values of all the purified water sources were computed in the permissible range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Abbasi Nasab
- Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran
| | - Negin Nasseh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sobhan Damavandi
- Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran
| | - Mohamadamin Amarzadeh
- Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran
| | - Mina Ghahrchi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
| | - Atefeh Hoseinkhani
- Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran
| | - Alper Alver
- Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Aksaray University, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Civil Engineering Department Mewat Engineering College, Nuh Haryana, India, 122107
| | - Asadollah Farhadi
- Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran
| | - Iman Danaee
- Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu D, Li K, Zhou L, Lei J, Wang L, Zhang J, Liu Y. N, O co-doping enhanced the ability of carbon/Fe composites for peroxymonosulfate activation to degrade sulfadiazine: the advantages of nitrate saturated MOFs as precursors. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
|
8
|
Ghaffari Y, Saifuddin M, Kim S, Beak S, Bae J, Kim KS. A Novel Metal-Containing Mesoporous Silica Composite for the Decolorization of Rhodamine B: Effect of Metal Content on Structure and Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4108. [PMID: 36500731 PMCID: PMC9736502 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel MnxFey@SiO2 (x,y = 1-20%) nanocomposites were synthesized for the first time via the sol-gel/combustion method with different content of precursors (Mn and Fe acetate salts). The effect of precursor content and ratio on physicochemical properties were observed by various characterization methods. Moreover, Rhodamine B (RhB) was chosen as the target pollutant to test the performance of these nanocomposites under a photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction. The results showed that the nanocomposite morphology improved by increasing Fe and Mn content. In this study, interesting behavior was observed in BET results which were different from the fact that increasing metal content can decrease the surface area. This study revealed that one metal could be more critical in controlling the properties than another. Moreover, the precursor ratio appears to have a more tangible effect on the surface area than the effect of precursor content. Among all synthesized nanocomposites, Mn1Fe5@SiO2 showed the highest surface area of 654.95 m2/g. At optimum batch conditions (temp = 25 °C, catalyst dosage = 1 g L-1, H2O2 = 75 mmolL-1, and initial RhB concentration = 50 mg L-1), complete removal (simultaneous adsorption/degradation) occurred using Mn1Fe5@SiO2 at neutral pH. This study showed that the designed nanomaterial could be used as a dual functional adsorbent/photocatalyst in different environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ghaffari
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Saifuddin
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Suho Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Beak
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeol Bae
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Kim
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang 10223, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu Z, Ling Y, Sun W, Liu C, Mao T, Ao X, Huang T. Antibiotics degradation by UV/chlor(am)ine advanced oxidation processes: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119673. [PMID: 35760199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are emerging contaminants in aquatic environments which pose serious risks to the ecological environment and human health. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on ultraviolet (UV) light have good application prospects for antibiotic degradation. As new and developing UV-AOPs, UV/chlorine and derived UV/chloramine processes have attracted increasing attention due to the production of highly reactive radicals (e.g., hydroxyl radical, reactive chlorine species, and reactive nitrogen species) and also because they can provide long-lasting disinfection. In this review, the main reaction pathways of radicals formed during the UV/chlor (am)ine process are proposed. The degradation efficiency, influencing factors, generation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), and changes in toxicity that occur during antibiotic degradation by UV/chlor (am)ine are reviewed. Based on the statistics and analysis of published results, the effects caused by energy consumption, defined as electrical energy per order (EE/O), increase in the following order: UV/chlorine < UV/peroxydisulfate (PDS)< UV/H2O2 < UV/persulfate (PS) < 265 nm and 285 nm UV-LED/chlorine (EE/O). Some inherent problems that affect the UV/chlor (am)ine processes and prospects for future research are proposed. The use of UV/chlor (am)ine AOPs is a rich field of research and has promising future applications, and this review provides a theoretical basis for that.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanchen Ling
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Beijing Waterworks Group Co., LTD, Beijing, 100031, China
| | - Ted Mao
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China; MW Technologies, Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiuwei Ao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianyin Huang
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kokoszka K, Wilk J, Felis E, Bajkacz S. Application of UHPLC-MS/MS method to study occurrence and fate of sulfonamide antibiotics and their transformation products in surface water in highly urbanized areas. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131189. [PMID: 34153907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are used on a large scale in human and veterinary medicine. The main goal of this study was to develop a method for the detection of selected SAs (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethiazole, and sulfisoxazole) in aqueous samples (targeted analysis), and then conduct a non-targeted analysis to determine the transformation products to elucidate their degradation pathways. These analyses were performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The procedure was used to detect selected antibiotics in water samples collected throughout a highly urbanized area. Among the studied compounds, sulfamethoxazole (max. 78.88 ng L-1) and sulfapyridine (max. 38.88 ng L -1) were the most common pollutants identified in surface waters. Trace amounts of sulfadiazine (below LOQ = 0.40 ng L-1) were also detected. Next, the samples were screened to detect the transformation products. Several sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole transformation products were detected and confirmed in the environmental samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kokoszka
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Wilk
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Felis
- Silesian University of Technology, Center for Biotechnology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology Department, Akademicka 2, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, B. Krzywoustego 6, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Center for Biotechnology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bhattacharyya P, Basak S, Chakrabarti S. Advancement towards Antibiotic Remediation: Heterostructure and Composite materials. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Bhattacharyya
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India
| | - Sanchari Basak
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India
| | - Sandip Chakrabarti
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang H, Deng J, Lu X, Wan L, Huang J, Liu Y. Rapid and continuous degradation of diclofenac by Fe(II)-activated persulfate combined with bisulfite. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
13
|
Shen H, Sun P, Meng X, Wang J, Liu H, Xu L. Nanoscale Fe 0/Cu 0 bimetallic catalysts for Fenton-like oxidation of the mixture of nuclear-grade cationic and anionic exchange resins. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128763. [PMID: 33168287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spent resins generated from the nuclear industrial processes are still difficult to be treated and disposed. Fenton-like processes have great application potential in the treatment of spent resins, but the Fenton reaction mechanisms and resin degradation pathways remain challenging. In this study, nanoscale Fe0/Cu0 bimetallic catalysts were prepared and characterized for the Fenton-like degradation of the mixture of cationic and anionic resins. High catalytic property of Fe0/Cu0 bimetallic nanoparticles activated by H2O2 was evaluated, according to the effects of various nanoparticles, temperature, catalyst amount, H2O2 concentration and the mixing ratio of cationic and anionic resins. Combined the shape and color changes of mixed resins with the experimental and calculated characterization results, different degradation difficulty of cationic and anionic resins and their degradation mechanisms were studied. According to the density functional theory calculations of the optimized resin molecules with the Fe0/Cu0 catalyst, the mechanisms of Fenton-like reactions and the degradation of mixed resins through the synergistic effect of Fe and Cu species were proposed. The comprehensive Fenton-like reactions and degradation mechanisms provide new insights to advance the treatment of spent resins and organic polymers by Fenton-like processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Shen
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Peijie Sun
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Wastes Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Datang Environment Industry Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Lejin Xu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Photochemical Oxidation Process of Copper from Electroplating Wastewater: Process Performance and Kinetic Study. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An investigation of the process of ozone combined with ultraviolet radiation has been carried out in order to establish the kinetics for photochemical oxidation of copper (Cu) from electroplating wastewater. The effects of operating parameters, including initial Cu concentration, ozone dosage, UV irradiation intensity, and pH value on the photochemical oxidation of Cu have been studied comprehensively. The Cu concentration during the reaction was identified using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method. The solid product was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope–energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) methods. It was found that the UV-Ozone process has high performance on Cu removal compared to UV and Ozone processes due to the high production rate of HO• radicals. It was also found that the solid product from the UV-Ozone process was CuO monoclinic crystal phase. The initial Cu concentration, ozone dosage, and pH value were significantly affected the Cu removal efficiency. On the other hand, the UV irradiation intensity was not significant; however, it has responsibility in promoting the ozone photolysis. The kinetics model for the photochemical oxidation of Cu was established following the first-order kinetic model. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism was also developed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu L, Sun P, Meng X, Shen H, Li W, Wang J, Yang J. Enhanced heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation of nuclear-grade cationic exchange resin by nanoscale zero-valent iron: experiments and DFT calculations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13773-13789. [PMID: 32034596 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) was prepared and used as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of nuclear-grade cationic exchange resin. The properties of nZVI before and after reaction were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The results showed that nZVI-H2O2 system exhibited the enhanced degradation of cationic resins, compared with Fe2+-H2O2, Cu0-H2O2, and Fe0/Cu0-H2O2 systems. The effects of initial temperature, nZVI dose, and H2O2 concentration were studied, and the higher temperature and nZVI dose with relatively low H2O2 concentration brought faster degradation rate. The degradation of cationic resins followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics with the apparent activation energy of 53.29 kJ/mol. According to the experimental and calculated infrared and UV-visible spectra, the carbon skeleton of cationic resins was broken with the detachment of benzene ring and the desulfonation of resin polymer by hydroxyl radicals (•OH), generating long-chain alkenes. These intermediates were further oxidized through the hydroxyl substitution, hydrogen abstraction, ring cleavage, or carbonylation reactions, finally forming carboxylic acids remained in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lejin Xu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijie Sun
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyi Shen
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuyang Li
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun S, Yao H, Fu W, Xue S, Zhang W. Enhanced degradation of antibiotics by photo-fenton reactive membrane filtration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 386:121955. [PMID: 31887563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Micropollution such as pharmaceutical residuals potentially compromises water quality and jeopardizes human health. This study evaluated the photo-Fenton ceramic membrane filtration toward the removal of sulfadiazine (SDZ) as a common antibiotic chemical. The batch experiments verified that the photo-Fenton reactions with as Goethite (α-FeOOH) as the photo-Fenton catalyst achieved the degradation rates of 100% within 60 min with an initial SDZ concentration of 12 mg·L-1. Meanwhile, a mineralization rate of over 80% was obtained. In continuous filtration, a negligible removal rate (e.g., 4%) of SDZ was obtained when only filtering the feed solution with uncoated or catalyst-coated membranes. However, under Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, both the removal rates of SDZ were significantly increased to 70% (no H2O2) and 99% (with H2O2), respectively, confirming the active degradation by the photo-Fenton reactions. The highest apparent quantum yield (AQY) reached up to approximately 25% when the UV254 intensity was 100 μW·cm-2 and H2O2 was 10 mmol·L-1. Moreover, the photo-Fenton reaction was shown to effectively mitigate fouling and prevent flux decline. This study demonstrated synchronization of photo-Fenton reactions and membrane filtration to enhance micropollutant degradation. The findings are also important for rationale design and operation of photo-Fenton or photocatalytic membrane filtration systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Sun
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Department of municipal and environmental Engineering, School of civil engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Hong Yao
- Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance Genes, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Department of municipal and environmental Engineering, School of civil engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Wanyi Fu
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 07102, the US
| | - Shan Xue
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China; John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 07102, the US
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China; John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 07102, the US
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shehab OR, Soliman FA, Abdel-Ghani NT, Mansour AM. Spectroscopic investigation of π-acceptors in the determination and photoinduced degradation of Sulfacetamide. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117821. [PMID: 31791911 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of expired and unused Sulfacetamide (SA) drug in water led to a global need for the development of effective advanced method for the quantitative analysis and for minimizing its occurrence in the nature. To find new effective photochemical decomposition method close to that obtained by the well-known Fenton reaction, the photodegradation of SA was investigated in presence of dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and/or other common additives at two different wavelengths (365 and 256 nm). The role of DDQ in the degradation process of SA was evaluated in comparison to the other investigated π-acceptor systems (Chloranilic acid (CHL) and Picric acid (PA)). While the photodegradation process of SA was hardly to proceed in the absence of a catalyst and/or additive, addition of DDQ and NaNO2 to the solution of SA induced decomposition of about 94% of SA within 25 min upon the exposure to light source at 256 nm. On the other hand, SA was quantitatively analyzed by recording the absorbance of its charge transfer (CT) products with DDQ, CHL and PA at a certain wavelength. CHL is preferred with concentrated samples of SA, while PA is recommended for diluted samples of SA. SA → DDQ has a widely range of stability over the pH range of 4.5-12.0. While SA → CHL is stable only in the acidic medium (pH = 4.8-5.6), SA → PA is steady in the basic medium (pH = 7.5-11.0). The nature of the DDQ CT complex was investigated in the solid state. The electronic structures of the complexes were studied by calculating the time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola R Shehab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo University street, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Soliman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo University street, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Nour T Abdel-Ghani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo University street, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo University street, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Enhanced performance of Ag3PO4/Fe3O4/GO bifunctional catalysts on p-chlorophenol degradation in advanced catalytic oxidation systems. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Sun J, Wang Q, Zhang J, Wang Z, Wu Z. Degradation of sulfadiazine in drinking water by a cathodic electrochemical membrane filtration process. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Du J, Guo W, Wang H, Yin R, Zheng H, Feng X, Che D, Ren N. Hydroxyl radical dominated degradation of aquatic sulfamethoxazole by Fe 0/bisulfite/O 2: Kinetics, mechanisms, and pathways. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 138:323-332. [PMID: 29627708 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, batch experiments were carried out to investigate the key factors on sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal kinetics in a new AOPs based on the combination of zero valent iron (Fe0) and bisulfite (S(IV)). With the increase of Fe0 from 0.25 mM to 5 mM, the removal rate of SMX was linearly increased in the Fe0/S(IV)/O2 system by accelerating the activation of S(IV) and Fe0 corrosion to accelerate. In the first 10 min of reaction, the increasing concentration of S(IV) inhibited SMX removal after since the high S(IV) concentration quenched reactive oxidative species (ROS). Then SMX removal rate was accelerated with the increase of S(IV) concentration after S(IV) were consumed up. The optimal ratio of S(IV) concentrations to Fe0 concentration for SMX removal in the Fe0/S(IV)/O2 system was 1:1. With SMX concentrations increasing from 1 to 50 μM, SMX removal rate was inhibited for the limitation of ROS yields. Although the presence of SO4- and OH was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum, OH was identified as the dominant ROS in the Fe0/S(IV)/O2 system by chemical quenching experiments. Besides, strong inhibitive effects of 1,10-phenanthroline on SMX degradation kinetics by Fe0/S(IV)/O2 proved that the generation of ROS was rely on the release of Fe(II) and Fe(III). The generation of SO4- was ascribed to the activation of S(IV) by Fe(II)/Fe(III) recycling and the activation of HSO5- by Fe(II). And OH was simultaneously transformed from SO4- and generated by Fe0/O2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was conducted to reveal special reactive sites on SMX for radicals attacking and predicted intermediates. Finally, four possible SMX degradation pathways were accordingly proposed in the Fe0/S(IV)/O2 system based on experimental methods and DFT calculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Wanqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Huazhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Renli Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Heshan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaochi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Di Che
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Du J, Guo W, Li X, Li Q, Wang B, Huang Y, Ren N. Degradation of sulfamethoxazole by a heterogeneous Fenton-like system with microscale zero-valent iron: Kinetics, effect factors, and pathways. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Mansour A, Soliman FA, Shehab OR, Abdel-Ghani NT. Photodegradation of sulfadiazine catalyzed by p-benzoquinones and picric acid: application to charge transfer complexes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05433e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo degradation of sulfadiazine drug was effectively carried out at 256 nm in presence of DDQ and sodium nitrite. This was simply followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The effect of some additives such as oxalic acid, and/or hematite nanoparticles was studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Mansour
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Cairo University
- Giza
- Egypt
| | - Fatma A. Soliman
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Cairo University
- Giza
- Egypt
| | - Ola R. Shehab
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Cairo University
- Giza
- Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang S, Che D. Degradation of aquatic sulfadiazine by Fe0/persulfate: kinetics, mechanisms, and degradation pathway. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07920f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Degradative mechanisms of aquatic sulfadiazine by Fe0/persulfate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Northeast Electric Power University
- Jilin 132012
- PR China
| | - Di Che
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture
- Northeast Electric Power University
- Jilin 132012
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|