1
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Wang Z, Zhu YJ, Ahlstedt O, Konstantinou K, Akola J, Tung CH, Alkan F, Sun D. Three in One: Three Different Molybdates Trapped in a Thiacalix[4]arene Protected Ag 72 Nanocluster for Structural Transformation and Photothermal Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314515. [PMID: 38015420 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) represent crucial intermediates in the formation of insoluble metal oxides from soluble metal ions, however, the rapid hydrolysis-condensation kinetics of MoVI or WVI makes the direct characterization of coexisted molecular species in a given medium extremely difficult. Silver nanoclusters have shown versatile capacity to encapsulate diverse POMs, which provides an alternative scene to appreciate landscape of POMs in atomic precision. Here, we report a thiacalix[4]arene protected silver nanocluster (Ag72b) that simultaneously encapsulates three kinds of molybdates (MoO4 2- , Mo6 O22 8- and Mo7 O25 8- ) in situ transformed from classic Lindqvist Mo6 O19 2- , providing more deep understanding on the structural diversity and condensation growth route of POMs in solution. Ag72b is the first silver nanocluster trapping so many kinds of molybdates, which in turn exert collective template effect to aggregate silver atoms into a nanocluster. The post-reaction of Ag72b with AgOAc or PhCOOAg produces a discrete Ag24 nanocluster (Ag24a) or an Ag28 nanocluster based 1D chain structure (Ag28a), respectively. Moreover, the post-synthesized Ag28a can be utilized as potential ignition material for further application. This work not only provides an important model for unlocking dynamic features of POMs at atom-precise level but also pioneers a promising approach to synthesize silver nanoclusters from known to unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Olli Ahlstedt
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jaakko Akola
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Fahri Alkan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
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2
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Carbon dots as potential greener and sustainable fluorescent nanomaterials in service of pollutants sensing. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Liu X, Yang H, Chen Y, Yang Y, Porcar L, Radulescu A, Guldin S, Jin R, Stellacci F, Luo Z. Quantifying the Solution Structure of Metal Nanoclusters Using Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209751. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong China
| | - Huayan Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering University College London London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin BP 156 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9 France
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Center for Neutron Science JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering University College London London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Zhi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong China
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4
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Liu X, Yang H, Chen Y, Yang Y, Porcar L, Radulescu A, Guldin S, Jin R, Stellacci F, Luo Z. Quantifying the Solution Structure of Metal Nanoclusters Using Small‐Angle Neutron Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Liu
- Southern University of Science and Technology department of biomedical engineering CHINA
| | - Huayang Yang
- Shenzhen University department of medicine CHINA
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Carnegie Mellon University department of chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ye Yang
- University College London department of chemical engineering UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin large scale structure group FRANCE
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich Centre for Neutron Science: Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH Julich Centre for Neutron Science Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) CHINA
| | - Stefan Guldin
- University College London department of chemical engineering UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Carnegie Mellon University department of chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- EPFL: Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Supramolecular NanoMaterials and Interfaces Laboratory SWITZERLAND
| | - Zhi Luo
- SUSTech: Southern University of Science and Technology Biomedical Engineering Xueyuan Avenue 1088HCI J392 Shenzhen CHINA
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5
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Krautscheid H, Fuhrmann D. Synthesis, Crystal Structures and NMR Characterization of Molecular Silver Tin Chalcogenide Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Krautscheid
- Universität Leipzig Institut für Anorganische Chemie Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig GERMANY
| | - Daniel Fuhrmann
- Leipzig University: Universitat Leipzig Institut für Anorganische Chemie Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig GERMANY
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6
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Su YM, Cao ZZ, Feng L, Xue QW, Tung CH, Gao ZY, Sun D. Thermally Hypsochromic or Bathochromic Emissions? The Silver Nuclei Does Matter. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104524. [PMID: 34816615 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural modulation of core-shell silver nanoclusters from the inside is a huge challenge but of great importance in their syntheses. Herein, two silver nanoclusters [Ag3 S9 @Ag42 ] (SD/Ag45b) and [Ag9 S9 @Ag42 ] (SD/Ag51a) are isolated in the presence of different kinds of sulfonic acids. Uniquely, SD/Ag45b and SD/Ag51a show typical core-shell structures with the similar Ag42 shell but different cores. The outer shell of 42 silver atoms comprises two Ag3 trigons at two poles encircled by three equatorial distorted square cupolas (J4 , Ag12 ). The core in SD/Ag45b is a silver trigon ligated by nine S2- ions (Ag3 S9 ), while a tricapped triangular prismatic Ag9 also ligated by the same amount of S2- ions (Ag9 S9 ) is observed in the inner core of SD/Ag51a. The electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) indicates that the introduction of p-toluenesulfonic acid can realize the transformation from SD/Ag45b to Ag51 . SD/Ag45b and SD/Ag51a show inverse luminescence thermochromic behaviors in the near-infrared (NIR) region, mainly dictated by the inner silver cores. This work not only realizes the synthesis of new silver nanoclusters by core modulation but also provides a prototype to get molecular-level insight into the correlation between structure and luminescence thermochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Zhen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Wang Xue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
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7
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Zhang J, Hao H, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Wang X, Liu H, Li S, Gao G. Coumarin Derivative Induced 3D Organo‐Silver(I) Complex with Tandem Hydrazine Detection and 4‐Nitrophenol Catalysis. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Yuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Hui‐Ping Hao
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Yun‐Jie Zhang
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Yu‐Guang Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Xin‐Yu Wang
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Shou‐Cong Li
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
| | - Guang‐Gang Gao
- College of Pharmacy Jiamusi University Jiamusi 154007 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
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8
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Kaur A, Gupta U, Hasan I, Muhammad R, Ahmad Khan R. Synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots from spices for determination of sunset yellow in beverages. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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Su Q, Yang X. Promoting Room Temperature Phosphorescence through Electron Transfer from Carbon Dots to Promethazine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41238-41248. [PMID: 34410103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) as a fascinating phenomenon shows great potential toward multiple applications. Howbeit, it is challengeable to improve the phosphorescence efficiency of carbon dots (CDs) owing to their short lifetime. Herein, we proposed a facile, rapid, and gram-scale strategy to synthesize the cross-linked carbon dots (named N-CDs) with both bright blue fluorescence and green RTP emissions. To be specific, the polymer of polyethylenimine (PEI) served as the cross-linking agent and carbon source, during which process phosphoric acid accelerated the formation of the compact carbon core within 30 s. Subsequently, the cross-linked carbon dots with the rigid network formed a small singlet-triplet energy splitting (ΔEST) of 0.490 eV, thus exhibiting a long RTP lifetime of 429.880 ms while coated on the filter paper through the hydrogen bonds. Taking advantage of the double luminescence, we successfully achieved the dual-channel detection of promethazine by N-CDs. The fluorescence of N-CDs was obviously quenched by promethazine through the electron-transfer process, displaying the linear range from 0.4 to 8 mM. Significantly, the electron transfer (ET) from carbon dots to promethazine boosted their phosphorescence efficiency and prolonged the lifetime to 565.190 ms, and the enhanced phosphorescence facilitated the sensitive recognition of promethazine with the concentration range of 1-3000 μM. Meanwhile, the possible autofluorescence interference from biological samples could be avoided through this RTP assaying mode, providing the more accurate results. Also, their RTP and fluorescence endowed the current N-CDs with the ability of dual-signal painting and imaging. This strategy may broaden the new approaches to produce the long-lifetime and high-efficiency RTP material toward the sensing purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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10
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Russell‐Webster B, Lopez‐Nieto J, Abboud KA, Christou G. Truly Monodisperse Molecular Nanoparticles of Cerium Dioxide of 2.4 nm dimensions: A {Ce
100
O
167
} Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javi Lopez‐Nieto
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| | - George Christou
- Department of Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
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11
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Russell-Webster B, Lopez-Nieto J, Abboud KA, Christou G. Truly Monodisperse Molecular Nanoparticles of Cerium Dioxide of 2.4 nm dimensions: A {Ce 100 O 167 } Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12591-12596. [PMID: 33768655 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-small nanoparticles of CeO2 obtained in molecular form, so-called molecular nanoparticles, have been limited to date to a family whose largest member is of nuclearity Ce40 with a {Ce40 O58 } core atom count. Herein we report that a synthetic procedure has been developed to the cation [Ce100 O149 (OH)18 (O2 CPh)60 (PhCO2 H)12 (H2 O)20 ]16+ , a member with a much higher Ce100 nuclearity and a {Ce100 O167 } core that is more akin to the smallest ceria nanoparticles. Its crystal structure reveals it to possess a 2.4 nm size and high D2d symmetry, and it has also allowed identification of core surface features including facet composition, the presence and location of Ce3+ and H+ (i.e. HO- ) ions, and the binding modes of the ligand monolayer of benzoate, benzoic acid, and water ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javi Lopez-Nieto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
| | - George Christou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA
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12
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Sun QQ, Li Q, Li HY, Zhang MM, Sun ME, Li S, Quan Z, Zang SQ. Thermochromism and piezochromism of an atomically precise high-nuclearity silver sulfide nanocluster. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2372-2375. [PMID: 33534872 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel high-nuclearity silver sulfide nanocluster [Ag50S7(SC6H4F)36(dppp)6]·4DMI, (hereafter abbreviated as 1⋅4DMI) was synthesised. Solvent-free crystals of 1 displayed a completely reversible narrowing and broadening of the optical band gap that was accompanied by visual thermochromism and piezochromism changeovers, when stimulated by varying temperatures between 113 and 413 K or by changing the pressure from 1 atm to 7.5 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Qiao Sun
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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13
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He W, Zhou Z, Han Z, Li S, Zhou Z, Ma L, Zang S. Ultrafast Size Expansion and Turn‐On Luminescence of Atomically Precise Silver Clusters by Hydrogen Sulfide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Miao He
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhen Han
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Si Li
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 China
| | - Lu‐Fang Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 China
| | - Shuang‐Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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14
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He W, Zhou Z, Han Z, Li S, Zhou Z, Ma L, Zang S. Ultrafast Size Expansion and Turn‐On Luminescence of Atomically Precise Silver Clusters by Hydrogen Sulfide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8505-8509. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Miao He
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhen Han
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Si Li
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 China
| | - Lu‐Fang Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471934 China
| | - Shuang‐Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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15
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He L, Dong T. Progress in controlling the synthesis of atomically precise silver nanoclusters. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01217g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This short review was designed to summarize the advances in synthesis methods of silver nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, PR China
| | - Tingting Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, PR China
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16
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Pillay MN, van Zyl WE, Liu CW. A construction guide for high-nuclearity (≥50 metal atoms) coinage metal clusters at the nanoscale: bridging molecular precise constructs with the bulk material phase. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:24331-24348. [PMID: 33300525 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05632d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis remains a major strength in chemistry and materials science and relies on the formation of new molecules and diverse forms of matter. The construction and identification of large molecules poses specific challenges and has historically lain in the realm of biological (organic)-type molecules with evolved synthesis methods to support such endeavours. But with the development of analytical tools such as X-ray crystallography, new synthesis methods toward large metal-based (inorganic) molecules and clusters have come to the fore, making it possible to accurately determine the precise distribution of hundreds of atoms in large clusters. In this review, we focus on different synthesis protocols used to form new metal clusters such as templating, alloying and size-focusing strategies. A specific focus is on group 11 metals (Cu, Ag, Au) as they currently predominate large metal cluster investigations and related Au and Ag bulk surface phenomena. This review focuses on metal clusters that have very high-nuclearity, i.e. with 50 or more metal centers within the isolated cluster. This size domain, it is believed, will become increasingly important for a variety of applications as these metal clusters are positioned at the interface between the molecular and bulk phases, whilst remaining a classic nanomaterial and retaining unique nano-sized properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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17
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Shen Y, Jin J, Duan G, Yu P, Xie Y, Lu X. Nestlike Silver(I) Thiolate Clusters with Tunable Emission Color Templated by Heteroanions. Chemistry 2020; 27:1122-1126. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang‐Lin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould, Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Jun‐Ling Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials Center for Advanced Materials Research Zhongyuan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450007 P.R. China
| | - Guang‐Xiong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould, Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Peng‐Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould, Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Yun‐Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould, Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould, Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
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18
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Shen YL, Jin JL, Xie YP, Lu X. tert-Butyl thiol and pyridine ligand co-protected 50-nuclei clusters: the effect of pyridines on Ag-SR bonds. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12574-12580. [PMID: 32852489 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02003f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Constructing silver(i)-thiolate clusters from simple building blocks usually involves elusive self-assembly processes and remains a long-standing challenge. In this work, we report 6 silver(i)-thiolate clusters protected by pyridines, namely, [Ag3(tBuS)2(Py)(NO3)]n (Py = pyridine) (1), [Ag10(tBuS)6(Py)6(CF3CO2)4]·3Py (2), [Ag12(iPrS)6(Py)8(NO3)6]·2H2O (3), Ag12(iPrS)6(Py)8(CF3CO2)6 (4), Ag12(iPrS)6(4-ap)6(NO3)6 (4-ap = 4-aminopyridine) (5), and [Ag50S13(tBuS)20(Py)12]·4BF4·4Py·4CH3OH·2H2O (6). Single-crystal X-ray crystallography analysis reveals that six clusters are constructed by four types of structural blocks, including the PyAg(tBuS)2 monomer, Py2Ag2(tBuS)2 dimer, Py3Ag3(tBuS)3 trimer and (4-ap)6Ag6(iPrS)6 hexamer. Notably, cluster 6 consists of a rhombic dodecahedron S@Ag14 kernel with 12 interstitial S2- atoms encapsulated by 8 μ4-tBuS- ligands, as well as six unique butterfly-like (Py)2Ag6(tBuS)2 staple motifs composed of a Py2Ag2(tBuS)2 dimer and four silver ions. Moreover, it is found that pyridine ligands have important influence on the construction of silver thiolate clusters and their Ag-SR bond lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Lin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jun-Ling Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Center for Advanced Materials Research, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Yun-Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China.
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19
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Li S, Yan Z, Li X, Kong Y, Li H, Gao G, Zheng Y, Zang S. Stepwise Achievement of Circularly Polarized Luminescence on Atomically Precise Silver Clusters. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000738. [PMID: 32775159 PMCID: PMC7404152 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The weakly coordinated anionic nitrate ligands in a centrosymmetric Ag20 cluster are replaced in a stepwise manner by chiral amino acids and two achiral luminescent sulfonic-group-containing ligands while nearly maintaining the original silver(I) cage structure. This surface engineering enables the atomically precise Ag20 clusters to exhibit the high-efficiency synergetic effects of chirality and fluorescence, producing rare circularly polarized luminescence among the metal clusters with a large dissymmetry factor of (|glum|) ≈ 5 × 10-3. This rational approach using joint functional ligands further opens a new avenue to diverse multifunctional metal clusters for promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- Green Catalysis Centerand College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Zhi‐Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Xin‐Lei Li
- Green Catalysis Centerand College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Yu‐Jin Kong
- Green Catalysis Centerand College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Hai‐Yang Li
- Green Catalysis Centerand College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Guang‐Gang Gao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of JinanJinan250022China
| | - You‐Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Shuang‐Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Centerand College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
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20
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Deng C, Sun C, Wang Z, Tao Y, Chen Y, Lin J, Luo G, Lin B, Sun D, Zheng L. A Sodalite‐Type Silver Orthophosphate Cluster in a Globular Silver Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12659-12663. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Cunfa Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Yunwen Tao
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University 3215 Daniel Avenue Dallas TX 75275-0314 USA
| | - Yilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Jinqing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Genggeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Bizhou Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Lansun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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21
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Deng C, Sun C, Wang Z, Tao Y, Chen Y, Lin J, Luo G, Lin B, Sun D, Zheng L. A Sodalite‐Type Silver Orthophosphate Cluster in a Globular Silver Nanocluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Cunfa Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Yunwen Tao
- Department of Chemistry Southern Methodist University 3215 Daniel Avenue Dallas TX 75275-0314 USA
| | - Yilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Jinqing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Genggeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Bizhou Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education College of Materials Science and Engineering Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Lansun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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22
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Luo GG, Guo QL, Wang Z, Sun CF, Lin JQ, Sun D. New protective ligands for atomically precise silver nanoclusters. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5406-5415. [PMID: 32243489 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00477d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Atomically precise silver nanoclusters (NCs) have emerged as a hot topic attracting immense research interest. Protecting ligands are needed for direct capping on cluster surfaces in order to prevent aggregation and to stabilize NCs. It has been demonstrated that protective ligands are critical to determining the sizes, structures and properties of silver NCs. The past decades have witnessed conventionally used organic ligands (thiolates/selenols, phosphines and alkynyls) and inorganic ligands (chalcogens and halogens) being extensively used to passivate NC surfaces. However, only in the most recent years have new-type protecting ligands beyond the conventional ones begun to be introduced in the protecting sphere of new functional silver NCs. The present Frontier article covers the most recent examples of some new protective agents for well-defined silver NCs. We describe four classes of novel silver NCs stabilized by newly-developed surface ligands, namely, nitrogen-donor organic ligands, oxygen-donor inorganic ligands, metalloligands and macrocyclic hosts, paying attention to the synthesis, structures and properties of these silver NCs. This Frontier article will hopefully attract more cluster scientists to explore more freshly ligated atomically precise silver NCs with novel structures and properties in the years ahead. The literature survey in this review is based on publications up to February 2020. Some suggestions for future directions in this field are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Geng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China.
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23
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Tian F, Chen R. Ag 18(μ 8-S)(p-TBBT) 16(PPh 3) 8: symmetry breaking induced by the core to generate chirality. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2719-2722. [PMID: 32022022 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc10045h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chiral silver-sulfur nanocluster with a μ8-S inside, Ag18(μ8-S)(p-TBBT)16(PPh3)8, was successfully synthesized and characterized. This nanocluster is composed of a crown-like Ag8S core and an Ag10S16P8 meso-shell. The presence of the core induces symmetry breaking of the nanocluster from S8 to C4, and therefore endows the cluster with chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Tian
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Donghu New & High Technology, Development Zone, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China.
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24
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Gupta AK, Orthaber A. Facile synthesis of silver alkynide cluster and coordination polymers using picolinic acid as a co-ligand. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:16518-16524. [PMID: 31663564 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03697k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe five 1D-coordination polymers and two discrete silver clusters consisting of alkynides and picolinic carboxylates as co-ligands. In some cases, DMSO or EtOH further solvated the structural motifs. Utilising the sterically demanding tri-isopropylsilyl acetylene afforded a tridecanuclear cluster that possessed an unprecedented core with a silver center surrounded by six octahedrally arranged silver atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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25
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Jia AQ, Sheng MM, Che G, Xu C, Zhang QF. Isolation and Structures of One- and Two-Dimensional High-Nuclearity Silver(I) Clusters from a Silver Propane-2-thiolate Chain. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Wang Z, Liu JW, Su HF, Zhao QQ, Kurmoo M, Wang XP, Tung CH, Sun D, Zheng LS. Chalcogens-Induced Ag6Z4@Ag36 (Z = S or Se) Core–Shell Nanoclusters: Enlarged Tetrahedral Core and Homochiral Crystallization. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17884-17890. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Su
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Qin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohamedally Kurmoo
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67008 Cedex, France
| | - Xing-Po Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Wu T, Yin D, Hu X, Yang B, Liu H, Xie YP, Liu SX, Ma L, Gao GG. A disulfur ligand stabilization approach to construct a silver(i)-cluster-based porous framework as a sensitive SERS substrate. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16293-16298. [PMID: 31465063 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05301h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An atomically-precise silver(i)-cluster-based three-dimensional (3D) framework (UJN-1) stabilized by a ditiocarb (diethyldithiocarbamate) ligand has been unveiled for the first time by self-assembly. UJN-1 is composed of both Ag9 clusters and Ag5 subunits, of which the Ag9 clusters are bonded with Ag5 subunits by sharing the ditiocarb ligand to form a microporous 3,4-connected topological framework. The chemically reduced nano-sized derivative of UJN-1 exhibits highly sensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) towards 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) signal molecules, which is ascribed to the porosity as well as the distribution of abundant crystalline Ag0 active sites. This work sheds light on a new bottom-up approach to construct SERS-active silver(i)-cluster-based 3D materials by disulfur ligand stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China. and College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Di Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China. and College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yun-Peng Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shi-Xi Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Lulu Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Guang-Gang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China. and College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
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28
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Feng Y, Gao X, Shi J, Zhou K, Ji J, Bi Y. A Temperature‐Sensitive Luminescent Ag
42
Nanocluster Supported by
Tert
Butyl Thiol Ligands. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3279-3282. [PMID: 31486264 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Hui Feng
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceLiaoning Shihua University No. 1 Dandong Road West Fushun Liaoning 113001 P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Ling Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceLiaoning Shihua University No. 1 Dandong Road West Fushun Liaoning 113001 P. R. China
| | - Ju‐Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceLiaoning Shihua University No. 1 Dandong Road West Fushun Liaoning 113001 P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceLiaoning Shihua University No. 1 Dandong Road West Fushun Liaoning 113001 P. R. China
| | - Jiu‐Yu Ji
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceLiaoning Shihua University No. 1 Dandong Road West Fushun Liaoning 113001 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Feng Bi
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceLiaoning Shihua University No. 1 Dandong Road West Fushun Liaoning 113001 P. R. China
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29
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Zeng C, Weitz A, Withers G, Higaki T, Zhao S, Chen Y, Gil RR, Hendrich M, Jin R. Controlling magnetism of Au 133(TBBT) 52 nanoclusters at single electron level and implication for nonmetal to metal transition. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9684-9691. [PMID: 32015802 PMCID: PMC6977549 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02736j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The [Au133(SR)52]q nanocluster is discovered to possess one spin per particle when q = 0, but no unpaired electron when q = +1.
The transition from the discrete, excitonic state to the continuous, metallic state in thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters is of fundamental interest and has attracted significant efforts in recent research. Compared with optical and electronic transition behavior, the transition in magnetism from the atomic gold paramagnetism (Au 6s1) to the band behavior is less studied. In this work, the magnetic properties of 1.7 nm [Au133(TBBT)52]0 nanoclusters (where TBBT = 4-tert-butylbenzenethiolate) with 81 nominal “valence electrons” are investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Quantitative EPR analysis shows that each cluster possesses one unpaired electron (spin), indicating that the electrons fill into discrete orbitals instead of a continuous band, for that one electron in the band would give a much smaller magnetic moment. Therefore, [Au133(TBBT)52]0 possesses a nonmetallic electronic structure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the unpaired spin can be removed by oxidizing [Au133(TBBT)52]0 to [Au133(TBBT)52]+ and the nanocluster transforms from paramagnetism to diamagnetism accordingly. The UV-vis absorption spectra remain the same in the process of single-electron loss or addition. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is applied to probe the charge and magnetic states of Au133(TBBT)52, and the chemical shifts of 52 surface TBBT ligands are found to be affected by the spin in the gold core. The NMR spectrum of Au133(TBBT)52 shows a 13-fold splitting with 4-fold degeneracy of 52 TBBT ligands, which are correlated to the quasi-D2 symmetry of the ligand shell. Overall, this work provides important insights into the electronic structure of Au133(TBBT)52 by combining EPR, optical and NMR studies, which will pave the way for further understanding of the transition behavior in metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Andrew Weitz
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Gayathri Withers
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Shuo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Roberto R Gil
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Michael Hendrich
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Ave , Pittsburgh , PA , USA . ;
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30
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Liu CY, Wang HF, Ren ZG, Braunstein P, Lang JP. Fine-Tuning of Luminescence through Changes in Au–S Bond Lengths as a Function of Temperature or Solvent. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8533-8540. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Fang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ren
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg 4, rue Blaise Pascal—CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jian-Ping Lang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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31
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Li YL, Wang ZY, Ma XH, Luo P, Du CX, Zang SQ. Distinct photophysical properties in atom-precise silver and copper nanocluster analogues. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5151-5157. [PMID: 30848273 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01058k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of atom-precise analogues of homometallic nanoclusters remains a great challenge. Herein we report the first pair of atom-precise copper/silver-thiolate halide cluster analogues, namely [Cu17/Ag17I3S(C2B10H10S2)6(CH3CN)11] (Cu17 and Ag17), obtained by bottom-up self-assembly and complete-metal-exchange-induced cluster-to-cluster transformation, respectively. The differences in optical absorption and emission of these analogues were fully elucidated by experimental and theoretical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.
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32
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Brake H, Peresypkina E, Heindl C, Virovets AV, Kremer W, Scheer M. From nano-balls to nano-bowls. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2940-2944. [PMID: 30996872 PMCID: PMC6429618 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05471a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentaphosphaferrocene [Cp*Fe(η5-P5)] in combination with Cu(i) halides is capable of a template-directed synthesis of fullerene-like spheres. Herein, we present the use of a triple decker complex as template that leads to the formation of unprecedented 'nano-bowls'. These spherical domes resemble the truncated fullerenes I h-C80 and represent a novel spherical arrangement in the chemistry of spherical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Brake
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany .
| | - Eugenia Peresypkina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany .
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova str. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Claudia Heindl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany .
| | - Alexander V Virovets
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany .
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova str. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Werner Kremer
- Institut für Biophysik und physikalische Biochemie , Universität Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany .
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33
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Polgar AM, Zhang A, Mack F, Weigend F, Lebedkin S, Stillman MJ, Corrigan JF. Tuning the Metal/Chalcogen Composition in Copper(I)–Chalcogenide Clusters with Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3338-3348. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Polgar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Angel Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Fabian Mack
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin J. Stillman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - John F. Corrigan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
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34
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Manju CK, Ghosh D, Bodiuzzaman M, Pradeep T. Formation of an NIR-emitting Ag34S3SBB20(CF3COO)62+ cluster from a hydride-protected silver cluster. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8664-8670. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01533g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Formation of an NIR emitting Ag34S3SBB20(CF3COO)62+ cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. K. Manju
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Debasmita Ghosh
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Mohammad Bodiuzzaman
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
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35
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Value-added anticancer reactivity of sub-5 nm Ag-drug nanoparticles derived from organosilver(I) MOF. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Li S, Wang ZY, Gao GG, Li B, Luo P, Kong YJ, Liu H, Zang SQ. Smart Transformation of a Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Shell Controlled by Thiolate Silver(I) Nanocluster Core in Cluster@Clusters Dendrimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Guang-Gang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Peng Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yu-Jin Kong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
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37
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Li S, Wang ZY, Gao GG, Li B, Luo P, Kong YJ, Liu H, Zang SQ. Smart Transformation of a Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Shell Controlled by Thiolate Silver(I) Nanocluster Core in Cluster@Clusters Dendrimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12775-12779. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Guang-Gang Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Peng Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yu-Jin Kong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan 250022 China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou 450001 China
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38
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Ma HZ, White JM, Mulder RJ, Reid GE, Canty AJ, O'Hair RAJ. Synthesis, structure, and condensed-phase reactivity of [Ag3(μ3-H)(μ3-BH4)LPh3](BF4) (LPh = bis(diphenylphosphino)amine) with CS2. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14713-14725. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02437e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to monitor the reaction of AgBF4, bis(diphenylphosphino)amine (dppa = (Ph2P)2NH = LPh) and NaBH4 in acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Z. Ma
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | | | - Gavin E. Reid
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Allan J. Canty
- School of Natural Sciences – Chemistry
- University of Tasmania
- Hobart
- Australia
| | - Richard A. J. O'Hair
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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39
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Cheng LP, Wang Z, Wu QY, Su HF, Peng T, Luo GG, Li YA, Sun D, Zheng LS. Small size yet big action: a simple sulfate anion templated a discrete 78-nuclearity silver sulfur nanocluster with a multishell structure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2361-2364. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00014j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A discrete 78-nuclearity Ag nanocluster with a sulfate-centered multishell structure was obtained, indicating that simple anions can induce the formation of high-nuclearity Ag clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
| | - Qiao-Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
| | - Hai-Feng Su
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
| | - Geng-Geng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials
- Ministry of Education
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huaqiao University
- Xiamen 361021
| | - Yan-An Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- P. R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Key Lab of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface and Department of Chemistry
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
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40
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Veselska O, Demessence A. d10 coinage metal organic chalcogenolates: From oligomers to coordination polymers. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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41
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Zou X, Jin S, Du W, Li Y, Li P, Wang S, Zhu M. Multi-ligand-directed synthesis of chiral silver nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16800-16805. [PMID: 29072749 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the surface ligands of metal nanoclusters is critical for tuning their sizes, structures and properties at the atomic level. Herein, we report the synthesis and total structure determination of [Ag32(Dppm)5(SAdm)13Cl8]3+ and [Ag45(Dppm)4(S-But)16Br12]3+ (where Dppm = bis(diphenyphosphino)methane, HSAdm = 1-adamantanethiol and HS-But = tert-butyl mercaptan). The compositions of these two silver nanoclusters are determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Remarkably, the asymmetric distribution of the three types of ligands (thiolate, phosphine, and halogen) on the cluster surface is responsible for the chirality of the clusters. It is worth noting that these findings demonstrate the key principles of ligand-shell anchoring for the tri-ligand protected silver clusters. Our work will offer further insights into the synthesis of chiral metal clusters by tailoring the surface ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China.
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42
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Rinn N, Guggolz L, Gries K, Volz K, Senker J, Dehnen S. Formation and Structural Diversity of Organo-Functionalized Tin-Silver Selenide Clusters. Chemistry 2017; 23:15607-15611. [PMID: 28922501 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
When reacting the organic functionalized tin selenide clusters [(SnR1 )3 Se4 Cl] (A, R1 =CMe2 CH2 C(O)Me) or [(SnR1 )4 Se6 ] (B) with (SiMe3 )2 Se and [Ag(PPh3 )3 Cl] at -78 °C in CH2 Cl2 , a microcrystalline intermediate (compound 1) precipitates, which was investigated by magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry calculations, to derive information about its composition and structure. Compound 1 re-dissolves under reorganization into the organo-functionalized Ag/Sn/Se cluster compound [Ag6 (μ6 -Se)(Ag8 Se12 ){(R1 Sn)2 Se2 }6 ] (2), or the mixed-valence cluster [(AgPPh3 )2 (SnII Cl)2 Se2 {(R1 SnIV )2 Se2 }2 ] (3), depending on the presence or the exclusion of daylight, respectively. The addition of N2 H4 ⋅H2 O to a solution of 1 yields selectively [Ag7 (μ7 -Se)(Ag7 Se12 ){(R2 Sn)2 Se2 }6 ] (4, R2 =CMe2 CH2 C(N2 H2 )Me), the Ag/Sn/Se core of which is isomeric to that of 2. 2-4 were characterized by X-ray diffraction. NMR spectroscopic studies on solutions of 1 indicate the co-existence of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rinn
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Guggolz
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Gries
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Volz
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, 35032, Marburg, Germany.,Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Senker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043, Marburg, Germany
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